Endayehu Tegegne Mengesha   and Melaku Mengistu Gebremeskel   

Leadership instruments developed in Western contexts require rigorous validation before application in developing countries. The Leadership Style Questionnaire (LSQ) measures task- and relation-oriented leadership (TOL and ROL) behaviors, but researchers have not systematically validated its psychometric properties within Ethiopian technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions. This study aimed to validate the LSQ for measuring deans' leadership behaviors in TVET colleges of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Using a quantitative survey design, we collected data from 694 academic staff members across 30 TVET colleges. We employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the adapted LSQ. The EFA results supported a two-factor structure comprising ROL and TOL behaviors after removing problematic items. The CFA results confirmed the adequacy of the two-factor model, with good fit indices, including CFI (.973) and RMSEA (.064). Reliability analysis demonstrated strong internal consistency for both dimensions (composite reliability: ROL = .94, TOL = .86). Convergent validity was established through average variance extracted (AVE: ROL = .623, TOL = .605), and discriminant validity met acceptable thresholds using the heterotrait monotrait ratio. The LSQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing deans' leadership behaviors in Amhara Region TVET colleges. This validated instrument provides a foundation for future leadership research and evidence-based leadership development strategies in Ethiopian TVET institutions and similar contexts.

Md. Mahmudul Hasan   and Parul Parvin   

A country cannot achieve sustainable development without well-organized library systems in institutions of learning and the society at large, which are critical in the delivery of quality education and the training of good citizens. On this premise, the researchers went on a committed study. The major aim of the study was to investigate the current situation of the library information services and measure student satisfaction in fifty schools and colleges located in Dhaka. The research was based solely on primary data collection. Information was collected through carefully designed questionnaires and face-to-face interviews; this is a mixed-method approach, so that we could cover all the opinions of the respondents. The study population was 250 students and 50 librarians. In a few cases, secondary data were also used to add to the primary findings. Analytical findings showed that the major aspects, including infrastructural adequacy, reading conditions, scope of collection, and competence of library staff (30%), experienced a great deal of deficiencies. As a result, most of the libraries did not perform at the desired level of satisfying students (65%). Considering these results, the recommendations urge that every school and college library must provide sufficient and noise-free reading areas, engage qualified librarians, have a modern collection of books of reference, periodicals, and journals, provide fast internet-connected computers, and extensive literacy programs, as well as a variety of activities that would help develop and maintain reading habits among students.

Dimitrios Nikolaidis   

School teacher evaluation (STE) has emerged as a key policy instrument for enhancing educational quality, teacher professionalism, and accountability. In Greece, its implementation remains a contested and urgent issue due to recent policy reforms and longstanding resistance within the educational community. This study examines stakeholders' perceptions of the purposes, methods, and implementation conditions of STE in the Greek context. A mixed-methods case study design was employed, involving a sample of 50 teachers, 50 parents, and 4 principals from two Primary schools, one Junior high and one Senior high school. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires administered to teachers and parents, followed by qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with the four principals. The study's novelty lies in its triangulated, multi-stakeholder perspective, which remains underexplored in Greece. Findings indicate broad agreement on the importance of STE for improving educational standards and student outcomes. However, tensions arise between developmental and accountability-oriented approaches, with teachers favouring formative evaluation and parents emphasising accountability. The study contributes by identifying key conditions for effective STE implementation in Greece, including transparency, multiple data sources, trust, and stakeholder communication, highlighting the need for context-sensitive and supportive evaluation practices.

Mónica Patricia López Alvarado   and Alejandro Briseño Vilches   

This article analyzes the implementation and impact of the Mirror Project as an experiential, collaborative, and intercultural learning approach in design and social innovation education. The project was developed through an academic collaboration between the Centro Universitario de Arte, Arquitectura y Diseño at the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) and the University of San Buenaventura (Colombia), involving undergraduate students in Industrial Design, postgraduate students in Design and Innovation, faculty members, and local communities. Using a qualitative, cross-sectional research design grounded in Participatory Action Research and Design Thinking, the project addressed real social problems within community contexts in both countries. The findings reveal that the Mirror Project significantly enhanced the development of students' collaborative competencies, as well as their critical and creative thinking skills. Participants demonstrated a deeper awareness and understanding of complex social issues, supported by direct interaction with community realities. Furthermore, the project fostered intercultural dialogue and strengthened students' ability to work in diverse and multidisciplinary teams. From a pedagogical perspective, faculty members reported meaningful transformations in their teaching practices, incorporating more reflective, flexible, and student-centered approaches. Despite these positive outcomes, the findings also highlight challenges related to technological integration and the long-term sustainability of international collaborative initiatives. Issues such as coordination across institutions and access to digital resources were identified as areas for improvement. Overall, the study demonstrates the relevance of the Mirror Project as a flexible educational model that strengthens professional training, promotes intercultural competence, and supports the development of socially innovative design practices.

Erasto Joseph Kano   

Volunteering has become an increasingly prominent feature in many education systems worldwide. Pre-service teachers play a growing role in addressing instructional gaps while navigating uncertain transitions into formal employment. This study examined the motivations driving pre-service primary school teachers in Tanzania to engage in volunteer teaching in public primary schools. The study employed a phenomenological qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data with 30 pre-service volunteer teachers in five government primary schools in Dodoma City. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The findings indicate that volunteer teaching appears to be a strategic response to labour-market realities, alongside prosocial motivations. Four major motivational themes emerged from 114 coded thematic instances: experiential training (36%), employment prospects (30%), sustained livelihood (18%), and networking opportunities (16%). Participants perceived unpaid teaching as a strategic means of acquiring practical pedagogical experience, enhancing employability, coping with economic uncertainty, and building professional networks. These patterns reflect broader structural conditions, including youth unemployment, teacher shortages, and irregular recruitment practices. Thus, volunteer teaching might function as an informal extension of teacher education and a transitional pathway into the teaching labour market. The findings point to the potential value of more formalised volunteer and internship frameworks, transparent recruitment processes that protect volunteer teachers while supporting their professional development.

Saul Lloren Nemenzo   

This study investigates the cyclical effects of seasonal teacher retention on school performance through trigonometric regression modeling. A sinusoidal model was selected to capture periodic, wave-like fluctuations that alternative models fail to represent. Using performance data from 2013–2025 at Warren County High School in Warrenton, North Carolina, the analysis revealed recurring fluctuations that closely align with teacher turnover and reassignment cycles. The derived model, Performance (x) = 6.07 sin (70.67x + 52.32) + 48.13, achieved a goodness of fit of R² = 80.37%, capturing one full performance cycle approximately every five to six academic years. The amplitude (A = 6.07) reflects the extent of performance variation, while the phase shift (C = 52.32) demonstrates the delayed effect of staffing transitions, and the vertical shift (D = 48.13) represents the baseline performance level. This research introduces a novel mathematical framework for educational policy, demonstrating that performance declines coincide with teacher loss while recovery follows instructional stability. To mitigate these cyclical downturns, the study advocates a shift from temporary staffing to long-term residency pathways and stabilized teacher assignments. By linking mathematical modeling with workforce policy design, this research provides an innovative framework for sustaining consistent academic growth.

Ali A. Albar   Yousuf D. Almoallem   and Mohammed A. Samman   

Edutainment technologies—such as serious games, simulations, augmented and virtual reality, immersive technology learning environments—are transforming global approaches to education and lifelong learning. This study examines their potential through the lens of Saudi Arabia's ongoing digital transformation under Vision 2030, using scholarly literature and national survey data to assess public readiness and perceived value. Findings indicate strong societal support for immersive, hands-on learning tools that can make STEM subjects more engaging and accessible for diverse learners. At the same time, challenges common across many countries persist, including inconsistent digital infrastructure, limited teacher preparation, and misconceptions about game-based learning. To address these gaps, the study highlights the need for national science and knowledge centers that integrate education, entertainment, and culture. The Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre in Kuwait is presented as a successful regional model demonstrating how immersive environments can strengthen digital literacy, enhance motivation, and promote lifelong learning. The study concludes with policy recommendations centered on strategic planning, cross-sector collaboration, and sustained investment to scale edutainment-driven learning ecosystems capable of equipping future generations for rapidly evolving knowledge economies.

Sisay Fekadie Molla   

Teacher turnover poses a significant threat to the quality and equity of education in Ethiopia. This study investigated the multifaceted causes of teacher attrition in the Central Gondar Zone, employing a concurrent mixed-methods design. Data were collected from 168 teachers and two woreda education experts through surveys, focus groups, and archival analysis (2012–2024). The findings identified inadequate remuneration and poor living conditions as the most severe concerns. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction was the most powerful predictor of turnover intention (β = -0.62, p < .001), accounting for 35.5% of its variance (R² = 0.355), representing a large effect size. Archival data revealed a concerning 25–35% increase in turnover rates over the past decade. Grounded in Mason and Matas' (2015) four-capital model, the analysis underscores that deficits in social and psychological capital, which are directly influenced by school-level leadership, are critical drivers of attrition. Qualitative findings revealed three key themes: disconnected leadership, perceived unfairness, and inadequate advocacy. The study concludes by proposing a practical, four-dimensional leadership framework for school directors, positioning them as pivotal agents of retention through strategic advocacy, community engagement, and targeted teacher support. This research contributes a context-specific, actionable strategy for mitigating the teacher turnover crisis in resource-constrained educational systems.

Fatema Matar Halool   

Metacognitive awareness is crucial in attracting students to teaching and promoting self-directed learning. This paper describes a study investigating teachers' metacognitive behavior and practices in mathematics classes, as perceived by the teachers themselves, in primary schools. The study revealed a strong correlation between teachers' instructional performance and their possession of metacognitive skills, partially supporting the alternative hypothesis, which states a statistically significant effect at the level (≤0.05α), emphasizing teaching experience. This supports the positive influence of students' epistemological beliefs towards experience as a context for learning problem-solving skills and acquiring new knowledge, enhancing the teaching context that predicts future performance. This study recommends that further attention should be paid to teaching theories and raising awareness of the modern outlook on teaching, creating goals focused on future education that train teachers to enhance academic performance and the well-being of students. The study sample consisted of 729 mathematics teachers who responded to a questionnaire developed for the study's purposes. The results showed that the teacher's awareness of knowledge, teaching methods, and objectives was high, while awareness of content types was moderate. Statistical differences favored male teachers. This paper provides future research directions for conducting more studies in the field of Metacognitive teaching methods in mathematics.

Ruiqi Gong   

Existing empirical research in music education indicates that a continuous and structured practice pattern can significantly alleviate the performance anxiety of music students. Based on these pieces of evidence, this study investigates the relationship between practice time and students' nervousness levels during stage performances. The purpose is to determine whether increasing practice time reduces music performance anxiety (MPA) and to examine how factors such as practice quality and demographic characteristics influence this relationship. This study employed a six-week quantitative pre-post correlational design to examine the relationship between music practice time and performance anxiety. A total of 30 music students of varying gender and experience levels were recruited using snowball sampling. Participants used a digital tracking application to log their daily practice time, practice types (e.g., repertoire, technical exercises, improvisation), and perceived focus levels. In addition, they completed the Music Performance Anxiety Questionnaire (MPAQ) at both the beginning and end of the study period to measure changes in anxiety levels over time. Results showed that participants who practiced more hours per week, particularly those focusing on repertoire and improvisation, experienced greater reductions in anxiety compared to those who practiced less or focused on technical exercises. Further analysis revealed that female students and beginners showed a more significant reduction in anxiety after increasing their practice time, while male students and those with high proficiency showed smaller improvements. This study emphasizes that adjusting the practice time and rehearsal strategies according to individual characteristics, especially by incorporating activities that enhance musical expressiveness such as improvisation, is crucial for helping students effectively alleviate performance anxiety. These findings emphasize the importance of both consistent practice and purposeful practice strategies in managing performance anxiety.

Wellington Itai Manzi   and Motalenyane Alfred Modise   

The integration of technology in education, particularly tools like Google Classroom (GC), has garnered significant attention in higher education research, with limited exploration in secondary education and specific subjects like Economics. This study addresses this lacuna by investigating the potential of GC to enhance the implementation of the Economics curriculum in secondary schools. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory, this qualitative case study employs an interpretive paradigm and utilises semi-structured interviews to gather insights from three purposively selected teachers in urban and rural high schools in South Africa. The thematic analysis reveals that while teachers praise GC for improving teacher-learner interaction, facilitating diverse and high-quality media usage, and promoting learner independence, challenges remain. Specifically, some teachers lack the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully integrate GC into their teaching practices. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive training to maximise GC's potential in Economics education. This study contributes valuable insights into how secondary school teachers can utilise GC to enhance the Economics curriculum, providing a roadmap for more active technology integration in the classroom.

U. K. Majumder   and Mst. Tanmin Nahar   

Education is the most effective investment in national growth. It is widely recognized that a competent and educated workforce, combined with skilled individuals, has the potential to greatly enhance our economy and adopt a stable society. This study aims to conclusively identify the potential predictors on academic performance of undergraduate mathematical students in public universities and also test the mean differences in academic performance between female and male students. Findings show that satisfaction with the result, regular attendance in class, regular study, scholarship status, updated department website, etc. explained the largest amount of variance in academic performance. Students' satisfaction with the academic result (β = .300; p <.001), interest in the subject (β = .146; p <.001), regular attendance in classes (β = .101; p <.001), scholarship status (β = .101; p <.001), class size (30 to 50) (β = .360; p <.001), maintain academic calendar in the class (β = .128; p <.001) and updated department website (β = .108; p < .010) served as the more effective predictors than other predictors of the student's academic performance. Independent sample t-test shows significant mean differences in academic performances (CGPA at 4.0 scale) according to gender of students and found higher for female (mean ± se: 3.45 ± 0.013) than male students (mean ± se: 3.32 ± 0.012). It can be concluded that the academic performance of students can be upgraded by inspiring them to attend classes regularly, providing scholarship opportunities and ensuring an updated department website.

Samson Worku Teshome   

This systematic literature review critically examines the dual nature of exit exams in higher education, focusing on their benefits, drawbacks, and impact on students and educational systems. Using a structured methodology named PRISMA, the study synthesizes empirical research published between 1994 and 2024, employing a comprehensive search strategy across databases like Google Scholar, ERIC, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and applying thematic narrative synthesis. PICO was used to formulate the research questions. Key findings reveal that exit exams enhance accountability, improve curriculum alignment, and prepare students for job readiness by standardizing assessments. They also foster critical thinking and inclusivity, ensuring consistent educational quality across institutions. However, significant drawbacks include increased student stress and anxiety, the risk of teaching to the test, and equity concerns due to cultural and socioeconomic disparities. These issues can lead to narrowed curricula, stifled creativity, and disproportionate disadvantages for underrepresented groups. The review concludes that while exit exams can improve educational quality and workforce preparedness, their high-stakes nature and potential for inequity necessitate a balanced approach. Ongoing research and dialogue among educators and policymakers are crucial to ensure these assessments support a fair and equitable educational environment. This study highlights the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of exit exam practices to maximize their benefits while mitigating adverse effects.

Hongmei Wang   and Spencer Taylor   

Most existing studies on social learning focus primarily on social influences, with limited attention given to cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral factors. This study explores the impact of cognitive and behavioral factors on both individual and social learning based on instructors' opinions. Drawing from previous research, three categories of cognitive learning factors including cognitive capabilities, organization of teaching materials, and prior knowledge, and two categories of behavioral factors including assignments and activities, and reinforcement, are identified. To gather data, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to capture instructors' views on how these factors influence individual and social learning. The findings reveal that instructors consider analytical, reasoning, and synthesis abilities to be more critical than memorization skills. Additionally, social and cultural backgrounds significantly shape learners' broader learning styles. Properly organized teaching materials and a conducive classroom environment were seen as enhancing student learning, while the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in teaching had both positive and negative impacts. Furthermore, appropriate prior individual knowledge was found to facilitate learning, while shared group knowledge promoted peer-to-peer learning. The instructors all agreed that both individual and group assignments provided opportunities not only for the students to apply theories in practice, but also for instructors to check how well the students learn these theories. They also thought that the rewards reinforcements for students worked better than punishments. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of instructors' insights into the cognitive and behavioral influences on individual and social learning, offering valuable implications for improving educational practices.

Jessa T. Samoy   Paula B. Antonio   Klyn Alexandra C. Bulanan   John Michael Van O. Santiago   Queen Julie C. Solomon   Bessie May B. Soriano   and Jay C. Santos   

Online classes induced psychological and academic challenges for college students in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies on the influence of hope and social support were conducted prior to the onset of the pandemic. Given that an overwhelming population of college students who were forced to engage in online classes, a new experience for most, it is argued that academic resilience may be compromised. Hence, this study examined the extent to which hope and social support predict the academic resilience of college students who held classes virtually. Using an online survey, 641 (258 males; 383 females) college students in a large public university in the Philippines completed the questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to address the research objectives. Results found that 38% of the variance in academic resilience can be explained by hope, , , and 14% by social support, , , indicating that hope and social support both predict academic resilience. We also found significant sex differences in academic resilience, with female college students scoring higher than their male counterparts, , . These findings provide an understanding of hope as an internal factor and social support as an external factor in facilitating an academically resilient college student population. This study proves the importance of the variables of interest in the conduct of context-based and gender-based resiliency interventions for college students.

Elsiddig Idriss Mohamed   Hussein Eledum   and Rahmtalla Yagoub   

This study examines the influence of first-year courses on students' GPAs at the University of Tabuk using multiple linear regression analysis. Ridge regression is utilized as a remedial approach to addressing multicollinearity among the predictor variables. Additionally, the backward elimination method is employed to refine the model by systematically removing non-significant predictors, ensuring the selection of the optimal regression model. The analysis focuses on six departments within the Faculty of Science: Mathematics, Statistics, Biology, Physics, Biochemistry, and Chemistry, using data from three semesters of female students admitted in 1444. The results indicate that courses including English (ELS), Chemistry (CHEM), and Islamic Culture (ISLS) consistently have a positive impact on GPAs across most departments. Conversely, Communication Skills (CID) negatively affect students' GPAs in the Mathematics department. The Chemistry and Biochemistry departments demonstrate the highest consistency in positive impacts, suggesting effective course structures, while the Mathematics department shows several insignificant coefficients, highlighting potential areas for curriculum improvement. The findings underscore the importance of strategic course selection and curriculum review to enhance academic performance and support student success during the first year. Recommendations include revising less effective courses and providing targeted support for challenging subjects. This study provides a novel and detailed analysis of how specific first-year courses influence GPAs in different departments of the University of Tabuk.

Peyman Nouraey   Ali Al-Badi   Leila Akbarpour   Jenna Engelhart   and Behnam Nouraei   

The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the General Foundation Program (GFP) in the Sultanate of Oman. This is a prerequisite program for nearly all undergraduate students at both government and private higher education institutions. Kirkpatrick's model of program evaluation was used as the main framework of the study. This model consists of four elements spread over the evaluations of reaction, learning, behavior, and result. These factors determine whether an educational program is effective or not. To that end, this study examines various components of the program via a thorough evaluation. These were evaluations of a) curriculum, b) homework, c) facilities, d) classroom environment, e) program content, f) students' levels, g) use of learned materials, and h) program effectiveness. Data were collected from 177 students and 11 educators through author-designed questionnaires. In addition to fixed responses for both surveys, the educators' questionnaire contained open-ended questions. Data were collected based on a 5-point Likert scale and text analyses were completed through human processing. To find statistically significant differences among the frequencies of participants' responses, the chi-square procedure was applied. Results revealed statistically significant differences among the responses of both participant groups, with the effective option being significantly more (≤0.0001 for both groups). Some suggestions were also given by the educators to improve the program. Finally, a SWOT analysis was carried out to discuss the findings and results of the study. All in all, it was concluded that while the GFP has improved as compared to studies carried out in the past, there are still challenges, weaknesses, and threats that need to be considered by the educational policymakers and other concerned educational authorities in Oman.

Sariati Talib   Bity Salwana Alias   and Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore   

STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is essential for preparing students to face 21st-century challenges, which demand critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and innovation. The success of implementing STEM education depends on teachers' readiness, as they play a key role in integrating STEM elements into their teaching. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect teachers' readiness is crucial to ensure the effective delivery of STEM education. This article is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzing 31 recent research articles to explore the main factors influencing teachers' readiness to implement STEM education. The findings indicate that policy support, continuous professional development, deep pedagogical knowledge, and the use of new technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics are critical. Factors such as self-confidence, attitudes toward STEM education, and teaching competencies also significantly impact teacher readiness. Effective strategies include project-based learning modules and mentoring programs. For Malaysia, the implications suggest that a holistic approach is needed to strengthen teacher readiness and ensure the delivery of high-quality STEM education. Further research is recommended to assess the effectiveness of these strategies within the Malaysian context.

Yukiyo Nishida   Atsuko Watanabe   Masuko Miyahara   Maki Ojima   Gaby Benthien   and Kazuko Takano   

COVID-19 profoundly impacted countries worldwide between early 2020 and late 2021 due to travel restrictions, lockdowns, and health risks. Many higher education institutions responded to the health threat posed by COVID-19 by moving their on-campus programs online. Study abroad programs also needed to undergo adjustments, with some universities establishing alternative arrangements. This study uses a narrative approach to examine Online In-Country Study Abroad Program (ONIC-SAPs) from the perspective of Japan-based participants, academic, and administrative staff who were involved and participated. The program was operated by a university in Japan in collaboration with a partner university in Canada and a global language school during the height of the pandemic. The findings highlight that the advantages of ONIC-SAPs are also seen as the disadvantages of the programs. Acquiring language skills and experiencing intercultural encounters with the aid of technology may become even more common in the future, yet the extent to which this kind of learning is of benefit to all concerned should be considered. The study highlights that there is a need for further research into the content and curriculum of ONIC-SAPs to find ways to improve the value of online learning for all stakeholders, especially for study abroad programs. Although the participants were recruited from the Japanese side only, the findings will resonate with study abroad stakeholders and scholars of study abroad programs worldwide.

Miika Leino   Eila Lindfors   and Emilia Luukka   

Safety education is a combination of values and attitudes wherein safety is considered important and unnecessary risks are not accepted. The aim of safety education is to develop knowledge of proactive and reactive safety measures and procedures, combined with skills, and a will to act safely in an authentic situation. Students' role as part of safety culture is vital because they make up the majority of people in school. Therefore, it is likely that students also make a majority of safety observations in schools. Examining students' safety notice reports as expressions of school safety culture benefits safety education by offering a timely picture of students' real-world safety issues and giving practical examples of what issues are important to address in teaching safety. To recognise timely topics on safety education in comprehensive education, our study asks: What kind of safety observations do comprehensive education students consider worth filing when using an online safety reporting form? The data consist of safety notice reports (N=60) filed by comprehensive school students between November 2022 and June 2023. The safety notices were collected using an online form accessed through a web-application and via one of the pilot schools' own safety notice reporting system. Safety notices could concern events and observations made by the reporting individual or be made on behalf of another to keep the reporting threshold low. The safety notice reports were analysed and classified according to dimensions of safety in learning environments.

Kelechi Victoria Emeribe   John Atewhoble Undie   Samson Onyekachi Udeh   and Mary Mark Ogbeche   

This study examined institutional culture and academic service delivery among lecturers in public tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria. Six hypotheses were tested in the study. A correlational research design was adopted for this study. The population of this study comprised 3,431 lecturers in all public tertiary institutions in Cross River State. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 685 lecturers from the institutions as samples for the study. Two instruments tagged: (1) Institutional Culture Questionnaire (ICQ) and (2) Academic Service Delivery Questionnaire (ASDQ) were used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts in Higher Education and Measurement and Evaluation in the Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies, University of Calabar. The Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to establish the internal consistency of the items. Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis and Multiple Regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated a strong significant positive relationship between institutional support culture and academic service delivery among lecturers in tertiary institutions in Cross River State. Based on these findings, it was concluded that lecturers in public tertiary institutions in Cross River State will deliver their academic services effectively when the institutions are committed to improving the institutional culture variables examined in the study. It was recommended that the management of public tertiary institutions in Cross River State should put in place adequate measures to promote research activities, apply open access digital system, deploy adequate guidance counselors to all departments, ensure regular infrastructural development, and be committed to proper and sincere internal and external accreditation exercise, among other things, to boost the level of academic service among lecturers in the institutions.

Adriana Carolina Torres Escobar   

This qualitative research, situated within a constructivist paradigm, examines how educators integrate and understand interculturality in English language teaching. It investigates the incorporation of intercultural concepts, focusing on cultural attributes and traditions, and evaluates their impact on student engagement and comprehension. The findings reveal that although interculturality is frequently addressed, its application often remains superficial, focusing on cultural celebrations rather than deeper issues such as structural, colonial, and racial dynamics. This approach may reinforce stereotypes and overlook power structures. Following the introduction of curricular principles emphasizing a critical exploration of interculturality including power dynamics, racialization, and historical marginalization, teachers shifted their approaches. They began guiding students toward more profound engagement through research, argumentation, and problem-solving, rather than rote memorization. An analysis of class discussions and student writings demonstrated that students developed a deeper understanding of critical interculturality, articulating complex ideas about power dynamics and historical injustices. This shift underscores the effectiveness of the curricular intervention in promoting a more critical approach to interculturality. The conclusion drawn is that while progress is evident, further development is needed. Recommendations include expanding research to address broader social, political, and cultural issues, providing concrete teaching examples, and developing methods to assess the impact of intercultural education. Schools and policies should support these efforts through professional development and inclusive curricula that address global issues and diverse perspectives. Implementing these recommendations can enhance English language teaching and better prepare students for an interconnected world.

Hansen Zhou   and Hairul Nizam Ismail   

Purpose: This article is expected to bridge the gap in the recent researches on early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) where most researches were centred on children and teaching, in which case, the article attempts to investigate after the COVID-19 pandemic, how to improve the psychological well-being of teachers, a critical component in childhood education, to ensure sustainability in this field from a developmental psychology perspective. Design: Interviews are given to volunteered early childhood teachers from Jiangsu, China to gather information regarding the facts that negatively influenced their psychological well-being and collected data is analysed through thematic analysis to identify the potential factors which might worsen preschool educators’ psychological well-being and explore the possible solutions to improve their status. Member checking is employed to enhance validity. Findings: Several detected factors have significant effects on early childhood teachers’ psychological well-being: work-life balance, teaching efficacy, classroom evolution and career insecurity, which suggests that their psychological well-being is greatly influenced by such aspects and further actions and plans should be designed and carried out to improve their mental well-being. Originality: The article demonstrates the factors that negatively influence early childhood teachers’ psychological well-being and suggests the possible measures to make improvements from a developmental psychology perspective.

Dalia H. Eldardiry   Islam Hamdi Elghonaimy   and Summayya H. Alshehri   

This study explores the impact of the crises on architectural and design education in the Arab region. It focuses on the dramatic effect of crises on students' learning outcomes in core courses in two Gulf universities. The study comprises two sections. The first is a theoretical background based on a comprehensive literature review to ensure the global relevance of this research, and the second is a statistical analysis of data collection. The statistical analysis compared the means of the student's grades for the learning outcome variables of the courses before and after COVID-19. It examined whether the students achieved the course's learning outcomes during the crises. The researchers selected the academic years 2018–2019 for collecting the data before the crisis, and the academic year 2020–2021, during the crisis. The first course results show a significant difference between the two means of skill module variables during and after COVID-19. The results confirm the negative impact of the crises on the efficiency of students taking practical courses requiring higher skill levels. In contrast, the results of the second course show a major difference among the two means of values module variables during and after COVID-19. The results confirm the negative impact of the crises on the efficiency of students in developing their communication methods for improving their work. The results confirm that despite the successful measures taken to reduce the risks of crises by the two universities, to remedy the adverse effects resulting from it, higher education requires the development of a short-term risk management plan within the next two years and the development of a long-term plan for any future surprises. That affects the efficiency of architectural education and design in the labor market to eliminate any future adverse effects on the graduation attributes of fresh graduates of Architecture and Design. The plan should focus on practical activities, training students on risk management, and practicing professionalism.

Chipo Makamure   

This study explores the structures, resources and tools that pre-service teachers on teaching practice are subjected to in order to facilitate learning to teach mathematics. The main issue at hand pertains to the perennial challenges that PSTs encounter when attempting to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge acquired in institutions of higher learning and its practical implementation within the classroom setting. The variation between theoretical expectations of teaching and actual practices in the classroom has been a relational lacuna in academic research worldwide. This dissonance between theory and practice in the field could hamper the PSTs' opportunities for academic success during TP. It is therefore necessary to address comprehensively the issue of the resources, tools and structures that can assist in marrying theory and practice in order to enhance mathematics proficiency of PSTs during TP. This was a mixed methods study based on an exploratory sequential design. University supervisors, school-based mathematics mentors and mathematics pre-service teachers participated in the study. All the groups responded to the interview questions whilst PSTs and school-based mentors answered questionnaires over and above the interviews. This study found that PSTs' knowledge for teaching mathematics was stifled by several factors that included improper and insufficient training to equip university and school-based mentors with the necessary mentoring skills. The PSTs hence were mostly left manning the classrooms on their own as relief teachers. However, while PSTs probably needed exemplary models from their mentors throughout the TP period, they sometimes needed to be independent thinkers. The study also found out that a lack of the tools such as ICT and technology augmented the challenges faced by PSTs when teaching mathematics during TP.

Khairunnisa Azmar   and Abu Bakar Razali   

English academic writing holds an integral part in higher education. It entails a formal style of writing where writers are compelled to follow academic writing conventions to support their claims and arguments in writing. Despite the importance of English academic writing, majority of lecturers and students especially those in the context of English as second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) view English academic writing as challenging to teach and learn. This is because writers are obliged to utilize their cognitive, writing, and academic literacy skills while also having to use English language that might not be well familiar to them. This article reports on the issues faced by ESL lecturers in teaching English academic writing and issues in learning English academic writing among students in the Malaysian tertiary context. The authors also highlighted a few gaps identified from previous studies and suggested a few suggestions for teaching and learning English academic writing and recommendations for future research to help close the gaps. This review would benefit related stakeholders especially ESL lecturers and students at the tertiary level, higher education institutions and curriculum and policy makers.

Gengen G. Padillo   Regine Marie L. Palicte   Josephine L. Palicte   Marcela C. Gabuya   Ramil P. Manguilimotan   Raymond C. Espina   Reylan G. Capuno   Jonathan O. Etcuban   and Janneka Fae C. Capuno   

This research examined the parents' awareness, teachers' praxes, and problems encountered using a Montessori Teaching Method in district schools of Cebu City under the Department of Education, Cebu City Division, for the school year 2019 – 2020 as the basis for a Four-Pronged Intervention plan. With descriptive research as its design and quantitative method being employed in this recent study, the administration of the survey has been made with critical observance of the ethical standards and data privacy. Moreover, frequency, simple percentage, Likert scale, weighted mean and Chi-square test have been utilized in the inference of the gathered data. The empirical results revealed that many of the teachers and even parents were aware of the educational philosophy and teaching method devised by Montessori. Though issues and problems being encountered, several respondents, nonetheless, have acknowledged the essentiality in their practice of such methods. Therefore, it is concluded that the teachers are already oriented and have facilitated the instruction following the Montessori teaching method despite some minor and manageable obstacles. It is somehow proposed that future investigation shall further look into why there are still Kindergarten pupils who are not faring well in some occasions and circumstances.

Fadil J. Abbagidi   and Mulugeta Tsegai   

Understanding why certain policy choices were made, why they worked or failed, and the distal and long-term consequences they produced requires a rigorous analysis. Analyzing the existing language policies in the Ethiopian education system requires an in-depth understanding of the policy alternatives available, the rationale behind the policy choices made, the results achieved through endorsing the policy options and, the planned and unplanned effects of the policy adopted. This manuscript, therefore, presents a detailed account of language policy in the Ethiopian education system with particular emphasis given to the general education system. Through utilizing a systematic content analysis approach, the paper attempted to explicate the competing assumptions that shaped the development, implementation and evaluation of language policies in the Ethiopian education system. The review revealed the existence of various competing assumptions that influenced the adoption and implementation of language policies in the Ethiopian education system. The political ideologies espoused remained to be one of the fundamental forces that shaped and influenced the selection and use of instructional language policies in Ethiopia. Similarly, the quest for cultural pluralism and the right to use, develop and promote one's cultural, traditional and linguistic heritages in the education was observed to be one of the pillars of the longstanding struggles between competing claims. Apart from this, global dynamics such as international relations, colonialism, UN declaration of universal human rights, the global commitment to EFA, MDGs and SDGs played a salient role in influencing Ethiopia's education policy in general and the language policy in particular. The existence of such diverse interests often challenged the successful implementation of the policy which also impacted the quality of the instructional process, students' rate of learning and achievement. Based on the review results, the implications of the findings on language policy, quality of education, instructional process and teachers' professional development are discussed.

Arinola O. Olaleye   and Femi S. Akinwumi   

This study investigated the role of family conflict as a determinant of students' academic achievement. A questionnaire was designed to elicit the students' perceptions on the presence of conflict in their family settings. This was accompanied by an administration of self-constructed achievement tests in Mathematics and English Language. Two hundred and forty five (245) students were sampled from eight senior secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The empirical analysis was accomplished by a mix of frequency counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test. Findings revealed that majority of the students were affected by family conflict which is often demonstrated in their presence by their parents. It was also revealed that the students' achievement tests were considerably low. The status of students' family conflict was then statistically analysed relative to their scores on the achievement tests. The t-test analysis showed that the family conflict is a significant driver of students' academic achievement. In particular, students from conflicted families scored lower than their counterparts from no-conflict families. Furthermore, it was found that female students had a higher pass rate than male students. This may be connected with general attention deficit that the male students are described with. It is therefore recommended that school authorities should call the attention of parents to the dragging role of family conflict on their children's academic achievement. They may also be counselled on using appropriate conflict management mechanisms, given that conflict is inherently unavoidable in human interaction.

Lusanji Liza Minishi   Chomba Bernard Mugo   Nafula Elizabeth   and Abuyeka Miima Florence   

The use of computer-based scaffolding (CBS) is one of the 21^st century pedagogies being embraced in education. Home Science is a practical subject taught in primary and secondary schools in Kenya. Culinary is an area of Home science which imparts learners with knowledge and skills on methods of cooking, food hygiene, food nutrients, nutritional disorders, food preservation, flour mixtures, réchauffé cookery, convenience foods, meal preparation, management and service. The competencies mastered in Culinary in primary and secondary schools empower the learner to practice principles of good health with respect to themselves and others in their environment. Moreover, the learner is enabled to manage and improvise resources, develop artistic skills and values in making of appropriate food choices. They also learn to prepare, cook, serve food and drinks from given ingredients, adhering to the principles of nutrition and individual requirements. To meet the current requirements of the rapidly shifting culinary industry, students need to be taught using modern strategies. CBS in teaching and learning of culinary concepts and skills involves the application of computer-based technologies (CBT) to engage learners in problem-based situations, through models, simulations or visualizations to introduce new knowledge. CBS employs the use of pictorials, educational cooking videos, live streams which are accessed online and recorded cooking shows from media agencies. The purpose of this study was to establish the use of computer-based scaffolding in fostering the learners' culinary competences in secondary schools in Kenya and the sample size was drawn from the learners and teachers of Home science and Nutrition. Quasi-experimental design was adopted and the findings showed that Computer-based scaffolding in teaching and learning yielded positive results.

Bousnguar Hassan   Najdi Lotfi   and Battou Amal   

A simple and robust information system that can streamline data analysis and reporting, provide valuable assistance to decision-makers is needed. The decision-making process is an obligation in different fields, especially in higher education, which suffers from a lack of such platforms. In this work, we have proposed a solution that will manage enrollment forecasting models in higher education institutions. The capabilities of forecasting models cannot be fully exploited without a platform that facilitates and optimizes access and management of forecasting tasks. In this work, we utilized the MVC model to develop and propose an architecture capable of creating a forecasting platform tailored to the specific context of higher education. The proposed solution, named StraDForcst (Strategic Decision Forecast), is a platform developed using the most popular and suitable technologies in our context. We used the Flask framework, considered one of the most widely used Python frameworks. We employed multiple data sources, including an Oracle 11g database for constructing our time series and several other MySQL databases for model backup and restoration. This solution was applied and tested using real data from Ibn Zohr University, and it has yielded promising results.

Zhong Ying   and Li Jing   

The aim of this study was to explore the distance teaching method of the British and American Literature. The study is carried out from five aspects: the narrative, the time, the aesthetic, the value, and the moral distance. Literature teachers should keep the narrative distance to balance the complex and ever-changing relationship between the author and the readers. While confronted with the time distance, students’ time gap should be filled with the recognition of the structure and the authenticity of the story. The aesthetic distance could be obtained through comprehending the rhetorical techniques applied in the text. The value distance means students’ mastery of the way to hold a neutral attitude towards all values in reading. Both the teacher and the students participate in the active moral construction in terms of the code of ethics to maintain a reasonable moral distance. In this paper, the flipped class model is used to apply the distance teaching method into the pedagogy of the British and American Literature. The online materials easily provide the necessary components to allow an instructor to use a flipped-class approach to teach a hybrid class. The model must be customized and contextualized by each educator. The principles of flipped learning should be taken in contexts to meet the needs of the students. The study indicated that the elucidated relationship among the authors, narrators, characters, and readers, could contribute to grasping the organic relationship between the curriculum and the existence through the application of the distance theory. Thus, it can be concluded that the comprehension of the texts from various distances would help to establish connections between the self and others, the history and literature. It is recommended that the distance teaching method of the British and American literature would provide paradigm reference for the similar and contemporary Literature teaching.

Isabel Ribau   

To perform research, researchers must have scientific skills, communication skills, teamwork and collaboration, organization and time management, attention to detail, problem-solving, data organization and analysis, as well as leadership and interpersonal skills. However, to develop new and cutting-edge knowledge, they should be creative. Creativity is critical for developing original project research in the Ph.D. journey and is a requirement to have a doctoral degree. Ph.D. students in science often apply for scholarships that are connected to their supervisor's project as they may not have sufficient knowledge to construct their own research project at the beginning of their doctorate. They also need time to be integrated into the research work, to create a sense of belonging, and most of the time this implies "fitting the mold" and at the same time forging scholarly identity. So, the development of creativity, originality, and novelty in this context is difficult, as students are "encapsulated" in the supervisor´s project or research team project, and achieving doctorateness in these conditions is challenging. This study explores creativity development among doctoral students in a Portuguese higher education institution. An exploratory case study was conducted where doctoral students completed a survey at the Science and Technology School of NOVA Lisbon University. The survey focused on supervisors' and students' attitudes toward creativity development, teaching and learning methodologies, and types of tasks that can foster creativity at the doctoral level. Ph.D. students don´t see themselves as capable of "pushing the boundaries" of scientific knowledge, and they don´t recognize their supervisors as creative persons. Nevertheless, they recognize the supervisor's effort to develop creativity during the doctorate, and the necessity of participating in scientific meetings and conferences to trigger and foster creativity. The research limitation is the number of participants.

Özgül Gültekin Talayhan   and Mehmet Veysi Babayiğit   

There are many tendencies in learning and teaching environments in terms of accessing new knowledge by researching and applying rather than accessing ready-made knowledge currently. Thus, many learning activities such as experiments and applications are blended with modern technological tools and added to education programmes, and the flipped learning model, whose main purpose is to provide more meaningful and richer learning by presenting the lesson with videos prepared by the teacher and spending time face to face between the teacher and the student, is a pedagogical approach centred on individual learning. Flipped learning can be adapted according to styles, conditions and methods. In this study, 49 master's and Ph.D. theses about flipped learning in the field of education between 2010 and 2023 in Türkiye were examined via the access in the National Thesis Centre Database of the Council of Higher Education. 5 sub-problem research questions were determined and analysed through descriptive content analysis by considering appropriate screening and selection criteria. As a result of the research, the findings regarding the graduate level and language, the research method and design used, the technologies used to implement the flipped learning, the sub-disciplines of the theses and the topics addressed were interpreted.

Isabel Ribau   

Doctoral education is not only the pinnacle of the higher education system but is also the researchers' source nowadays. To achieve the Ph.D. profile (Dublin descriptors framework, 2004), scientific skills are not the only skills that must be developed during the doctoral journey. On the one hand, during the doctorate, a Ph.D. student must develop scientific skills, be trained with technical and theoretical knowledge, develop new knowledge, and be innovative and original, allowing scientific success and the development of science. On the other hand, it must develop soft skills as it should be capable of issuing knowledge in different contexts, but also working with others in different work team contexts (collaborating and/or cooperating) and the awareness of managing emotions and professional relations. During this development, the academic identity is constructed and the integration into the academy and a sense of belonging to a community of practices appears. At NOVA Lisbon University, each year rewards a person inside the university who disseminates innovative practices and contributes to the development of a culture of organizational innovation. In this context, the focus of the present research is the Learning and Innovation Skills of the 21st-century skills proposed by "The Partnership for the 21st Century". This quantitative research aims to capture the Ph.D. students' perception regarding the development of Learning and Innovation Skills (creativity, communication, collaboration, and critical thinking) during the doctorate. This paper draws on the data collected among Ph.D. students in a Portuguese higher education, using a survey, with close questions applied, in July 2022. The results show that Ph.D. students have a positive perception of the development of all these four skills. Nevertheless, they feel less confident in their ability to use critical thinking.

Mikko Mäntyneva   

Developing awareness of intercultural communication is becoming increasingly important in our globalized world, especially in educational settings where individuals from diverse cultures interact daily. This article studies determinants of intercultural communication awareness among 15-year-old students. The three determinants were students' sense of agency regarding global issues, their interest in learning about other cultures, and their awareness of global issues. Based on previous academic literature, a research model was introduced. The research model included six hypotheses for empirical testing. The empirical data were based on the publicly available Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 dataset. The sample included responses from 180,114 students representing 26 OECD countries. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the data. The tested hypotheses revealed significant relationships between the four studied constructs. The results of empirical testing confirm the suggested research model and emphasize the importance of students' global competence and development as global citizens. The findings suggest that students with a higher degree of interest in learning about other cultures are more likely to possess a greater awareness of global issues and a stronger sense of agency. Also, the results support the hypothesis that individuals interested in learning about other cultures are more likely to have a broader global perspective and a greater sense of agency. The paper suggests several concrete measures for educators to support students' awareness of intercultural communication. The study contributes to the emerging area of global citizenship and global competence.

Princess H. Policarpio   

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Whole Brain Teaching (WBT) compared to Conventional Teaching (CT) in enhancing the understanding of Principles of Speech Delivery among Senior High School students. Participants, consisting of a Controlled Group of 42 and an Experimental Group of 43, were randomly assigned to both teaching methods, with the Whole Brain Teaching Method having 43 participants, while the Conventional Teaching Method had 42. The study used Pre-Test and Post-Test objective tests to measure the students' understanding of the topic, and self-administered questionnaires to collect feedback from the students. The results indicated that the students in the experimental group using WBT had significantly better performance compared to the control group using CT. The study's findings revealed that the use of WBT in the Oral Communication subject was more effective than CT, highlighting the potential of WBT as an effective teaching strategy for educators to consider. Moreover, the study recommends developing modules and instructional materials using WBT in English subjects to enhance Senior High School students' English language skills. This recommendation is particularly important in a globalized world where English proficiency is increasingly valued. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of WBT to improve language learning outcomes, further emphasizing the benefits of incorporating WBT as a teaching strategy. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing discussion about effective teaching strategies and provides practical recommendations for educators to enhance their teaching practices and improve their students' learning outcomes.

Meena Jha   Smitha Shivshankar   Sweta Thakur   and Sanjay Jha   

Assessment is vital to the education process. However, concerns exist regarding assessment types and how they can be helpful in students' learning. Summative assessments are used as a measure to evaluate what students have learned at the end of the unit. The time invested in providing feedback on summative assessments does not help much to improve students' learning. Receiving ongoing feedback is known to be very helpful and beneficial for students' learning. Summative assessments are specifically amalgamated into the unit design as they are graded and are used to measure the success of students in the unit; however, the status of how universities are using formative assessments to support students' learning and if they are specifically assimilated into a unit design is still not very clear. Academics choose to provide feedback to students in different ways; however, it is also important that students get systematic feedback in the form of formative assessments that will help enhance their learning. As learning programming is considered one of the challenging units for students, this paper explores how Australian universities have assimilated formative assessments in the design of programming units at the undergraduate level. This will lay the groundwork for making formative evaluation necessary, so that they can be clearly incorporated in the unit outline, establishing a positive culture of continual feedback and learning.

Micelia Mabin   and Sukanto Roy   

The English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms in Bangladesh, in most cases, cannot be regarded as the epitome of an ideal pedagogical setting given that the schools mostly make use of conventional teaching utilities (e.g. blackboards and textbooks) and revolve largely around the teachers' lectures. The study aims to answer whether multimedia can furnish a teaching-learning environment that is collaborative, inventive as well as effective. The very first objective of this research was to answer if any newer teaching methods or aids can be incorporated with the help of interactive multimedia. Based on the results, several newer teaching aids such as videos, online games, problem solving tasks, songs, animation, PowerPoint presentations, and infographics can be integrated through multimedia. The other objective was to investigate whether a lack of multimedia in classrooms disrupts productive teaching. The research revealed that the absence of multimedia brings about subsequent problems- crucial language skills such as listening are often ignored, understanding of a topic might be constrained as baffling topics cannot be elucidated further with audiovisual aids, merely lecture-based classes tend to be tedious and less effective in grabbing the young learners' attention. The result of the survey, based on the data collected through a mixed method approach from 33 teachers, was tremendously optimistic in that it corresponded to the anticipated effectiveness of multimedia in an EFL classroom. Thus, to improve the current pedagogical system, it is suggested that the government make available funding to schools to install multimedia infrastructures and offer training to teachers on the effective use of multimedia.

Tomoko Arikawa   

This paper adopted the perspectives of international students opting for non-academic careers to examine the long-term influences of graduate education on such individuals. The author is engaged in conducting follow-up ethnographic research on Indonesian students who had studied in Japan. However, the present examination involved four Indonesian employees of a government agency who had accomplished graduate studies in Japan and one other country. It assessed how these returnees educated internationally at more than one location reflected on, compared, and analyzed their experiences. The present study also evaluated how the four individuals interpreted and utilized their overseas learning in their work. They compared and appraised aspects such as research practices and relationships between Japan and other countries. Additionally, their international graduate education influenced their values and work-related practices as well as their interpersonal relations in their workplaces. Their past experiences and the learning acquired through them, including their graduate studies at different places, were continually utilized in the course of tasks accomplished with colleagues from discrete backgrounds and experiences. These findings of this study will help to bridge the gaps in the existing studies on international students educated at a single overseas location. The study results will also fill the lacunae observed in the extant studies on graduate education. Most scholarly discussions on graduate education entail the majority of students in a local context. However, the examination of the experiences of international graduate students from a different perspective can clarify certain problems related to graduate education. More research adopting a long-term perspective must crucially be conducted to examine how international students apply their past experiences of graduate studies abroad in their subsequent careers.

Hermayawati Hermayawati   

This action research investigated schematizing CLLA (Cultural Language Learning Approach) in the educational taxonomy by involving 40 secondary and higher education English teachers coming from Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines through webinar workshop series. The participants were introduced to the use of CLLA for their teaching by enhancing Bloom's FCPM (Factual, Conceptual, Procedural, and Meta-cognitive) knowledge dimensions. The gathered data were questionnaires and in-depth observation results on the online peer-teaching activities which were then analyzed descriptively and validated using peers-debriefing. The highlighted focus of the questionnaires was on their understanding of CLLA principles while the observation focused on their teaching performance using CLLA by exploring the FCPM in the tasks given. This study revealed as follows: (1) results of the analysis of the questionnaires showed that the teachers never used cultural discourse as their teaching materials, (2) intervention results showed the teachers' improvement in understanding the principle of CLLA, (3) in-depth observation towards the peers teaching practice showed that they were able to use CLLA embedded by the FCPM, and (4) They realized that various local cultures can enrich their teaching materials sources. This study recommends that CLLA can be practically and theoretically beneficial for future studies.

Khaled Hussein   Jassem Al Jaber   and Ali Fawaz   

Student-athletes (SAs) need more from their education than just what their learning styles require. Additionally, they require an education that takes into account their restricted time and energy, as well as the psychological requirements brought on by their obligations to their sporting teams and attendance duties. SAs should develop the leadership and behavioral traits that help them represent themselves, their teams, schools, and nations as representatives of their institutions. Therefore, the cognitive and behavioral education supplied to regular students should not be the only components of the SA educational experience. It should also include future navigation and cross-cutting skills. In this study, a holistic framework for educating SAs is developed to ensure that their education is well-planned. This framework is based on readiness frameworks defined by educational institutions such as UNESCO and ACT. It highlights four constructs that play a major role in ensuring the readiness for SAs' to continue their education and professional development. The four constructs are classified into two groups: Educational Readiness and Career/professional Readiness with a focus on sport-related career paths. The study found that each construct includes a group of learning skills required for SAs based on their learning profile.

Isaac Nyame   Maxwell Kwesi Nyatsikor   and Edward Kofi Ntim   

The study explored teachers' perceptions about promoting social justice for primary school learners with special education needs and disabilities in the Tamale Metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. The study population comprised all public primary school teachers in the Tamale Metropolis. A total of 324 public primary school teachers from 46 randomly selected schools in the Municipality participated in the study. A close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection and analysed using Mean and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The results suggested high teachers' knowledge and awareness of social justice dimensions. Also, there was a strong correlation between teachers' awareness and safeguarding and promoting social justice for learners. Though teachers indicated they had the skill to adapt the curriculum to the needs of the special learners, they preferred a different curriculum designed and implemented for them. The study recommends sustaining and intensifying teachers' awareness, skills and capacities to safeguard and promote the educational rights of all learners entrusted to them, regardless of their varying abilities and disabilities.

Xing Chun   and Tang Lina   

With computer networks and mobile terminals as the main connection links, information technology has been increasingly incorporated into college English teaching to optimize teaching contents, teaching resources, teaching elements and teaching components into a complete whole and construct an informationized teaching environment so as to improve teaching efficiency. In the context of informationized education, college English teaching and researching need to keep pace with the education development by actively applying information technology into its teaching practices. Based on this cognition, English Teaching of Featured Chinese Culture managed to take full advantage of its blended massive online open course (MOOC), network-based teaching platforms, and intelligent teaching systems to incorporate relevant information technology elements into its teaching process by constructing informationized learning environments to motivate students' learning interests and desires, renovating ubiquitous learning approaches to optimize students' learning methods and progress, and implementing multimedia product+ assessments to upgrade students' learning processes and outcomes. Incorporating information technology into the teaching process of English Teaching of Featured Chinese Culture was expected to meet students' increasing needs for computer network and mobile terminal-based ubiquitous learning and improve teaching efficiency, hopefully providing feasible references and enlightenments for other college English courses to renovate their information technology-supported teaching endeavors.

Besherova Gulnur Toredurdyevna   

There is a common belief among methodologists that students who do oral activities learn the language material more quickly than those students who do any other type of learning activities. As teachers of English language, we are asked to boost the communicative aspect of our lessons. Majority of Turkmen students who study at higher educational institutions are reluctant to speak, therefore the speaking course which will enable them to communicate in their target language is of much need. Consequently, this paper under consideration focuses on the syllabus design of that speaking course that will be suitable for the needs of 1^st year Turkmen students who study English at higher educational institutions of Turkmenistan. Classroom observation, informal conversation, surveys and interviews were used to gather data in order to identify characteristics of the speaking skill and to suggest some methods for practicing speaking and providing feedback. Data was collected from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students and teachers who work and study at the Turkmen National Institute of World Languages in order to conduct the research. Following that, the gathered data were analyzed applying qualitative and quantitative methods and using the descriptive approach. The conducted research enabled the author to design a new syllabus based on the needs analysis questionnaire. The research paper under consideration contributes to the Methodology of teaching English language in terms of its relevant findings on improving the speaking skill of Turkmen students and newly-developed syllabus which will ameliorate the efficiency of the English lessons. This paper's results will be applicable in selecting necessary learning strategies and styles for language speaking course for 1^st year students, almost certainly in any higher educational institute with Turkmen sociocultural context.

Chunrong Sun   and Ka Lee Carrie Ho   

This study explores the relationship between student teachers' beliefs and practices in early Chinese literacy instruction. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observation, and document analysis were conducted with six student teachers during their teaching practices. Findings indicated that the student teachers believed explicitly teaching literacy skills and imperceptible acquisition of literacy abilities through communication and meaning-making processes are essential in Chinese early literacy learning. However, they mainly taught Chinese literacy skills in their practices, which means the student teachers still needed to practice what they preached fully. The study suggests that possible reasons for the discrepancies include 'direct teaching' and 'rote learning' might be much easier for student teachers to design and conduct a lesson. Student teachers have limited abilities and experiences in conducting an ideal lesson, and the kindergarten curriculum and onsite supervisors highly influenced their teaching practices. The findings from this study suggested that more operational activities (such as designing lesson plans and conducting micro-teaching) should be used during pre-service training. Furthermore, the communication of educational beliefs between the university supervisor and the onsite supervisor should be strengthened.

Emmanuel O Adu   and Sindiswa S Zondo   

EMS is a subject that is taught in general education and training in schools. It prepares learners for individual development thereby enabling them to develop the knowledge and basic skills they need to manage the scarce public resources to meet their basic needs. The study sought to explore teachers' perspectives on the relevance of teaching Economics Management Sciences in schools and to find out the strategies teachers use to teach EMS in schools. Thus, it will shed light on the education policy-makers whether to cut off EMS in schools, refocus it, and/or should it remains as it is. Guided by the interpretive paradigm, this paper employed a qualitative research approach and a phenomenological design. From the eight EMS teachers who were purposively sampled in the four studied schools data were collected using semi-structured interviews and document review. The findings from the study revealed a variety of strategies EMS teachers expedite in the teaching of EMS. However, the findings revealed further that in some schools under study, EMS was taught by teachers without relevant qualifications, and that impedes the effectiveness of teaching and learning EMS. Moreover, the findings revealed that EMS teachers perceive EMS relevant as it assists learners in understanding business and economic principles. On the other hand, some participants revealed that EMS is irrelevant. From the findings, it is recommended that EMS has to be refocused to enhance entrepreneurial skills so that learners learn how to start and manage their businesses, and the increased time allocated to the teaching of EMS was recommended to enhance learners' understanding of EMS. The study implies that for EMS to maintain its relevance, the department of education and policy-makers revise it to enhance learners' understanding and personal development.

Vlaho Kovacevic   Marko Pleslic   and Marin Spetic   

This paper begins with a presumption that participation in the ERASMUS+ mobility programmes in higher education is a factor in developing intercultural competence among students. The key question is not whether people should exist without belonging to a specific cultural community, but how they can live with their cultural others while also belonging to their own culture. In accordance with this, the goal of this paper is to identify if participating in long-term student exchange mobility programmes effects a stronger development of intercultural competence among students. The paper discusses findings of a quantitative research conducted using a survey as the main research method. The results do not show that there will be a significant difference in the level of development of intercultural competence between students who participated and students who did not participate in the ERASMUS+ mobility programme, except in a smaller number of indicators. Therefore, this paper will showcase these results while comparing the findings with similar research for the purpose of exploring methodological challenges for evaluating the impact of new educational approaches and trends.

Ku Mahiran T Nor   Enio Mohd Sufian Kang   Rahimah Jamaluddin   and Mohd Hazwan Mohd Puad   

This study aims to determine the level of student involvement and its influence on the achievement of the final year project (PTA) at the Agricultural Vocational College (KV) in Peninsular Malaysia. The study used a descriptive correlational design, which involved a total of 136 students from 3 agricultural KVs using simple random sampling techniques. Survey questionnaires are used as study instruments. The respondents needed to answer 30 items divided into sub-constructs that were divided into emotional, behavioral, skills and cognitive items. The findings showed that overall, the involvement of Malaysian Vocational Diploma students in the implementation of final year projects was at a high level (M=3.95 and SD=.421). The achievement level of most students in PTA at agricultural KV in Peninsular Malaysia was found to be at an excellent level (grade A) of 69.1%. Correlation analysis shows that student involvement in emotional and behavioral dimensions has a significant relationship with student PTA achievement. However, for the cognitive dimension, there is no significant association with students' PTA achievement. Measures should be taken by various parties to enhance student's engagement as well as to improve agricultural students' achievements in vocational college for the betterment of this field of study.

Sandra Mardešić   

The contemporary research in initial teacher education is oriented towards development of student-teachers’ teaching competences through the reflective approach and experiential learning. In Croatia, in the context of changes in teacher education at the university level within the 'Bologna reform process', a new competence-development curriculum was introduced in initial foreign language teacher education. The development of foreign language teacher competences and their components within the new university curriculum were examined through the application of the reflective approach and a new instrument, the European portfolio for foreign language teachers. The participants in this study were 66 student-teachers of English, French, and Italian from three Croatian universities. Research was conducted during the practical part of their education in Croatian schools. A mixed research method was applied. It included a quantitative analysis of students’ self-evaluations of gained competences according to the descriptors in the portfolio and a qualitative analysis of a semi-structured interview with the participants about their experiences in working with a portfolio. The results of this research show that new foreign language teacher education programs do not sufficiently develop certain components of teacher competences such as the intercultural competence. Even though this component is stressed in the ministerial programs for foreign language teaching in public schools and it is formally included in the university curriculums, the students seem to fail to recognize the connection between language and culture and are more oriented towards teaching methodology of reading, listening, speaking and writing.

Fayza Ahmed Al-Hussini Megahed   

The research aimed to measure the effectiveness of using social media in developing self-regulated learning skills for the first secondary-grade students in history. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical design to construct the theoretical background on social media and clarify the importance and skills of Self -regulated learning skills, the researcher followed the experimental design to measure the effectiveness of using social media in developing the skills of Self -regulated learning skills for the first secondary grade students in history. The researcher prepared a self-regulated learning skills scale, in light of a list of the skills of self-regulated learning, a teacher’s guide, and an activity student booklet were designed. The research was conducted on (68) first-grade secondary students, and the educational experimental approach with two groups was followed, where the sample was divided into an experimental group and its number is (34) students, and a control group of (34) students. The research applied the self-regulated learning skills Scale before teaching both the experimental and control groups and then teaching the unit (Civilization of Pharaonic Egypt) by using the applications of social media to the experimental groups, and by using the usual way to the control group, and then applying the self-regulated learning skills scale after teaching. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group students in the post-application of the self-regulated learning skills scale in favor of the experimental group. Results approved that using social media to teach history has helped students take responsibility for their learning through assignments and tasks performed by students while studying individually or collectively, enabling students to continuously evaluate their learning process. The researcher made several recommendations such as modifying the content of the subjects to become more flexible when used in social media and training teachers to use social media in the teaching process of different subjects.

Fayza Ahmed Al-Hussini Megahed   and Aya Rushdy Abd Al-Razek Al-Dakony   

The research aimed at measuring the effectiveness of using drama approach on developing values of tolerance and acceptance of others in social studies for middle stage students. The researchers followed both the descriptive–analytical design and the experimental design. A checklist and a scale for tolerance and acceptance of others’ skills, teacher’s guide, and activity student booklet were all designed in light of the drama approach. The research was conducted to (60) female first year middle stage students divided into two groups; an experimental group of (30) female students, and a control group of (30) female students. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at (0.01) level of significance between the experimental group mean scores and the control group students in the post application in acceptance of others value scale as a whole and in each dimension separately in favor of the experimental group. Results approved that using the drama approach achieved a level of effectiveness in developing the values of tolerance and accepting others among middle school students. The research concluded that drama approach is highly recommended to be used in teaching generally and in teaching social studies particularly to develop the values of tolerance and acceptance of others.

Wellington Manzi   and Boitumelo Moreeng   

High school economics academic achievement has been poor or at best, mediocre in the Frances Baard District and in South Africa at large. This empirical study explores lesson planning, resources and pedagogical content knowledge as the challenges experienced by Frances Baard Economics teachers in their endeavour to implement the Economics curriculum. Curriculum implementation can be defined as how teachers plan and deliver instructions through the use of specified resources provided. Curriculum implementation is reliant on the teacher’s ability to plan, choose and use available resources. This study makes use of Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) parameters of intentionality, reciprocity and mediation as a theoretical framework. These parameters act as a guide for how Economics curriculum should be implemented. Anchored in the qualitative phenomenological multiple case study, the study is operationalised by three purposefully selected Economics teachers, with varying levels of qualifications and experiences, from different schools which belong to different quintiles. Document analysis, observations and semi structured interviews were used to gather data after which the data were thematically analysed while member checking was used for validation. Although an effort was made to get a representative sample of schools in the Frances Baard District, the results of this study should be generalised with caution since only three schools formed part of this study. The findings of this exploration reveal that some Economics teachers encounter challenges with lesson planning, content knowledge, availability and use of resources. In mitigation to these challenges, the study recommends that the Department of Education should periodically organise workshops where teachers are empowered in terms of the Economics curriculum content, and use of various teaching strategies. It is also recommended that the Department of Education provide current and relevant resources and collaborate with different economics stakeholders.

Hendrik van der Westhuizen   and Leentjie van Jaarsveld   

In modern-day times, there is a continuing debate concerning how much responsibility school leaders and educators have in terms of caring for students' necessities whilst they grow up. While some individuals believe that the responsibility of parentage lies in parents nurturing their children and the sole duty of educational establishments is to provide education, others feel that educators serve as subordinate parents to students. The fundamental legal criteria are outlined in education laws, along with the numerous caring obligations and leadership duties that school administrators must recognize in order to adequately meet students' needs. Being aware of children's demands for care and the viewpoints that many different roles are imposed on them presents school administrators with a variety of difficulties. These difficulties include not having enough time owing to administrative obligations, not having enough money or resources for education and not having the support of students' parents. The theoretical framework includes the ethics of caring theory, which explains how educators and school administrators can carry out their caring mission. The objective of this article was to investigate and report on the correlation between the responsibilities school leaders and educators carry, next to the accountability of parents when it comes to raising their children as students through acts of caring. It is seen that cooperation between parents and educators is ideal for serving students' best interests instead of shifting responsibilities between the two groups. This research was done in the interpretivist paradigm within the qualitative approach. A phenomenological strategy was followed. The research subjects were eight principals and 16 teachers, and data were collected by means of interviews. The data were transcribed, and thematic analysis was done. The investigation revealed that the school leaders had a lot of caring obligations resting on their shoulders, especially when it comes to contributing to the formation of establishing a school climate and culture with an emphasis on caring. Furthermore, the researchers show that both school leaders and educators viewed the role of caring for themselves as a vocation embedded in their teaching careers and preferred it for a living.

Konstantinos Zafiropoulos   Sofia Boutsiouki   Dimitrios Skiadas   Marianthi Karatsiori   and Vasileios Koniaris   

Higher education work experience programs offer students the opportunity to connect the theoretical knowledge of academic studies with the workplace and the acquisition of professional experience. The purpose of this paper is to examine the perceptions of the students of a Greek university regarding Work Based Learning (WBL) with a special focus on traineeships. The paper investigates the students' expectations and conceptions of such a program, the incentives for participation, the difficulties they might encounter during the program and their sense of attainment once it is completed. The data for this study were collected through a survey, which was conducted with an online questionnaire and constituted a case study. The paper used descriptive statistics for the analysis of the data. Students consider traineeships as a form of WBL that is an essential element of their learning and acknowledge that it creates strong linkages between theory and practice. The incentives towards such programs concern mostly the development of hard and soft skills. The existence of many barriers and, most importantly, the lack of relevancy and the mismatches between the content of the academic studies and the work duties are highlighted.

Paula Jegere   and Sarmite Jegere   

The dance teacher takes care of the physical, psychological, spiritual and social development of their students in cooperation, promoting a sense of aesthetic and art, musical education, cultivating a sense of taste, and realizing a healthy way of life. Repeatedly a dance teacher becomes a role model. In order to work successfully in the profession, a dance teacher must be aware of the nature of his work. There are enough conflicting questions about the professional activity of a dance teacher, for example, what are the main professional functions, should a dance teacher also be a choreographer, or is managing a dance group/studio a self-evident professional duty? The answers must be found in the experience of dance teachers. The purpose of the article is to reflect an important stage of the specific research (Research of a dance teacher's professional identity) and to analyze the content of interaction between the components of dance teacher's professional identity. Research basis includes 95% of students from all higher education bachelor dance programs in Latvia. Approximately 11.38% dance teachers from Latvia participated in the research. Respondents were dance teachers with different education level, work experience, age, as well as a wide representation of genres. As a result of the research, the interrelationships and interactions of the dance teacher's professional identity components have been revealed and characterized.

M. Lassri   and H. Lassri   

The study of the relationship between physical quantities with the help of dimensions and units of measurement is essential because it keeps the units the same, helping us perform mathematical calculations smoothly. In this manuscript, we have highlighted the importance of dimensional analysis in learning the physical sciences in secondary qualifying schools. Our study presents the results of exploratory research that we conducted with baccalaureate students from secondary qualifying schools located in the province of Essaouira in Morocco. The objective of this study is to test students' knowledge of the notion of dimensional analysis and its role in learning the physical sciences. We used a questionnaire (Appendix) to collect the data from 123 students. The questionnaire was composed of 8 questions, generally closed to have a specific form of response and to obtain factual information, the completion of questionnaires by students is subject to anonymity. Analysis of this collected data indicated and revealed that many students have difficulty mastering the principle and rules of dimensional homogeneity. Therefore, they are not aware that they are making mistakes if they get inconsistent equations. The results of this questionnaire also reveal a set of constraints and difficulties that hinder the learning of physical sciences in secondary qualifying schools. These difficulties are due to insufficient attention to dimensional analysis, whether in the physical sciences curriculum of secondary education or by teachers of this discipline.

Guangming Wang   Dongli Zhang   Yueyuan Kang   Nan Zhang   Jingxian Shen   and Fenglei Li   

This study mainly discusses the ability to research and innovate of primary and secondary school teachers in China. Stratified sampling was used to investigate 4,661 primary and secondary school teachers from 36 schools in a selected municipality directly under China's central government. The research team used a survey questionnaire with high reliability and validity to assess teachers' ability to research and innovate. With the demographic data of teachers, this paper analyzes the overall level and group differences of teachers' ability to research and innovate. Descriptive statistics, sample mean comparison T-test and one-way ANVOA were used to determine the factors that affect teachers' ability to research and innovate. The results show that Chinese primary and secondary school teachers have good ability to research and innovate, and the ability to teach and research is higher than that of the ability to innovate in education. Differences in teachers' educational background, history of formal teaching education and professional titles would cause significant difference on teachers' ability to research and innovate, but with a small effect size. There are significant differences in ability to research and innovate among teachers serving different school segments, with a size of effect between small and medium. Gender, age and years of teaching have no significant influence on teachers' ability to research and innovate.

Chitose Asaoka   and Atsuko Watanabe   

The current study employed the qualitative approach and explored pre-service teachers’ experiences through initial teacher education and perspectives on becoming an English-as-a-foreign-language teacher. In particular, it examined the influence of both participation in a community of practice and group discussions on their early professional development. An online journal forum was created where eight pre-service teachers from two universities recorded and shared their thoughts, difficulties, and challenges in their initial teacher education over two semesters. They also gave comments and feedbacks to one another online. Participation in an online collaborative community of practice enabled them to negotiate their membership in the community through shared inquiries across grades and beyond universities. While the membership negotiation of some members was still ongoing at the end of the project, others learned to become more responsible and full members in their own respective ways. Over the course of the study, the online community also became a space of safety and trust; a legitimate space for like-minded individuals was provided to discuss teaching and develop their expertise.

Georgia Vaitsidi   and Chrysanthi Skoumpourdi   

The main purpose of this work is to determine the requirements during the design and implementation of inquiry-based teaching interventions (structured and guided inquiry-based teaching), as well as to record their effect on the perception of the area and its measurement by children aged 10-11 in relation with traditional didactic intervention. Initially, the students of three classes completed pre-test with tasks that aimed to detect their knowledge of the concept of area and its measurement. Then three different didactic interventions were applied (traditional, structured and guided inquiry-based), one in each class. Finally, after the completion of the interventions, the students completed a post-test similar to the pre-test in order to compare their answers and to record the results of each teaching intervention. The type of activities and the degree of guidance by the teacher during the interventions were the main criteria for differentiating the design and implementation of the inquiry-based teaching interventions from the traditional one. The results showed that the students of the traditional teaching intervention (TI) had a better general response, both in pre-test and in the post-test, than the other two groups of students. However, a greater improvement in the students' response to the post-test, compared to the pre-test, was recorded in the guided inquiry-based intervention (GIBI), with the structured inquiry-based intervention (SIBI) and the TI following. There was also a greater improvement in the response of low-achieving students, regardless of the teaching method, with students of the GIBI and the TI mid-achieving following. Regarding high-achieving students, greater improvement was observed in students in the SIBI with those in the GIBI following.

Diriba Ragae   Abraham Tulu   and Geberew Tulu Mekonnen   

This study aimed to determine the relationship between prospective teachers' attitudes towards teaching, department placement, and academic accomplishment at Hawassa College of Teachers' Education. Accordingly, the study used a correlational research design. To achieve the objectives of this study, 115 prospective teachers were selected using cluster sampling techniques. Based on the research aims and previous studies, a questionnaire was designed for prospective teachers. The cumulative grade point average (CGPA) results of the prospective teachers were obtained from the college's registrar's office. A one-sample t-test was used to examine prospective teachers' attitudes towards the teaching profession and the college's department placement. In addition, Pearson product-moment analysis was used to measure the relationships between independent and dependent variables. The findings of this study revealed that prospective teachers have considerable negative sentiments concerning teaching and department placement. In addition, there was a negative correlation between prospective teachers' attitudes regarding teaching, their department assignment, and academic accomplishment. On the basis of these findings, it was suggested that the College of Teacher Education should revise the way that prospective teachers are assigned to departments and work with new entry trainees to build their confidence and academic achievement. The government should also prioritise enhancing the teaching profession's prestige.

Figen Yaman Lesinger   Hülya Şenol   and Nesrin Hürriyetoğlu   

Online learning increases the chances of women's access to education. Online learning helps women achieve their educational goals. In addition, it is seen as a potential solution to help women achieve their educational goals and ensure social, cultural and economic development of women worldwide. Because online learning provides flexible learning opportunities open to everyone with freedom of time and space, and facilitates education with the use of technology. In the light of the literature review and because of the scarcity of research about the education of women in North Cyprus, this study aimed to determine the educational needs of women living in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. This is a quantitative study, and the data were collected from 500 volunteers randomly selected women living in Nicosia and Famagusta cities of North Cyprus. A survey generated by inductive method was administered to participants, and the data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0 program. Parametric tests were used in the analysis since the collected data showed a normal distribution. Descriptive statistics, such as percentage and frequency, were used to analyze demographic data. 80.6% of the participants require receiving English language education, 74.6% require social media education, 100% of the participants require receiving courses about baby care, child development, adolescence and mental health, 32.8% of them require healthy nutrition courses, 52.4% require ceramic courses, 98.6% of them would like to take part in a choir to receive music education and 56.4% would like to receive sports training. 50.4% of the participants would like to receive their training at their home as online learning, 88.6% would like to receive their training before noon on weekdays and 69.0% of them prefer to receive synchronous bidirectional interactive type of online learning. In addition, 55.6% of the participants would like to receive this training for free.

John Olayemi Okunlola   and Winston Hendricks   

The Functionality of Secondary Education (FSE) system in Nigeria has become a subject of concern among stakeholders. Evidence shows that many secondary school graduates, especially in rural communities of the country, cannot demonstrate basic skills required by the world of work. However, extant studies often devote more attention to functionality of education, generally, than probable causes of dysfunctionality of the system in rural communities. This study, therefore, investigates the current level of functionality of secondary education (functional literacy, functional numeracy, and functional civic/citizenship competence) in rural communities of Southwestern Nigeria (RCSN). The study was located within a post-positivist paradigm that incorporated the convergent parallel design in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data. The multi-level mixed methods sampling technique was adopted for the study. Three states with the highest rural demography in the southwest zone of Nigeria were purposively selected, while at the second stage, the cluster sampling method was used to select one Local Government Area from each of the three senatorial districts per state. At the third stage, the simple random sampling technique was used to select a secondary school from each Local Government Area. Lastly, proportionate-to-size sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 467 secondary school graduates. The participants for Key Informant Interviews comprised three principals and three senior officials from the Teaching Service Commission and Ministry of Education in each of the 3 states. A research instrument, Secondary School Graduate Aptitude Test (SSGAT) with a reliability coefficient of 0.715 was used for the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The FSE was found to be moderate for Civic/Citizenship Competence (60.8 percent) while it was low for Functional Literacy (50.3 percent) and Functional Numeracy (45.88 percent). The study concluded that urgent interventions are fundamental to stemming the ebbing tide of FSE in RCSN.

Onah Ifeoma Bernadine   Uzoegwu Chigozie Roseann   Ezenma Chimezie Bernard   Okeke Paschaline   and Eze Blessing Ngozi   

This research is focused on determining the impact of web-based learning tools in computer programming language for instructional delivery in computer education in universities in Enugu State. 74 second-year students from Enugu State University and University of Nigeria participated in this research. Due to the manageable size of the population, a total population sampling technique was adopted. The Visual Basic Programming Achievement Test (VBPAT), devised by the researcher, was utilized to collect data for this research. This research adopted Cronbach's Alpha coefficient to test the reliability. Statistic package for social science was used to test the pre-test and post-test. The test scores generated from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using VBPAT. Mean was used to answer the research questions and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to test the three hypotheses formulated that guided the study at a 0.5 level of significance (SPSS). Students in the experimental group were given a structured questionnaire to gauge their interest in learning Visual Basic Programming Language when taught via a web-based learning strategy. Students show a high interest level in learning visual basic programming language utilizing a web-based learning technique. Furthermore, results of the hypothesis test demonstrated a major distinction in mean achievement scores between learners that were trained on Visual Basic Programming via a web-based learning strategy and those trained via traditional teaching technique. For this reason, it was recommended that a web-based learning technique is more effective than traditional teaching methods in enhancing students' Visual Basic Programming achievement.

Gracemary Eloheneke Moluayonge   

Mobile devices have become an inevitable part of the classroom. But how do we ensure that these mobile devices do not negatively influence learning? This study set out to examine what higher education students do when on their mobile devices while in class, why they do this and recommendations were made at the end on how to ameliorate this situation. The study revealed that students bring several mobile devices to class which are frequently involved in off task activities related to communication and seeking information. Moreover, the study revealed that this involvement differs by different academic majors. However, comfortable language does not have an effect on the students' behaviour. Furthermore, it was reported that the reasons for these off task activities are both teacher and student inclined. Thus, to cultivate a more favourable environment for learning in the presence of mobile devices, both teachers and students have a major role to play.

Esra Kaskaloglu-Almulla   

Gifted children have naturally possessed extraordinary intellectual abilities. Identifying and developing them is a challenging task for the teachers. Teachers' role is crucial in the learning and education of gifted children. Besides training, skills, experience and expertise, teachers need to have certain attitudes towards gifted children, understanding their unique needs in the context of other students performing at an average aptitude. The present research aims at finding and analyzing the perceptions of teachers towards gifted students. The study aims to identify gaps in the training and understanding of educators in congruence with how they can better assist gifted students. The study surveyed private and government schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain utilizing a quantitative methodology. Four hundred and ten teachers took part in the survey, however only 400 returned all necessary documentation to be included. The study's findings stated that teachers' positive approach, competence, and ways of perceiving gifted children impact the students' overall growth, potentially even inhibiting their educational advancement. Educators approaching gifted students positively can aid in this, but overall, it was asserted that in many cases, educators simply do not possess the appropriate training and may approach students incorrectly. For example, they may view a gifted student as troublesome. The student is not necessarily a problem student, but rather has become bored with simplified curriculum and has begun acting out, indicating many educators do not know how to identify a gifted student. They may be equally poor at teaching one as well. Research limitations included the number of respondents, which was low for the vastness of this topic. Practically speaking, Implications of the research ensure more specialized training is necessary for educators to identify, view, and educate gifted students appropriately. Social implications suggest the more gifted students an educator cannot accommodate, the more we deprive future generations of their potential genius.

Sasitorn Issaro   and Pallop Piriyasurawong   

This study aims to 1) develop Machine Learning Ecosystem models to enhance grade point averages, and 2) predict grade point averages by modeling Machine Learning Ecosystem techniques, namely, Decision Trees (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), and a Neural Network (NN). Findings from an efficiency comparison of the three models of a Machine Learning Ecosystem in predicting grade point averages showed that DT achieved the highest accuracy of 100.00%. In contrast, NN achieved the second-highest accuracy of 85.83%, and NB achieved the lowest accuracy of 81.67%. For the F-Measure, the F-Measure with DT, NN, and NB was 100.00%, 76.59%, and 70.59%, respectively. Thus, DT was the most appropriate model for a Machine Learning Ecosystem to predict the students' GPA.

Parisa Yeganehpour   and Kaveh Jalilzadeh   

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in the nature of vocabulary and lexical knowledge, as well as how it might be used in language instruction. Despite the fact that many instructors are aware of the value of technology and computers, few utilize them to teach vocabulary in Turkey. As a result, the present research sought to examine the impact of Information and Communication Technology (henceforth ICT) on Turkish EFL students' lexical knowledge. Fifty intermediate EFL students from a Turkish state university were randomly selected for this research. For this activity, they were divided into two groups of 25 participants each. It was decided upon the researchers that the experimental group would get ICT aided language learning for teaching vocabulary. The control group received no special software, and vocabulary was taught using the traditional methods. Both groups received a vocabulary pre-test based on the standard questions. The aim of this test was to make sure that the learners were not familiar with the words in advance. By comparing pre- and post-test results, the researchers discovered that learners exposed to ICT applications scored better than the control group. The study's results may assist both high- and low-stakes holders.

Marianne Viinikainen   Kati Pajunen   Helena Sjögrén   Tuuli Mirola   and Leena Tynninen   

Cooperative learning is a structured way of small group working. The key elements are positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills and group processing. In this study, we create a new approach of networked cooperative learning, and examine how it contributes to the learning of digitalized accounting in real-life problem-solving cases. The interaction between digitalized accounting and cooperative learning has not been studied before. The data consist of qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were gathered from group work, where accounting firms, their customers and students as well as teachers from two educational institutes worked together to find solutions to practical situations digitalized accounting may cause. The quantitative data were collected through a feedback survey with 51 respondents and studied in four groups. The research provides a descriptive content analysis. Our results indicate that networked cooperative learning is an appropriate method for working life collaboration in the context of digitalized accounting. We argue that cooperative learning is helpful in grasping difficult tasks without an exact goal at the beginning. We identified the well-known five key elements of cooperative learning and found two enhancing elements. Learning motivation and usefulness as well as the heterogeneity of the group have a positive impact on learning.

Hareesol Khun-InKeeree   Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob   Irma Rachmawati Maruf   Nurul Madeera Abd Wahab   and Farah Khan   

This study was to determine the perception of secondary school teachers on the competency and application of HOTS in teaching and learning in the classroom. The survey results with this quantitative approach involved 187 secondary school teachers in the Jeli district. The questionnaire instrument used had been modified according to the research needs of the researcher. Statistical methods used descriptive statistics, mean and inference statistics through Pearson's correlation to examine the relationship between teacher competence and the application of teaching and learning among teachers. The findings show that teachers 'perceptions of teachers' competencies and the application of teaching and learning of HOTS in terms of curriculum, pedagogy and assessment are moderate. The analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between teacher competency and the application of teaching and learning in HOTS among teachers. In conclusion, this study is expected to assist teachers, schools, PPDs, JPNs and the education ministry in efforts to improve the successful implementation of teaching and learning in the education system. Ongoing support and development from all sides are essential. Teachers need to equip themselves with the knowledge and practice them in the teaching and learning process to enhance HOTS.

Lucinda Clarke   and Dale Kirby   

The COVID-19 global pandemic has put the growing reliance on international students in higher education into sharp relief. With the increasing emphasis on the value of higher education as both an export market and a revenue generator and the consequent increases in international student enrollment at colleges and universities, higher education leaders are seeking to provide curricula which reflect the global perspectives that students need to work and function within increasingly complex and multicultural work environments. A literature review was conducted to determine how institutions are approaching curriculum internationalization as a way to prepare students as global citizens. This paper explores four rationales for internationalization including the political rationale, the economic rationale, the socio-cultural rationale, and the academic rationale. We also provide an overview of strategies that can be utilized to internationalize higher education curriculum. These are centered on supporting faculty, developing partnerships, international student experiences, language integration, and curriculum learning outcomes. The following four common and evolving approaches for internationalizing curriculum are reviewed: the add-on approach, the infusion approach, the transformational approach, and the social responsibility approach. Several notable shortcomings in these approaches are outlined, and the paper concludes with a number of proposals for future empirical research in this area. This work helps to fill a gap in understanding how to implement these important curriculum reforms.

Samorn Suthipiyapathra   

Situation-based learning is a meaningful learning approach that provides a connection between the classroom and practice in the real world. This study represents an attempt to investigate the effects of situation-based learning on students' sentence writing ability of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and explore students' opinions toward situation-based learning. The samples were 52 students majoring in English Education. The research instruments consisted of a learning achievement test for pre-testing and post-testing, lesson plans, situation-based tasks, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method applied descriptive statistics including Mean, Min, Max, and Standard Deviation (S.D.), and the qualitative method applied content analysis. The results of this study showed that situation-based learning improved students' English sentence writing ability in terms of simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. The results also indicated that situation-based learning enhanced students' sentence writing in terms of sentence completion, complete thought, word use, grammar, and punctuation. Students' opinions toward situation-based learning were explored in three areas: classroom climate, classroom activities, and sentence writing improvement. The results showed that the most advantageous area was sentence writing improvement, while the least adventurous area was classroom climate. This study suggests that situation-based learning should be applied at other educational levels to help students transfer knowledge from the classroom into practice in real life. It is recommended to investigate situation-based learning in terms of problem-solving strategies that students apply to solve problems in real life situations.

Preya Pillay   

By mid-March 2020, major business and education institutions had been closed down. Emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL) became the modus operandi, a solution that affected the most socially disadvantaged students in order to reduce the loss of learning time. This study explored teacher educators' practices, challenges, and opportunities of inclusive curriculum implementation in an ERTL programme during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were obtained using semi-structured interviews via WhatsApp and focus group interviews through Microsoft Teams. Three female teacher educators who teach at the undergraduate level in The School of Education at one higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa have been purposively chosen. The findings suggest that careful selection and sequencing of curriculum content and consideration of spatiality and assessment practices can offer possibility and hope for a blended approach to teaching and learning beyond 2020. However, in charting a way forward, curriculum implementers need to consider the needs of learners and commit to principles of inclusion, social redress and justice within the higher education context. Curriculum implementers need to be much more deliberate and add a sense of urgency to meet the diverse needs of students in a responsive way. Nevertheless, even these challenges offer opportunities to rethink curriculum innovation and routines, and to reimagine and recreate human institutions. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of these findings for curriculum implementation at higher education institutions. The findings also have the potential to ignite debate as it relates to re-imagining the purpose of curriculum and education.

Tiffany Bates   

Technology is present in today's classrooms. Its value has been demonstrated in research, and state regulations have been established to govern its usage. These realities indicate the importance for teachers to feel comfortable implementing technology. However, research shows some teachers feel they are not adequately prepared. In turn, they opt. This study uncovers insights into how prepared Pennsylvania pre-service teachers feel to implement technology into their future classrooms. This research suggests to what degree future teachers feel prepared and considers how they derive a sense of preparedness or a lack thereof. Perceptions emerged through interviews with eleven Pennsylvania pre-service teachers. Findings indicated that most participants felt confident with classroom technologies, but suggested aspects of training that could have better prepared them. Participant insights revealed five key features of teacher preparation programs that affect a pre-service teacher's confidence: experience or training, exploration, student teaching placement, cooperating teacher, and program coursework. Importance: In an effort to prepare Pennsylvania pre-service teachers for technology integration, preparation programs must provide opportunities for hands-on experience, sufficient training, time for exploration, technology-enriched student teaching placements, cooperating teachers who use technology, and technology education that is integrated within the program's coursework. It is possible that if colleges and universities could ensure that pre-service teachers are placed in classrooms with technology and with cooperating teachers who use the tools, other factors could be guaranteed. If pre-service teachers obtain an adequate amount of training and first-hand experience, it is likely that they will feel prepared to use technology upon graduation. This could help alleviate a current problem: technology capabilities are present in classrooms across Pennsylvania, but not all teachers feel comfortable implementing these resources.

Themba Paulos Nkwanyane   Moses Makgato   and Sylvia Manto Ramaligela   

The civil and building construction programme was introduced in 2007 in South Africa as a new Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) qualification. This TVET qualification was intended to ensure an adequate supply of skills in priority areas such as carpentry, roof-work, plumbing, and bricklaying. However, the TVET sector in South Africa has not fulfilled the mandate of providing adequate skills for trades of carpentry and roof-work, plumbing and bricklaying. The purpose of this study was to enquire into students' perceptions of civil and building construction curricula in South African TVET colleges. This study was conducted using a mixed-method research approach and case study design comprised of two TVET colleges. Purposive and convenience sampling was used to identify one hundred and thirty students to participate in the study. The data collection instrument used for this study was a questionnaire directed to civil and building construction students. The study discovered that civil and building construction curricula content need urgent evaluation to keep up with the demand in the industry. The curriculum design of civil and building construction must be revised in line with the demand in the industry. It is discovered that civil and building construction curricula content contains a lot of theory content. This study recommends that civil and building construction curricula content be revised and updated in line with industry demand. The revision process needs to involve all the stakeholders such as the industry, TVET teachers and curriculum planners.

Jooyoung Jeon   and Donghee Shin   

In the modern era, knowledge is plentiful. In this context, it is important for students to understand the creative process of generating scientific knowledge. In this study, we identified how the prior knowledge of different disciplines affects each stage of induction, how each abductive reasoning stage interacts with each other, and what characteristics emerge according to their scientific and historical knowledge in the context of Deoksugung Palace. We developed and applied an abductive reasoning program that teaches scientific and historical knowledge about Deoksugung Palace and analyzed the data with qualitative methods. Students' observations were not consistent across the three activities included in this program. Their observations were categorized into two types, general and scientific. General observations are broad and shallow. Scientific observations involve a brief process of identification and selection, are made in a specific context, focus on specific data, and involve manipulative observations. We reconstructed the circular and reciprocal process of abductive reasoning. The results of this study suggest that abductive reasoning is strongly affected by prior knowledge. If a teacher wants to apply abductive reasoning, they must consider the circular process, characteristics, area of prior knowledge, and each student's abductive or convergent abilities.

Samuel F. Whitley   

The overrepresentation of racially/ethnically diverse students in special education is a well-established malady of public education in the United States with dire consequences for both students and school districts. This manuscript provides a review of federal statutes and pertinent case law, as well as guidance offered by the Office of Special Education Programs that elucidates the need of school districts to check for the overrepresentation of racially/ethnically diverse students in their special education programming. Further, the review indicates that school districts must ensure that students receive a nondiscriminatory special education evaluation. A discussion is presented that offers districts with recommendations for tracking the presence of overrepresentation through the calculation of risk ratios. Strategies for ensuring the delivery of nondiscriminatory special education evaluations are provided including ensuring the fidelity of test administration, norm over-sampling, use of local norms, examination of test invariance, and multi-method/multi-informant assessment process.

Ruth I. Tanimowo   Williams O. Tanimowo   Maureen I. Umeana   and Bethel I. Tabeta   

This research was aimed at determining the retention ability of students in science subjects in secondary schools during the COVID-19 lockdown. Three hypotheses were tested. Descriptive research design was used in this study. The population of the study comprised senior secondary school mathematics students in SS 3 in some selected secondary schools in Delta and Lagos States. The sample used for this study was 125 science students from selected secondary schools, who were willing to take part in the study. The instrument used for this study is the Science Retention Test (SRT). Data obtained were analyzed using SPPS version 25. The Bayesian Statistics was used to test the hypotheses stated for the study. Results obtained showed that the mean and standard deviation of student scores in mathematics, biology and chemistry before the COVID-19 lockdown was 69.50±17.40, while at resumption, their mean and standard deviation score stood at 53.29±17.46, with Bayes value of 4.0, which indicated that the student's scores before COVID-19 lockdown were higher than their retention scores and significantly differed. There was however no significant difference in the retention scores of male and female students in the study area. The mean and standard deviation of the retention score for private school students was 55.4±11.38, while that of the public school students was 51.93±20.41, with Bayes Factor of 4.03 approximately 4.0, which indicated a moderate evidence for the null hypothesis, which stated that there was no significant difference in the retention score of students from public and private secondary schools. Although the lockdown was inevitable, it is recommended that measures be taken to remedy the situation by providing necessary internet devices for the students, so that those from less financially capable homes will be afforded the opportunity to study online in order to help in their retention ability.

Hanan Khalil   Wafa Al-Maawali   and Reham El-Ghool   

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, attention has shifted in an unprecedented way to online teaching. This has required innovative methods within online milieux to empower students learning following their own preferences and rhythm. Employing artificial intelligence (AI) represents a fruitful avenue for designing interactive videos in personal learning environments (PLE), consequently changing the face of e-learning. In this experimental design, a series of ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation) framework-based and quiz-based interactive videos are developed on E-Portfolio instructional content. This study required students to interact with the videos remotely and answer short quizzes to check understanding. Students were required to provide the correct answers to proceed. If incorrect answers were provided, the content was repeated. The level of engagement and design skills were pre- and post-tested on an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 32 students with a total of 64 at Mansoura University in 2019-2020. The results of the study indicate a statistically significant difference for deploying interactive videos on e-portfolio design skills and learning engagement. The study contributes to knowledge of how interactive quiz-based videos as a source of self-feedback for their level of attention, performance and comprehension. The limitation of the study is that it is a small scale and subsequent case studies could be useful. Further studies are recommended to verify the cognitive processes and performance self-assessment nexus.

Johane Hlatywayo   and Sadhana Manik   

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is an exciting development in Geography education locally and internationally. GIS has been part of the senior high school Geography curriculum for over a decade in South Africa. However, matric pass rates in the GIS section of Geography, which is examined in paper 2 of the national examinations, are low. This research was conducted to investigate the teaching methods used by teachers to teach GIS in high schools in the Frances Baard district, Northern Cape Province. The mixed method approach and the multiple-case study design were used for the study. Data from teachers were gathered using a questionnaire, interviews, and lesson observations. The questionnaire was completed by 50 teachers, and 10 teachers were interviewed and observed while teaching GIS topics. Results showed that most teachers used multiple teaching approaches, which were mainly teacher-centred. These included lecturing, explanation, questioning at the expense of learner-centred approaches that were fundamental for GIS instruction. These methods were used due to challenges that teachers faced in GIS teaching including a lack of physical resources to teach GIS, large classes, a lack of proper training, and time constraints. The question of how GIS should be taught in high schools has been a source of consternation among geography educators, more especially in developing countries such as South Africa, where some schools lack resources such as computers, GIS software, internet connectivity, and electricity connection. The utility and value of having GIS in the curriculum, such as promoting e-education generally, cannot be achieved if there is no systemic initiative to create appropriate environments and skills for teachers entrusted with teaching GIS. The current teaching approaches used fail to propel GIS to better learning and understanding by the learners. This is reflected by the ongoing low pass rate in the GIS section nationally. The study proposes a paradigm shift in the way GIS is being taught in high schools. Teachers should use teaching methods that are learner-centred. Students would then actively create knowledge through their own GIS experiences as a result of the learner-centred teaching methods. We argue that GIS topics should be taught in GIS laboratories, where learners are taught both theory and its practical application.

Nevine El Souefi   

Effective teachers' professional learning requires teachers' engagement in a systematic inquiry into their practice. Reflection and action allow teachers to verify new concepts in context. The recurrent use of lesson reflective questionnaires can help teachers systematically reflect on their practices and use it to reach critical reflection and reframe learning. The study examines the effectiveness of a suggested lesson reflective questionnaire design based on a critical reflection framework. Seven teachers were given three questionnaires to reflect on three lessons they chose for six weeks. At the end of the six weeks, data were collected through one focus group discussion, a review of teachers' answers to the questionnaire, and three in-depth interviews. Results showed that the lesson reflective questionnaire design did not reach critical reflection leading to reframing learning. An adapted version of the lesson reflective questionnaire is presented that reaches critical reflection, encourages reflection-in-action, and is more likely to reframe learning.

Raohul Ilhami   and Endang Widjajanti Laksono   

The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has changed the education system. Teachers are encouraged to continue the online teaching process through certain platforms including Skype, Zoom, and Google Meet. Therefore, this study used Zoom application to look at the 7E learning cycle model's (7E LC) effect on student activities and critical thinking skills in chemistry teaching. This study is a quasi-experiment and only has a post-test design. The sample for this study is 11th-grade students from Yogyakarta 4 High School in Indonesia selected by random sampling technique. Two classes were selected as the samples, one as an experimental class where the 7E LC was implemented and another one as the control class where the learning used direct instruction model. The student's learning activity data were collected through questionnaire and the student's critical thinking skills data were obtained through an open-ended hydrolysis problem test. According to the MANOVA model, the difference between students' learning activities and students' critical thinking ability is analyzed. The result of this study is that there are significant differences in student activities and critical thinking skills between the experimental class and the control class.

Anthony Mpisi   and Gregory Alexander   

The purpose of this paper is to report on white teacher perceptions of the characteristics associated with multicultural education and the related classroom practices in promoting Cultural Responsive Teaching (CRT) in historically white schools (HWS) in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The pre-democratic South African education system was characterised by inequality based mainly on race. There were enormous inequalities between the education provided for blacks and whites. The advent of a democratic South Africa in 1994 made it possible for black learners to enroll at HWS. The majority of schools reacted by assuming an assimilation approach. This resulted in a number of challenges for HWS's. The authors argue that the promotion of CRT in HWS's could serve as a bridge to address the diversity divide experienced in most HWS's. The researchers are elected to employ the quantitative research method, to ascertain white teachers' perceptions of the characteristics of multicultural education and their perceptions of multicultural classroom practices in promoting CRT in HWS's in South Africa. Some of the findings of the study indicate that white teachers regard the eradication of fear and suspicion as an important multicultural characteristic to promote CRT.

Agnes Pakombwele   and Maria Tsakeni   

There is a growing interest in the teaching of science in early childhood development (ECD) classrooms the world over. This has led to some countries crafting and implementing policies that ensure the teaching of science process skills. This study explored the teaching of science process skills in ECD classrooms of Zimbabwe through an interpretive multiple case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, lesson observations, still photographs and field notes from four purposively selected ECD teachers. Findings show that the participants had knowledge of science process skills namely, communication, observation, measuring, comparing, classifying, predicting and inferring. The study found that science process skills were best taught using child-centred approaches such as explorations, play, experiments and guided discovery because such methodology encourages an active participation of learners. Effective teaching of science process skills in prepared science environments lays a foundation of acquiring scientific knowledge, content and skills in young learners. The study concluded that participants' knowledge and experience of teaching science process skills afforded them a strong foundation for developing science skills in ECD learners. Hence, there is a need for parents and school administrators to support teachers through resource mobilisation, provision and allocation. The study recommends the ECD teachers to teach science process skills as a way of perpetuating the nation's goal of introducing STEM subjects in ECD classes.

Abeer Yassin Ayed Tbaishat   Mohd Norowi Ali   and Wun Thiam Yew   

This study aimed to investigate the effect of digital mind maps on rational numbers and creative thinking among Jordanian seventh-grade students. The quasi-experimental approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The study applied a sample of 120 male and female students of the seventh grade. The results of the study showed that there were differences in the students' responses in the rational number achievement test, and there was an apparent difference between the responses of the experimental group's students compared to the results of the control group's students, and that these differences were in favor of the females compared to males. It was also found that there was an interaction between the teaching method and gender in the achievement of seventh-grade students in the post test. The results of the study also showed that there were differences in students' responses to the creative thinking test, and there was no clear difference between the results of the experimental group's responses and the results of the control group's students' creative thinking test. The results also showed the existence of an interaction between the teaching method and the gender in the creative thinking of the seventh graders in the post test. The study recommended the necessity of conducting a study similar to the current study on subjects other than mathematics in different educational stages (primary, intermediate, secondary, and university).

Tafai Mapapali Gladys   and Tsakeni Maria   

This paper stems from the notion that the redesigning of effective continuing professional development (CPD) should be informed by teachers' perspectives. CPD is described as the lifelong education of professionals on specialized knowledge, skills, attitudes and ethical and moral values after the initial registration and admission to the profession. This qualitative study used sense-making theory (SMT) and the Desimone framework for effective professional development to explore how CPD activities had shaped the teachers' perspectives on the Lesotho integrated curriculum innovation. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews and lesson observations, with four primary school teachers purposively selected from Leribe and Berea districts in Lesotho. Data were analysed using thematic and descriptive content analysis techniques. The findings of the study showed that the teachers' perspectives on the curriculum project that were shaped by CPD, were their beliefs on the use of learner-centred approaches, their perceptions on the use of integrated assessment approaches, their attitudes towards the usefulness of the integrated curriculum and their beliefs on whether teacher development influenced learner outcomes. The study recommends that CPD should be designed to have a greater influence on teachers.

Adeleke Foluso Florence   Adesua Veronica Olubunmi   and Jimola Folasade Esther   

This study examined the relationship between communication skills and teacher effectiveness in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used a survey-type descriptive research design. All teachers and principals of public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria, were included in the population. The sample for the study was 330 respondents which comprised 300 students and 30 principals selected from 30 secondary schools through simple random sampling technique. The study employed two self-designed questionnaires, the "Communication Skills Questionnaire" (CSQ) and the "Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire" (TEQ). The instruments were examined for reliability and confirmed by research specialists. The test-retest technique yielded reliability values of 0.78 and 0.73. Inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The t-test and ANOVA were used to examine the three hypotheses. These hypotheses were evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. There was a relationship between communication skills and teacher effectiveness in the classroom according to the data. There was a considerable disparity in communication abilities between male and female teachers according to the study. The study further revealed that teachers' teaching experience had no significant influence on communication skills. According to the conclusions of the study, it was advised, among other things, that teachers should continuously enhance their skills of communication in order to improve the teaching-learning processes.

Selin Cengiz   and Eray Eğmir   

In this study, the effect of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) on fifth grade students' academic achievement, motivation and retention in "Data Processing" learning domain was investigated. In the research, quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group was used. The research carried out in two secondary schools in the district of Bayat in Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey in the second term of 2018-2019 academic year was conducted with a total of 41 students, 19 of whom were in the experimental group and 22 of whom were in the control group. While the implementations were organized with the RME approach in the experimental group, the control group received instruction in line with the activities included in the Ministry of National Education secondary school mathematics curriculum. In this study, "Evaluation Form of Learning Outputs in Data Processing Learning Domain" and "Mathematical Motivation Scale" were used as data collection tools. The instruments were applied to the experimental and control groups as pre-test, post-test and retention test. As a result of the analysis, there were not any significant differences between achievement, motivation and retention scores of the experimental and control groups.

N. B. Masnoor   N. Razali   A. Jedi   F. M. Hamzah   M. H. Osman   and H. Othman   

The research objective was to compare the performance of Engineering students in a pretest and post-test of Vector Calculus subject between programmes during their first year of study at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). This paper also aims to investigate the student's knowledge in Vector Calculus, particularly in main topics including partial derivatives, vector functions, line integrals, double integrals, triple integrals, Green's Theorem, Stokes' theorem, Gauss' theorem, and basic differentiation and integration of complex functions. Each topic is included in Course learning outcomes to analyze either the students show a good or bad performance for Vector calculus subject. 412 first year engineering students from different programmes JKAS, JKMB, JKKP and JKEES were needed to seat for pretest and post-test (Test 1, 2 and 3). The pretest was performed in early of the semester, while the post-test was held afterwards. The analysis results revealed that the performance of students in the post-test was outstanding to their pretest performance. Data analysis of student performance indicated that most students did not seem to understand the basic ideas in each chapter prior to the beginning of the semester.

Adriana Carolina Torres Escobar   

This research examined the discursive construction of pedagogical concepts of English teachers and the Ministry of Education in Colombia about the learning process of this language. The study addressed this issue by adopting a social and critical approach to the qualitative paradigm. It applied the Critical Discourse Analysis framework and revealed that the discourses do not promote an education that strengthens interculturality, critical thinking and diversity, which are pivotal components to attaining social equity. On the contrary, the discourses divert the social role of education to a purely linguistic approach. In addition, the discourses portray culture's meaning as folkloric and tourist, not revealing the positive and negative realities that have impacted different social groups. Hence, this investigation suggests changing the concept of learning English from a rigid and traditional perspective to an enriching experience that opens students' minds to linguistic aspects and cultures, social realities, and diversity. For this reason, it proposes English learning through a critical approach, connecting worldwide social realities with interculturality.

Judith Buhle Dlamini   and Gedala Mulliah Naidoo   

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) brought higher education institutions globally to a standstill as lockdown restrictions were instituted to curb the spread of the virus. Many institutions were obligated to transform from face-to-face to virtual teaching and learning digitally. This move made digital media become a driving force for virtual learning. Students who have never used digital media for learning had to switch overnight to virtual learning; this transit placed them at a disadvantage. This paper examined the first-year students' experience on the use of digital media for learning and other disparities faced during the urgent transit to digital transformation. A qualitative observation approach was first used to gather information from a few respondents. In the quantitative approach, questionnaires were used to gather valuable feedback from respondents. A convenience sampling method was necessary due to lockdown restrictions. The paper was conceptualized using a Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) and Two-way Communication Model (TCM). The findings revealed that first-year students experienced challenges such as lack of access to computers, data, and poor network connectivity. The findings also revealed a user problem on computers and Moodle that was essential for virtual learning. This paper recommends various plausible solutions to be explored by higher education sectors in assisting first-year students to transit to digital learning and close the digital divide gap.

Lucy Sibanda   

One efficient way through which learners can achieve learning outcomes is the implementation of multiple intelligences, which was proposed by Gardner in 1983. Gardner postulates that individuals have eight clear intellectual potentials which work together to survive in the world, all of which should be developed in the classroom. The study aims to establish manifestations of multiple intelligences in Grade 4 English First Additional Language workbooks currently in use in South African schools, especially as reflected in the teaching and learning activities given to the learners. Since the ubiquitous workbooks are vital in the presentation of educational curriculum in the South African contexts, their reflection of multiple intelligences would optimize diverse learners' content reception and retention. The cognitive profile was largely intrapersonal and verbal-linguistic, according to a content analysis of the two 2021 Grade 4 English FAL workbooks. The type of intelligence that was identified least was the naturalistic intelligence, while the musical intelligence was completely missing. There was no equitable or balanced distribution or reflection of intelligence types in each of the workbooks. It is recommended that textbook/workbook writers and teachers infuse in their instructional material, activities that serve all the intelligences of learners. In such manner, no learner is left behind as everyone's learning style is accommodated, and instruction is rendered at the learners' own terms and not the instructors' convenience.

Jabulisile Ngwenya   and Nombuso Q. Hlophe   

Constant shifts in the accounting curriculum originate from the changes in the accounting discipline that occur due to the global developments in the accounting profession. These persistent curriculum changes emphasise the development of analytical skills that learners require in learning the subject. This paper explores teaching strategies used by accounting teachers to develop higher order thinking skills in Financial Accounting in Grade 11 in one district in South Africa. The study employed a qualitative case study to allow for an in-depth understanding of the strategies used to teach Grade 11 Financial Accounting. Teachers were conveniently and purposively sampled from four schools. Data generation methods were semi-structured individual interviews and lesson observations. The data were then analysed by identifying various themes that responded to the research question. Finding that emerged from the data is that teachers used scenarios and case studies that require learners to solve financial problems. However, teachers could not engage learners adequately in discussions and the analysis process due to insufficient teaching time and the length of the accounting curriculum. Teachers insisted on determining learners' understanding of foundational or prerequisite knowledge that was crucial in reinforcing learning of concepts needed in analysing financial problems. The findings of the study revealed that teachers understood that learners frequently struggled to solve unfamiliar financial problems due to the unique language of the subject. As a result, they allowed learners to do complex calculations in groups and formulate diverse solutions together. Although teachers were eager to give learners more practice on problem-solving, insufficient activities in the textbooks and their condition hindered this practice.

Ana Luisa Martínez-Carrillo   Maria José Ortega-Chinchilla   Daniel Jesús Martín-Arroyo Sánchez   and Salvador Mateo Arias Romero   

This article presents a proposal for the implementation of didactic itineraries in the Spanish curricula from the perspective of the cultural heritage. The teaching and learning of the cultural heritage can be approached through the use of an active and participative methodology such as didactic itineraries. It is essential to know the evolution of these in the Spanish curricula and to analyse the current legislation in educational matters in order to propose the programming of didactic itineraries from the current perspective. Based on these two main objectives, a qualitative analysis of the legislation has been carried out through a search for key words that denote the presence of educational pathways in educational programmes. On the other hand, a detailed description of how didactic pathways should be planned has been carried out. It has been exposed the different parts which compose them, identifying the weak points that teachers may know in order to facilitate the implementation of these resources. In addition, we have included a series of current digital repositories which contain textual, graphic and multimedia information on heritage assets that provide a valuable source of information that can be used in the classroom before and after the didactic itineraries. Through this review, this detailed description and the analysis of the current legislation, the main aim is to ensure that educational itineraries move from having little or no implementation in teachers' programmes to being included in them, given the high didactic potential that can be derived from them.

Hamad H. Alsowat   

This study examined the mediating roles of gender and academic field in the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. A vocabulary size test, a vocabulary depth test and the IELTS reading test were administered to 319 university-level students (54 males; 265 females) from three disciplines: medicine, science, and arts. The findings revealed that students had between 2000 and 3000 word families, low vocabulary depth (45.3%), and poor reading comprehension (52.4%). Besides, male students outperformed female students in all study variables. Meanwhile, medical students had superiority over science and arts students in Vocabulary Level Test (VLT) and reading comprehension. Vocabulary breadth and depth were significantly correlated with reading comprehension. The contribution of VLT and Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge (DVK) to reading comprehension differs depending on gender and academic field.

Alfrits Komansilan   Tressje Mandang   Alfrie M. Rampengan   and Ni Wayan Suriani   

Science teaching in small islands is faced with the problem of limited learning facilities such as books and the internet as learning resources. The knowledge, skills and values obtained by students from the surrounding environment have the potential to strengthen science learning in the classroom where parents and the community can play a role in the child's learning process. The research subjects were students in grades 7 and 8 on Para island. The results showed that students were motivated to explore concepts and processes about objects in the form of facts, phenomena and issues in the surrounding environment. Percentage of exploration achievements at the first meeting, on identification of objects for individuals 24% - 35% and groups 35%, at the last meeting, there was an increase for individuals 50% - 70% and groups 80, for analysis-description of objects from 24% - 30 % to 50% - 70% for individuals and groups from 35% to 75%, for identification of science concepts from 5% - 15% to 40% - 50% for individuals and groups from 29%, to 55%, for formulation of concept network and science process from 5% - 15% to 40% - 50% for individuals and groups from 20% increased to 55%. Explorative learning reflects the importance of integrating children's experiences and knowledge from outside the classroom with learning in the classroom. The development of exploratory activities outside the classroom has the support of parents and the community who view this learning as a process of transforming knowledge and values to children.

Ayelet Harel-Gadassi   

The current study examines whether there are differences in academic success between classroom learning and distance learning and further evaluates which characteristics are associated with lower achievement in distance learning, in contrast to learning in a classroom setting. A cross-sectional design was employed with 118 students in higher education who completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning–Adult Version, the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the Academic Motivation Scale. The students were also asked to report their GPAs in the first and second semesters. In agreement with the majority of previous studies, no differences in academic achievement were found between classroom and distance learning. An innovative finding of this study is that executive functions are directly and indirectly associated with academic achievements in distance learning. Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation mediate these relationships. The use of distance education technology versus traditional classroom learning to teach college students does not affect their academic performance. Thus, it is advisable to develop this type of instruction and allow students who are suited for and interested in distance learning to complete a portion of their courses in this way, as this change will not adversely affect their academic performance. Additionally, in distance learning, it is crucial that students with low executive functions be identified and given a comprehensive support structure, including conveying learning strategies to them and strengthening their senses of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation.

Ayat Tarazi   and Raúl Ruiz-Cecilia   

It is important to adopt a teaching method that matches learners' learning styles and motivates them to learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of using the digital application NAVIO to enhance second graders' competence in linguistic communication, sense of initiative and entrepreneurship, cultural awareness and expression, cooperative learning, oral and written production, and digital competence. The study was conducted at the Scientific Academy School in the Jenin Directorate in Palestine during 2020-2021. This research adopted a quantitative design and used a questionnaire to collect data and find results. The sample of the study was chosen randomly, and consisted of 19 students in the control group and 19 students in the experimental group. The results show that there are statistically significant differences at α ≤ 0.05 between the experimental group and the control group in certain variables. However, there are no statistically significant differences between groups due to gender. The results of the control group show that there are statistically significant differences in oral and written production in favor of male students. Additionally, the results reveal that there are statistically significant differences at α ≤ 0.05 in the students' achievement in English due to the teaching method followed in each group, in favor of the NAVIO application. We conclude that the students' performance levels in the experimental group are better than those who learn English through traditional methods. Finally, we recommended Palestinian English teachers to integrate this digital application into teaching EFL to primary-level students in order to activate their interest and increase their motivation toward learning EFL in a more engaging environment.

Hsin-Hao Chen   and I-Chen Wang   

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of "tabletop games integrated into English teaching" on the effectiveness of English vocabulary learning and learning attitudes of third-grade students. The research method used is the quasi-experiment. The subjects are two normal classes of students in the third grade of an elementary school in Tainan. They were divided into two groups, experimental group and control group. All of them were allowed to review the English vocabulary learned in the English classroom after school over the research period. The experimental group played tabletop games to review English vocabulary, and the control group used traditional writing and recitation method to review English vocabulary. The test tools include the English vocabulary tests before and after the experiment and feedback questionnaires. Statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, independent samples t-test, and paired samples t-test were used for data analysis. The research results included: (1) Both groups of students have made significant progress in "listening comprehension of English vocabulary"; (2) Both groups have made significant progress in "spelling" ability and the average progress the students in the experimental group have made was greater than the students in the control group did; (3) The students in the experimental group as a whole expressed a middle-to-high degree of satisfaction with "tabletop games integrated into English teaching" and have had a positive attitude to it. Finally, specific suggestions were made based on the research results for reference by teachers, schools, and education-related administrative units.

Nabil Assadi   and Wafiq Hibi   

The study aims to identify the effectiveness of mathematical modeling in a technological environment, and its effect on the development of middle school learners' critical thinking skills and motivation rising toward mathematics as a subject in Rahat area/ Negev region. In this study, the researcher employed the experimental approach where the two tools of the study were applied to two groups of eighth graders: (group A, control group, 29 learners) and (group B, test group, 30 learners). The tools employed were, first, measuring learners' motivations towards learning, and second, measuring the degree to which learners possess the skills of critical thinking. The tools were used in both the prior and the latter stages of mathematical modeling where a questionnaire was prepared with the aim of identifying the views of students in the middle schools about their motivation to learn mathematics, and the questionnaire included the three dimensions of the study. The second tool consists of a set of questions that measure the degree to which the student has critical thinking skills by answering the test questions (consisting of a set of questions selected to test students in critical thinking skills in solving mathematical problems). The two instruments were initially presented to a group of competent arbitrators in order to benefit from their expertise, and after presenting them and making the necessary adjustments, they were produced in their final form. The results were as follows: 1. The scale of the student's desire towards learning mathematics, and their sense of perseverance and awareness were all intermediate. 2. Learners' average in the prior test that was designed to measure their skills in critical thinking was low. 3. The study shows variations in the degree of motivation toward mathematics learning regarding their desire and awareness of the importance of the subject. 4. The study shows a variation in the degree of the possession of critical thinking skills in middle school learners. The variation was in favor of the test group.

Gawise   Ismail Tolla   and Darman Manda   

One of the educational philosophies that are still being adopted in education, especially in Indonesia, is perennial. This school claims that education must always be linked to a culture that can shape a better human personality. This research is a part of research and development in creating a teaching model for Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) based on local wisdom. The main focus is to test the validity and practicality of the local wisdom-based PPKn learning model that has been developed. Two experts and three teachers were involved in this study to determine whether the products produced in this study were valid and practical. Several instruments are used in collecting data, namely validation sheets, model implementation observation sheets, and learning management observation sheets. The data that have been collected are then analyzed using a quantitative approach. The results showed that the PPKn learning model based on local wisdom was proven to be valid and practical. Thus, this learning model can be used for a more extensive trial process through effectiveness testing.

Noluthando Matola   Kehdinga George Fomunyam   and Sibusiso Moyo   

Teaching and learning is a complex process, which deals with different individuals with different expectations from diverse backgrounds, with different cultural and social capital involved in this process. The teaching and learning process in most South African institutions of higher learning has been plagued by several challenges over the last decade. In this research, the experiences of international postgraduate student lecturers teaching at a university in KwaZulu-Natal were examined. Utilizing the curricular spider web as its framework, it evaluates the experiences of international students lecturing at a university in KwaZulu-Natal, in order to identify the challenges faced by students in this institution during the teaching and learning process, and create a transformation path that can be adopted by other South African institutions of higher learning. This framework utilizes ten different components, each answering some key questions, and all stemming from the rationale for teaching and learning. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research conducted semi-structured interviews involving six participants who were pursuing different postgraduate degrees at the University. Interviews with each participant were conducted in English, lasted about 60 minutes each, and were digitally recorded and transcribed afterwards. Data were analyzed using an open coded process and findings reveal that transforming the teaching and learning process at these institutions of higher learning will largely involve making major changes to the curriculum content, learning activities, and learning resources.

Pinaki Chowdhury   

Development of Cognitive skills is critical for developing the right conceptual ideas in chemistry. Atomic structure, bonding, and associated properties are taught as parts of high school chemistry courses worldwide. The cumulative build-up of misconceptions about the periodic table is to blame for students' poor performance on atoms and bonding-related topics. This is primarily due to a lack of appropriate cognitive abilities. The periodic table is a fundamental organizing principle in chemistry that high school students are introduced to. The purpose of this study is to determine the commonalities among learners' misconceptions about various aspects of the periodic table in two distinct countries. This study had two objectives. To begin with, it demonstrated if learners from different locations developed the same type of alternate concepts. Second, it aided in discovering the most prevalent alternate conceptions in learners' minds regarding the periodic table. This study enrolled 97 students from India and 78 students from South Africa. The quantitative data for this investigation were gathered using a modified BRI. It is noticed that, despite disparities in their social environments, high school students generally possess similar alternate conceptions that act as a learning barrier at their higher level of learning.

Udeme Samuel Jacob   Kelechi Uchemadu Lazarus   Jace Pillay   and Hammed Gbenga Adewale   

Reading is a fundamental skill required for effective participation in academic tasks. This research investigated the significant main effects of phonics and neurological impress instructional methods on the reading skills of pupils with learning disabilities. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with a 3 x 2 factorial matrix was used. Purposive sampling was used to select forty-five students with learning disabilities (N = 45, M = 22, F = 23, Mean age = 9.3) from three government-owned primary schools. Six instruments were used: Pupil Rating Scale (Revised) (r = 0.75); Picture Vocabulary Test (r = 0.75); PALS-PreK (r = 0.82); Informal Reading Inventory (r = 0.70); and Umolu's One Hundred High Frequency Words (r = 0.85). The data collected were analysed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and an estimated marginal mean score of 0.05 level is of significance. The findings revealed that treatment had a significant main effect on the reading skills of students with learning disabilities (F_{(2, 42)} = 43.178, p < .05, η² =.762), but gender had no significant main effect. It is recommended that phonics and neurological impress instructional methods be adopted when teaching reading skills to pupils with learning disabilities.

Mokibelo Michael Mokoena   Sibongile Simelane-Mnisi   and Andile Mji   

The paper reports on the challenges teachers encountered in the use of interactive whiteboards in high schools to make improvement. The Gauteng Department of Basic Education's robust paperless initiative of introducing tablets, interactive whiteboards (IWBs), and smart classrooms in all public schools in Gauteng Province, motivated this study. In addition, little is known about teachers' academic self-efficacy when using an IWB-based teaching method. It was found that teachers experienced challenges in utilizing the IWB in teaching and learning. Participants were 123 teachers from four high schools in Tshwane North District, Gauteng, South Africa. More than half (57.8%) of the teachers were females. Most of the teachers (92.7%) received formal training on the use of IWBs. The mixed method was applied to better understand the phenomenon. Observation and individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for the qualitative aspect. On the other hand, Bandura's adapted problem-solving self-efficacy survey questionnaire was used to address the quantitative part. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 frequency distributions and percentages. On the other hand, qualitative data were analyzed with the aid of Atlas ti. The results show that 75.6% of the teachers indicated that they cannot solve problems at 90% when using IWBs in class. The challenges found in this study relate to technic, teaching material and lessons, lack of engagement, health, and lack of electricity. It was indicated that if teachers could adopt positive problem orientation, they could be successful in solving the problem with the use of IWBs. It is necessary to investigate the efficacy of the solutions presented in this study when using IWBs.

Dikeledi Mamiala   Sibongile Simelane-Mnisi   and Andile Mji   

The aim of this paper is to explore a framework for articulating the relationship between teachers' practices and students' self-efficacy in teaching and learning of Euclidean Geometry (RTP&SS-EG) in high school. The effective learning of Mathematics, especially Euclidean Geometry by students, is directly influenced by teachers' confidence and competence. The RTP&SS-EG framework was developed based on the gap in literature revealed through international studies, indicating a direct relationship between teachers with a higher level of self-efficacy, and students' achievement. However, the researchers did not come across national studies promoting the relationship between the teachers' practices and students' self-efficacy on the learning of Euclidean Geometry in high school. The question asked was: To what extent is the relationship between the teachers' practices and the students' self-efficacy in teaching and learning of Euclidean Geometry in High school? Geometry Students Self-Efficacy (SGS-EQ) and Geometry Teacher Self-Efficacy questionnaire (GTS-EQ) were utilized. The participants were 81 Mathematics teachers, and 390 Grade 10-12 students from the Mpumalanga and North West provinces in South Africa. Reliability for the entire scale of both instruments computed in terms of the internal consistency was found to be .83. To establish the content validity of the scores from both instruments, the exploratory factor analysis was computed using varimax rotation. The four-factor solution accounting for 43.03% of the total variance was obtained from 36 items of the GTS-EQ. A five-factor solution for 45.37% of the total explained variance was obtained from the 46 items of the SGS-EQ. In RTP&SS-EG, three education theories, constructivism, social constructivism and social cognitivism, policies, as well as teacher and student self-efficacy principles enjoin the practice enacted from the relation between the teachers' practices and the students' self-efficacy in the learning of Euclidean Geometry. The findings revealed that the learning value associated with the relationship between teachers' practices and students' self-efficacy may be integrated into the everyday preparations of teaching-learning plans in Euclidean Geometry. It is critical that policymakers, curriculum developers, teachers and students make use of this model to ensure that self-efficacy of both teachers and students is taken into consideration in Euclidean Geometry.

Sampson Tawiah   and Zamalotshwa Thusi-Sefatsa   

The imbalances of the South African education system before 1994 resulted in many rural women predominantly without education and training. The lack of primary education and skills has beckoned many women to ill-treatment, rejection, vulnerability, abuse, hunger, diseases, poverty, and unemployment. For women to thrive socially and economically, education is crucial. So Adult and Community Education and Training (ACET) for the underprivileged rural women are essential for development and empowerment today. The overarching aim of ACET is to empower rural women with knowledge and livelihood skills to tackle their socio-economic problems. The study, therefore, aimed to explore the significance of ACET on the socio-economic lives of women, especially those in rural areas. The researchers conducted qualitative interviews with 35 women who were purposively selected for the study and deemed information-rich. The study's findings indicated a lack of skills training programs to empower women and a lack of access to ACET programs. Therefore, the paper recommends that ACET programs be structured to meet the learning needs of women.

Louie P. Hijalda   

Many Philippine schools, colleges and tertiary institutions struggled to restructure their educational institutions with the full implementation of K-12 and the advent of Outcomes-Based Education in Philippine Educational System since 2016 in compliance with the International Qualification Standards utilizing different strategies for their survival and growth. This research aimed to determine the impact of institutional downsizing towards work satisfaction and clinical instructors' workplace commitment in Region VI. The study employed a descriptive-correlational design utilizing a survey method. Qualitative data were obtained to enrich survey results. Ninety-one (91) clinical instructors in various nursing colleges in Region VI, Philippines were chosen as actual participants using a stratified random sampling. Data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive, inferential statistics and qualitative analysis. The overall interpretation indicates a moderate level of work satisfaction (grand mean of 3.81) and clinical instructors' workplace commitment (grand mean of 4.20) in Region VI; there is no significant relationship between clinical instructors' workplace commitment and profile variables except for area of assignment (χ² = 16.217, p = 0.013). There is no significant relationship between institutional downsizing and workplace commitment. However, there is a significant relationship between work satisfaction and workplace commitment (χ² = 100.2, p = 0.000). The study concluded that clinical instructors' perception of the impact of restructuring has little effect on their work satisfaction and workplace commitment but undergone various struggles.

Mary Mark Ogbeche   Kelechi Victoria Emeribe   Stella Asu-Okang   Caroline Ephraim Etim   and Valentine Joseph Owan   

This study linked strategic planning and staff management relatively and cumulatively to the effectiveness of post-graduate programmes at two public Nigerian universities. The study was directed by the formulation and testing of three null hypotheses. The entire population of 157 administrators (including 24 deans and 133 HODs) participated in a survey, where a questionnaire was used to elicit responses. The questionnaire was designed by the researcher but validated by five experts. The reliability for internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's alpha, with acceptable indices. Data obtained were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. In a bivariate sense, both strategic planning and staff management significantly correlated with the effectiveness of post-graduate programmes respectively. Cumulatively, the two predictors are responsible for explaining 57% of the variation in the effectiveness of post-graduate programmes, with the remaining 43% of the unexplained variance attributable to other extraneous variables. The composite contribution of the two predictors was verified to be statistically significant. Staff management was the strongest predictor ahead of strategic planning. It was recommended, among other things, that the coordinator of post-graduate programmes should ensure that plans are made concerning the procurement and maintenance of facilities that will be required for the smooth running of the programmes in graduate schools.

C. N. Saniyyati   N. Razali   H. Othman   and Nazatul Aini Abd Majid   

Nowadays, Virtual Reality (VR) is one of the new technologies that have been used in learning session that have a positive impact on the students. This article is intended to study the students' acceptance and interest in the use of VR in learning Mathematics. This study involves 37 students, of whom are 15 male students and 22 female students with age range of 15 and 16 years from Sekolah Menengah Maahad Tahfiz Ilmuan (SMITIN) located in Bangi, Selangor. The module that contains 13 questions and 1 set of questionnaires is used to collect the research data. The findings reveal that majority of the students show good results in the use of VR as learning tools in the lesson, whereby 89% of them got grade A in the task whilst the rest of them got grade A-. These technologies have a positive impact on the students in understanding Mathematics. Furthermore, the findings show that the usage of VR in the group can not only help improve students' social skills in doing tutorial in the class but also increase their interests in learning Mathematics. The implementation of VR application has a positive impact on the students in learning Mathematics with the help of their teachers and parents. Nevertheless, parents need to control the usage of the gadgets.

Morakane C. Mphojane   and Awelani M. Rambuda   

The aim of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore the opinions of the teachers on mentoring process and their experiences. To achieve this aim, the study sought information on mentoring essences, practices, roles, and training needs of mentor teachers. Experienced and beginning teachers were purposefully selected from eight English-medium secondary schools in South Africa. Data from the literature review, 16 group interviews and 24 open-ended questionnaires were triangulated and thematically analysed to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Forty-eight experienced teachers and 24 beginning teachers shared their life experiences, perspectives, and perceptions on the mentoring process. The study revealed that in South African schools, mentoring was patchy and unsystematic. Data collected revealed that a new working environment presented some social, personal, and professional challenges to beginning teachers. It was revealed that experienced teachers were willing to support their fellow beginning colleagues even though they were not trained in the mentoring process and did not receive the necessary support from the school management teams.

Simon Christopher Fernandez   

Tablets are rapidly growing pervasive, influencing all age groups of people especially adolescents. Utilizing quantitative methodology, this study sought to explore the perceptions of students and lecturers on using tablets for learning at a rural university located in the Eastern Cape state of South Africa. A descriptive case study research design was employed. A sample of 155 from a population of 254 students and 14 from a population of 25 lecturers voluntarily participated in the survey. Data collected from the structured questionnaires were captured into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 24). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Data collected from both stakeholders were triangulated by sources to confirm the findings. The results revealed that students answered the exercise questions, developed the projects and started to search concepts in detail after getting tablets. Although a statistically significant difference was there between the perceptions of students and lecturers, both stakeholders showed positive attitudes toward the students' use of tablets for learning in university classrooms. The study recommended that lecturers must provide more tablet related learning tasks to students in order to make them accept tablet as a learning tool and lecturers must ensure regularly that those tasks are done effectively.

Senzeni Sibanda   and Awelani M. Rambuda   

The purpose of this research was to explore how intermediate phase mathematics teachers implemented formal assessments to enhance teaching and learning. The research was elicited by several reports on the underperformance of South African learners in mathematics. The constructivist philosophy was embraced to underpin the study, specifically, Piaget's theory of cognitive constructivism. The research adopted an interpretivist paradigm and a phenomenological research design. The study employed purposive sampling to select nine grade 4 to 6 mathematics teachers who were interviewed, and data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done through the themes that emerged from participants' responses. Results of the research revealed that some teachers did not align assessment in mathematics to theories of education. In this case, the constructivist theory was informed in the study. Some teachers faced challenges in formal assessment implementation because they were not trained to teach in the intermediate phase. Instead, they were trained to teach in other phases. Additionally, the South African Department of Basic Education did not adequately train teachers in formal assessments. Learners had difficulties in understanding word sums, hence making it difficult for them to solve complex procedures in mathematics. The study, therefore, recommends that teachers be involved in curriculum design. Teachers must be placed according to the subjects and phases they are qualified for. Teacher training institutions should practically help in the training of mathematics teachers to implement formal assessments effectively. Teachers should be continuously developed by their mathematics subject advisors and lastly, teachers need to continue developing themselves to keep abreast of current developments in the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Noluthando Matola   Kehdinga George Fomunyam   and Simon Bheki Khoza   

Higher education students around the globe have continually searched for opportunities to further their education abroad, looking beyond the provisions of their home country in pursuit of quality education. Most of these students are either tutors, teaching assistants, or in lecturing roles within the university environment. Using a qualitative case-study approach, this paper investigates the teaching intention of international postgraduate student lecturers at a university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This is in a bid to understand why these students choose to become involved in the teaching and learning process as lecturers. Participants were purposefully selected from a sample population of registered international postgraduate students at the university; and these participants were chosen in an order which ensured representation. Semi-structured interviews and observation methods were used, and data generated were analysed using grounded analysis. Findings reveal that international postgraduate students in this university chose lecturing, owing to the financial preconditions of undertaking postgraduate studies, to improve their interpersonal, communication, and cross-cultural skills, and also owing to legal restrictions. This paper therefore concludes that these reasons are valid and recommend several ways of helping these student lecturers function both effectively and efficiently.

Sema Irem Orhan   and Abdullah Aydin   

The aim this study is to investigate the growth mindset levels of the pre-service teachers according to gender, the program they studied and the grade level, and to reveal descriptive inferences in this direction. For this purpose, the research was carried out with 534 pre-service teachers studying in 10 different teaching programs. Data on the current growth mindset levels of the pre-service teachers were obtained with the Mindset Scale (MS). As a result of this study, it was observed that the growth mindset levels of the pre-service teachers did not change statistically according to gender, the program they studied and the grade level. However, when looking at the mean rank, it was determined that female's growth mindset levels were higher than male's. According to the program they were studying, it was seen that the highest growth mindset level was among the pre-service teachers studying in department of art education. According to the grade level, it was determined that the highest growth mindset level was among the pre-service teachers studying in the first grade.

Udeme Samuel Jacob   Jace Pillay   Olajumoke Christiana Ayandokun   and John Olusegun Oyundoyin   

Background: This research examined the significant main effect of peer tutoring, storytelling, and gender, on the social skills of pupils with mild intellectual disability. Using the Social Development Theory of Lev Vygotsky as the rationale for this study, the acquisition of social skills is viewed as based on a social constructivist view of learning. Methodology: The study sample consisted of thirty-four pupils with intellectual disability, purposively selected from three schools in Ibadan Metropolis, and randomly assigned to one of the peer tutoring, storytelling, or control groups. Thirty sessions were held over ten weeks with the peer tutoring and storytelling experimental groups only. A social skills performance scale was administered before and after the intervention to collect data from these three groups. An analysis of covariance was used to examine the data collected. Results: Findings based on the analysed data revealed that there was a significant statistical difference between pre-test and post-test results of the three groups. The effect of gender on social skills of participants was significant, as was the interaction effect of treatment and gender. Conclusion: Recommendations based on the finding of this study are that peer tutoring and storytelling be adopted for teaching social skills to pupils with mild intellectual disability, and that pictorial illustration be used to enhance their reading skills.

Rahimah Jamaluddin   Mur Fatehah Mat Sapak   Suhaida Abdul Kadir   Syahidatul Khafizah Mohd Hajaraih   and Arasinah Kamis   

Vocational education for students with learning difficulties (SLD) emphasizes theoretical teachings and practical experiences among students, while teaching them the knowledge and skills required for an occupation. Studies on the teaching of vocational skills for SLD focus mainly on students in the mainstream educational system. The current study aims to explore the teaching and learning of vocational skills for SLD in a Community-Based Rehabilitation Center (CBRC), in Selangor, Malaysia from an ecological environment's perspective. Six teachers from the CBRC were interviewed and observed. Results show teachers focused mainly on microsystem and mesosytem environments through the various strategies to support TnL of vocational skills' education for SLD. Insufficient pedagogical skills and vocational training among teachers, and inadequate physical facilities and equipment compromised the execution of TnL in this context. We suggest CBRC teachers incorporate exsosystem and macrosystem environments in TnL of vocational skills among children with learning disabilities through a community-based or project-based approach involving corporate social responsibility (CSR) to improve vocational skills in both students and teachers. Implications to the current practice are also discussed.

Sangrawee Donkaewbua   

Public speaking in Thailand especially in Thai youth who uses English as a second language still has lots of problems and needs some major development. The researcher noticed after weeks of observation that there were lots of problems in speaking of all the 45 students studying in the public speaking course since they paused too many times while speaking, each pause took a long time and they paused at the wrong places. This pausing manner made speaking sound unnatural even if it was accurate. Since the meaning of the message was disturbed by pausing wrongly, the researcher would like to try a new teaching method by teaching how to chunk their words while speaking by using lexical phrases as language input in order to help develop efficient lexical retrieval. This research aims at studying the effects that lexical phrases have on public speaking. The analysis of the study uses both quantitative and qualitative research by analyzing through a new teaching method in public speaking that is using lexical phrases as a means to keep the flow of deliverance in public speaking going. Lexical phrases were presented to language learners in several ways. Some are presented through mini lectures and some through simulated public speaking situations or activities. These include speaking connectors to buy time in speaking. There are three out of 45 research participants participating in this research because these three are advanced students which were chosen by their grades in the previous year in speaking class. The data were collected by individual elicitation interviews by using descriptive statistics. As a result, lexical phrases offer language learners the opportunity of fluent production. Furthermore, lexical phrases offer less likelihood of producing deviant language because lexical phrases come ready made.

Vojo George Fasinu   Nadaraj Govender   and Pradeep Kumar   

The poor performance of electronics engineering students in modelling their mathematical concepts when learning a practical antenna theory & design course is of concern. Despite the fact that these future engineers have been taught major aspects of prerequisite mathematics, some still find it difficult to interpret and incorporate it in an antenna theory & design course. Possible reasons that contribute to conceptual difficulties have been traced to their inability to model and blend mathematical theories, concepts with systems’ applications, and also to the disjointedness and lack of explicit teaching and learning approaches implemented in some universities. In this regard, the study takes its point of departure that the modelling of mathematical theories and concepts with clear strategies still remain an important area for engineering educational research and implementation of updated pedagogy. This study critiques the current teaching strategies and competencies of mathematical modelling in an electronics engineering department. It focuses on how engineering academics teach mathematical modelling in prerequisite mathematical courses for preparation of antenna theory & design. A qualitative approach was adopted to get the naturalistic views of the engineering academics on the strategies of mathematical modelling they use in teaching. Existing mathematical modelling models formed the major theoretical framework that guided the study. The study reports the strategies that are commonly used by engineering academics teaching mathematical modelling in prerequisite mathematical courses related to an antenna theory & design course. The significant result of the study is a contextual and practical pedagogical mathematical model which can be implemented in teaching and learning antenna theory & design courses.

Ida Nugroho Saputro   Soenarto   Herminarto Sofyan   Maulida Catur Riyanita   Purwita Sari Rebia   and Anggita Listiana   

There is a gap between vocational high school graduates' competence with industry's needs. To overcome this, the teaching factory develops an industry-based learning model. Learning in vocational high schools refers to the standards and procedures that apply to the industry and are implemented according to actual industrial conditions. However, factory teaching and learning require careful preparation to meet its parameters. This study used a combination of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation to analyze the implementation of the teaching factory in Indonesia, especially at Vocational High School 5 Surakarta. From the results, it can be seen that seven of the eight parameters have been effectively implemented in the teaching factory. These parameters are management, workshops, training in learning patterns, marketing promotion, products and services, human resources, and legal aspects. Furthermore, it is known that industrial relations parameters are not yet effective enough because the technology transfer and investment have not been implemented between schools and industry. However, some parameters that have been said to be effective are still not evenly distributed for each sub-parameter. Therefore, evaluation and improvement are needed to increase the teaching factory in these vocational high schools.

Chipo Makamure   

Error analysis has been considered indispensable in teaching mathematics in classrooms worldwide. One of the greatest skills in mathematics teaching has been recognised as the ability to model learners’ misconceptions through error analysis. The use of error analysis in the classroom has therefore made tremendous contribution to mathematics teacher knowledge. However, despite the acclaims about error analysis in teaching mathematics, researchers and teachers lack a detailed understanding of mathematics teacher knowledge as it is used in error analysis and the use of error analysis is still regarded as challenging for most teachers. This qualitative study therefore explored eight purposively selected pre-service teachers’ ability to identify, interpret and remediate learners’ error patterns as a result of misconceptions in differential calculus. The pre-service teachers’ analyses were re-analysed by the researcher to ascertain their ability to handle learners’ errors in mathematical calculus. The study established that though some pre-service teachers portrayed knowledge of the differentiation content as reflected by their ability to identify the errors made, most of them failed to identify the possible causes of the errors as well as provide appropriate instructional strategies that could be used to remediate learners’ error patterns. This finding illustrates that the pre-service teacher’s ability to diagnose, interpret and correct errors in learners’ work, with targeted instruction is an essential and necessary skill for good mathematics teaching.

Chi Hai Nguyen   

The purpose of this study is to investigate the students' evaluation of the traditional moral education model by six factors including patriotism; Love for people and humanity; The spirit of solidarity; The virtues of diligence and thrift; The Fond of learning; The love of nature and protection of the environment. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 293 students at An Giang University. Experimental results show that most students attach importance to traditional moral education. There are two factors including love for nature and environmental protection; Being fond of learning in the model has influenced the traditional moral education for students at An Giang University, Vietnam. Comparing the two groups of males and females, their satisfaction with the elements of traditional moral education is nearly the same. Comparing 8 groups of students from 8 faculties in terms of their satisfaction with 6 elements of traditional moral education is almost the same, it is not much different. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for moral education in Vietnam. Proposals made for university administrators and educators were discussed.

Simon Christopher Fernandez   and John Percival Fernandez   

The study examined the views of lecturers and Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) Tutors on students' use of smartphones for learning at a rural university in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The research adopted a quantitative approach and the design was a survey. A total sample of 50 academics that was comprised of 39 lecturers from the Faculty of Business Science & Management and Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology from a population of 71 and 11 PAL Tutors from Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology from a population of 14 voluntarily partook in the survey. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was employed to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of two sections in which the first section was used to obtain the demographic data and the second section to collect the core data. The quantitative data were captured into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and triangulated by sources among lecturers and PAL Tutors. The results obtained revealed that the lecturers and PAL Tutors showed positive attitudes on the students' use of smartphones in university classrooms. It has been strongly established that students do not have the multitasking capability of using smartphones and paying attention to lecture at the same time. Furthermore, this study also showed that use of smartphones for academic purposes in university classrooms were enjoyed by the students and it was motivating and enhancing their learning process.

Vuyisile Msila   

Student teachers in their initial teacher training get time to visit schools and observe and put various theories into practice. Practice teaching is the beginning of the journey towards professionalism. Yet many student teachers who visit schools in South Africa witness grim realities in different schools. Several South African education experts have written about two kinds of school systems; one is schools serving the affluent families whilst the other, numerous schools serve the indigent families and children who are faced with adversity in society. This case study examines the role of teachers in engendering hope and emotional strength among learners who face hardships. Exposed to challenging conditions in their practice teaching schools, the 10 student teachers tried to develop themselves as well as the learners through the fostering of resilience. The conclusions found that facilitating resilience among learners who face adversity is one powerful remedy in creating affable school climate and invitational classrooms. Teachers who instill this in their classrooms may have a long fulfilling career as teachers who are both life-long learners and professionally matured whilst their learners overcome their personal challenges as they face classrooms with emotional stability.

Panagiotis Varsamis   Anastasia Gkouvatzi   Vasiliki Kalamaki   Athanasia Manola   Ioanna Papadopoulou   Stylianos Takaridis   and Vasiliki Tanou   

Over the past years, the biopsychosocial model has had a significant impact on the field of Special Education. More specifically, the Children and Youth version of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF-CY, WHO, 2007) emerged as a useful screening tool. Within this framework, the aim of the present study was to explore the understanding of student referral to a pre-diagnosis support program or to a final diagnosis. Teachers' referral decision-making was examined in a structural equation model, which incorporated four latent variables, namely, students' Personal Factors, Activity Performance and Educational Support, as well as teachers' Referral Intentions. To test the capacity of this model, 62 teachers of elementary school classes documented all the needed information for each of their 1092 students. All variables were based on the ICF-CY and they were evaluated accordingly. The verified path structure was to a large extent consistent with the biopsychosocial model. Teachers relied primarily on students' prior educational support when they formed their opinion about student referral. Educational support received by students functioned as a mediator factor between activity performance and referral intention. Overall, results revealed a complex structure with regard to the teachers' decision making processes. The subgroups of students that emerged were discussed, and refinements for future studies were suggested. This study delivered useful implications for educational interventions, referral policy and teacher education.

Chi Hai Nguyen   

National cultural identity is a system of traditional values, aesthetics, and lifestyle of a nation, which forms typical, progressive, and distinctive features. Cultural identity helps us to understand different cultures among ethnic groups. The national cultural identity represents the vitality, creativity, and development of the nation. The nation's culture is the foundation of society, the goal, and the driving force for economic and social development. However, it has not yet received due attention in education in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to find out students' perceptions and evaluations of the importance of education on national cultural identity. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 247 students at An Giang University. Through descriptive statistical analysis with SPSS, the research results show that the majority of students have a rather high opinion of the need to educate the national cultural identity; The proposed content and form of education on national cultural identity has a rather high average value. However, the contents, forms, and methods of educating national cultural identity have not been clearly defined and are still limited. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for Vietnamese higher education. Proposals presented to university administrators and educational policymakers were discussed. Research results are also the basis for conducting further studies on culture. Traditional culture is distilled and transmitted so that the process of integration and globalization contributes to the creation of civilization, an opportunity for each country and nation to enrich their culture.

Shipra Srivastava   and Kiran Lata Dangwal   

Digitalization of higher education includes the use of digital tools and technologies for educational administration, teaching-learning process, evaluation, research, and extension activities. The 21st-century educational landscape is manifested by the key concept of digital competency of professionals in the knowledge area. Education and training, therefore, need to be at a premium, and the role of teachers being very important in imparting education and constructing learning experiences need to be continuously trained and updated. The nature of digital competency is exhilarating as well as requires specific efforts by teachers to adapt the latest technology-based skills. The idea behind the study was to find the answer to the question that where do the higher education teachers stand in this technological era? Thus, the study investigates the level of digital competence among higher education teachers and to find out their level in different dimensions of digital competence. Findings revealed that the higher education teachers under study have an intermediate level of digital competence only 8.44% of higher education teachers have an advanced level of digital competence. Higher education teachers have an intermediate level of digital competence in technological /operational/ instrumental dimension, information processing and management dimension, pedagogic/ knowledge construction dimension, and digital citizenship dimensions of DIGICOMP. The study concludes that higher education teachers may acquire the required knowledge, skills, and competence and elevate their level of digital competence to successfully compete in this technology-driven world.

Budsaba Sungwanna   and Pallop Piriyasurawong   

The objectives of this research were to; 1) analyze the factors of an intelligent system for learning result prediction to reduce drop-out of undergraduate students. 2) construct a modeling of an intelligent system for learning result prediction to reduce drop-out of undergraduate students. The samples were 141 undergraduate students who study English Education program in Academic year 2012-2014 at Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University by purposive sampling. The research results were as follows 1) the factors analysis was based on the attribute weight indexing technique using the Information Gain method. The learning results prediction factors had 14 factors, for example, mean of GPA from semester 1 to 5 and learning results about 9 subjects, 2) constructing a modeling of an intelligent system for learning result prediction to reduce drop-out of undergraduate students by measuring the quality with Cross-validation Test; 10-fold cross-validation and Naïve Bayes technique, the highest accuracy index is 84.33 percent, and followed by the creation of student's learning result prediction by using Decision Tree technique, 73.86 percent of accuracy index.

Edson Muresherwa   and Loyiso C. Jita   

This article explores school heads' enactment of instructional leadership practices in inclusive secondary schools in Zimbabwe. It provides answers to the central question: How do school heads enact instructional leadership practices in inclusive secondary schools and how does sense-making by school heads explain instructional leadership practices in this instructional environment? The article forms part of a larger study on the challenges of and opportunities for instructional leadership in inclusive secondary schools of Zimbabwe. The study employed a qualitative multiple case study research approach and was informed by the enactive sense-making theory. The cases comprised three secondary school heads purposively sampled in line with the extent to which they embraced inclusivity in terms of serving differently abled learners. Data were collected using a combination of semi-structured interviews on instructional leadership thought and practices, non-participant observation and documents analysis. The data were analysed using the interactional narrative analysis approach and presented using the case-by-case method. The study revealed that participants understood instructional leadership in their schools in the morphed sense of the concept as a multidimensional and stakeholder-based social activity built on equity principles. However, the concept of "equity" and purpose of education in society seem to be understood differently by different stakeholders across the social divide. As a result, instructional leadership practices by the school heads were characterised by struggles to balance competing expectations from stakeholders as the school heads sought to protect personal identity and guarantee self-legitimacy. Our findings have implications for policy and practice and contribute to scholarship by adding new insights into growing literature on instructional leadership for inclusive education.

Olugbenga A IGE   Taiwo Grace Olulowo   and Thulebona G Shawe   

There are scholarly pieces of evidence attesting to the use of the Internet by children in a manner comparable to adult users. Many children now use mobile phones, laptop computers, and tablet PCs that are connected to the Internet to access the cyberspace and engage in any activity of interest. The Spatio-temporal communications by schoolchildren in cyberspace have reduced television viewing which in the analog era was subjected to parental control. Unfortunately, the technical nature of the Internet makes it difficult for parents to control the contents available to schoolchildren in the cyberspace. This article uses the space transition theory to examine and analyse schoolchildren's current cyberspace activities relating to cyber dating, cybersex, cyberbullying, and online gambling to infer the dimensions that these activities would take in the next thirty years. Current scholarly articles were explicated on popular engagements of schoolchildren in the cyberspace and analysed to predict the dimensions of these activities in thirty years. This paper is of scholarly value on the vogues that would be prevalent in the cyberspace in the next generation. The emerging trends in the scholarly articles analysed were used to recommend cyber-parenting related measures on training schoolchildren in the next thirty years.

Letlhoyo Segalo   

This paper explored a fostered critical self-reflection among Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students after their micro-teaching sessions. During the first and second micro-teaching sessions, student teachers attend to the pre-lesson phase; and the actual teaching focuses on the mastering of skills such as lesson planning, use of instructional teaching media, management of classroom activities and questioning skills, among others. In return, student teachers are provided with written and face-to-face feedback or a video recording as a third option. These three approaches are employed by lecturers to assist student teachers to critically reflect on their own progress and practices. The aim of the research study was to explore the use of critical reflection PGCE students after micro-lesson exposure. Vygotsky's theory of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was used to demonstrate that a scaffolded self-critical reflection in a micro-teaching can be useful. This study used a qualitative research approach. A purposive sample of 16 students was selected with the aim to broaden the understanding of self-critical assessment within a micro-teaching context. An open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data which was later analysed categorically into different themes, according to the items responded to by the students. The findings showed that PGCE students are able to apply critical self-reflection as a skill to enhance and confront teaching problems at a very limited scale. Furthermore, the study revealed that PGCE students find it challenging to critique themselves using various tools such as video-recordings, reflective journaling among others within Vygotsky's ZPD.

Ilias Vasileiadis   Spyros   Ioanna Dimitriadou   and Ioanna Gripsiou   

Increasing social and emotional development of primary school students with learning difficulties promotes equal participation in educational processes at all levels of their education. Social coexistence programmes at all school levels empower all students both emotionally and socially by promoting solidarity and creatively enhancing the learning environment. The aim of this research was for the students with learning difficulties and the teachers to evaluate a social coexistence programme implemented in a Greek Primary School. The program involved 22 students in a 4th-grade class, 4 of whom had been diagnosed with learning difficulties, and 4 members who are scientific and teaching staff of the school. In order to evaluate the actions of the programme, the multimethodological approach was applied by using a sociometric tool and a logbook, and by conducting semi–structured interviews. The research results showed that the social interaction of students with learning disabilities with their peers increased significantly after the completion of our intervention. The development of a collaborative culture in school was cited as a decisive factor for the effective implementation of social coexistence programmes by the participating adults. The results are discussed in the context of implementing similar interventions in more classes by having more students and members of the teaching staff participating as well.

Isaias Martin-Ruiz   Maria-Jose Gonzalez Valenzuela   and Inmaculada Jordan-Galera   

Learning Disabilities are one of the most frequent deficits in the teaching and learning process, present between 5 and 15% of the students. Various definitions have been made, such as DSM 5, ICD-11, or other more psychoeducational definitions. The main problem is the unexpected difficulties in learning how to read or write despite having a medium intellectual capacity. Deficits can be found in: cognitive variables, visual perceptual processing, phonological processing, semantic processing, and morphosyntactic processing. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reading and writing learning disabilities of a Spanish-speaking subject. The methodology is a single case study, which is examined of a 7-year-old boy enrolled in the second year of Primary Education at a grant-maintained school in the city of Malaga (Spain). A psychoeducational evaluation proposal is described with different qualitative and quantitative techniques. The results indicate that the subject presents difficulties in his acquisition of Reading and Writing skills, showing signs of cognitive deficits in memory, attention, processing speed, visual and phonological processing, and difficulties in reading and writing. Finally, a proposal for psychoeducational intervention is described, which would be useful in promoting learning and improving the pupil's academic performance. The research shows the relevance of the global evaluation of cognitive and psycho-linguistic variables and the need to establish an early diagnosis. It is also necessary to highlight the relevance of early intervention and the establishment of clear educational guidelines towards the teacher and the family. The main limitations are determined from the single case study and the possible limitations of validity and generalizability of this study to other languages.

Verbra Pfeiffer   

Research indicates that regularly bi/multilingual university students lean on their whole language repertoire whilst they may be writing in a language that is not always their home language (L1). Commonly, many university students are writing in a language that is not always their L1 and accordingly they locate methods to express themselves in their second or third language (L2/L3) efficiently. The cognizance of this paper can be at the impact of code-switching on university students at some point of the writing process. This qualitative study was conducted on university students in Switzerland and Brazil, in which they have been requested to finish a written questionnaire in English. The questions addressed in this paper study the variety of students that use their L1 ‘voice' whilst they may be writing. This paper also looks at the way students use their L1 ‘voice' when they undertake an extended writing task. An analytical tool regarding andragogy was used to research the facts to recognize the complexities that mature writers go through. Bi/multilingual students believe that once they write in English they think in English, however, the facts advocate this is not always constantly the case. In addition to my findings, it appears that L2 students are continuously borrowing words/phrases from their L1 whilst they may be writing in a language that is not always their L1. The implication of this study is to demonstrate lexical transfer that L2/L3 students make at some stage during their writing and that this should be regarded as the lack of exact equivalency in their L1 and not a lack of language proficiency. Finally, this study addresses methods whereby bi/multilingual students may want to use their code-switching to help them in their academic writing.

Zachary Y Mngo   and Jörg Muth   

The article reviews the sociocultural and historical development of the higher education system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with focus on its impacts on the current makeup of bachelor's degrees offered by universities in the Kingdom. Literature and analysis of data from forty-six tertiary education websites indicate that while there is an abundance of programs in Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM) and business, there is a significant paucity of degrees in the Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities (SSAH). The authors argue that the Kingdom's official development plan, Vision 2030, requires a more precise appendage when it comes to higher education. An analysis of data on bachelor's degrees reveals that both the degree landscape and students' choices of college majors favor certain STEM and business programs. STEM and business programs have been historically promoted by the traditional government policy emanating from the need to prepare Saudi students to obtain jobs in the petrochemical industry. This article posits that the excessive promotion of some STEM and business programs has engendered the neglect of the social sciences, arts, and humanities programs that play an equally vital role in students' holistic educational development. It further predicates that the paucity of degrees in these STEM fields would undermine the government's desire, to diversify an economy that has been heavily dependent on oil for more than half a century as expressed in Vision 2030.

Lamees Abdulrahman Alaulamie   and Abeer Aidh Alshwiah   

The main purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service teachers' perceptions of augmented reality (AR) technology and their intention to use it in their future careers. This involved integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with part of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) to examine the learners' perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of AR, and how this affected their attention (ATT) in learning, and intention to use (ITU) AR in their future careers. An AR application was applied to affix virtual objects to learners' real world over seven weeks of an Educational Technology course. An online quantitative questionnaire was developed and administered to 101 students in a purposive sample. A descriptive correlational research design was adopted in this study. The results indicate that the students' PU for AR and their ATT while using it were significant predictors of their ITU for this technology in future, while PEU was not a significant predictor of ITU. However, the students' PU and PEU were significant predictors of their perception of AR's capacity to sustain their attention (ATT) while learning. The intention of this study was to pave the way to expand TAM by highlighting an intrinsic motivation variable.

Muhammad Guntur   Hamsu Abdul Gani   and Mustafa   

One of the problems of education in Indonesia is the low level of public literacy both on a national and international scale. One of the essential aspects of improving literacy is by generating interest in reading in college students. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Content & Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) method on students' reading comprehension skills. There were 40 participants involved in the study which were divided into two groups, namely the control class and the experimental class. All participants are students from the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Palopo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia who are taking Indonesian language courses as a compulsory subject in higher education. To collect data, the researcher used an instrument in the form of a multiple-choice test which was given to both groups in the pretest and posttest sessions. The learning outcomes of the two test sessions were analyzed quantitatively using the SPSS 20.00 application. The results showed that the use of the CLIL method in Indonesian courses could improve students' reading comprehension skills. This is indicated by the difference in the average value between the pretest and posttest reading comprehension.

Nam Phan   Vita Jones   Dawn Person   and Shannon L. Sparks   

In recent decades, there has been increasing pressure for teacher accountability. Additionally, interest in teacher evaluation throughout the field of education has grown. While research has been conducted on multiple factors contributing to student achievement, there is a lack of research in the Vietnamese culture on faculty perceptions of the meaning and interpretation of the faculty performance evaluation. This study addressed faculty perceptions of the evaluation process and overall impact on their teaching performance. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore full-time faculty members' perceptions of the performance appraisal (PA) process currently implemented at a local university (i.e., private university in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). Data obtained from individual, semi-structured interviews with 12 full-time faculty was analyzed. After analysis of the data, salient findings were identified regarding the enhancement of teaching quality. Second, substantial factors contributing to the faculty's positive perceptions of the PA process and instructional methods were determined. Leading on from this, this study identified key factors that instructors believe are critical in an effective performance appraisal process. Furthermore, the leadership tools required to make the overall process meet instructors' expectations were met.

Rukkumani a/p Sinnatamby   and Enio Kang Binti Mohd. Sufian Kang   

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of readiness of future home science teachers in teaching alternative agricultural topics in design and technology subjects. Aspects of readiness were examined to identify the level of knowledge, skill, attitude, and exposure of home science teachers to teaching alternative agricultural topics in design and technology subjects. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires and respondents for this study involved 77 Home Science Education students consisting of 36 students in Year 3 and 41 students in Year 4 who sit for the Agriculture and Human and Practical Teaching of Agricultural Science courses. The questionnaire consisted of 5 sections comprising respondents' background, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and exposure to the topic. The reliability coefficient of this study was α =0.81. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 to obtain the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation values. The findings showed that Bachelor of Home Science Education students had a moderate level of readiness (mean = 2.71) towards teaching alternative agricultural topics in design and technology subjects in terms of knowledge level (mean = 1.86), skill level (mean = 3.34), attitude (mean = 3.78) and level of exposure (mean = 4.72). Some suggestions have been made to increase the readiness of home science teachers for teaching alternative agricultural topics, so that all future teachers are prepared to master the subjects that will be taught, especially in the areas of knowledge so that they will not miss out and be able to implement teaching and learning more effectively.

Mudzamiri Edson   and Govender Nadaraj   

The study explores teachers’ perspectives on the possibility and necessity of creating indigenous knowledge spaces (IKS) in physical learning environments (PLE) for learning physics in high schools in Zimbabwe. Traditional PLE such as laboratories for learning physics are still dominated by colonized western pedagogical designs and features but can be redesigned in light of the recent debates on Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and Science integration decolonizing agenda. IKS intends to make classrooms physics more accessible and meaningful for both indigenous teachers and learners. In many African countries including Zimbabwe, educational policies indicate the need to integrate IK and IKS in the school curriculum. However, these policies do not provide guidelines on what IK to integrate, where and how to do it in the existing curriculum as well as how to create and facilitate IKS. There are limited studies on IKS and advice on how to transform current educational facilities spaces. This study therefore provides insights on how IK can be integrated in physics through the creation of IKS in the PLE. In this regard, data were gathered from 10 male and 10 female teachers using quantitative (Likert-scale questionnaires) and qualitative data (observations and interviews). The findings suggest that the existing physics PLE are limited in providing IK resources for the teachers. The teachers confirm that IKS can be created in the PLE where indigenous artefacts are incorporated, traditional homestead are modelled, etc. integrated together with existing physics laboratory and school resources. The study recommends a variety of IK resources and strategies in the creation of IKS but it will also require a team effort from teachers, community, and educational authorities in effecting the decolonizing agenda.

Rachel Gugu Mkhasibe   Dumisani Wilfred Mncube   and Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani   

Teaching practice is critical to teacher education as it provides the pre-service teachers with practical experience of professional responsibilities and classroom practices, which are basic foundations for their choice of teaching as a profession or career. It is mandatory for pre-service teachers to experience teaching practice as a requirement in teacher education to acquire practical teaching competence in schools. Students in teaching practice are required to be mentored by their subject teachers in the schools. Thus this study investigates subject mentors' perceptions of Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students' teaching practice lived experiences to determine their readiness for professional classroom practices. Competence and readiness to teach are inseparable because the latter demonstrates the skills which pre-service teachers display when delivering certain aspects of their teaching. Hence teaching is incomplete without teaching practice. Five subject mentors who were mentoring PGCE student teachers were purposively selected and engaged in semi-structured interviews for the data collection for this study. Content analysis was used to identify themes and analyse the data. The findings revealed, among others, that PGCE student teachers do not have adequate pedagogical content knowledge. Based on the findings, the study, therefore, recommends that the training for PGCE students has to be increased from one year to two years to acquire the appropriate knowledge and skills.

Thomas Ajayi   Peter A. Amosun   and Olugbenga A. Ige   

Few decades ago, the Internet became a new home for academic research and a spot where teaching and learning materials could be found. A cursory look at previous studies on university instructors' use of online resources shows intermittent influence students' academic outcomes in Nigerian schools. Although, several efforts have been put in place to establish a cordial and steady relationship between university instructors' use of online resources and the students' academic attainment in Nigerian schools, it seems that there is paucity of studies on the linkage between university instructors' use of online resources and students' academic attainment in Social Studies. This research explored the relationship between Social Studies lecturers' use of online resources and students' performance in the course. This study adopted descriptive research using correlational design, and purposive sampling technique. 398 students at two Bachelor of Education degree-awarding institutions in Nigeria responded to the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The outcomes of this discourse indicated no significant relationship between Social Studies lecturers' use of online resources and students' performance in the course. Additionally, it was evident from the results that the extent to which Social Studies students’ use of online resources in the selected tertiary institutions in Nigeria was high. This paper, therefore, concludes that the use of online resources has no significant relationship with students' performance in Social Studies. It was recommended that university instructors should grasp a new means in the use of online resources in the classroom in order to foster a good lecturer-students interaction that would eventually results in great academic attainment of students in the course.

Simon Christopher Fernandez   and John Percival Fernandez   

The current study sought to establish perceptions of lecturers and Peer Assistant Learning (PAL) Tutors on students' phubbing at a rural university in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study adopted the quantitative approach in which a survey was employed. A sample of 50 academics that consisted of 39 lecturers from a population of 71 and 11 PAL Tutors from a population of 14 voluntarily completed the survey. A structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for the data collection. The researchers captured the data manually into Statistical Package for Social Sciences and they were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study found that majority of lecturers and PAL Tutors had a negative perception on students' phubbing in classroom. It was strongly confirmed that students were addicted to cell phones. Around 0%-20% of the students were phubbing by doing different activities in classroom which was more enough for the whole learning and teaching to be spoiled. Overall, phubbing created a serious interruption to lecturers, PAL Tutors as well as the whole class and this implicated the study to highlight that students were crossing the boundary line. This study also provided recommendations to the educators and management to minimize phubbing inside classroom.

T. Hungwe   T. A. Dandadzi   and S. M. Seeletse   

Changes in industry promote curriculum reforms in education, especially in higher education, which serves as an industry feeder. The need to renew the Computer Science curriculum (CSC) is critical because it is dynamic and constantly evolves as the axis of modern technology. Integrating the industry's needs into the CSC can be a useful strategy for keeping up with such changes. A number of countries in Europe and beyond have developed ways in bringing vocational training into mainstream university curriculum. This paper discusses the significance of integrating industry-specific training (IST) into the existing CSC in higher education. The Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa is used as an example. This integration combines standard academic CSC content with beneficial, carefully selected industry aspects. The study followed a qualitative design, which encompassed the ideas and perceptions of the students enrolled at the time, experiences of former students who are employed in the computer science industry, and lecturers. Data were collected using questionnaires, directed to each stratum. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results from the study were satisfactory and affirmed that, IST integration into the CSC is valuable, helps build networks and integrates timely mentorship into the world of work in the students.

Yalemeshet Mamo Zena   and PJH Heeralal   

Parents or primary caregivers play a vital role in fostering children’s healthy development. Parenting style is one of the foremost thought of approaches to grasp the impact of parents on children's development. Children perceive how their parents exhibit emotions and interact with others in a family context. They make a replica of what their parents do to control emotions. By displaying different emotions, moderately expressive parents give children information about the type of emotional state they express and are likely to cause more personal conditions and causes. Therefore, parenting styles are valuable for knowing complex attitudes and behaviors associated with children's outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting styles and preschool children’s social-emotional development. The data were collected from 340 randomly selected private and government preschool children using the parenting dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ) and the social-emotional teacher rating questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out with the help of descriptive and inferential statistical methods. In particular, Two –way ANOVA was used. The results revealed that preschool children who belonged to the authoritative parents and the intact family were better in social- emotional development than their counterparts. Moreover, the results indicated that private preschool children achieved better results in social-emotional than government preschool children. However, there were no statistically significant differences between male and female participants in social-emotional development. It is therefore plausible to conclude that authoritative parenting style and intact family contributed positively to children’s social-emotional competence. The current researcher can conclude that children of authoritative and intact families are sociable, emotionally competent and can play with their peers and manage emotions effectively. Moreover, it can be concluded that private preschool children have more social-emotional skills such as managing emotions, playing skills, communication skills, understanding others' feelings and emotions appropriately. Finally, early childhood development has not yet been thoroughly examined and this study has contributed, particularly in the Ethiopian context, to the literature on parenting style in relation to family structure on children's social-emotional competence.

Michele Astuto   

This essay focuses on the comparative analysis between abstract and figurative photography and their possible combinations. Abstract photography is to be intended as an image in which the brain cannot recognize any shape or defined form, unlike figurative photography that portrays reality, or part of it, just as the eyes see it: this is the reason why abstract photography is almost a utopia, as the camera is a mechanic tool that captures subjects as they are. Abstract photography can be compared to the abstract painting of historical avant-garde movements in 10th century art, where artists try to express sensations and feelings through colors, shapes and composition. The aim of the content analysis and its realization is to discover the critical thinking and its values, and the possible educational effects within the study context. This project aims to get a deeper look on the way abstract photography can influence the students of the Academy of Fine Arts "Michelangelo" during their studies. Furthermore, it tries to demonstrate whether the use of fantasy and colors can be a stimulating advantage in the photography process, as the freedom of artistic expression in the composition of abstract photography can facilitate one's personality expression, or, on the contrary, a disadvantage, considering the lack of rules of this subject, especially when compared to figurative photography. Theoretical reflection on the art itself and applied laboratory are fundamental to better understand the importance and the value of photography in the artistic, educative, communicative contexts. In fact, photography is an actual artistic instrument just as all the other arts, and as an expression and communication means, art can assume a significant role in the education field through the employment of images, laboratory activities and scientific practices and theories. The methodology followed for the aim of this study was based on a quantitative approach, through the administration of a test to the sample of students, and a qualitative approach with a group discussion that followed the test, were art and abstract photography were the main topic. The test included multiple and open questions about art and photography related issues, while the group discussion was based on the observation and analysis of an abstract photography project. The participants were all students of the Academy of Fine Arts "Michelangelo" of Agrigento, only 16 were chosen based on their affinity and knowledge of art. The research showed the tendency and growing interest towards this photography genre and it was concluded with the students experimenting by themselves a new abstract photography through the off-camera process, which does not employ any camera or computer. To conclude, this work combines the analysis of the figurative narration with the possibilities of breaking the rules through abstraction, colors and creativity; in other words, this study deals with the importance of abstraction in the artistic field.

Mirawati Abdullah   Syamsul Bachri Thalib   and Gufron Darma Dirawan   

Learning products that have been designed and developed by the teacher/researcher must be tested first to determine their quality level before being disseminated to the broader community. This research is a development product testing phase by going through the validity, practicality and effectiveness test phase, which is the final part of a research and development (R&D) design. There are three groups of participants involved in this study: two validators, five elementary school teachers, and 25 students from Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Several instruments were used in collecting data in this study, namely: (a) validation sheets, (b) teacher response questionnaires, (c) student response questionnaires, (d) learning implementation observation sheets, and (e) learning outcomes tests. The data that have been collected are then analyzed using a quantitative approach with the help of the SPSS version 20.00 application. The results showed that the Integrating, Rationale and Approach Participation (IRA) learning model was proven to be valid, practical, and effective through a series of tests carried out. Thus, this environment-based IRA learning model can be used by a broader range of users.

Leoncio Vega Gil   Marta Lambea Ortega   David Revesado Carballares   and Yadirnaci Vargas Hernández   

Spain has a model of territorial decentralization, agreed and legitimized from the 1978 Constitution, implemented in the eighties and part of the nineties of the last century by the Socialist Party. A model combines linguistic and cultural identities with administrative and geographical criteria that are specified in the 17 Autonomous Communities. In educational terms, these "to the charter" organization territories are expressed in the 17 quasi-states of education with different levels and scales of educational quality. Some territories are perfectly comparable to international high-performing countries; these are the cases of Castilla y León, Galicia, Madrid or Navarra. In others, those of the South, the effectiveness and efficiency of the education system is below the national average and also below the average of the OECD member countries. The problem to be investigated focuses on the argumentation and contextualization of education in the most advanced territories; I mean, why the good education? In the methodological order, we have to show that we start from a qualitative approach that aims to analyze, understand and explain. For this, we rely on the CCS (Comparative Case Study) based on the contributions of Vavrus and Bartlett [1]. In the section referring to the findings, we must show that we can present the evidence, based on the perceptions of social and school actors, that the trilogy formed by politics, society and pedagogy make up a common project of unity in participation, protection and constant improvement of school practices. This triangular connection is the key to success and therefore good manners. The work is divided into sections with the good intention of explaining the limited regional / territorial studies devoted to pedagogical issues; the imaginary of the "horizontal actors" of education (they inform us of social culture, of society / education relations, of the regulation of political action / mentality, and the "school" dimension of decisions).

Issaka Cecilia Alimatu   Isaac Nyame   and Fatima Iddrisu Abu   

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of parental expectations and their involvement on the learning outcomes of students with special educational needs and disabilities in the Tamale Metropolis. The study was a quantitative survey. Parents of students with special needs formed the population of the study. A total of 50 participants were sampled through snowballing. These parents had various levels of education from basic to tertiary levels. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. The data were obtained personally by the researchers after they had made personal contacts with the parents. The data obtained were analysed in SPSS. Frequency distribution tables and percentages were used for analysing the descriptive data while the hypotheses were tested using multiple regression and Spearman Browns' correlation coefficient. It was revealed that parents had high expectations from the school and teachers concerning the education of children with special needs and disabilities. They were also actively involved in the education of their children however; a number of factors such as family health issues, transportation and language barriers influenced their involvement in the education of their children with special needs. A multiple regression was run to predict learning outcomes from parental expectations and their involvement. The two variables combined to show a statistical significant prediction of learning outcomes, F(2, 47) = 24.427, p (.000) <.0005, R2=.510. However, only parental involvement added statistically significantly to the prediction, p<.05.

Wafudu Satumari John   and Kamin Bin Yusri   

This study aims to compare the technical vocational education and training quality assurance framework of Nigeria, Malaysia and the United Kingdom. The study adopted a qualitative method document analysis to elicit information to compare quality assurance frameworks of Nigeria, Malaysia and the United Kingdom in the context of the technical vocational education and training systems. The study revealed current practices of quality assurance frameworks of Nigeria, Malaysia and the United Kingdom. The framework's emphasis on appropriately skilled workforce needed for socio-economic development and sets a benchmark for consistency to promote trust. The study also revealed similarities as a commitment to evidence-based decision making for continuous quality improvement while the difference in quality assurance frameworks of Nigeria and Malaysia is revealed based on the government-led approach and the United Kingdom operates based on a unitary approach. The study also revealed suitable quality assurance framework components as follows: integrated planning, integrated reviewing and management. This study discussed reforms needed of quality assurance framework in technical vocational education and training system and suggested that Nigerian government needed to encourage her technical vocational education and training system for the desired objectives through quality assurance framework.

Ilham Hamid   Syamsul Bachri Thalib   Hamsu Abdul Gani   and Marwati   

Entering the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the challenges and problems faced by the world of education worldwide are increasingly complex and complicated. One of these problems is the level of the moral degradation of students, which is increasingly worrying. This research is part of research and development that focuses on the needs analysis, module design, and product validation stages. This study aimed to produce a learning product in the form of a social piety guidance module to reduce the moral degradation of high school students. This research was conducted at SMKN 3 Sinjai, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, by involving three counselling teachers and 15 students in the initial study phase and two experts in the validation phase. Data were collected using several data collection techniques such as (a) interviews, (b) observation, and (c) module validation sheets. The results show that it turns out that a social piety guidance module is needed at the high school level to reduce the level of the moral degradation of students, which is then designed to be a module. From the validation test, information is obtained that the social piety guidance module is proven valid based on experts' judgment with a cumulative average score of 3.53. Thus, after this module is proven valid, it is recommended that it be tested on users, namely teachers and students.

Anass Bayaga   Michael J. Bossé   and John Sevier   

Analyzing the communication and work of high school geometry students through error-prone topics such as transformations, constructions and employing various thinking processes such as factual and procedural knowledge could reveal insight to students understanding of Geometry. Such a body of work [1, 4, 5], could reveal suitable or unsuitable considerations of a topic combined with suitable or unsuitable uses of a thinking process thereby producing suitable or unsuitable conclusions. Directed by the objective of the study, three high school geometry students' interpretations were analyzed in order to explore: (1) connections among topics and thinking processes; (2) relationships among suitable and unsuitable uses of the topic and thinking processes; and (3) whether unsuitable uses of topics and unsuitable thinking processes can yet lead to suitable understanding. The results revealed no definitive association among some topics and some thinking processes, whether suitable or unsuitable in either realm. Unsuitable applications of factual, procedural, and conceptual knowledge were not associated simply with the lack of these thinking processes, at times. However unsuitable thinking processes were present, deliberate, purposive, and not absent. By implication, there is a need for more studies regarding student use and misuse of thinking processes regarding other mathematical subjects.

Arikawa   and Tomoko   

This paper examines how the experiences of international graduate students are influenced by the graduate education system applied in higher educational institutions in Japan. It is based on the author's ethnographic study on Indonesian students who studied in Japan from 1991 to 1992. The follow-up studies on the returnees after their study abroad were conducted from 2011 to 2013. The paper is likewise based on the author's work on international students at a Japanese university. This paper studied the experiences of Indonesian graduate students in the Science field with the graduate education system at Japanese universities. It focused on the koza research unit, which usually had the head professor and other faculty members in different ranks and the students in different years. The study found that this koza unit could be described as a "person-dependent" system, since the experiences of international graduate students differed depending on how the koza community was managed and practiced. For example, differences arouse from the variety in teaching methods and research learning among its members. This paper discusses the problems that arise when such system does not work from the perspective of international graduate students. Additionally, it discusses some possible improvements in overcoming the limitations of this system, while keeping the positive aspect of teaching and learning among its members. There are many higher educational institutions which seek globalization. This paper discusses the importance of international graduate students' perspectives in clarifying macro-level problems concerning the graduate education system of higher educational institutions.

Ewa Wyczółkowska   

The article presents the research on the cooperation of kindergarten teachers with institutions / organizations. The creation of the vision of a new model of this cooperation required examining the prevailing relations at this level and learning the determinants influencing the activities undertaken by the partners. For this purpose, a research was conducted in Poland in 2016–2017. It was preceded by the pilot study carried out in 2015. The participants of the research in the pilot study were parents of preschool children and kindergarten teachers from villages and towns in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, and representatives of institutions / organizations cooperating with the kindergartens in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. In the relevant research, three microsystems were taken into account: parents; teachers working in kindergartens in rural areas, cities and all over Poland; and representatives of institutions / organizations cooperating with kindergarten teachers globally. The data analysis made it possible to select the strengths and weaknesses of cooperation between Polish kindergarten teachers and institutions / organizations. As a result, a based on 9 theses model of cooperation between kindergarten teachers and institutions was created, and the following paradigms were identified: cooperation requires partners' self-reflection, cooperation is based on working at oneself, cooperation creates empathy and trust, cooperation expands linguistic and cultural capital, cooperation that offers a new quality of life in partnership relations is a product of transformations taking place over time.

Habtamu Desalegn Gemechu   Atakilt Hagos   and Geberew Tulu Mekonnen   

This study reports the status and challenges of the integrated functional adult literacy program's implementation in Ethiopia. It dealt explicitly with adult learners' participation, facilitators' motivation, and stakeholder collaboration. Little is known about functional adult literacy in Ethiopia [1]. Document analysis, focus group discussion, and questionnaire were used to collect the data. A total of 418 participants took part in the study. Descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (multiple regression model) were used to analyse the quantitative data whilst thematic analysis was used for qualitative part. The results showed that dropout rates and discontinuous program attendance were found to be the significant factors affecting those adult learners in the system. Lack of facilitators' motivation and weak stakeholder collaboration was also identified as impeding factors. The age of adult learners, their annual income, appropriateness of the program schedule, and adult learner occupation significantly determined adult learner program attendance. Based on the findings of the study, unless the program operation is collaboratively planned, resourced and monitored, it could be challenging to know whether the program is for the needy and up to the expected pace or not. So, effective monitoring and evaluation in program operation have its own stance to improve program implementation. The study suggests that consensus building, frequent program monitoring, and program enforcement would be worth considering providing quality education for adult learners.

Nguyen Hung Hoa   and Ngo Anh Tuan   

Introduction: In nursing education, reflective competence is evaluated by achieving tacit knowledge, mentioning the patient's attitude, and applying flexible skills. Writing clinical diaries and learning journals can enhance reflective competence. Aims: The paper aims to use a clinical diary and learning journal for improving reflective competence. Methodology: 17 nursing students were randomly divided into controlled group and experimental group. The controlled group learned with the current teaching method, while the experimental group used a formed clinical diary and structured learning journal. After two weeks, all participants were asked to self-evaluate by scoring the implementation frequency and evaluating the teacher's clinical score. Results: The clinical score is higher in the experimental group (9.13 ± 0.52) than in the control group (8.39 ± 0.65). The difference between the controlled group and the experimental group was significant, with p = 0.022< 0.05. The mean of reflective competence in the experimental (3.98 ± 0.47) is higher than the mean in the controlled group (2.92 ± 0.16). The difference in reflective competence between the controlled and experimental groups has been highly significant, with p < 0.001. Conclusion: Writing a clinical diary and learning journal effectively improves reflective competence, helping nursing students achieve tacit knowledge, mention the patient's attitude, and apply flexible skills.

Sahrul Syawal   Patta Bundu   and Anshari   

One of the lecturers' duties apart from teaching is to develop learning products that are used to overcome various problems encountered during the learning process. For that reason, each lecturer must develop their learning model so that learning objectives can be adequately achieved. The large number of lecturers who only use ready-made teaching materials has an impact on student learning outcomes, which are still low. This can be understood because, in essence, the learning problems faced by students are different. This study aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed STEM-based calculus learning model in tertiary institutions. This study is part of research and development focused on the trial phase, which includes testing the validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Christian University of Toraja, Makassar, Indonesia, with participants consisting of 5 validators/experts, two lecturers, and 20 students. Data collection was carried out using learning outcome tests, validation sheets, lecturer response questionnaires, teacher response questionnaires, and observation sheets. The data that have been collected are then analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques using SPSS version 20. The results show that the STEM-based calculus learning model that has been developed is proven to be valid, practical, and effective to improve students' learning outcomes.

Zhai Xiuwen   and Abu Bakar Razali   

The field of English language communication competence learning and acquisition has been revolutionized by the increasing development of technology. The application of social media has now been popular inside and outside of the English language classrooms. The development of technology in the past fifty years, the more recent mobile devices and the Web 2.0 technology have provided numerous opportunities for its use in improving English communication competence. TikTok, one of the popular social media platforms among Chinese international undergraduate students, is now playing an interesting role in their English communication competence learning during Covid-19 pandemic because TikTok supplies English videos with popular topics among youngsters. However, very few studies have been conducted on the utilization of TikTok on EFL undergraduate students' English communication competence. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the potential on the utilization of TikTok and how it impacts on English language communication competence acquisition among Chinese international undergraduate students by reviewing previous and recent studies focusing on TikTok as well as other social medias such as Facebook, YouTube, WeChat and so on. It is important to note that even though previous relevant studies have showcased the positive effects of using social media as learning aids in English language communication acquisition, very few literatures having been published focusing on the utilization of TikTok in English language communication acquisition. The expected findings of this paper could reveal the potential of using TikTok for international undergraduate Chinese students out of EFL classroom in improving their English Communication Competence and for increasing their interests of speaking English. The researchers showcase critical views, recommendations, as well as implications for the utilization of TikTok in the field of English language communication competence acquisition among EFL undergraduate students.

Jogymol Kalariparampil Alex   

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are the core of the digital economy and could be important catalysts for progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which can improve people's lives. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognises the great potential of global connectivity to accelerate human progress. ICT has become an integral part of educational development as it enhances the efficiency and productivity of both teaching and learning of any subject. Though remarkable progress has been made in terms of access to ICT integrated education in South Africa, the issue of its reaching every rural school student and teacher has not been resolved. Against this backdrop, this paper looks at learning environments and the use of ICTs in rural schools in the Eastern Cape, a rural South African province, through an empirical quantitative study; and calls for creating sustainable learning environments through the effective implementation and use of ICTs. Data on the learning environments in Eastern Cape schools were collected from three different sources. A sample of university students and school teachers provided information on the ICT environment in schools. Government reports on ICT integrated teaching that shed light on the vision and planning of the creation of sustainable learning environments in rural education contexts, were also analysed. It is concluded that computer access and other forms of technology have dramatically increased in South Africa, however, the level of classroom utilization of technology does not correlate with this significant rise in rural schools. This calls for audacious investments to be accomplished in two major aspects: networking the classrooms with internet facilities and equipping the teachers with ICT implementation in the classrooms. Only then can sustainable learning environments in the rural schools be comprehended in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in South Africa.

Hiyam Ahmad Al-Badareen   

The present study is aimed at investigating the trends of the female students in Al-Azraq Syrian refugee camp towards using "Darsak" platform in learning English language. To achieve the aim of the study, an attitude scale with three dimensions (affective component, perceived usefulness, and perceived control) was prepared and it consisted in its final form of 21 items. It was applied to 110 students of the eighth, ninth and tenth grades from schools in Al-Azraq camp for Syrian refugees in Zarqa Governorate in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan during the 1st semester of 2020/2021. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The mean scores and standard deviations for the attitudes of the students towards "Darsak" platform in learning English were extracted. Based on the analysis, the results revealed that the female students displayed moderate attitudes towards using "Darsak" platform in learning the English language on the questionnaire items as a whole; whereas the students' attitudes on the items of the three dimensions of the questionnaire ranged from weak to moderate levels. The results were discussed and the study ended with recommendations to review and develop "Darsak" platform to achieve the desired educational objectives of using this platform as a digital educational tool.

Zdeněk Vilímek   Jiří Kantor   and Jana Kořínková   

Vibroacoustic therapy (VAT) is a modern therapeutic approach that combines low-frequency sound vibrations with listening to music. One of the new technologies developed for VAT is Vibrobed, a vibrating bed intended for rehabilitation. The aim of the present pilot study with mixed methods research design is to explore the impact of a Vibrobed course using an original listening program called The Elements 2019 on the subjective experience of study participants, specifically on their physical perception, emotions and mental associations. The study involved 30 university students who underwent three sessions on the Vibrobed. The research data were obtained through a newly-designed questionnaire (processed by means of descriptive statistics and paired t-test) and through qualitative interviews (processed by means of inductive content analysis). The study results seem to indicate that a session on the Vibrobed may increase the level of perceived physical well-being and relaxation, and that it has potential for psychosomatic regulation of the human body. This could be utilized in coping with acute stress and has a positive influence on the quality of life of students in various educational institutions, for instance in the form of preventive programmes at universities. Due to the limitations of the current study, however, it is yet necessary to verify the potential use of the vibroacoustic program through further research, ideally using an experimental design.

Kusno   Sutarto   Sri Yuliani   Sanapiah   and Arif Rahman   

Mathematics teacher's competences in understanding some properties and relationships between the elements of geometry objects support the students' learning in mastering the geometry contents. This research investigates and describes the creative thinking approach of teacher candidates in defining geometry concepts based on recognizing primitive and elementary objects, drawing, and writing process of concept image. The steps are as follows. Using pre-test, we evaluated the students who had a good basic knowledge of geometry to attend a geometry course. We provided seven geometry definitions to encourage the students to understand. Then, they were tested and ranked by their understandings of the seven definitions with passing grade minimum score sixty of interval 0-100. From the qualified students, they do the task to compose some alternative definitions of these concepts through the creative thinking scheme. We interviewed them to know the understanding process. This research found that students' creativity offers many ideas and ways to construct diverse alternative definitions. It included understanding pre-knowledge, the essential features needed to build the geometry concepts, and structuring definition language. We discovered three group types of creative thinking result in the defining geometry concepts, i.e., productive-creative, constant-creative, and decrease-creative thinking. This research contributes knowledge for students about how geometry definitions are constructed by introducing primitive and elementary objects of geometry, sketching concepts image, and writing practice of the concepts. The creative thinking scheme can guide and lead students to state the geometry definitions in both descriptive and connotative expressions with different sentences.

Suthipiyapathra S.   

Teacher-student conference is one feedback technique to enhance students' writing. This study aims to investigate the effects of teacher-student conference on paragraph writing of EFL learners and explore students' opinions towards teacher-student conference as a feedback technique. The sample involved 23 Thai English major students taking a paragraph writing course. The research instruments consisted of pretest/posttest, writing tasks, writing rubric, the report on teacher-student conferencing, and a semi-structured interview. T-test, min, max, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that students significantly improved their paragraph writing after teacher-student conferencing at .05 level. Students got the highest mean score in a process paragraph but the lowest mean score in a narrative paragraph. Topic sentence was the highest aspect that students improved their writing in, while verb tense was the least. Students' opinions were found in five areas: 1) discuss strengths and weaknesses, 2) build relationships between students and teacher, 3) develop ideas on assignments, 4) plan for revision, and 5) clarify grades. The results showed that students thought the main advantage of the teacher-student conference was developing ideas, whereas clarifying grades was the least advantageous. Further studies should work on strategies to improve each type of writing so that teachers can apply each writing strategy in response to the different learning needs of students.

Zainab R. Aldhanhani   and Emad A. S. Abu-Ayyash   

Oral reading fluency skill is one of the keys to reading comprehension. Despite the significance of this skill, many reading curricula pay no attention to it [1]. Private schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are giving great attention to reading fluency more than public schools. As a result, the current study adopted the exploratory qualitative design, in which three tools (documents analysis, classroom observations, and interviews) were employed respectively to investigate this issue in two private schools within the UAE. In particular, this study aimed: (1) to identify oral reading strategies used in private schools, (2) to identify the assessment strategies used to assess oral reading fluency, and (3) to identify if there is a match between the reading-aloud strategies and the assessment strategies used. Interestingly, the exploratory design helped to gain well-founded insights about the significance of teaching and assessing this skill. Moreover, the findings revealed English teachers' practices in teaching and assessing students' oral reading fluency. Teachers used plenty of reading-aloud strategies such as repeated reading, pair reading, individual reading-aloud, practice reading, choral reading, reading practice, and assisted reading to build and improve students' reading fluency. It was also obvious that different assessment techniques were employed to assess students' oral reading fluency such as the rubric, checklist, DIBLES: WCPM test, word efficiency test, and keeping records of students' performance. Furthermore, it was clear that the aforementioned assessment tools were suitable with the reading-aloud instruction provided to the students. Notably, this research has contributed to the limited body of knowledge within the UAE about the significance of integrating reading-aloud strategies in any reading programs to develop students' fluency and comprehension. The study bridged the gap in the literature through exploring more than one strategy and more than one assessment tool used to boost students' oral reading fluency. According to the previous findings, fostering oral reading fluency and creating a better reader, who reads fluently should be taken into account. Therefore, oral reading fluency should not be neglected. Policymakers and curriculum designers have to think of incorporating teaching and assessing oral reading fluency into reading programs and curriculum.

Havatidi Madzamba   and Desmond Wesley Govender   

The use of technology has necessarily invaded all aspects of our lives. One such area is education, especially that of lecturers at teacher training colleges. However, availability of technology in the education system does not necessarily mean the use of technology. Acceptance of technology use by individuals is critical to the successful implementation of technology in teacher training. Therefore, there is a need to research factors that determine the intention to use technology. Researchers have listed numerous variables that influence the intention to use the technology in various aspects of education. This article aimed to determine whether age, gender and academic qualification influence lecturers' behavioural intention to accept and use technology. Data were collected from lecturers in 10 teacher-training colleges using a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)-based questionnaire. SPSS (v. 20) descriptive statistics were used in data analysis. The results indicated that gender, age and level of education have no influence on the behavioural intention to accept and use technology. These findings provide important practical implications, which must be considered in technology training of teacher training college lecturers.

Anders Råde   

Puppets as pedagogical tools with young children have a long tradition in therapy and healthcare, but the tradition and practice in ECEC (Early Childhood Education and Care) have decreased in recent years. The academic learning outcomes of ECEC require a clearer connection to researching the professional practice. If puppets are to be introduced as functional pedagogical tools, it is important to find theoretical support for their use. This study is a systematic review of 37 research articles concerning the pedagogical use of puppets with young children, focusing on the theoretical relationship. The review reveals four theoretical perspectives, constructivism, psychology, sociology and art. The finding of the two most common perspectives, constructivism and psychology is not surprising but does give some new insights into relevant and functional terms and approaches. Perezhivanie is an example of a relevant term from Vygotsky to understand the pedagogical use of puppets. A bit surprising was the finding of Corsaro in the perspective of sociology, and an insight here is that also this theory and concept can be useful when puppets are used to teach children social behaviour. More surprising is that the art perspective includes few articles. However, the foundation of theoretical support in art, narrative pedagogy, seems highly relevant and worthy of development.

Sikolia Cleophas Kalabai   Florence Abuyeka Miima   and Samson Hossana Ondigi   

Reading is a language skill which is very important in almost all aspects of life. It is used in education and other daily activities. Therefore, reading is a critical skill which should be taught appropriately in schools. Despite this, many learners in primary schools cannot read the grade-level materials written in Kiswahili. This is attributed to the failure of the conventional strategies to promote reading. To find the solution to this problem, the current study investigated the influence of DRTA on the learner's abilities in reading Kiswahili as L2 and to establish its influence on the learner's reading abilities on the basis of gender. This was an experimental study that adopted both the Solomon Four Group and qualitative designs. Purposive sampling was used to select four primary schools from which 72 grade four learners and 4 teachers of Kiswahili were sampled. The stratified and random sampling techniques were used to select them. The data were collected by the pretest and posttest and analyzed by the ANOVA. The results indicated that the DRTA had more influence on the learner's reading abilities than the conventional strategies. However, the DRTA didn't cause any significant difference in the performance of boys and girls in reading. The study recommends that the teachers of Kiswahili adopt DRTA in teaching reading in the middle classes where learners begin learning by reading. The teachers can also use the DRTA in teaching other language skills and learners who lack interest in reading or have reading difficulties.

Ngoc-Giang Nguyen   Thi-Ngoc Hoang   and Thi-Khanh-Linh Bui   

Discovery teaching is an active teaching method. It helps develop the quality of student's competencies. It is really important in teaching using math tools and means. Our research focuses on understanding the perspective of discovery teaching as well as referring to the construction of a teaching method of plane geometry extreme problems with the help of specific GeoGebra software at secondary school. By the method of theoretical research, investigation as well as descriptive statistical methods, we find that using GeoGebra software has a great impact on the learning of plane geometric extreme problems of students. Students are interested and active in lesson construction. Students examine, create new problems by themselves, verify and discover solutions. The study also shows that GeoGebra software helps predict and find solutions, especially plane geometric extreme problems with a one-variable function. In Vietnam, with the introduction of a new general education program in mathematics, the application of mathematical tools and means is now very important. GeoGebra software was introduced right in 6th grade to teach. Students were introduced in detail to the features of the software. Therefore, the research results have an important meaning in building a lesson in solving plane geometric extreme problems with the help of GeoGebra softwarec at secondary school. Our paper refers to the views of discovery teaching, the teaching process using GeoGebra software in plane geometric extreme problems and gives an example of discovery teaching that applies GeoGebra software in plane geometric extreme problems.

Kamran Ahmed Siddiqui   

This paper aims to share the experiences of designing a new all-inclusive assessment tool for marketing curriculum. For decades marketing plan has been considered as a universally acceptable component of marketing curriculum. Normally it has the highest weightage in the list of assessment items for any marketing syllabus at undergraduate, graduate, and executive education. But assessing marketing plan itself is considered as a difficult job by academics. This paper proposes all-inclusive, one-page Marketing Model Canvas as a tool for assessing marketing plan curriculum. It has seven parts; Customers; Competitors; Value Proposition; Product and Branding; Place and Distribution; Pricing; and Promotion.

Chin-San Lin   Yu-Ling Lu   and Chi-Jui Lien   

The study applies machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate the association between the length of a test item written in Chinese (through word count), item difficulty, and students’ item perceptions (IPs) in science term examinations. For Research Question 1, items for grade 7 students aged 12–13 in a Taiwanese secondary school from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. For Research Question 2, the study included 4,916 students from the said population. For RQ3, perceptions were gathered from 48 students of the same school in 2020. The study’s results showed that first, the average word count of the 611 items was 88.81, with an average stem word count of 41.16, average options word count of 47.66, and stem-to-options word count ratio (S-O ratio) of 1.27. Second, given that the ML M5P categorization algorithm affirms the items’ predictive power, the length of an item is a key factor in determining its difficulty. As a result of this algorithm, 3 categories of the length of science term examination items were classified (<57.5 words, 57.5–91.5 words, and >91.5 words), and 3 linear prediction models of item difficulty (LM1, LM2, and LM3) were generated. From these models, it was found that as the length of an item increases, so does its difficulty. In the prediction analysis of students’ IPs, the J48 prediction result was better and convertible into understandable rules. IP was the root node of the decision rule, indicating the importance of this variable. Therefore, students would more likely answer an item correctly when 1) it was perceived to be easy or normal, 2) the students had high or ordinary learning achievements in science, and 3) it contained less than 71 words. The study’s results can be used as a reference for educators, examiners, and researchers in practical science term examination design. Moreover, it can guide the further research method and direction of applying machine learning in analyzing the difficulty of items in scientific assessments.

Odeh Suleiman Murad   

Psychological stress is a feature of human life. Some people feel more stressed than others. Therefore, the mental state of university students is one of the most important indicators that define the results or consequences of stress. A person has a certain ability to withstand stress. If she/he could not afford, new behavioral patterns emerge, resulting in further stress and problems. Thus, the student's failure to resolve problems causes ongoing emotional conflicts that affect energy and reduce achievement motivation. The present study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program on reducing psychological stress and improve achievement motivation among university students. It adopted the quasi-experimental method and covered a sample of (50) students distributed randomly to an experimental group of (25) students and a control group of (25) students. Results revealed differences in the arithmetic means of the students' responses to the scales of psychological stress and achievement motivation in favor of the post-test and the experimental group. The study recommended adopting the cognitive-behavioral therapy program to reduce stress and improve achievement motivation of university students.

Goh Lay Huah   

In this article, I explained that concept and practice of teacher research were regarded as difficult for a novice teacher. I reflected how I could have benefited from the reflective practice and teacher research in promoting my growth as a teacher. This was a qualitative self-study research. It drew upon data from reflective journal notes as well as secondary sources of evidence derived from the findings of over 30 researches I had conducted. I reflected about teacher research at two levels – the personal perspective and the teachers' perspective. I shared how the reflective practice nurtured my research efforts. I observed how I grew as a teacher and how the notions of research changed as I delved more into the world of inquiry for continuous improvement of career as an educator. Research, specifically action research, became enquiry and learning in classroom practice. I also shared my thinking about what research meant for teachers in general, what issues they faced and what conditions hindered and enabled their research efforts. I noted that there were constraining factors and inhibiting factors that hindered the research efforts, but they were mitigated by conditions that motivated research. These were the opportunity conditions, the enabling conditions, and the enhancers. In conclusion, I noted that the strategies for continuous self-improvement were reflective practices and research into best classroom practices. In this way, reflection and research became ingrained in the practice; on-going educational research and development became a driver for change and continuous improvement, in addition to enhancing professionalism and quality learning.

Margaret Jepkemboi Ayub   Thomas K. Ronoh   Micah C. Chepchieng   and Teresa Njonge   

Secondary level of education has been reviewed as a fundamental stage for education progression where learners acquire basic skills in their future areas of specialization. At this level, students participate in educational activities that pertain to secondary school education. However, in Baringo County there is high prevalence of teenage pregnancies due to high poverty levels, high illiteracy rates among parents and retrogressive cultural beliefs that may have influenced the educational participation of student mothers. The purpose of the study was therefore to establish the influence of family factors on educational participation of student mothers in public secondary schools in Baringo County, Kenya. This study was ex-post facto in approach and utilized correlational research design. The target population for the study was 1277 student mothers. The sample size of the student mothers in this study was 296 and was selected using stratified random sampling. The study collected data from student mothers using questionnaires. Validity of the questionnaires was ascertained through developing the research instruments in line with the research objectives and also consulting the supervisors and lecturers in educational foundations. A pilot study was done among 30 student mothers to ascertain the reliability of the questionnaires. Based on the pilot data, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the family factors questionnaires was 0.870 and 0.885 for educational participation. The data was analysed using SPSS version 24. The study found that there was a significant relationship between family factors and educational participation of student mothers in secondary schools in Baringo County at 5% significance level. The study concluded that family factors significantly influenced educational participation of student mothers. The study findings would benefit many educational stakeholders, policymakers, and scholars in increasing the educational participation of student mothers through enhanced family support.

Margarita Inuk   Erdawati   Tjipto Sumadi   and Jarudin   

Instructional media is a tool used in the learning process to convey material, information and communicate with students to achieve learning effectiveness. The use of instructional media is also expected to increase students' understanding of the subjects being taught. This study aims to develop instructional media in improving creative thinking skills in early childhood ages 5-6 years. The number of samples in this study was 36 divided into three groups. The first group consisted of three students with different characteristics for the implementation of the one-to-one trial. The second group consists of 6 students for the small group trial. At the same time, the third group consisted of 25 students for field trials. The instruments used were pre-test and post-test. The stages of developing instructional media are carried out in three main stages, namely; 1) conduct needs analysis, 2) develop initial products, 3) expert validation, revisions, and trials. The results showed that effective instructional media could improve early childhood creative thinking skills. For that, it is suggested that teachers become learning developers, not just educators. Therefore an understanding of development research is needed to support the learning process. Implications Educational institutions can take advantage of learning media that have been developed because of the obstacles that students have faced in increasing their creative thinking skills.

Noluthando Matola   and Kehdinga George Fomunyam   

The internationalisation and globalisation of our current world has led to the mobility of students across borders in the pursuit of quality education. South Africa has become a popular choice destination for some of these students who intend to further their studies by undertaking postgraduate programs in different fields. For variety of reasons, these students take up part time jobs whilst studying, and some continue to tow the education line by becoming part time lecturers. This paper explores the experiences of postgraduate student lecturers in South Africa. Using a qualitative case study research approach, this paper adopts a purposeful sampling strategy to generate data from participants who were pursuing their postgraduate degrees at masters and PhD levels. Findings reveal that the major challenges faced by postgraduate student lecturers in South Africa include culture shock, technological barrier, inadequate academic resources to work with, and the struggle to create a study-work-life balance. This paper recommends that international postgraduate students lecturing be trained and taught the basics of some South African cultures before they are allowed to handle students in the classroom. The learning environment should be made conducive enough to facilitate effective teaching and learning because, overcrowded classrooms affect both lecturers and students. Lastly, these student lecturers should be offered training in the use of technologies used for delivering their lectures, and all learning resources needed to ensure a seamless teaching and learning process should be made available.

Jamaluddin   Patta Bundu   Anshari   and Muhammad Yunus   

This study aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness (development stage) of developing a course model and training based on online application services and a Learning Management System (LMS) to improve students' competence in the computer field. This research focuses on the development stage of the ADDIE theory (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation) Robert Maribe Branch (2009). The development stage consists of the validity test by the expert, the practicality test by the instructor, and the effectiveness test by the students. The subjects of this study were 30 students and 7 instructors of the Computer Course Program at the Makassar City Course and Training Institute. In addition, five validators were selected as participants to assess the validity of this research product. The data collection techniques used were validation sheets, questionnaires, and tests. The collected data were analyzed using a quantitative approach with the help of SPSS 22.00. The results showed that the research products in the form of model books and course model tools and training based on online application services and Learning Management System (LMS) were declared valid, practical, and effective and could be used by instructors to teach courses and computer training.

Songpon Phadungphatthanakoon   Duongdearn Suwanjinda   and Suchin Visavateeranon   

In the COVID-19 pandemic situation, online education is an interesting way to enable learning anywhere. Especially in postgraduate instruction, the student's arguments, and shared knowledge and experiences with colleges are important and can be enhanced by collaborative learning activities in certain seminar courses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using the webinar on Microsoft teams considered from satisfaction towards the webinar and attitude toward MST. The participants were 40 graduate students who enrolled in a seminar in science curriculum and instruction course at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University. The research tools were as follows: 1) A satisfaction towards the webinar questionnaire, 2) attitude toward the MST questionnaire, and 3) an interview form. The mean, standard deviation and content analysis were used for data analysis. The results of this study indicated that the vast majority of graduate students had felt satisfaction towards the webinar and attitude toward MST were scored at an overall high level. The results suggested that the collaborative learning on webinars could be an appropriate alternative to be used as supplement for traditional face-to-face learning, particularly when there is a need for locational flexibility.

Gaynor Adams   and Bernadictus Plaatjies   

Principal-teacher conflict has become one of the most serious school-related battles. This type of conflict is detrimental to the school, and this problem is mainly attributed to the conflict that is left unattended or unmanaged. This study, therefore, investigates how the conflict between principals and teachers can be managed. This qualitative study was conducted in the ZF Mgcawu district in the Northern Cape, South Africa. This study followed a case study research design, selecting participants using the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through the use of open-ended questionnaires and analysed thematically. The study's findings revealed that conflict management should play an important role in managing and reducing principal-teacher conflict. It also confirmed that unattended conflict between principals and teachers have detrimental effects on school culture and that functional conflict management strategies are necessary for conflict to be less destructive in the school environment. It is therefore recommended greater awareness about this topic in general. Specific strategies should be implemented to guide principals as well as teachers on how to manage conflict functionally.

Nhat Truong Tran Minh   and Hong Bui Van   

Outcome-Based learning is becoming more and more popular worldwide since the 1980s, and now it is a very vital approach in education. This study aims to examine the satisfaction of undergraduates with their learning outcomes of EFL attainment based on the four English skills which include: listening, speaking, writing, and reading, and also their learning activities perceptions and assessment tasks applied in the class. The study participants involved 300 third or fourth-year students who had completed the four courses of General English (GE) and did different disciplines at Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. The study employed both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires as data collection instruments. Data were analyzed by content analysis and descriptive statistics. From the findings of the study, it was evident that a larger percentage of students were not very satisfied with their learning outcomes, and those students had a negative perception about assessment tasks and learning activities applied in the class. However, a larger percentage of the students were very satisfied with the writing sub-skill. The study recommended that the quality of implementation of the EFL curriculum should be improved particularly at the university and generally at the Vietnamese tertiary level.

Nguyen Thi Thu Ha   

Objectives of the study: Evaluate the effectiveness of lectures designed and apply teaching methods for Grade 10 Physics. Research Methods: We conducted research with 81 students (Grade 10). Tools used include: lesson plans teach knowledge about the movement of the thrown object and are taught over a 2-week period. We first design the scientific progression diagram for the teaching activity, and the next is a process for specific teaching about the motion of the thrown object. To evaluate the research results, we use a carefully designed Rubric to evaluate the physics teaching process in the way that I propose. Research results: I find that students are excited about this teaching method, they are interested in examining knowledge, applying knowledge to solving situations in life, narrowing the gap between theory and real life, and increase students' motivation and flexibility in problem solving.

Jayaluxmi Naidoo   and Rajendran Govender   

As we embrace the Fourth Industrial Revolution, transformations in education necessitate the use of technology-based pedagogy. This study explored postgraduate mathematics education students' perceptions of using technology-based tools and resources. This qualitative and interpretive study was conducted at a university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study was framed utilizing the theory of connectivism and the three worlds of mathematics theory. Connectivism is a learning theory that is considered to be strengthened by existing technology-based tools and is founded on the notion that ubiquitous Information Communication Technology impacts teaching and learning. The three worlds of mathematics theory support the view that the development of mathematical thinking is founded on perception, operation and reasoning. Postgraduate mathematics education students engaged in interactive workshops using different online platforms. Subsequently, a sample of participants was interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The interviews were conducted via various online platforms. Data that were generated were analyzed thematically. The results revealed two main themes. These themes focused on the strengths and challenges of using technology-based tools and resources to learn mathematics as perceived by the participants. The results of this study provide evidence that technology-based tools and resources may also be considered by lecturers when teaching mathematics topics that involve drawing complex mathematical diagrams and solving problems based on these complex mathematics diagrams. Also, the results support the view that to alleviate challenges associated with using technology-based tools and resources, lecturers need to ensure that the technology-based tools and resources being used are user-friendly, inexpensive, readily available and data-efficient. Moreover, this study support the view that lecturers need to consider attending professional development workshops and seminars that focus on integrating technology effectively in educational environments. This study has relevance globally and nationally when considering the implications of using technology-based tools and resources for learning mathematics.

Thomas Masvosve   Moeketsi Mosia   and Johane Hlatywayo   

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges are currently not succeeding in developing requisite skills in Electrical Engineering Studies. The aim of this study was to investigate opportunities to learn (OTL) created for Electrical Engineering students at a TVET College. The study was conducted using a mixed method case study where 101 questionnaires were distributed to all the students enrolled for N1 Electrical Trade Theory, and interviews conducted with 6 students purposively sampled based on their performance, and with the only lecturer teaching the subject. Document analysis was also employed to source vital curriculum information for the subject. The research resulted in a number of significant findings, namely; engineering theory lessons taught were not complemented by practical work or experiments, teaching methods and learning activities did not promote active participation on the part of students, classes were composed of both young and so-called mature students, there were not enough assessment opportunities and instructional resources. The research therefore, recommends that lecturers be appropriately qualified, so that they are informed about teaching and learning methods suitable for students of mixed abilities, ages and backgrounds; and that they employ teaching methods that are learning-centred, which result in students actively creating knowledge through their own experiences. It is likely that the more a lecturer practices this type of teaching, and takes into consideration relevant contextual factors; the more s/he will enhance the creation of OTL for Electrical Engineering at a TVET college.

Khaoula Dobli Bennani   Khalid Ayad   and Mostafa Elhachloufi   

In recent years, the concept of university governance has become a determining factor in the quality of higher education in different countries and possibly has an impact on their economic and social development. The study aimed to identify the state of governance of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University according to the views of students. The researchers used the descriptive method in the study. The population of the study consisted of all the students of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University for the 2017/2018 academic year. The study sample was random and had 947 members. The researchers used a questionnaire to collect the data to achieve the study's objectives. It was composed of (20) distributed elements in the fields of study. The results indicated that within the University of Fez, there is a very moderate application of the principles of governance, which may also be the case for other Moroccan universities. This may well be the source of the failure of our higher education system.

Mncube D. W.   Hadebe-Ndlovu B.   and Uleanya C.   

In the past, special education to serve this vulnerable group in public schools was completely neglected. Only well-resourced special schools were privileged to serve the minority in South Africa. The current education system prepares teachers who are generalists, with very little specialised training to teach visually impaired learners. Hence, this study presents a case study of six novice teachers employed without the proper qualification to teach visually impaired learners in the Foundation Phase. This study was premised on understanding that most Foundation Phase teachers have been teaching visually impaired learners without training. Qualitative method was adopted for data collection. This was done through the use of semi-structured interviews. Burden's theory on teacher development stages was used to analyse data. Findings reveal that novice teachers require immense support and guidance to teach visually impaired learners in the Foundation Phase. Otherwise, they are not providing the quality education envisaged in the Constitution of the Republic. The study therefore recommends amongst others that since government has responsibility to provide equitable and quality education to all people, irrespective of their physical condition, the quality of education provided for visually impaired learners in the Foundation Phase should be reconsidered. This is to ensure access with success, rather than participatory access.

Van Ky Long Nguyen   Thi My Hanh Le   Thi Minh Chau Tran   Thi Hien Le   Thi Thu Hien Le   and Nhu Hoa Vo   

The current world is in a period of remarkably rapid development of the world economy, which requires timely educational thinking innovation or else will quickly fall behind. Currently, education is a matter of deep concern, not only for experts in the industry but also for students who are directly studying at the university. Additionally, education has recently changed into a service business and adapted to private universities. However, since private universities are not granted much funding from the state, unlike their public counterparts, there are several pressing obstacles that the private institutions have to face, such as advancing the quality of services and achieving students' satisfaction to attract more customers and investors. This tendency has led to significant demands for a structural, comprehensive, and specific approach to measuring the standard of service delivery. Therefore, this study is released to offer an advanced and more specific approach to assessing the quality of university training through the Service-Product Bundle model, along with providing the integrated model to calculate the level of student satisfaction with education quality and identifying the essential factors that affect the student satisfaction. Besides, since there are not many assessments that have been done in private universities, this study proposes to investigate the state of private education quality. The research results reveal that there are five components affecting student satisfaction, namely tuition, lecturers, serviceability, education program, infrastructure respectively. Accordingly, by detecting weaknesses, inadequacies in the learning process, the authors then contribute a basis for proposing implications and recommendations to managers of private universities in general, and FPT University Da Nang in detail, to address problems and outline the timely strategies, yet amend student satisfaction with the quality of education.

Leckson Mukavhi   and Deonarain Brijlall   

The COVID-19 pandemic globally transformed the face to face teaching and learning into digital online teaching and learning. The uptake and integration of digital technology in mathematics education have been gradual for many decades. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the digital teaching and learning and made it an imperative and safe remote instruction and pedagogy of the day in mathematics education and education in general. We explored the uptake and use of virtual mathematics laboratory methodology for undergraduate Calculus teaching and learning as a remote instruction and pedagogy gap revealed during the COVID-19 infections prevention and containment period in Zimbabwe. The main objective of the study was to identify digital instructional and pedagogical gaps that existed in addressing students' mathematical misconceptions in Calculus learning in using the APOS theory and a virtual mathematics laboratory. Data was collected from 160 undergraduate students taking Calculus courses via APOS theory mediated digital mathematics laboratory for a semester. Results revealed that the undergraduate students who took the Calculus courses via the digital mathematics laboratory methodology performed better than those who used to take the same courses using didactical approaches. This COVID-19 crisis ushered in digital teaching and learning experiences that clearly spelt out the existence of digital instructional and pedagogical gaps in mathematics education.

Ungsinun Intarakamhang   and Sudarat Tuntivivat   

Higher education in Thailand has undergone major changes due to digital disruptions, demographic transitions, and the immense competition which increases the need for continuous education, learning and human resources development. The purposes of this convergent parallel mixed methods study were as follows: (1) to monitor and evaluate humanities and social sciences in scholarship programs in the Thai higher education system; (2) to assess the outcome and the impact of the humanities and social sciences scholarship program; and (3) to provide feedback on how to increase the performance of the program. The quantitative design employed a set of surveys consisting of 114 items with a Cronbach's alpha reliability between .956-.996. The sample consisted of 208 faculty members across Thailand in the humanities and social sciences who received government scholarships. The qualitative data purposively conducted interviews with 27 participants from 12 different universities. The quantitative research showed that the factors related to the program outcomes and impact identified a significant relationship between the program Context, Input, Process, and Outcome and with high correlation coefficient (r) at .579, .522, .459 and .779, respectively. The qualitative research presented comprehensive recommendations to improve the performance of humanities and social science faculty members.

Wellington Manzi   Moeketsi Mosia   and Boitumelo Moreeng   

The concept of imperfect market structures enables learners to develop mathematical and graphing skills that are needed for them to be critical thinkers and to be able to solve problems faced in their daily lives. It also provides opportunities for learners to acquire economic knowledge, which enables them to make informed economic decisions on economic events and issues they will experience as they enter the world of business and work. In spite of the importance of imperfect market structures in cultivating these skills and knowledge, learner academic achievement in economics, particularly where mathematical and graphing skills are concerned, has been regrettably poor in most countries around the globe. Hence, this qualitative study investigated the opportunities to learn mathematical and graphical skills in imperfect market structures in three selected Grade 12 economics classes. The study intended to investigate what it is that teachers do in the name of teaching and learning of mathematical and graphing skills and the reasoning behind their actions. Opportunities to Learn (OTL) is the conceptual framework which was used to determine what teachers do in the classroom that enables learners to make sense of imperfect market structures. Using the case study approach, the study was operationalised by three conveniently selected economics teachers in the Galeshewe township in South Africa. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with each of the three teachers before they conducted their classes which the researcher observed. The findings of the researcher show that little or no opportunities to learn are provided in an imperfect market structure class.

Mojakgomo Moloi   and Habasisa Molise   

This paper investigates the professional curriculum practice of economic and management sciences (EMS) teachers in teaching financial literacy. Financial literacy is the accounting part of EMS. Studies confirm that EMS, as a subject, especially the financial literacy part, deals with the logical, systematic, and accurate selection and recording of financial information and transactions, as well as the compilation, analysis, interpretation, and communication of financial statements and managerial reports for use by interested parties. The study was qualitative, with three participants selected from one rural school in the Thabo Mofutsanyane education district. In-depth interviews were used to gather information regarding the professional curriculum practice of EMS teachers and how they teach financial literacy. The data were then analyzed using the lens proposed by Laws, Harper, and Marcus (2003), which involves identifying various themes that respond to the research questions. The study revealed that there were inadequate accounting cash journal subject content knowledge, and ineffective collaboration during financial literacy lessons. The findings suggest that there should be frequent lesson observations conducted to assist EMS teachers to teach financial literacy. However, concerted efforts should be made by heads of departments and subject advisors to capacitate teachers through sharing of instructional resources, and creating space for team teaching/collaboration among teachers at the school and beyond.

J. P. Seme   B. T. Gamede   and C. Uleanya   

In the 21^st century, technology has been known to play an important role in stimulating teaching and learning exercises. Conversely, technology is seen as a tool which tends to distract learners and hamper their academic performances. Thus, this study investigates strategies that can be adapted for the control of online gadgets in order to enhance learners' academic performances in the 21^st century. Quantitative method was adopted for the study. Rural and urban based secondary schools were purposively selected, while 144 educators were randomly selected across the schools. The selected schools comprised 10 rural and 10 urban secondary schools in King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires which were administered to the 144 randomly selected educators. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study showed amongst others that there is need for the use of online technological gadgets in schools to be legalized by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) under strict terms and conditions. Also, there is need for parents according to DBE to keep the gadgets during school hours and return them after school and week-ends. The study recommends amongst others that strong alliance on control of learners' use of online gadgets should be formed amongst DBE, parents and educators.

Nasser Ahmad Al-Khawaldeh   Amani Odeh Matar   and Hussam N. Fakhouri   

This study aims to investigate the degree to which the activities guide includes life skills subject and their acquisition by high school students. To achieve the goal of this study, first of all, a questionnaire consisting of (24) paragraphs has been developed and distributed to high school students with sample of (150) students in Madaba Latin schools. Secondly, a content analysis has been performed for the activities guide that has been thought in the school titled "interactive curriculum for activity classes" and a second instrument has been developed too for the analysis of the content. The researchers used the descriptive survey method. The study results show that the degree of inclusion of life skills subject in the activities guide "interactive curriculum for activity classes" was low, and concerning the degree of high school students' acquisition of life skills, the results show that the degree of high school students acquiring life skills available in the guide has an average of (2.95%). Based on the results of the study, we recommend using the study results to review the guide "the interactive curriculum for activity classes" and to consider life skills a priority in it.

Yousef Alrashed   

Recently, literature indicated self-efficacy as an important factor in educational settings. Previous research claimed that self-efficacy had a significant role in enhancing students learning and its outcomes. However, in Saudi Arabia, university focused on improving students with the necessary skills that foster their future success. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the participants’ self-efficacy levels as well as identify the difference level of self-efficacy based on their individual factors such as gender, age, and educational levels. The study was conducted among 63 participants in a government university in Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Several statistical tests were used such as descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The study findings revealed that participants had a moderate level of self-efficacy. The findings also reported that the participants had some differences in the mean score of self-efficacy. Furthermore, insignificant differences were reported between students' variables on the self-efficacy level. The finding of this study is hoped to add to literature on students learning and the significant role of self-efficacy towards students’ future. Based on the results, implications and recommendations were highlighted.

Ngoc-Giang Nguyen   and Thi-Ngoc Tham Nguyen   

In Vietnam today, the general education program has shifted from teaching focusing on content and knowledge to teaching towards the development of students' competencies and qualities. Therefore, the ability to predict and solve problems is of special concern. However, the high school graduation exam format is multiple-choice. This results in the students' relatively weak ability to reason and solve problems. Besides, students are quite surprised when getting used to real problems. Our research is done to analyze the factors that affect students' erroneous reasoning as well as identify common errors in real problems. We surveyed 47 teachers and 163 students in Ho Chi Minh City by questionnaire. Research has shown that 65.96% of teachers and 50.92% of students think that it is very necessary to practice and develop the ability to predict and solve problems through teaching to predict and correct mistakes in real-world problems, but most teachers do not fully understand the ability to predict and solve problems in teaching practical problems. Students' manifestations of each type of mistake in teaching the ability to predict and solve problems are not high and uneven. The research results also show that there are two main groups of factors affecting the ability to predict and correct mistakes through practical problems: first, the problem is not true to reality; Second, mistakes in reasoning to solve real problems. Findings from the research have important implications for renewing teaching methods in Vietnam.

Suhandri   Yaya S. Kusumah   Turmudi   and Dadang Juandi   

Anxiety and fear are the main sources of student failure to accept mathematics learning and impact their inability to solve mathematical problems that require concentration, persistence, and seriousness. This study aims to: (1) Examine the improvement of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities through humanistic approaches and direct learning based on learning and at the school level; (2) Determine whether there is an interaction between learning (humanistic approach, direct learning) and the school level (moderate, low) on improving mathematical problem-solving abilities; (3) Students' attitudes towards the humanistic approach. This research method is quasi-experimental using the nonequivalent control-group design. The population in this study was students of class VIII MTs in Pekanbaru City, and the sample was students in two classes at each different school level, totaling 120 students. The instrument used consisted of problem-solving test questions. The conclusions obtained in this study are: (1) The overall achievement of the mathematical problem-solving ability of students who take learning with a humanistic approach is better than students who take direct learning. There are differences in the increase in problem-solving of students who take the humanistic approach and students who take direct learning; (2) The best quality in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the two learning groups is at the medium school level; (3) There is no interaction between learning (humanistic approach, direct learning) and the school level (moderate, low) on improving mathematical problem-solving abilities; (4) Learning with a humanistic approach raises a positive attitude: courageous, active and creative in students and able to work well among fellow students.

Ulziikhuyag Baasanjav   Baljinnyam Gungaa   and Enkhchimeg Dolgorsuren   

Since the 1990s, the significant modifications and innovations have been made in Mongolian higher education system. The policy that Mongolian States prioritize towards higher education is to improve the legal environment, adjust higher education institutions to international standards as well as develop world-wide competitive specialists. Higher education institutions have paid great attention to building a result-based education system, developing research-based universities, improving higher education quality and increasing the employment opportunities of graduates. Moreover, in order to prepare high-qualified, skillful specialists, the issue of improving the quality of education programs is considered to be the most essential. The major goal of Mongolian higher education innovation is to develop research-based universities with internationally approved education programs. Mongolian development policy of higher education related to " Global sustainable development policy ", "Education 2030-Incheon Declaration", "Vision 2050-Mongolian long term development policy", "State policy on education" is striving to build a knowledge-based society, accelerate economic development, improve people's lives, create productive structure which could provide social equality. With the frame of higher education reform in Mongolia, it is vital to create a qualified higher education structure with equal access and also to increase the number of graduates who are sensitive to labor market demand as well as competitive in the world.

Perdy Karuru   Patta Bundu   Anshari   and Hamsu Abdul Gani   

This study aimed to determine how the students' perceptions of the interaction form of learning Physics in Junior High Schools. The research data sources were 104 teachers and 70 students who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Observations were made to describe the results of the analysis of teachers and students' behaviour in physics science learning. Interviews were conducted to determine interactions in learning Science Physics. Data about students' perceptions of learning interactions used a questionnaire. Meanwhile, the documentation technique is used to collect data from archives and documents related to this research. The data obtained through interviews were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and concluding, while data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed through editing, scoring, and tabulating. The study results found that the form of learning interaction desired by students in junior high school was learning that combined interactions between teachers and students, students with other students, students with media/learning resources, students with their groups, and groups with other groups. This can be seen from the strength of students' perceptions of three-way or more powerful interactions with a contingency coefficient value of p = 0.9313. In addition, in this study, data obtained that of the 70 respondents there were 93.3 - 100% of students when three or more interactions were used in learning Physics in Junior High Schools. However, according to teachers and students, the use of one-way and two-way interactions is also essential to use during the learning process to deliver new concepts that are not yet / difficult for students to understand, or the limited learning tools/media, or heterogeneous characteristics of students. The teacher has not correctly understood the steps of student-centered learning, such as the contextual approach and the constructivist approach.

Adnan B Al-Ibrahim   and Amjad M Daradkah   

The current study identifies the responsibility of the faculty members at Yarmouk University in achieving quality in higher education. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive-analytical method is employed. The study sample consists of the faculty members at Yarmouk University in the academic year 2019-2020. The results show that the quality of higher education depends on the quality of the faculty member's performance and has several basic determinants, including mastery, righteous deed, and beneficence. The results also show that to achieve quality in the faculty member's performance, a large number of requirements shall be met such as sincerity and loyalty at work, advantageous work, working as best as possible. Moreover, it is found that quality in education is reached through the efforts made by senior university management and faculty members. Besides, the results also show that to reach accreditation at universities, individual and collective responsibility is required. The results also show that the administration of the university is also responsible, namely: the faculty members are obligated to teach, conduct research, and serve the society with utmost quality. Furthermore, it is found that the government, i.e. the Accreditation Board is required to monitor universities and ensure that they achieve quality in teaching, conducting research, and serving the community and society.

Arul Kumaravelu   and ESM Suresh   

The focus of the article is the development of a Quality Assurance Framework for the institutions that offer Fashion Technology Courses in India. The present study explores and analyses the different quality frameworks and accreditation systems prevailing in the higher education system in India. Based on the extensive review of the past literature and the existing quality systems, a new set of quality assurance framework parameters has been indented and developed for assessing the quality of Fashion Technology Courses in India. The descriptive study was conducted with the faculty members of National Institute of Fashion Technology, India. The profound analysis identified the quality parameters applicable for various stakeholders like students, faculty, management, assessment and evaluation experts, curriculum designers etc. The key parameters used to develop the quality assurance framework are categorized as Resources, Education Management, Instructional Planning & Delivery, Assessment & Evaluation, Generic Skills and Learning Experiences and Skill Requirements. The study has revealed several implications on the various aspects contributing to these parameters and the ranking for their respective impact on ensuring quality in Fashion Technology education in India. A deeper understanding and focus to improve the top-rated contributors to these key parameters will ensure Enhanced Quality Framework for the Institutions offering Fashion technology Courses in India.

Mansyur Suma   

This study aims at describing the pronunciation of fourth grade students in reading poetry at SDN Bontokamase Gowa. The study was a quantitative descriptive study. The population was the students in all elementary schools in Gowa district. The sample of the study was all students in grade IV at SDN Bontokamase Gowa that consisted of 20 females and 17 males. The data of the study were collected through observation, documentation, and field note. The data were analyzed by using quantitative descriptive analysis to understand the pronunciation of fourth grade students in reading poetry. The results of the study showed that there were 27 students with high score, 7 students with medium score and 3 students with low score assessed by three assessors. The students with very good score can pronounce well with accurate word and clear in reading title, lines and rhymes. While the three students with low score cannot pronounce with accurate word and clear in reading title, lines and rhymes. While the average score of students’ pronunciation is 3. 49. Thus, it was concluded that the skills to read poetry of students in terms of pronunciation aspect were in a very good category.

Maritza G. Méndez-Ortega   Erick P. Herrera-Granda   Adriana E. Prado Malte   and Rodolfo B. Heredia Enríquez   

Control of online evaluations online modality using artificial vision is a qualitative study that is based on the method of analysis and bibliographic conceptualization of 59 scientific articles taken from a total of 123 existing in the various bibliographic databases. The study began by addressing the issues concerned from the importance and understanding of online assessment control in the academic context to the types of computer vision algorithms and the main applications. To achieve this, the guided bibliographic technique was used through four research questions: What problems exist in online evaluations? What techniques have been used to detect plagiarism in online evaluations? What machine vision algorithms are used? What are the main detection and monitoring tasks that computer vision algorithms are capable of performing? The research questions allowed us to investigate problems of academic dishonesty, ease of committing plagiarism, online assessment control techniques, plagiarism detection techniques, object tracking algorithms, region-based algorithms, grid-based algorithms, face detection, detection of gestures and object detection. To determine the most relevant articles, three phases were considered. Phase one took into account inclusion criteria such as scientific articles, reviews, conferences evaluated by peers, studies carried out on the artificial vision algorithm, as well as online evaluations. The second phase gave the word search chain greater relevance to the bibliographic review and to provide it with adequate capacity to answer the four research questions, was ordered by year of publication, the topic, abstract and keywords were reviewed. Phase three reviewed by sections corresponding to the introduction and conclusion to know if the information contributes and if it is related to the research questions. The results of the information extracted from the scientific articles show that there is a need for supervision of students during online assessments, which can occur through computer vision algorithms, since there have been significant advances in these areas.

Lizeth Nolberto-Quispe   Milton Gonzales-Macavilca   and Ivan Iraola-Real   

This research aims to identify the influence of positive affects (AP) and negative affects (AN) on academic engagement (agentic, affective, behavioral and cognitive) in students of the Initial Education degree at a private university in Lima - Peru. The sample is made up of 148 students (100% women), from the first to the third cycle between 16 and 52 years of age (Mage = 26.20, SD = 6.53). The results revealed that the students having a positive affect will be able to have a greater engagement in their academic activities. Otherwise if the negative affects prevail, it will influence in a negative way. Likewise, it is concluded that positive affects (PA) positively predict with behavioral engagement (β = .42; p <.05), affective engagement (β = .37; p <.05) and cognitive engagement (β = .34; p <.05). Finally, in the Sobel test mediation model, it significantly confirmed that positive affects predict behavioral involvement when mediated by affective engagement. Under this premise, the question arises: How can positive affect be reinforced in the classroom for those students in initial education? How can you help those students who have negative affects? Or What can university teachers do to reinforce and encourage this enthusiasm for studies? In order to foster and incentivize positive affects in university students, it is necessary for teachers to provide an adequate climate within the classroom; and, as a higher institution, it is necessary to find suitable teachers, who do not impose themselves, who do not raise their voices, who do not intimidate, who do not condition the student, but rather motivate them to study for personal interest.

Ahmad Subhan Roza   Trisna Dinillah Harya   and Dimas Sukma Cahyadi   

This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of integrated mind mapping and carousel feedback technique in teaching writing. These techniques were integrated to facilitate the students for practicing individual and group brainstorming. It was aimed to create sufficient teaching procedures which effectively could solve the students' writing problem especially in generating and organizing ideas at prewriting process. Thus, the students' writing skill could be improved. Furthermore, a quantitative research with one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted. The samples of this study involved 21 participants consisting of 8 males and 13 females who were chosen purposively based on their low writing skill. They were students at the second semester of English Department in State Islamic Institute of (IAIN) Metro. The pretest and posttest were administered before and after the treatment was given. The data was analyzed through paired sample T-test by SPSS. The results showed that there was significant improvement of the students' writing skill after being taught by using integrated mind mapping and carousel feedback technique. The data proved that t_observed(7.421) is higher than t_table(2.086). Much deeper, the result also found that there was significant improvement on the aspects of content, organization, and vocabulary. The t_observed of content (5.458), organization (5.487), and vocabulary (2.335) is higher than t_table(2.086) at the significance level less than 0.05. It can be inferred that, the integrated mind mapping and carousel feedback technique is effective to enhance the students' writing skill particularly on the aspects of content, organization, and vocabulary. This study implied that the English teachers can apply integrated mind mapping and carousel feedback technique especially to solve students' problem in prewriting process.

Thi My Hanh Le   Van Ky Long Nguyen   Tien Son Nguyen   Tran Hoang Oanh Le   and Thi Ngoc Mai Duong   

Through globalization, the demand for high-quality education is increasing significantly, leading to rising competition among universities and colleges for enhancing educational services and attracting more students to enroll. Meanwhile, students are always looking for and demanding the most proper environments to experience education and have the foundation to find a job after graduation. This need leads to the tendency that education becomes a service that benefits both private education enterprises and their potential customers. Nevertheless, the private institutions might not have the reputation and sponsorship from the government as public universities. Therefore, the importance of studying the determinants of student satisfaction with the quality of services provided is increasingly essential and required for private educational institutions. This research aims to propose a research model in calculating the level of student satisfaction with the facility service quality in private institutions. This study was conducted using a questionnaire to survey 221 students of the FPT University Da Nang campus in the Fall semester of 2020. This research attempts to examine the relationship between facility service quality and student satisfaction, along with investigating the key factors in the aspects of service quality that contribute significantly to student satisfaction. The findings of this study identify the factors and the impact degree of these factors on student satisfaction of facility service quality in private universities.

Lindiwe G Mokotjo   and Matseliso L Mokhele   

Technology is embraced as an integral part of modern society, and hence it is also important for education to integrate various aspects of technology into teaching and learning. The South African National Development Plan (NDP) also prescribes the inclusion of quality technology to enhance the classroom experiences of both teachers and learners. GeoGebra is one of the preferred mathematics software in South African high schools. This qualitative study explores the challenges of teachers in the integration of GeoGebra in the teaching of mathematics in South African high schools. Using interpretivism as a research paradigm, we listened to and recorded the views of teachers about challenges they experienced in the integration of GeoGebra. The data was elicited from four purposively selected teachers from the Bojanala District in the North West Province of South Africa by using unstructured interviews which were transcribed, coded and categorised into relevant themes. The selected teachers signed the consent forms as part of their willingness to participate voluntarily in the study. The study supports the view that teachers are pivotal factors in the integration of GeoGebra and hence the need to understand their challenges. The key finding revealed was that South African high schools were being robbed and vandalised of ICT equipment because of security issues. Further, each school owned only one data projector which stifles efforts to strengthen teachers' knowledge and skills in implementing the integration of GeoGebra into mathematics lessons. Consequently, this loss of equipment disadvantages teachers and learners concerning the integration of GeoGebra into mathematics lessons because learners did not have computers for exploring and experimenting, and teachers are becoming demotivated due to insufficient resources and a lack of modern skills to make mathematics lessons interesting and productive.

Phindiwe Old John   and Letlhoyo Segalo   

This paper explored teachers' views on workplace adversities in one district of education in South Africa. Life is fraught with challenges and teachers are no exception. Teachers face various workplace challenges and some of these challenges may be the mundane occurrences of everyday life, while others may seem insurmountable. Each of these challenges requires teachers to adapt, rather than succumb to perceived adversity. The ability to adjust to challenging circumstances is essential for human development and teaching is no exception. For example, teaching profession demands that teachers continuously develop their skills and aptitude to changing workplace environment such as workplace adversities. Workplace adversity is understood to be the primary reason teachers fail to flourish in the workplace and eventually leave the teaching profession. The major elements of workplace adversity in teaching are negative and dissatisfactory working conditions, the work environment and the daily challenges faced by teachers during their work. An interpretive qualitative research method was undertaken. Participants in this study were nine teachers (5 women and 4 men) 100% black, age ranged from 26-43 years and were purposively recruited. Data was collected by means of a semi-structured interview and was analysed thematically using open codes. The findings of the study revealed that school teachers face workplace adversities, such as, poor management, sanitary problems, demands from parents and lack of collegiality.

Endang Wulandari   Winarno   and Triyanto   

The strong current of globalization has driven the rapid development of the digital era and technology so that the term digital citizenship has emerged. The emergence of Society 5.0 era demands a balance between technology and the environment. But on the other hand, the emergence of the Society 5.0 era was not matched by the formation of digital ethics in society. The rise of cybercrime cases such as the spread of fake news (hoaxes), hate speech, and cyberbullying shows the lack of digital ethics in society. The formation of digital ethics is an important thing that must be done, one of which is through digital citizenship education in society. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with several main sources, namely the community board of Kampung Cyber and community members based on purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The results showed that the emergence of the Kampung Cyber community became the main forum for the implementation of digital citizenship education in society, especially in shaping ethics. The application of norms in society becomes the main control for any deviant actions in the use of technology. It takes the development of competencies and digital ethical values that are in accordance with the era of Society 5.0, such as technological literacy, responsibility, honesty, critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, equality and local wisdom. The existence of a key figure as a model in social learning will shape people's behavior according to digital ethical competencies in the era of Society 5.0. In addition, it is necessary to create a good environment and strong ties in society that will encourage the successful formation of ideal and ethical digital citizenship in the era of Society 5.0.

Efry Mindayula   Hari Sutrisno   and Asrial   

Using learning media on technology-based is one of the most crucial aspects of the study process nowadays. Utilizing learning media on technology-based is an effort to integrate technology into the study process. The research aimed to investigate the use of 3D-Pageflip-based learning media (3DP-LM) as the application of technology in chemistry learning toward students' academic achievement (SAA). This research used a quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group and post-test only. The sample in this study consisted of 65 eleventh-grade students (16-17 years old) in a high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. There were two groups of the total sample used in this research; the experimental group with 3D-LM (E-3D-LM group) and the control group with PowerPoint media (C-PPt-M group). The instruments applied in the research consisted of 3DP-LM, validation sheets of 3DP-LM, and student chemistry learning achievement test (SCLAT). The findings in this study indicate that the 3DP-LM was valid and reliable to be applied in the research process. The outcome of data analysis shows that there are differences in SSA between students in the E-3D-LM group and the C-PPt-M group. The E-3D-LM group is better than the C-PPt-M group. Moreover, the effect size estimation based on Cohen'd confirmed that the application of 3DP-LM has a positive impact on SAA. This research suggested that 3DP-LM is a technology-based media that can be applied in chemistry learning widely.

Philile Nobuhle Mathaba   and Anass Bayaga   

Due to the persistent nature of errors and misconceptions, through SOLO model, the current research was aimed at examining the types and the sources of errors and misconceptions committed by Grade 9 learners in Algebra cognition. Thus, in the current research, the model was applied to assess learners' learning outcomes and to classify the value of the response. Through a survey, the sample size for this study was 100 Grade 9 learners in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. In response to the aim of the research, the themes comprised, algebraic fractions, graphs, expressions and equations, words problems. The results revealed that possible sources were lack of conceptual and procedural knowledge, a lack of factual knowledge, lack of connection between new knowledge and old knowledge, lack of interpretation, errors caused by translation. The major conclusion because of the SOLO theory revealed the level of thinking, indicating both one-structure and many-structures only in equations and expressions involving translation of equation to table and table to the graph. The practical implication is positioned on the need to improve understanding the sources of errors, classified as a lack of conceptual and procedural knowledge; lack of factual knowledge; lack of connection between new knowledge and old knowledge, lack of interpretation, inattentiveness and failure to read and understand; errors caused by translation. The theory applied revealed the need to emphasize other level of thinking as well as sources of errors.

Fatima Eltayeb   

This study explored the level of mindfulness among Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University students and its relation to academic procrastination. The study was randomly chosen from different academic levels to be suitable for the sample of this study, where 1890 female students were chosen. A total of 206 students from science and arts sections participated in the study. The descriptive approach was used because it was more suitable for this study. For statistical analysis and conclusions, two measurement scales devised by the researcher were used: the Mindfulness Scale and the Academic Procrastination Scale. To find the suitability of those scales, honesty and stability factors were implemented on both. For data processing, SPSS statistical program was used to compute means, correlations, 1-taled and 2-tailed t-tests of students’ scores on the two scales. Results revealed that students had a high level of both mindfulness and academic procrastination. A statistically significant inversely proportional relationship was found between mindfulness and academic procrastination at (0,5) level. Furthermore, significant differences in mindfulness were found by study level in favor of the seventh level students. No statistically indicated significant differences in mindfulness and procrastination at (0,5)level were found by specialization (science vs. arts). After the statistical results, the researcher recommended to have more concern about counseling programs which aim to develop mindfulness, to increase awareness, and also to pay attention to the educational situation. Moreover, to do tasks on time will help make a positive cooperation and build more confidence between students and teaching staff members. In addition, the researcher recommended implementing counseling programs to eliminate the feature of academic procrastination among students. This study also recommended and emphasized the significance of improving E-learning and using new technology to make the educational process more attractive.

Elballah A. Khaled   

Coping strategies may play a central role in reducing rejection sensitivity and social anxiety, so an examination of coping strategies is important. Rejection sensitivity and social anxiety are undoubtedly parts of human psychology. Some types of behaviors, such as avoiding performing in groups and withdrawal due to rejection sensitivity, may indicate that students have difficulties coping with social situations. Therefore, this study aims to examine the improvement of coping strategies and their effect on reducing rejection sensitivity and social anxiety. The study will also determine the differences between the two coping strategies in college students. Participants in this study consisted of 60 students aged 19–22 years from the King Faisal University College of Education. The experimental group of 20 students, who showed higher levels of rejection sensitivity and social anxiety, responded to the coping strategies scale, rejection sensitivity scale, and social anxiety scale for college students. This study used a t-test and the Mann Whitney test to determine the differences between pre- and post-test results. We applied a counseling program which consisted of 16 sessions, focusing on improving productive coping strategies in the areas of cognitive restriction, expressing emotions, social support, and reducing nonproductive coping strategies such as wishful thinking, self-criticism, and social withdrawal. The results showed statistically significant differences in coping strategies between pre- and post-test scores in the experimental group in favor of the posttest. In addition, there are significant differences in rejection sensitivity and social anxiety between pre- and posttest results in favor of the post-test. Our findings highlight the importance of productive coping strategies in reducing rejection sensitivity and social anxiety in the sample. The findings of this study can contribute to the improvement of college counseling programs involving coping strategies. In summary, the findings suggest that high levels of productive coping strategies can contribute to the reduction of rejection sensitivity and social anxiety, especially in adolescents.

Elhassane EL Hilali   and Mohammed Moubtassime   

MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) have become a modern concept in education and new meaningful learning environment for technology-enhanced learning, where huge numbers of users worldwide access free, online-based, open content generated by world-renowned institutions. To provide successful MOOC environments requires recognizing the learners' motivations to utilize MOOCs programs. Because of the scarcity of research on MOOCs' use for teacher's professional development, it makes use of information technologies to enhance the learning experience for teachers and students. The present study seeks to investigate acceptance and readiness towards MOOCs' use for continuing professional development besides the degree to which teachers benefit from MOOCs. A survey questionnaire based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) [8] is employed as a data collection instrument regarding Usefulness(U), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), User Satisfaction and Attribute of Usability (USAU) of MOOCs in professional development. The population is senior high secondary school teachers of English from different regions of Morocco. The analysis of the results obtained from various statistical tests revealed that teachers accepted MOOCs programs for continuing professional development with an objective of developing, acquiring and consolidating the necessary insight, skills and competencies required in modern teaching for 21-century education. Most teachers attending MOOCs' programs for continuing professional development were satisfied with the results they obtained from their participation. They also reported that MOOCs programs had an unequivocal and effective impact on their professional and career development.

Jianey Flore   and Irene Govender   

Online professional development (OPD) for teachers has become an imperative in the face of the current and post covid-19 pandemic. The current traditional face-to-face professional development (PD) programme is no longer a viable option. While there is substantial research undertaken on online learning in general, there has been few on OPD and no known empirical research in the Mauritian context. The purpose of this explanatory study was to investigate teachers' perceptions of online professional development and the extent to which they believe it expands their knowledge and skills and improve student learning. A conceptual framework underpinned by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and model of teacher learning was used as a lens in this research. The research was based on a case study of two schools in Mauritius. A focus group study was used to gather data qualitatively. The study involved three focus groups of five participants each. Using thematic analysis, the results show that face-to-face PD does not satisfy teachers’ needs as it is too theoretical and offered in one-size-fits-all modes. Four predictors, teachers’ experience with PD, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions for the use of online teacher professional development programmes are proposed. Implications for practice are provided. This study should, therefore, be of value to practitioners wishing to develop online OPD programmes.

Samantha Govender   and Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani   

This study aimed at assessing teachers' in-service professional development activities based on teachers' perspectives of monitoring and evaluation for the programmes in South Africa. Teachers attend various scheduled professional development activities on a yearly basis to improve their classroom practices; however, the effectiveness of these activities depends on the monitoring and evaluation of teachers on the quality and nature of what they receive as professional development activities. This qualitative research study used the interpretive paradigm to collect data from three Heads of Departments in semi-structured interviews and five teachers in a focus group interview. Theory of andragogy was used as a theoretical framework to underpin teachers' views on workshops, clusters' meetings, conferences and other professional development activities they attended. Findings revealed that South African teachers were not adequately monitored and evaluated on their attendance at various professional development activities for enhanced classroom practices and seemingly, teachers do not attend professional development activities frequently every year. Findings also revealed that the contents of the professional development activities are not satisfactory to the teachers. The study, therefore, recommends that teachers should be assessed to determine their professional needs and the frequencies for these professional development activities should be increased to enhance their classroom practices.

Maxwell E. Uduafemhe   Danladi Uwelo   Sunday O. John   and Roseline Y. Karfe   

One of the activities that take place behind the scenes as part of the steps taken by examination bodies to standardized tests is the determination of the psychometric properties of the items in a process referred to as item analysis. This study analysed the adequacy of the basic science and technology test items used for the 2019 Basic Education Certificate Examination in terms of difficulty levels, discriminating powers, guessing, and distracter indices. The study adopted evaluation and descriptive survey research designs. A sample of 976 students was selected from 59 schools across Niger State for the study using a multistage random sampling procedure. A 60-item Basic Science and Technology test administered by the National Examinations Council for the 2019 BECE was used to collect data for the study. The item difficulty levels, discriminating powers, guessing, and distracter indices of the items were generated based on a four-parameter Item Response Theory model using Xcalibre software package. The items adequately satisfied unidimensionality and local independence, when statistically examined using confirmatory factor analysis and tetra–chronic correlation respectively. The findings revealed that all the items satisfied the difficulty, discrimination, distracter and guessing indices criteria to be used for the 2019 BECE. It was recommended among others that school proprietors and the government should endeavour to sponsor teachers to attend item generation workshops to be up-to-date with how to generate test items that meet the criteria for final examinations.

Cusrow J. Dubash   and Rimesha Farooq   

This study was undertaken in five public sector and five private sector universities in Lahore, Pakistan. One hundred students from each institution were randomly identified and asked to write an essay at the start of semester 1 and end of semester 8. All essays were analyzed for errors. All errors were then categorized into eleven general types for each round. The results showed no major change from semester 1 to semester 8 in the number of errors made. Also, not much variation was evident between the public sector and private sector universities. This indicates that the remedial English courses designed by the institutions were not helping the students improve. These were either too general or were taught with no specific purpose in mind. The universities should look into the eleven broad categories in which most of the students' errors fall in order to design remedial English courses that are meaningful and benefit students. Errors and mistakes made by students should be treated as learning opportunities for students with plenty of practice work. It is high time universities look at their course offerings with an open mind and the student as the prime beneficiary of their work.

Boshra A. Arnout   and Zeyad S. Al-Dabbagh   

This study applied the sequential exploratory mixed research design, which started with collecting and analyzing qualitative data, followed by collecting and analyzing quantitative data to interpret the qualitative results and prepare a scale of the success factors of e-learning from the parents' and teachers' point of view during the COVID-19 pandemic. This mixed study consisted of two stages: Study (1) was a qualitative study aimed to investigate formal and informal institutions' role in dealing with the students' educational problems related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The second stage was a quantitative study to reveal the elements for the success of distance learning. A qualitative study (1) applied the grounded theory method. This study used a purposeful sampling method, with 20 teachers in schools and universities. As well, the quantitative study (2) applied the descriptive method on sample consisted of teachers and parents (105) and parents (194). The results showed that there are many roles the ministries of education and families must take to deal with the educational problems. A new theory of distance learning has emerged through the qualitative analysis of the data collected from the research participants. This new theory crystallizes distance learning success factors' basic concepts in light of disasters and crises (COVID-19). The quantitative results also showed no significant statistical differences between teachers' and parents' views about the importance of distance learning success through the COVID-19 pandemic.

Chinaza Uleanya   

The role of lecturers in tertiary institutions of learning is crucial. Some of the crucial roles of lecturers include assessment and feedbacks provided to students. These are considered as contributory factors to improving or hampering the learning abilities of students. Hence, this study explored the effects of assessment and feedback on the learning abilities of students in selected rural based universities in Nigeria and South Africa. Quantitative research method was employed for the study. Thus, data were collected from respondents through the use of questionnaires which were administered to nine hundred and thirty-four (934) randomly selected third-year undergraduate students from two Nigerian and South African rural based universities. The collected data were analysed through the use of descriptive statistics. The results revealed that lack of innovation, large classes and poor internet amongst others are factors affecting the form of assessments and feedback given to students. Also, poor assessment and feedbacks contribute in hampering the learning abilities of students. The study therefore recommends that more lecturers should be employed, empowered through the provision of necessary facilities as well as all-encompassing periodic on the job trainings and workshops. These trainings and workshops are to be designed in such a manner that lecturers will be motivated and taught various ways on how to promote good lecturer-student relationship, improvise in creating and using different assessment and feedback strategies, acquire and utilize best practices across the globe on assessing and giving feedback to large classes.

Hanna Tabita Hasianna Silitonga   Minarni Wartiningsih   Hebert Adrianto   and Rahajoe Imam Santosa   

Family medicine approach is the competence that must be mastered by the medical student. But in reality, family medicine is a topic that is less in demand by students. Students are more interested in basic and clinical medical science, or students do not yet understand the application of this approach in medical practice. Therefore, lecturers need to improve in learning methods such as increasing learning activity to enhance the learning achievement of family medicine topics. The purpose of this study is to find increasing learning achievement by increasing learning activity in this subject. Research method in this study is quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. We use pre-test and post-test scores of 40 medical students who attended the family medicine class. The instrument used is a quiz question that amounts to 5 items in the form of vignette questions with MCQ options. Researchers analyzed data with the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study showed there was a significant difference in pre-test compared with post-test with p<0.01 (p=0.000). This study concludes that increasing learning activities can effectively increase medical students' scores on family medicine topics. It is needed to further research on other learning methods that can improve the achievement of student's learning related to this topic.

Gabriela Narváez-Olmedo   Josefina Sala-Roca   and Aida Urrea-Monclús   

The relationship of learning disabilities with social-emotional competencies has been a subject of extensive study in previous decades. It has been possible to identify that the decrease in socio-emotional competencies can hinder the development of the academic progress of students with learning disabilities. However, at present, the researches that address this issue have been comparatively scarce, and at certain points, it has been identified that they could be improved in future studies. Within the framework of this idea, this systematic and methodical review focuses on describing empirical studies that relate these two variables and, additionally, on analyzing and scrutinizing the results that most recent research have reached. This review has taken as reference databases such as Eric, Scopus, and PsycInfo, in the period from 2013 to 2018. The results show that, although most of the assessed studies acknowledge that children and adolescents with learning disabilities have lower socio-emotional competencies, it has not been possible to specify the causes of this relationship, besides, the various instruments used and the variety of theoretical explanations of the two variables studied, resulting in a lack of synchronicity in the explanation of these results. That is why it is necessary to deepen and expand the subject by manipulating other variables and fluctuations that could have an impact on this relationship, like sex, the type of disabilities, age, and the cultural context in which the students operate, among others. The question of continuing with similar research to be carried out has been risen to modify the limitations discovered in terms of the instruments used, the variety of types of socio-emotional competences, the lack of specificity of learning disabilities, and especially in the systematic and longitudinal methodology which in turn provides the identification of more specific characteristics regarding the causal relationship of learning disabilities and socio-emotional competences.

Yaranay López-Angulo   Rubia Cobo-Rendón   Fabiola Saéz-Delgado   and Alejandro Díaz Mujica   

Background: The problem of studies abandonment greatly affects university students at different levels of training. The permanence in a university career depends on the adaptation skills of the students to the new educational context, which is why, its measurement is relevant for the identification and accompaniment of at-risk students. The objective of this work was to evaluate the internal structure of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire [SACQ] short version in a sample of Chilean university students. Method: A total of 249 first-year students from a southern Chilean university participated. The average age of the participants was 19.11 years [SD = 5.29]. The SACQ short version was used with 47 items distributed in four dimensions: academic, social, emotional and institutional adjustments. Results: After a new organization of the items by means of an exploratory factor analysis a four-factor structure was obtained. Adequate correlations were identified between the items and the dimensions of the questionnaire. Conclusions: The new version of the SACQ is a measure with adequate internal validity to measure the adaptation of the university students in the context of Higher Education in Chile, however, it is recommended to make a confirmatory factor analysis prior to its use.

Freddy Duchimasa-Ochoa   and Inés Huiracocha-Ordóñez   

International studies have shown that children have difficulties in correctly answering questions about previously read texts due to various factors that are related to reading processes, such as decoding and comprehension or difficulties related to these processes. Understanding written language is one of the most complex cognitive processes; in recent years, this topic has been studied extensively, in order to contribute to the development of reading comprehension skills. In this sense, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a reading comprehension program with the use of children's literature as a didactic resource, to develop the skills of reading comprehension. A pre-experimental type methodology was used, with a pretest-posttest design; For this, two previously selected narrative texts were used with their evaluation instruments, which were piloted, corrected and validated by experts in reading and literature. The study involved 33 seventh-grade children from elementary school, from an urban public school in the canton of Paute, in addition to five experts. The results indicate the relevance of the use of children's literature as a didactic resource to achieve reading comprehension, as well as, it supports the development of teaching interventions that include this type of resources and practices for its application in the dynamics of the classrooms.

Karina Pabón   Crista Weise   Cristian Guzmán   and Verónica León-Ron   

At present, higher education plays a crucial role in the transformation, construction, and development of societies. Spending time on exploring the identity configuration of teachers could generate instruction and guidance processes that should take into account their cognitive representations, discourses, and actions within their teaching practice at a personal level; The objective and intention of this study are to demonstrate how significant events of university professors have over time influenced and determined their professional identity. This research is qualitative as it follows the principles and postulates of grounded theory, which permitted the analysis and description of these events. Data collection was carried out using the SCM (self-confrontation method) through a structured interview applied professors of the faculty of education, science, and technology that voluntarily took part in this research. As part of this research, the past, present, and future of those who took part in it were explored. The speeches of these professors were analyzed under established and emerging categories with the support of the MQDA2018. The results show how significant events and people throughout both their instruction and within their professional practice have been building their identity based on these interactions. In many cases, it revealed how the discourses learned have modified in some way the development and evolution of their teaching practice, as well as within significant events, the instruction processes are unmentioned, which theoretically should help and support this preparation process of the teaching staff.

Harry Clavijo Suntura   Omar Abreu Valdivia   Maribel Rosero Rosero   and Gloria Aragón Cuamacás   

This article presents the results of a qualitative research, with analytical and interpretive case study methodology, about the impact of the opening of the Law career at the Technical University of the North (UTN) through the blended modality, its consequences from the negative and positive point of view for students, teachers and residents of the community. The aim of the work is to explain the results of the opening of the Law degree at UTN through the blended modality. In the research process, methods, techniques and instruments such as the survey, analysis, synthesis, documentary review and hermeneutics were applied, each with a specific purpose, explained the methodology section. The work includes the challenges that students and teachers have faced for the successful development of the career, in the knowledge of the content of the subjects, the pedagogy, the didactics, the methodology and the technological resources that the teaching-learning process of the subjects contemplated in the study plan. In the text that is submitted to the criteria of the academic community, a comparison of the efficiency indicators of this career is made with the other careers of the Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences (FACAE) of the UTN, whose results show that this was a decision necessary and wise.

Ximena A. Rosero Benavides   Israel D. Herrera-Granda   and Erick P. Herrera Granda   

Recent challenges for strategic educational planning in Ecuador request implement Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in different levels of educational institutions. However, there´s a notable lack of successful implementations of ICTs on national educational institutions, which causes several problems in student's learning cycle such as loss of attention, motivation and innovation. These problems are further aggravated at the level of primary education institutions. Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of implementing digital tools with augmented reality (AR) for teaching and learning of Natural Sciences (NC) in the Cesar Mosquera Primary School located at the northern zone of Ecuador. To this end, we began by identifying digital strategies that facilitate the teaching of NC as an element of feedback and development of spatial imagination. Next, a diagnosis was made of the weaknesses of both teachers and students in the teaching of NC at primary school level. A mixed research method was applied, using quantitative techniques such as survey analysis and using qualitative techniques such as direct observations, to make a content analysis applied to teacher planning. Then, cutting-edge technologies such as augmented reality deployed on easily accessible devices such as Smartphones or Tablets were implemented using Curiscope-Virtuali-Tee software and web 3.0 virtual classroom tools that were applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Once implemented, the proposed AR system was compared with classic teaching methods. Finally, the feasibility of applying AR in the mentioned institution was demonstrated due to all students approved the final test of acquired knowledge in each class taken.

Marco Heredia-R   Karina Falconí   Jhenny Cayambe   and Sylvia Becerra   

Pedagogical innovation is one of the solutions to the challenges facing the educational system; it is a mediator for change and adaptation. The objective of education is to go more than rationality and involve creativity; the development of creativity is increasingly considered in the teaching-learning processes. The objective of the research was to compare the perception of university students about theater as a pedagogical tool with the scientific evidence and its contribution to the conservation of natural resources, at the Universidad Estatal Amazónica (Ecuadorian Amazon Region); four plays were performed during the academic periods: 1) 2018 - 2019, 2) 2019 - 2019 y 3) 2019 - 2020. Four didactic phases were developed in each period; a survey with four closed questions based on the Likert scale was applied to 247 students. It was evident that more than 50% and 31% students totally agree that theater is a new pedagogical tool and can be used as a learning mechanism, respectively; the 7% of students on average consider that theater is probably related to conservation psychology, despite the fact that there is evidence of its potential for forest care and management. The 62% totally agree that the theater promotes the sustainability of natural resources. Therefore, theater is considered to be effective in raising awareness and educating on natural resource issues and breaking down misconceptions about their conservation.

Martin Fuertes-Requis   Milton Gonzales-Macavilca   Tereza Villegas-Ortiz   and Valentina Vargas-Conislla   

This work aims to learn the strategies used by teachers of a public school in the district of Carabayllo (Lima, Peru) for the teaching of children with ASD. For this, qualitative and exploratory research was carried out. Thus, through a case study, a semi-structured interview was applied to two primary school teachers, and each teacher had a student with ASD in the classroom. Additionally, this data collection was complemented by the non-participatory observation of the researchers, which allowed recording various aspects of the teaching practice, and this in turn helped the description and analysis of the study object. The results showed that teachers, in addition to not having the necessary support and accompaniment, are unaware of the various strategies for inclusive education, so their activities are based, above all, on their intuition and experience. The interviews analysis also reveals that the most important strategy for both teachers was that of teamwork, either with dynamics or games or with the participation of the student with ASD in different groups formed in the classroom. Finally, it is essential to develop more research on this topic, since as a general diagnosis it can be said that public education in Peru at the regular basic level is not yet prepared to ensure the successful incorporation of children with ASD.

Daniel David Sono Toledo   Simón Bolívar Batallas Bedón   Adriana Elizabeth Aroca Fárez   and Jorge Edmundo Gordón Rogel   

This paper addresses the use of Ethnomathematics in the teaching of Mathematics that takes place in the fifth year of Basic General Education and welcomes schoolchildren aged 8-9, according to Ecuadorian educational processes, and explores the logical mathematical development, by teaching arithmetic with the Nepohualtzintzin. The aim is to analyze the quality of learning through the performance of mathematical logical thinking, through the didactic use of the Nepohualtzintzin as an ancestral calculation instrument in students at these ages. Dimensions are based on the development of mathematical logical thinking from pedagogy and psychology. The Nepohualtzintzinwas used by renowned cultures in world history such as the Mayans and Aztecs. Its didactic qualities determine the ease with which students learn the place value of the basic element figures for the resolution of arithmetic operations. Furthermore, the cultural connotation of Ethnomathematics in the didactics of mathematics is also established. An exploratory, documentary, descriptive and longitudinal study is described. Pretest and posttest were applied, which were statistically processed with the SPSS package. The analysis carried out allows indorsing the feasibility of the proposal for the development of mathematical logical thinking through the determined dimensions. In end of this study, significant positive results were identified among the experimental group with respect to the control group, all of which ratifies the importance of the study.

Elizabeth Ibadango-Galeano   Alexander Guevara-Vega   and Erick Herrera Granda   

This research aims to identify the technological tools used by teachers in training processes to design a techno-pedagogical resource called Nano-MOOC to improve teaching and strengthen the academic performance in the Public Finance subject of the Technical University of the North (Universidad Técnica del Norte - UTN) located in the city of Ibarra-Ecuador. Research is an exploratory study, through a mixed, bibliographic, and documentary approach of a descriptive cross-sectional type, the relevance, and the need and importance of technology and techno-pedagogical resources in the teaching-learning process were demonstrated; statistical techniques were used as a methodology in RStudio; the additivity assumption was applied with the observation of the bivariate correlation matrix for a normal distribution of the data. Two variables were established: 1) The need to implement technology by teachers; 2) The importance of technology as a techno-pedagogical tool for improvement for students. The factor structure was excellent. An Anova of variable 1 was applied, which gave a p = value of 0.036 which considers students between 17 to 24 years who consider the implementation of a Nano-MOOC more necessary. The results show the validity and reliability of the construct that was demonstrated by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis that a Nano-MOOC as a techno-pedagogical resource is relevant for micro-learning. It is concluded that it is the digital natives who consider this implementation most necessary; teachers do not apply technological tools due to ignorance. A Nano-MOOC improves, feeds back the teaching-learning process, and is useful and sustainable to achieve successful professionals in academic and work performance.

Christian Andrade-Molina   Gabriela Bastidas-Amador   Paolo Fabre-Merchan   and Gabriela Portilla-Torres   

The teaching and learning of a foreign language (FL) is undoubtedly a complex process that involves many factors to achieve a high degree of development by students. These factors range from students' linguistic skills, cultural socio-economic elements of educational institutions and the methodologies used by teachers. The field of foreign language research has found a recurrent factor which can greatly influence the learners' second language achievement or foreign language acquisition, this pivotal factor is motivation. This study is aimed to compare English language learning motivation in urban and rural high school contexts. The sample included students from 16-18 years old. This study took a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional analysis with an exploratory scope. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the relationship between motivation in English language learning and urban or rural context. Utilizing Dörnyei's second language (L2) Motivational Self System as the theoretical framework, for this study, sections from 4 validated questionnaires were utilized. The results showed there is no marked and regular numerical difference for the variables studied. However, throughout the discussion, there were some significant differences in certain variables, so that the particularities represented by them can lead to important conclusions. These outcomes allow having greater clarity about the importance of contextualizing the English language as a foreign language teaching in both settings to improve the motivation of the students in the process.

Nanci Coromoto Barrios Briceño   and María del Carmen Barniol Gutiérrez   

The educational quality is the most fundamental factor in every institution of education, and every level, because it determines high standards of learning and skills in the students. The educational quality was evaluated from an improvement plan based on participation and teamwork in a high school in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Through a quantitative and quasi-experimental study in two educative institutions, one control group and others experimental, the improvement plan was realized. Surveys were conducted in focal groups (teachers, parents and students), with questionnaires modified to EFQM model, before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the application of the improvement plan, to value the educative quality. The pre-test results show equal conditions in the perceptions of every group between both institutions (p > 0.05), while later, after the plan's application, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed only between pre-test and post-test of the experimental institution which evidences an improvement in the perceptions, which allows concluding that there is an improvement in the educative quality perceived by the educational community. This study, states and argues the approach of this two factors with an semi-experimental method before and after, with control and experimental institutions to confirm that the improvements plans based on participation and team work can provide more quality in educative environments, and also can stimulate the parent's participation in this environment, and result in a better learning community, which motivates a collaborative culture. Given this, it is proposed as a method that can be a policy in educative institutions.

Angel Torres-Toukoumidis   Paola Carrera   Ignacio Balcazar   and Gabriela Balcazar   

The use of playful elements in non-playful contexts has become popular during the first two decades of the 21st century, providing a new perspective of playful interaction in educational communities where a direct link with variables arranged from the psychological sphere has been expressed, highlighting motivation. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to examine the publications of high impact on gamification that deal with motivation, taking into account the identification of the elements of play, types of motivation incorporated, educational levels involved and patterns obtained from the findings. For this purpose, it is developed as a methodological design a systematic review of 248 manuscripts published in the Scopus database between 2000 and 2019 related to gamification, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation based on 4 criteria: educational level, type of motivation, game elements incorporated into the experience, effect on teaching. The results obtained show that gambling experiences focus on higher education through intrinsic motivation towards the pursuit of fun, but at the same time include reward systems that promote autonomy during learning. The conclusions show a trend towards the development of intrinsic motivation, in addition to the use of points as the main component to promote motivation within the environment offered by higher education. It is recommended that future researchers continue to delve into other variables of the gamification imbued also in the Latin American context.

Kehdinga George Fomunyam   

Curriculum study has always been a contested field with alternative notions and understandings of how it should be understood, enacted, evaluated, and how curriculum should reconstitute the happenings in education. Curriculum theorising has the potential to change societies and orchestrate a way forward on a continent plagued by socio-economic and political challenges. However, curriculum theorising on the continent have failed to produce the desired outcome or the solutions which would drive innovation on the content. Curriculum theorising on the continent has been dominated by three approaches structural theorising, generic theorising, and substantive theorising. Prior to articulating new or alternative approaches to theorising curriculum on the African continent, this paper first articulates the existing approaches, giving explanations as to why they are considered insufficient to theorise the African curriculum landscape. Three key approaches that have dominated the African curriculum theorising landscape were discussed, and they include, substantive theorising, structural theorising, and generic theorising. Curriculum theorising in the era of the fourth industrial revolution needs to move away from these traditional approaches of theorising (structural, generic, and substantive theorising), as they can no longer proffer solutions that would address the ever-changing needs of the educational landscape. This study further proposes three alternative approaches to curriculum theorising: contextual theorising, responsive theorising and theoretical theorising.It concludes that these three approaches would work towards contextual relevance and global excellence for the African educational landscape as it pushes to address issues which make for quality education and responsiveness.

Morakinyo Akintolu   and Chinaza Uleanya   

In the year 2015 the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the bid to build the capacity of every citizen and develop the society. Quality Education is one of the goals of the SDGs and, as the world moves from knowledge to digital economy, there is need for all stakeholders' involvement in the education sector to achieve quality education. In this light, the exploratory study aims at how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has supported adult literacy programme in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) in developing nations which are predominantly African countries. In the case of this study, the focus is on rural parts of African nations. The study as well emphasized the integration of ICT into Adult Literacy Programme (ALP) by showing interventions of technology usage in Adult Literacy Programmes (ALP) and concluded by highlighting the lessons learnt from these interventions. Following the findings, the study recommends amongst others that all stakeholders in education should look beyond the traditional education lens and embrace the usage of digital inclusivity for improved literacy education and lifelong learning. Also, government support for Adult Literacy Programmes (ALP) by funding various initiatives that support same should be increased. Collaborative efforts across several governments such as the Department of Information Communication and Technology (DICT), and Department of Adult Education (DAE) should be established and promoted.

Adriana E. Prado Malte   Erick P. Herrera-Granda   Israel D. Herrera-Granda   and Maritza G. Méndez-Ortega   

Middle School and High School education in Ecuador focuses on integrating educational innovation in the pursuit of educational prosperity based on government projects that sustain proper use of educational technology. The main objective of this research is the implementation of a multimedia instructional module for the subject of arts and culture applied to middle school students of the Educational Institution Eugenio Espejo, which serves as a tool for enhanced significative learning. This project was performed through three phases. First, the pedagogic methodology used by the teachers of the subject was diagnosed. Next, the development of the multimedia instructional module in the portable software eXeLearning INTEF-eXe Project version 2.2 was carried out. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed on the results obtained from the qualitative evaluation before and after the implementation of the multimedia instructional module, using the statistical programming language R, applying MANOVA, ANOVA and Paiwise T-tests in order to demonstrate the differences between the variables obtained from the grades of each partial. The study of the results performed in the average partial grades of the eighth, ninth and tenth grades, in a sample of n = 348 students demonstrates progressive improvement of the student grades, which demonstrates that students are motivated to work with educational technology, even in regions that have limited internet access, which is encouraging since it allows updating students' technological skills that meet today's demanding learning standards.

Kehdinga George Fomunyam   

Social media can be referred to as a group of internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content as well as interactive discussion. This article examines marketing in tertiary institutions in Africa using social media, but focuses on Facebook. Exploring the importance of social media marketing as a channel of communication to maximize an institution's appeal to its target audience, this paper seeks to present its importance in tackling competitive challenges and ensure the alignment of goals and resources. Most African higher educational institutions (HEIs) have adopted Facebook as the key instrument in social media marketing, with the intent of projecting a superior brand for the purpose of interacting with alumni, current students, attracting prospective applicants and ultimately increasing enrolment numbers. AI, Automation & AR, retargeting, automation tools and virtual tours are just some of the new and emerging tools and applications that are explored on Facebook by HEIs as a means of building new relationships and fostering existing ones. This study analysed data from 10 higher institutions in 10 countries drawn from all 5 geographical regions across Africa; South Africa, West Africa, East Africa, North Africa and Central Africa. Findings reveal that just like the majority of the African social media population, African universities engage predominantly on Facebook with all 10 universities running an active Facebook handle, showing a 100% adoption rate.

Abderrahim Benlahcene   Tahira Anwar Lashari   Sana Anwar Lashari   and Muhammad Waleed Shehzad   

Many studies have examined separately the impacts of goal orientations and epistemological beliefs on intrinsic motivation; however, they have not investigated the two concepts in combination to examine their interrelationships with intrinsic motivation. Using Self-Determination theory, this study utilized a cross-sectional research design involving 338 international engineering students who were selected by multistage sampling. Data were analyzed through SPSS v.23. Results of the correlation analysis revealed a significant association between goal orientation and intrinsic motivation. However, associations with epistemological beliefs were found to be insignificant. Moreover, multiple regressions revealed that goal orientations were found to be the only and the main predictor constructs that account for variance in intrinsic motivation. The results of this research provide support for a growing body of evidence regarding the positive outcomes of goal orientation adoption among the students. The findings can be used by educational instructors to offer and establish the optimal learning environment by the inclusion of interesting and enjoyable activities, along with helping students to foster their intrinsic motivation by setting optimal and realistic goals during their academic activities in the university phase.

Nilda W. Balsicas   Elgien C. Padohinog   Pauline Arvian R. Hala   and Freddie B. Bulauan   

The E-learning has become the trend since the surge of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education institutions were compelled to continuously deliver instruction despite the pandemic. The study aimed to assess the students' perceptions towards online learning relative to the availability of online devices, preparedness, expectations, and concerns along with the activities considered, prior experiences, skills acquisition, and competency development. The study utilized the exploratory descriptive survey research design. One thousand, one hundred and thirty-eight (1,138) college students participated in this study who were enrolled in the Second Semester of the School Year 2019-2020. The results indicated that students became aware of online tools as they acquired varied experiences in online classes such as slow internet connection, expenses in data load, or the monthly expenditures of internet connectivity regardless of the provider. It was further revealed that students preferred more in expressing their questions during online classes and in attending to self-paced activities. Students were also unsure if they have already developed the expected skills and competencies in e-learning. Based on the findings, it is recommended that higher education institutions should be ready in thinking creative alternative modes and in bringing new perspectives that will help and guide the students in their learning. Moreover, teachers or curriculum developers are encouraged to redesign curriculum plan, activities, and assessment tasks to enhance attainment of learning outcome in e- learning delivery of instruction.

Anggi Yoga Pramanda   Moh Muchtarom   and Rusnaini   

The development of information technology which continues to offer a variety of practicalities for activities in everyday life will change the way people view and live in this modern era. Based on the emergence of the phenomena described above, researchers are interested in conducting research related to the transformation of civic engagement by using case studies of the realities of the people of Kampung Taman, Patehan, Kraton, Yogyakarta. This research wants to know the reality that exists through the experience story that exists between the user and technology so that it can be involved in how the involvement of relationships and public awareness results in a social transformation process in the reality of a cyber society. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis with data collection through interviews, observation and literature study. The results showed that the Kampung Cyber Program refers to actions to solve problems that exist in society and bring change to them. The Kampung Cyber program is an action suitable for the younger generation in carrying out service learning to promote Civic Education and instill civic engagement in the practice of life. This research is a form of Civic Education in the socio-cultural domain that the residents of Kampung Cyber in the existing reality through experience stories that are intertwined between user citizens and technology are online movement, entrepreneurship, volunteerism and economics, resulting in a process of forming civic engagement in the reality of cyber society. The authors found that educational attainment is related to the amount of time that people spend online, and that it is a stronger predictor of internet involvement in non-certainment activities than variables such as race, ethnicity, or income. Controlling for other factors, education, years online, and youth are significantly associated with using the internet to enhance human capital or social capital. These findings are especially relevant to understanding the link between educational competencies and digital citizenship.

Letlhoyo Segalo   

This paper recollects the experiences of co-supervision of 8 Masters (M.), 3 Doctoral students and 4 promoters and supervisors at the Faculty of Humanities. The aim of the study was to establish a sound understanding of co-postgraduate promotion and supervision at one Faculty at the University of Technology in South Africa. Co-postgraduate student supervision implies more than one supervisor, at times two and in rare cases three. This multifaceted supervision approach is referred to as a safety net. On the one hand, co-postgraduate students' supervision could be framed as multi-voiced dialogue process with the aim to enhance the quality of research done by the postgraduate student. At times, this approach is said to bring along a negative dimension for the student and supervisors. A qualitative research case study using an interpretivist approach was used. For both the promoters/supervisors and postgraduate students, an open-ended questionnaire was used. A thematic data analysis was used. The findings of this study both from the students and supervisors' experiences unearthed an understanding that underpins past and present practices of co-post-graduate supervision for future practices.

Abdul Wahid   Muhammad Arifin Ahmad   and Pattaufi   

This research aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness (develop phase) development of character-based 4C learning models to improve students' metacognitive abilities. This research focuses on the develop phase of the 4D theory (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate) by Thiagarajan, Semmel, & Semmel (1974). The develop phase consists of validity testing by experts, practicality testing by lecturers, and effectiveness testing by students. The subjects of this research were 16 students and 2 lecturers of the Primary School Teacher Education Research Program (PGSD) STKIP Andi Matappa, Pangkep Regency. In addition, two validators were also selected as participants to assess the validity of this research product. The data collection techniques used was validation sheet, questionnaire, and tests. The collected data were analyzed using a quantitative approach with the help of SPSS 23.00. The results showed that the research products in the form of model books and character-based 4C learning tools were declared valid, practical, and effective and could be used by lecturers to teach Pancasila and Citizenship Education courses.

Zamri Mahamod   Rohaida Mazlan   Norziah Amin   and Mohd Zaki Abd. Rahman   

This qualitative study examined the level of proficiency of reading and writing skills among students from the B40 families from the Malay Language teachers' perspective. A sum of four Malay Language teachers who teach B40 students were interviewed. It concerned two Malay Language teachers teaching in Secondary School A (SSA) and two Malay Language teachers teaching in Secondary School B (SSB). The participants of Malay Language teachers comprised three females and one male teacher. All Malay Language teachers are qualified teachers, having teaching experience between 11 to 25 years. Structured interviews were used as research instruments. The researchers analysed interview data narratively, and the themes derived were based on interview questions. The outcomes confirmed that all B40 Chinese, Indians and Malays students had minimal reading and writing level. B40 Chinese students had the weakest reading and writing skills. The four Malay Language teachers established that the B40 Chinese students had the weakest reading and writing skills, followed by B40 Indians and B40 Malay students. The Malay Language teachers affirmed that attitudinal factors were the principal grounds B40 students could not read, particularly B40 Chinese students. Essentially, the researchers identified attitude factors and parent support as drivers to the failure of B40 students to master reading and writing skills proficiently.

Husni Mubarok   and Nina Sofiana   

The Covid-19 pandemic has spread to almost all countries, as well as Indonesia. The pandemic is changing the way of learning in universities from face-to-face learning to online learning. This study aimed to determine the extent to which distance learning is applied in Indonesian universities in the aspects of planning, teaching, and assessment from the students' perspective. The approach used in this research was qualitative with a cross sectional survey research design to describe the phenomenon in the research subject. This research data were collected through questionnaires with three main indicators distributed to university students in the coastal areas of the Central Java province of Indonesia. There were 105 respondents becoming a research sample which was divided into three university clusters; public universities, private universities, and colleges. The results showed that in the planning stage, there were adjustments made by the lecturers even though they required more efforts. In teaching phase, lecturers changed the learning way from face to face to online by using various kinds of information systems and applications. In assessment phase, students got input both directly and indirectly through the information system and applications used.

Parisa Yeganehpour   and Elham Zarfsaz   

Due to the major role of vocabulary acquisition in language learning and challenges attributed to mastering this skill, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of mobile-facilitated concept-mapping vocabulary learning strategy on EFL learners' vocabulary learning and retention. By exploring the effect of mobile-facilitated concept-mapping vocabulary learning strategy on EFL learners' vocabulary learning and retention the present quasi-experimental study aims not only to enrich the body of literature, but also hopes to peruse its major significance by equipping EFL learners with effective strategies, such as concept mapping, to develop their vocabulary knowledge through modern technologies, such as SMS system of mobile phones. Moving toward the objectives of this study, 48 female learners participated as the treatment and control groups. The relationships among the vocabulary concepts were created in the form of concept map diagrams and sent to the participants in treatment group through Telegram. However, the participants of the control group received the vocabulary items in a way that they could not recognize the semantic relationship between them. Statistical analysis of data highlighted the realistic role of technology in language learning and revealed that the treatment group outperformed the control one in the performance of vocabulary learning and retention. According to the results, mobile-assisted concept-mapping strategy can be used as an innovative and effective technique in instructing vocabulary for EFL learners.

Nevine El Souefi   

The holistic approach of the International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes encourages students to become active, compassionate and life-long learners. The IB defines its international education programmes through a learner profile that consists of ten attributes; inquirers, knowledgeable, thinkers, communicators, principled, open-minded, caring, risk-takers, balanced, and reflective [33]. For students to reach all IB learners profile attributes they need to be self-regulated learners [36]. Students’ self-efficacy beliefs are one of the components of self-regulated learning [15], and a key component of social cognitive theory [4]. Self-efficacy beliefs also contribute to students’ academic achievements, motivations and learning [41]. The Primary Years Programme (PYP) is the IB curriculum framework for children aged 3-11 that offers an inquiry-based, transdisciplinary curriculum framework building conceptual understandings. By learning through inquiry PYP students use their initiatives and take responsibility for their own learning [33]. This approach in learning claims to build students’ self-efficacy that contributes to self-regulation [36]. The paper presents an inductive qualitative study capturing the impact of implementing the IB PYP on students’ self-efficacy beliefs. The study was conducted in an IBPYP candidate school in Alexandria (second largest city in Egypt), which had been implementing the PYP for two years. Data was collected through four focus group discussions from different stakeholders; leaders, teachers, students and parents. The study findings revealed the perspectives of the different stakeholders about the reasons behind students’ self-efficacy beliefs. The study resulted in an interpretation of a spiral for the different aspects of PYP pedagogy that relate and integrate to support students’ self-efficacy beliefs. The study resulted also in identifying specific aspects in school culture that support students’ self-efficacy beliefs. The findings of the study will be beneficial to students, teachers, leaders, syllabus designers, and policy makers in IBPYP schools.

Vera Arhin   Samuel Yaw Ampofo   Moses Segbenya   Beatrice Asante Somauh   Vincent Mensah Minadzi   Lydia Aframea Dankyi   Paul Mensah Agyei   Joyce Kwakyewaa Dankyi   John Ekow Laryea   and Peter Brown   

The need to improve students' academic performance is paramount to distance learning educators. This study investigated the effect of face-to-face tutoring on academic performance of distance learners in the University of Cape Coast. Descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach was employed, using a sample of 1,491 out 44,134 students. A questionnaire developed by Gow and Kember was adapted and used for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data. The findings revealed that, all the eight elements used to measure students' perception on tutoring scored above the statistical mean threshold of 3.0. The findings further revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the performance of students with negative or positive perceptions towards face-to-face tutoring. Though the predictive effect of tutoring on academic performance was positive, the findings further established that only three elements of tutoring (tutorial sessions, assessment and collaboration) positively affect respondents' academic performance, the rest do not. Implications for educational practice with reference to course-tutors were discussed. The study recommends that tutors should provide effective tutorial sessions that promote opportunity for collaboration. The study also recommends to management to include course-tutors in students' assessment procedures.

CH. Rhezzal   M. Ibrahimi   and D. Lamri   

Teaching practice is an action of the teachers and the students who are contributing together in the elaboration of knowledge in the classroom. This practice has an important scientific interest for school success, quality and efficiency of teaching. The objective of our work is to evaluate teaching practices in learning situations in order to ensure a good quality of teaching in Moroccan schools. An exploratory survey was conducted during the 2019-2020 about classroom practices for 50 qualified high school physical chemistry sciences teachers recruited from 10 public schools in Kenitra. The results of our study showed that the practices adopted by the teachers are numerous and their uses change from one teacher to another, and each practice has specific effects that allow the teacher to select effective and appropriate methods to achieve each effect, in order to regulate the learning of students, improve their levels and evolve the teaching and learning process. In fact the evaluation of teacher practices plays a very important role in detecting problems encountered by teachers during a teaching and learning situation.

Sarwat Jahan   Sidra Abid Ali   and Tajwar Hussaini   

The purpose of mentioned study is to observe the impact of internet usage on the academic performance of undergraduate students in different universities of Karachi. Though study on appearance reflects the entire Pakistan but for convenience, it is limited only to the Karachi City for data collection. The accessible population is the university students of Karachi city only. The research is conducted by adopting descriptive survey method, and convenience sampling technique was used in order to collect data from the respondents on 5-point Likert Scale. The primary data were collected by researchers' designed questionnaire while secondary data were collected via different journals. T-test and ANOVA were used for the purpose of data analysis. The findings of this exploration revealed that the usage of internet among the undergraduate students is helpful in enhancing their academic performance, and it also showed that male students are more inclined towards using internet as compared to female students. The result of this investigation can be opted by the other higher education institutes and universities in Pakistan. It is recommended that university and institute supervisors must provide proper guidance to the students regarding the appropriate use of the internet so that students can enhance their performance positively.

Pakwan Riyapan   Areena Hazanee   Tatdow Pansombut   Jirapond Muangprathub   and Arthit Intarasit   

Blended learning is a kind of classroom learning which is suitable to help students for promoting their learning with the 21st century skills. When the collaborative learning is integrated into classroom techniques, blended learning is a way for students to learn their basic knowledge with online technology before they come to classroom, and spend most of their time in the classroom performing team activities to solve new or complex problems. This study proposes a model for teaching and learning in order to develop the blended learning through learning by teaching. Based on the gradual release of responsibility model, rainbow talk is used to encourage students to take responsibility for collaborative learning combined with flipped learning which students are assigned to study lessons and take tests before they come to classroom. This aims at studying effectiveness of the proposed model in order to improve mathematical achievement in mathematical courses of general education program for higher education. The study is a practical research that provides statistical analysis of mathematical learning results of students from the proposed learning model. The results of this study indicate that mathematical achievement of students is attained in accordance with the learning outcomes of the course at a satisfactory level and is satisfied with the learning and teaching at a good level.

Hastari Mayrita   and Ayu Puspita Indah Sari   

This research is a class research which uses a mixed method approach, namely a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through a qualitative approach, this classroom research seeks to reveal the phenomena that occur between teachers and learners in learning Phonetic Transcription in the Phonology course, so that a basic Phonology learning model can be obtained in the new normal era. The ethnography conducted by the researcher was modern ethnography, namely using ethnographic critics. To test the empirical research data, researchers used quantitative data. The results of the last cycle of learning in this study achieved success according to the set indicator measures. In addition, learning activities that have been carried out in this study can be carried out as an alternative to the new adaptation of Language Phonology learning in the new normal era, because this activity is supported by informatics media, namely, through e-learning, voice recording of speakers, video recordings when going into the field, and attractive and colorful image media. For the record, to overcome virtual lectures, this course in taking data to the field can be done via telephone, video call, or video conference to the resource person.

Rafael Salinas   and Isabel Alvarez   

The aim of this paper is to show how the Spanish Pedagogical Conferences between 1882 and 1908 influenced the promotion of innovative teaching at that time. Pedagogical Conferences were the only forum through which both rural and urban schoolteachers were able to implement new educational ideas. Books were not available, so at that time schoolteachers would write their own textbooks to use in their schools. We will focus on one of these teachers, and through his eyes we will show how these conferences helped tackle illiteracy and elementary school dropout. Furthermore, we will highlight this teacher's particular contributions to the Teacher Training, through the work of the Free Teaching Institute, in which he directed a programme of in-depth educational reform, focusing on primary schools, as the foundation of a child's education, but also including the development of the National Pedagogical Museum project. In addition, we include the dissemination of knowledge through school libraries in places and circumstances where no such resources had been available hitherto. To sum up, the Spanish Pedagogical Conferences highlight the vision and initiatives that our infectious and energetic author brought to the development of professional teaching networks, whose ultimate goal was to promote equal and free education.

Tran Viet Cuong   and Nguyen Van Tuan   

Mathematics and other sciences are considered difficult subjects by the majority of students. One of the reasons is that in the traditional classroom students are taught theory first and then they are asked to solve some exercises with algorithms, use less inference and rarely connect with activities in the real world. In the process of innovating teaching and learning methods, the use of project-based learning methods (PBL) has become popular in teaching and learning in universities in many countries around the world. This article uses the empirical research method with the application of project-based learning in the classroom at Hanoi Industrial University. The purpose of the study is to help students apply their knowledge and practical skills to participate in solving problems "The Robot Control Design Project". Research method: we talk with all the students in the class about the purpose of the project is to The Robot Control Design Project; Data collection method includes survey information from implemented projects and self-assessment of project-based learning of 48 third-year technical students at Hanoi Industrial University. The results show that students evaluate PBL positively because this method helps students have interesting practical experiences, while developing collaborative skills, problem solving and self-control in study. The results of the article can be used as a basis for future research in engineering classes to meet the increasing needs of learners for international integration.

Waleed Nawafleh   and Shamm’a Bani Amer   

This study aimed to reveal the degree of mastery of female science teachers of the main objectives of science in the light of the constructive theory characteristics and to reveal the differences between the arithmetic averages of the degree of mastery according to the variables: qualification, teaching experience, and constructive characteristics. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive method. The sample of the study consisted of (81) female science teachers from public schools in the Directorate of Education in the Northern Al-Mazar and Bani Ubaid, who was chosen randomly. The test of the main objectives of science was applied to the science teachers after confirming its validity and reliability, and the constructive theory characteristics scale was also applied after ensuring its validity and reliability on (405) female students of grades (9-12) who were purposely chosen to evaluate their teachers and to reveal the extent of their possession of the characteristics of the constructivist theory. The results of the study indicated that the mastery of science level among female teachers of the main objectives of science was moderate and that just one of the main objectives of science came with a high level which is "Control", and the other three objectives were moderate "description, Interpretation, prediction". The results also showed that the level of possessing constructive characteristics among female science teachers was moderate. The study found a statistically significant difference at (α=0.05) attributed to the constructive characteristics in the level of science teachers' mastery of science in favor of the female teachers who possess constructive characteristics, while there were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) attributed to qualification and teaching experience.

Hermenegildo F. Samoy, Jr.   Flordeliza C. Gecobe   Dakila Carlo E. Cua   Romiro G. Bautista   Arben Gibson G. Camayang   Jorge G. Saddul, Sr.   Elenita B. Ugot   and Felimendo M. Felipe   

COVID-19, a pandemic that has engulfed the whole world, has posted paradigm shifts in all aspects of life's procedures and activities: one of these is our educational institutions from basic to higher education. Due to the health risks and protocols posted by concerned agencies, the opening of classes for the School Year 2020-2021 imposes parental engagement. Aimed at exploring the experiences of a group of parents in undergoing a webinar series centered on their tasks as parent-tutors in the new normal, this study employed Qualitative Research Design using Case Study as strategy for inquiry. The two major themes generated in the study, parents in the new normal and parents' problems in the new normal, amplified the inevitable roles and challenges of parent-tutors. Themes under the parents in new normal include Understanding the new normal (webinar: learning at home and learning the trend), Parenting (Assisting children in online classes and Assisting teachers in teaching), Building connection (Open communication and Rapport with colleagues), and Doing rewards and punishment while the Parents' Problems in the new normal include Playful children and Internet connectivity (Indulgence to gadgets and Liberty to search the internet). It was concluded that parents need to be educated for them to function well as tutors and facilitators of their children's learning tasks – co-creators and co-constructors of the shared responsibility on the pursuit of providing continuous and responsive engagements that nurture love for learning among their children. It is concluded that they need to maintain a communicated parental aspirations and parental efficacy if they intend to function fully as tutors and facilitators of their children's learning engagement in this pandemic. A follow-up webinar series may be organized that will delve into the art of teaching including facilitating learning outcomes. In this manner, parents can assume full engagement in the education of their children as the first webinar series scratched only the surface of the multifaceted teaching and learning.

Rico Andhika Putra   Widiyanti   Eddy Sutadji   and Didik Nurhadi   

Other skills that students need to develop beside their expertise fields are 21^st century skills. What is needed in preparing students for work and entrepreneurship are, among others, communication, critical thinking, and collaboration skills. The purpose of this research was to see the effect of 21^st century skills on job and entrepreneurship readiness, partially and simultaneously. This research was quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis. Respondents in this study were vocational high school students with a total of 445 respondents. The results of this study were the partial or simultaneous influences of communication, critical thinking, and collaboration skills on work readiness and entrepreneurship. The results can be used as consideration materials for educational institutions and the industry to increase the importance of 21^st century skills for students and employees. The more improvement of these skills increases job and entrepreneurial readiness of vocational high school students. Students who master other skills would find it easier to find work or develop entrepreneurship because academic skills could not keep up with the situations and conditions when they are about to graduate from vocational high schools. The industry is looking for workers who can see the situation and conditions when they are working, and also stated that academic potential or vocational abilities could be developed over time.

Dikeledi Mamiala   Andile Mji   and Sibongile Simelane-Mnisi   

The major contributors of challenges with teaching and learning of Euclidean Geometry relate to teaching pedagogy, teaching methodologies, students' lack of interest in Geometry, lack of understanding of many geometric concepts and lack of use of technology. The performance of students in high school Geometry, Grade 10-12, is poor. Students with high self-efficacy that is linked to interest, are more likely to make efforts to complete a task and persist longer in those efforts. The purpose of this paper was to investigate students' interest in understanding Geometry in high school Further Education and Training phase. Participants were 390 Grade 10-12 Mathematics students from Mpumalanga and North West in South Africa. A mixed-methods approach was utilized following the convergent parallel sequential design. Qualitative data were collected through the survey questionnaire, with open-ended and closed-ended questions to determine students' interest in Geometry. Atlas ti was used to analyse qualitative data. The quantitative aspects were analysed with SPSS. It was found that students indicated that the teachers continue to teach even if they do not understand. The results also showed that more than half (57.1%) of the students felt calm and relaxed when they were attempting Geometry problems. About 60% of the students were confident enough to take Mathematics at high school level, which included Geometry. It is recommended that teachers take into consideration the students' interests when planning and preparing Geometry lessons.

Nurlaelah   Akhmad Syahid   Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady   and Mega Fia Lestari   

Various studies on learning methods continue to develop a learning method that can increase students' enthusiasm for learning activities and outcomes. This research aimed to measure the increase in students' learning activities and outcomes using the Observation-Based Learning (OBL) method as a practical learning alternative. The research was a Classroom Action Research, and the subjects were the eighth-grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) 2 Makassar in English lesson. The procedure of this research was carried out in four cycles, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research used quantitative and qualitative approaches by calculating the increase in students' learning activities and outcomes using the observation sheet, pre-test, and post-test. The results showed that the OBL method had an instructional and nurturing effect. This can be seen by observing curiosity, discipline, motivation, flexibility, and enthusiasm through the visual, oral, emotional, and mental activities. Besides, the OBL method was proven to shift the learning paradigm from subject-oriented and teacher-centered to student-centered. In this research, the designated learning method could be implemented well in English lessons in the eighth grade of MTsN 2 Makassar. This means that it can also be adopted in any other lessons or subjects from basic education to secondary education. Therefore, the OBL method has a significant impact on both teachers and students to create and even increase enthusiasm for learning activities and outcomes.

Yucel Gelisli   and Lazura Kazykhankyzy   

The aim of the present study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine students' attitudes towards university education. The sample of the study consisted of students enrolled in various teacher education programs of Gazi Education Faculty, Gazi University. A total of 556 students participated in the study. The data collected from 233 students were used for exploratory factor analysis, whereas 323 students' data were used for confirmatory factor analysis. Firstly, the items were created to compile an item pool and relevant academic staffs were asked to evaluate face and content validity of the scale. Then, the draft scale was applied to the sample and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to determine the factor structure of the scale. As a result of EFA, the scale comprised of 19 items grouped onto three factors was developed. Moreover, to test the three-factorial structure of the scale confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was accomplished. The results of CFA confirmed the three-factorial structure of the scale. Finally, reliability analysis results indicated that the internal consistency coefficients for the whole of the students' attitudes towards university education scale and three subscales were .906; .835; .872; and .796.

Isaac Ofem Ubi   Bassey Asuquo Bassey   German Efa Anagbogu   and Ofem Usani Joseph   

Assessment irregularities are corrupt and unethical activities introduced in determination of learner’s outcome. Assessment irregularities refer to all corrupt and unethical activities introduced by teachers in determining the abilities of the learner. The study analyzed assessment irregularities among academic staff of universities in Nigeria as perceived by their students. Relevant literature to this phenomenon indicates that the Nigerian Education is plagued by irregularities ranging from examination malpractices by students to falsification of assessment of students by their teachers. The design adopted for this study was survey. The sample was made up of 450 students from two public universities (one federal owned and the other state owned) in the country. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample. The instrument used for data collection was a checklist designed by the researchers and titled Assessment Irregularity Scale (AIS). Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the instrument was .81. Results of the study showed that students’ perceived assessment irregularities among academic staff are high for most items. The results also showed that place of residence, attitude towards school and self concept influenced students’ perceptions about irregularities of their lecturers. Based on the findings, it was recommended that there should be wide training of university teachers, on periodic basis, in order to equip them with testing skills and modern assessment practices.

Edelyn A. Cadorna   Erwin F. Cadorna   and Joseph G. Taban   

This study explored the learning progression in Algebra of students from a cohort perspective and individual perspective. Utilizing the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods and employing the Rasch measurement modeling, the progress in the Algebraic performance of the 592 students (Grade 8, Grade 9 and Grade 10) in a school division in the Philippines was examined four times in around one academic year. Analyses revealed that the students only have a low level of performance in Algebra. Through the Rasch analysis, there was a progress in students' Algebraic performance from a cross-sectional perspective. Their ability estimates increased with the grade level. The performance of the students also developed from the individuals' perspective. More students displayed progress while some retrogressed in their performance in the algebraic test. Moreover, from an individual perspective, the algebraic students' performance developed over the period in all grade levels. There is also an increase in the mastery of the students in the different tasks in the test. The answers of the students are dependent on their ability, as predicted from the Rasch model.

Kiran Chalise   

Disability has three major perspectives; the bio-medical; functional and right-outcome [1]. From this angle, the concern of the study in the form of any perspectives and its results are always the curious part for the people and scholars who are investing their time to contribute to the field of inclusive education and disability in Nepal. Under this context, this study is the review of the available studies on disability perspectives inclusive education happened in Nepal from the period of 2010 to 2020. It is basically the methodological description/ review with major findings on the compiled studies. For the study, the researchers, studies, books, reports and journal articles published and issued in Nepal and carried out in the context of Nepal particularly on disability perspectives inclusive education were compiled and reviewed. The descriptive analysis showed that majority of studies were carried out from subjective analysis domination (qualitative) rather than objective (quantitative) ones by excluding the analysis to know on what extends the atmosphere of schools will hamper the education of disabled children in schools. The problems and challenges to implement inclusive education were not minutely revealed out by the studies through the set quality indicators of inclusive education in Nepal. The study has suggested initiating the researches on mentioned angles in research gaps.

Ngoc-Giang Nguyen   Huyen-Trang Pham   and Thi-Ngoc Tham Nguyen   

Problem-based learning competence is one of the most important competencies of mathematical competence. Many researchers believe that this capacity is a factor that directly affects the development of students' competencies and qualities. Among the components of problem-based learning competencies, the generalization of the problem is one of the key factors. Especially generalization of problems about exponential functions and logarithmic functions is still an open issue, which is rarely interested in research. Our research is carried out to identify and analyze factors of problem-based learning competence through generalizing the actual problems on the topic of exponential and logarithmic functions in Vietnam. The questionnaire survey method with 47 high school teachers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, shows that 10.64% of teachers think that the teaching method of problem-based learning competence is of little importance; 25.53% think it is important and 63.83% think it is very important. We conducted experiments with 89 students and processed analytical data using SPSS software. From the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, students showed interest and fascination with the generalized teaching method of the actual problem. The test results showed that the experimental class had a much higher score than the control class. The research also provides a table comparing the differences between problem-solving and discovery teaching with teaching to develop problem-based learning competence; the process of teaching generalizations as well as examples illustrating practical problems on the topic of exponents and logarithmic functions. Research results also show that students are excited, proactively discover and learn from real-life problems more than before and do more practical issues. The findings from the research have important implications in fostering problem-based learning competence through generalizing practical problems on the topic of exponents and logarithms for students.

K. O. Adu   and N. Duku   

Mathematics is the foundation for the economic and technological development of any nation. It has been asserted that Mathematics is expected to help in accelerating the socio-econo-techno progress of any society. The purpose of this paper is to find out the correlation between the utilization of instructional materials and Grade 6 learners' performance in Mathematics in Buffalo City. Despite the importance of Mathematics as the gateway to the world of science and technology, Mathematics is also regarded as the subject in which many learners underperform. The study adopted a correlational research design and a quantitative approach. The target population of this study was Grade 6 learners in the Buffalo City district. Stratified sampling was used to select 1225 Grade 6 learners. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the availability and utilization of instructional materials and Grade 6 learners' performance in Mathematics in Buffalo City (r = 0.999; p>0.05). There is no significant difference between gender and Grade 6 learners' Mathematics performance at Buffalo City (t = -.217, df = 1218, p>0.05). The mean difference between male learners (=12.820, SD = 3.969) and female learners (=12.872, SD=4.098) was negligible. It was observed that where materials are available, the management, selection, and effective use are lacking. It is recommended that teachers should not only be encouraged on the use of instructional materials but also be capacitated and guided on the effective use, management, improvisation, and selection of relevant and appropriate materials.

Budi Murtiyasa   and Riska Rahmawati   

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an important role, especially in the field of education. The Indonesian government has decided that ICT is one of the compulsory subjects for Junior High School children. In several schools in Indonesia, the teachers still use conventional methods in learning. It is necessary to innovate learning media applications for student learning aids in schools. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE method (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate). The populations in this study were students of 9^th grade junior high school in Cepu, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 62 students from two different classes were included in this study, which were defined as the experimental group and the control group. Data collection techniques used test and questionnaire methods. The data analysis technique is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The assessment of the media expert got a value of 0.84 which could be declared valid, (2) The evaluation of the material expert got a value of 0.86 which could be declared valid, (3) The student's assessment got a value of 64.11 which can be categorized as marginal, (4) The students learning outcomes of the experimental class increased 17% than control class. From the results of the analysis and testing of research data, it can be concluded that the learning media can improve students learning outcomes from the previous method.

Ibrahim Alahassan Libata   Mohd Norawi Ali   and Hairul Nizam Ismail   

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of 7E Inquiry Integrated Module. The purposive sampling method was used to select 73 participants distributed among Concrete, and formal cognitive levels based on (LCTSR) Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning. States of Matter Achievement Test (SMAT) was used in pre-test and Posttest and delayed posttest for data on academic achievement. The researchers randomly assigned students to an experimental group (39 students) and a control group (34 students). Four research questions guided the study. Meanwhile, the standard deviation was used to answer the research questions. The Mixed between and within-subject ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney test were used to test the Null Hypotheses at P < 0.05. The significant findings revealed that the experimental group students evidenced more learning achievements and retention of information than the control group students (p < 0.05). The Formal developmental level students showed more learning achievements than the Concrete developmental level students (p < 0.05) across the group. Statistical interactions of phase and treatment were found to be significant (p < 0.05) in learning achievement.

Bondarenko O. R.   

This paper responds to the recent dramatic realignment of teaching processes prompted by the pandemic in terms of speed and effort. The phenomenon was labelled “emergency remote teaching” by Hodges and a team of scholars to distinguish the abrupt shift to online study during the pandemic from systemic online teaching. Since the pedagogical context regarded is unprecedented and has, to date, received minimal scholarly attention, the author takes the liberty of sharing her small-scale exploratory experiences. The goal of this empirical research was to gauge first-hand tertiary students’ perceptions of the significant changes that took place in foreign language learning routines this year. The researcher was interested in students’ general attitudes about the sudden shift in learning environment from physical face-to-face learning in the classroom to remote learning, as well as the restrictions imposed by it and students’ readiness to continue remote language learning if necessary in the future, as a high degree of uncertainty about future prospects remains. To meet this goal, a questionnaire was offered to students of a bachelor’s degree level course in foreign regional studies at the Russian State University for the Humanities at the conclusion of the spring term in June 2020. The results were interpreted within the framework of the generations theory and computer-mediated communication theory. Findings indicate that most respondents were hesitant about remote language learning and preferred that it be offered in combination with physical face-to-face instruction.

Katherine Joyce M. Castro   

The study deals with the thoughts and philosophies of the teacher-parents that inspire them to emphasize on the education of their own children. The informants of this study were the twenty (20) primary and secondary teacher-parents in the Division of Bulacan, Philippines who are purposely selected. Each informant has 3-6 children who are at least bachelor's degree holders. This research employs qualitative research design. The study’s main tool is a semi-structured interview questionnaire. After the completion of the interviews, all data were transcribed and then analyzed using content analysis. Based on the results of the study, the following findings were noted: securing a better future of their children serves as the greatest motivation for the teacher-parents in sending their children to school; and teacher-parents assured that their children will finish their studies on time by securing the finances for the education of their children. The researcher recommends that the proposed financial scheme be adopted by the teacher-parents to help them in the prioritization of the education of their children.

Timothy D. Gwillim   and Irina I. Karimova   

With the advance of COVID-19, many colleges and universities needed to find alternative ways to conduct international exchanges. Many international exchanges and activities were canceled due to the virus. Also, much attention was diverted away from international activities as many focused on changing their classes to online formats. Due to the authors participation in Fulbright programs, cooperation between St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT) and Davidson County Community College (DCCC) began. Despite the cancelations and challenges that were occurring, SPbSUT in Russia and DCCC in North Carolina continued to work together to provide international exchanges for their students. Through a series of virtual classes and topic based discussions, students developed cross-cultural awareness and momentum was gained for more collaborations. This study highlights the virtual exchanges that were developed, and gives quantitative and qualitative survey results about the collaboration. The main purpose of this report, based on research conducted by Russian and American colleagues, is to share the experience in establishing and developing global collaborations, and to involve educational and scientific institutions in international cooperation.

Abdulaziz Almalki   and Yahya Faqihi   

Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics STEAM education not only promotes students learning, but also has a significant effect on their thinking, creativity, and character. In this study, the researchers investigated the applicability of (STEAM) public education from the perspective of science and mathematics school teachers at Najran city, and the impact of gender, specialization, school level and teaching experience variables on teachers’ perceptions and their self-efficacy towards applying this approach. A scale of self-efficacy of math and science teachers on STEAM was applied to 221of Najran city school teachers in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. An internal consistency check and validity tests were performed to ensure the reliability and validity of the measure. The results indicated that the suggested methods for employing (STEAM) in the pre-university education reported high preference levels by teachers. Furthermore, differences exist on the STEAM practices and self-efficacy between the participants characteristics (gender, specialization, education level and work experience). Hence, although literature offers some information regarding teacher's perception and their STEAM practices, much remains to be unknown. There is a gap in terms of improving teachers' belief towards STEAM education and its practices. Results suggest that STEAM practices can be part of the education curriculum.

Odeh Suleiman Murad   

This study is aiming at illustrating the extent of multiple intelligences consistency in light of Gardner’s rating with academic disciplines for the students of Al-Balqa Applied University, besides, to collect the study data, multiple intelligences list was established in light of Gardner’s rating in which it is composed, in its final image, of 63 paragraphs distributed to multiple intelligences (linguistic, logical, bodily, personal, social, existential, natural, spatial, and musical), after investigating psychometric properties of the list, they were applied on a sample consisting of (550) students (males and females) who were chosen through random cluster way of the academic disciplines (educational, agricultural, administrative, engineering and medical) at Al-Balqa Applied University. The study findings, moreover, illustrated that prevailing intelligences of the study population sample were consequently as following: (personal, bodily, social existential, spatial, logical, musical, natural, and linguistic). Furthermore, the study has shown inconsistency of multiple intelligences of the students with their academic disciplines’ requirements. As a result, the researcher has recommended a set of recommendations in the light of the study findings.

Jay B. Napanoy   Glen C. Gayagay   and Jennifer Ruth C. Tuazon   

Pre-service teachers are of great importance today as they will become the next teachers to hone, mold, and instill the minds, hearts and skills of the children for greater use. It is very crucial to help these pre-service teachers by knowing their difficulties and how we are going to be of help. This study aimed to determine and discuss the extent of difficulties encountered by the pre-service teachers in one state college in Northern Philippines. Furthermore, this also determined the degree of acceptability of the identified probable strategies that can be applied to address such difficulties. This study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. Using an explanatory sequential design involves the two-phased process – collecting and analyzing quantitative data first followed by collecting qualitative data to expound the quantitative findings. The data from the questionnaire and interviews were gathered from 79 graduating pre-service teachers. The findings reveal that the pre-service teachers encounter slight difficulties in the seven support areas; administrative support, cooperating teachers, student supervisors, peers, students, related tasks, and learning environment. The findings also showed that problems encountered by pre-service teachers vary from each field of specialization. Further, the findings show that the identified strategies are moderately acceptable to be used to address the difficulties of pre-service teachers. As highlighted from the interview; individual differences among students, supervisors, and peers, lack of facilities, and lack of preparation and training are some of the key reasons affecting the difficulties encountered by pre-service teachers.

Rommel Mahmoud Alali   

Values have an important role in guiding the thinking and behavior of the individual. The ‎society is suffering from many economic problems, as it is living in a difficult situation. Since ‎students are part of society, so they have an important role in building, progressing and ‎developing their society. Therefore, this study aims to construct a scale of economic values for ‎gifted high school students at Al-Ahsa region. The developed scale covered four concepts including the value of ‎rationalization of consumption (R), the value of work (W), value of respect public property ‎ownership (O) and value of respect workers and professionals and their appreciation (A). The validity and reliability of the 55 items were tested using Raasch Model analysis. The study sample ‎consisted of (310) respondents. The findings showed that there were statistically significant ‎differences in the scale based on gender in favor of female. While there were no statistically ‎significant differences based on academic branch, academic level and interaction between ‎variables demographic of the study. Finally, the study recommended that adoption of the economic values scale in the region for gifted high school ‎students from educators and interested in the educational process. In addition, the study promotes the ‎economic values of students and implies economic concepts and values in all curricula.

Hermayawati Hermayawati   

The worldwide phenomenon of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (the Covid-19) has disrupted many sectors, including the educational process in higher-level education in Indonesia. Such condition has endorsed the stakeholders to find media, strategy and materials to optimize both the learning output and outcomes. This article is an ongoing applied study addressed to illustrate a hundred adult learners' process in acculturating their critical thinking through HOTS and meta-cognitive dimension with the limited virtual course facilities. Four steps were carried out to cultivate the students’ critical thinking, such as: (1) acculturating learning through HOTS & meta-cognition; (2) involving students in self-accessing on the selected online cultural materials; (3) conducting online group discussion on the self-accessed materials to comprehend the content of the materials; (4) evaluating other group works. The aforementioned phases need both the students’ HOTS and meta-cognitive dimension inter-vented through PIORE (Planning, Implementing, Observing, Reflecting and Evaluating) procedure. A closed-questionnaire and pretest-post-test were used to collect data of the students’ before-after learning process through HOTS and meta-cognitive dimension improvement. The first year investigation reveals that they have been well-acculturated to explore their critical thinking both in delivering and responding to the given queries stimulus. It was shown by the gain score achievement of 2.4. This score resulted from Md (Mean Difference was 5.0 to 7.4). This was considered less-optimal due to the limitations of the existing online media, in addition to the ineffectiveness of internet access in their living areas. Such findings provide forthcoming issues to solve for future studies.

Jacinta Katumbe Mutisya   Wilfrida Arnodah Itolondo   and Samson Ikinya Kariuki   

Tutors are the most powerful and influential contributors to the achievement of teacher education curriculum objectives. Tutor beliefs about a knowledge-based curriculum upon which academic rationalism is premised is paramount in intellectual development of teacher trainees. This study sought to determine tutors’ preference on the choice of instructional approaches; to determine tutors’ level of academic rationalism orientation; and to determine the relationship between tutors’ academic rationalism orientation and choice of instructional approaches. This study adopted a correlational design with a mixed methods approach. Tutors’ questionnaire, HODs’ interview guide, classroom observation and document analysis were used to collect data. Sample population involved 178 tutors, 35 HODs, 20 classrooms and 4 documents purposively sampled from five primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the study variables as per the study objectives. The study found that there was a significant relationship between tutors’ academic rationalism orientation and the choice of instructional approaches they used. However, despite tutors’ beliefs on knowledge-based curriculum, there was found to exist methodological gaps as tutors experienced challenges in supervising teacher trainees during teaching practice and in comprehensive coverage of the syllabus involving the practical component. The study concluded that there is need to improve teacher management and professional development so as to improve the quality of education in primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. The study recommended review of deployment of tutors by Teachers Service Commission (TSC) to primary teachers training colleges to capture tutors who have undergone training in teacher education methodology. The study also recommended regular in-service training for tutors to update their skills on the current trends on use of learner centered instructional approaches.

Dwi Sulisworo   Muh. Amiruddin Salem   Rahmad Bala   and Ma’ruf Ishak Ola   

Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on learning practices in various countries. The Government of Indonesia conducts Covid-19 Mitigation in various sectors, including education. MOEC (Ministry of Education and Culture) issued regulations to organize knowledge using online learning at all levels of schools in all regions. Elementary schools in rural areas face obstacles in implementing online learning according to government regulations during the pandemic. Teachers use a variety of applications when carrying out online learning. Teachers use social media applications the most in education during this rapid change situation. One of the social media used during this mitigation is WhatsApp. This study aims to describe the response of learner’s satisfaction in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, during online learning with this media. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using the COLLES questionnaire. This questionnaire was created using Google Form and distributed through WhatsApp Group to students. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling of 123 students who joined online lectures using this media. The results of this study show that students are generally satisfied with online learning. Some aspects that need to be improved are at the level of appreciation, lecturer feedback during lectures. These results provide optimism for online learning as a new learning process in the modern era after Covid-19 mitigation ends.

Ghaffour Mohamed Toufik   and Sarnou Hanane   

The Information Age has paved immense pathways for the emergence of technology, which led to eventually a complete digitalization of our communities. An ideal example of this advent is the continued growth of online video games (OVG) worldwide between youngsters and adults. To this end, our primary purpose was to understand and learn more about the diverse effects of online video games on EFL learners at the extent to which OVGs can be applied, as a new technique in academic settings. To go deeply through this research, we selected age and gender as variables to investigate their influence on EFL learners’ communication skills and their intercultural communicative competence in online video games. We used a mixed-methods approach to collect relevant data for the current research study, including an online learners’ questionnaire, interviews, and in-game observations. The results revealed that online video games became beneficial and useful for learners of English as a foreign language. They help improve communication skills and intercultural communication skills in educational settings. However, the list of conditions should be checked for learning and communication in online video games.

Çağrı Tuğrul Mart   

The hesitation to use poetry in the language classroom comes from its deemed inappropriateness in language learning. The use of non-standard vocabulary and broken syntax and grammar rules begets ambivalence toward poetry. In addition, language learners cannot overcome this vacillation due to poetry’s demands on imaginative engagement. However, poetry is a content-rich reading tool which makes it an ideal, and authentic context to improve vocabulary and grammar acquisition, enhance written expression and oral discussion. The inclusion of poetry in language teaching serves as a catalyst for improvement of pronunciation, stress and rhythm. The core premise of studying poetry is its merit to spawn engagement of learners to construct meaningful interpretations and build knowledge through the identification of linguistic elements. Poetry should be embraced for its mightiness to expose learners to a great wealth of comprehensible input. Penetrating into poetry and experimenting with its creatively used style of language to infer meaning is an optimal grounding to decipher language patterns and weld this knowledge into oral production. This article supports the inclusion of poetry in language learning for creating conditions conducive to language enrichment and proposes that poetry be used at all levels of instruction to enable learners to make huge leaps in language learning.

Abeer Qasem Abdullah   Abdallah Ahmad Baniabedelrahaman   and Khaled Mohammed Al-Omari   

In Jordan, deaf learners suffer from great weakness in English language; this is attributed to using the traditional method for implementing modern or more active methods. Therefore, this study aimed at looking into the effect of a computerized glossary instructional program on deaf students to learn English language vocabulary skills and their retention in Jordan. The two questions of the study were: Are there any statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in student’s vocabulary skills that are attributed to the teaching strategy? Are there statistically differences in deaf students’ retention of the new vocabulary items attributed to the teaching strategy? The design of the research is quasi-experimental with an experimental group and a control group. Pre-post test was used to collect the data. The delayed is used to measure students' retention. The participants of the study were male and female students from Al Amal School for deaf students in Irbid city. They were randomly divided into a control group (21 students) and an experimental group (22 students). The results of the study showed that the computerized glossary had a significant effect on deaf students' vocabulary skills as well their retention. Thus, the deaf students had the ability to remember the computerized glossary through spelling the new words, reading them, and remembering their meanings in Arabic through using the sign language. In light of the results, it is recommended to integrate the computerized glossary to deaf students in the Jordanian EFL curriculum for teaching English language and vocabulary skills.

Tahani Salman Alrajeh   

Project-based learning (PBL) is a constructivist approach to learning which has been used successfully in a variety of settings and has received recognition as a method of enabling students to acquire 21st century skills (Cyprian, 2014: & Al- Ali, 2015). Some (Al-Saifi, 2016; Taskin-Can, 2011; & Baysura et al., 2016) have argued that if pre-service teachers are to be effective at implementing PBL with their students, they need repeated experiential exposure to the model in their university teacher training programs. One area of investigation has focused on the ability of pre-service teachers to implement the PBL model within their own classroom instructional experiences despite demonstrating adequate knowledge about PBL in their university coursework. The purpose of this manuscript is to address the value of preparing pre-service teachers to be K-12 science teachers through immersing them in PBL methodology in order to enhance their future teaching practices by modeling PBL teaching methodology in their university courses. It also sheds the light on online implementation of PBL and technology integration. 45 relevant studies have been reviewed in this manuscript. The challenges of implementing PBL found in the literature were mainly related to four: programs' policy, professional development, environment, and students’ willingness. Professional development sessions for faculty members, partnerships with local and international organizations specialists in this area of learning, and continuous evaluation of the current programs can be helpful strategies in achieving successful implementation of PBL in teacher preparation programs. Implementing PBL in teacher preparation programs contributes in fully integrating theory and practice; and positively influences student teachers’ professional, academic and personal skills.

Mahmoud Itmeizeh   and Mohammed Farrah   

After the spread of the Pandemic COVID-19, all educational institutions worldwide shifted to online learning utilizing varied online applications to hold virtual meetings instead of face-to-face ones. Therefore, Palestinian universities used different applications synchronously and asynchronously to manage this sudden and unexpected switch from completely face-to-face mode to an online one. The study aims to investigate the extent to which the online applications utilized in Palestine Ahliya University and Hebron University met the agreed-upon benchmarks of online mode. It also aimed at investigating EFL instructors' and learners' perceptions of online education and the challenges that both of them may face. The sample of the study consisted of 139 students (27 males & 112 females), and 32 instructors (19 males & 13 females) from both universities. Regarding the harmony between participants' responses and the online agreed-upon benchmarks, results showed that all instructors' responses scored high degrees of agreement while the students' ones scored medium degrees. EFL learners' and instructors' perceptions towards the utilization of some web applications scored medium degrees though some of the questionnaire items scored high degrees. No statistically significant differences were traced due to all variables except for the variable 'Student Support Benchmark' in favor of the instructors who are aged from 40-50. There are also statistically significant differences between the means of instructors' responses in the domain 'Student Support' in favor of Palestine Ahliya University while other domains show no statistically significant differences between both universities. Some conclusions and recommendations were concluded at the end of the study.

Gayane Oganesovna Petrosyan   Irina Stepanovna Bashmakova   Elena Alexandrovna Danilina   and Indiana Ivanovna Kazieva   

The article is devoted to the main aspects of the x approach application for the intercultural competence formation for students. The article discusses the specific pedagogical principles of the linguodidactic approach, which are necessary for the formation of intercultural competence in the linguodidactic education model. The purpose of the article is to present the data obtained in the course of an empirical study, establishing the linguodidactic approach effectiveness in the intercultural competence formation among students of non-linguistic universities. The research materials were questionnaires of three groups of the 3rd course and one control group of students at RUDN University. The general sample consisted of 45 people (each group consisted of 15 students). The period of the empirical research coincided in time with the annual students' practice, which made it possible to use information, related to the main specialization of students, as the basis for the application of the linguodidactic approach to teaching English. The methodology of our empirical research is based on a systematic approach and includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction), as well as a group of special methods: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, the method of sociological questioning (survey); as well as a method for analyzing statistical data. Based on the data obtained, the author of the article concludes that the linguodidactic approach to teaching English for students of non-linguistic specialties proves its effectiveness due to the connection between language practice and the formation of intercultural competence.

Saida Kuftan Aladwan   

Aim: The present study investigated the impact of a training program based on Autonomous learner model of Betts on developing creative leadership skills of gifted students in Jordan. Method: The study adopted the quasi-experimental approach. A sample of 60 Jordanian gifted students were recruited from the "Talent and Creativity Program" launched by International Pioneers Academy in Amman. The study sample was divided randomly into a control group (n=30) and an experimental group (n=30). The researcher designed a creative leadership scale that investigated 11 domains, they were: Vision, planning, social communication, motivation, team building, public relations, management, communication, conflict resolving, decision making, and problem solving. The designed training program included activities that focused on learners' autonomy through a set of activities that allow the students to use their metacognitive and behavioral abilities. Results: The results of the study showed that there were significant statistical differences in the post-assessment of the creative leadership scale between the control group and the experimental group at a significance level (α≤0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded the effectiveness of the training program based on Betts learner autonomy model on developing the creative leadership and problem solving skills among Jordanian gifted students. The study recommended providing a comprehensive educational and training package to activate the autonomous learning programs designed for developing the creative leadership and problem solving skills among gifted students.

Hisham Almakanin   Ali Olaimat   Omayya Al-Hassan   Ali Alodat   and Ayoub Al-Rousan   

Emotional security and social competence are considered crucial psychological factors that affect the learning process, especially among vulnerable groups such as refugees and people with disabilities. This study aimed to identify the level of emotional security and social competence among Syrian refugees' children with learning disabilities. To achieve this objective, a descriptive-analytical approach was used to identify the level of emotional security, and social competence among (161) Syrian refugee children with learning disabilities enrolled in resource rooms in schools in the Zarqa Governorate, Jordan. The participants responded to emotional security and social competence scales. The results showed statistically significant differences in emotional security among Syrian refugees' children with learning disabilities attributed to their gender in favor of female children. At the same time, there was no difference in emotional security level based on parental status. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in social competence level based on the parental status for those who live with their parents. In general, the results showed a positive correlation between emotional security and social competence in children with learning disabilities from refugees. This study highlights the importance of conducting training programs to increase the level of emotional security, academic skills, and social behavior among refugee children with learning disabilities.

Issam Mostafa Ta'amneh   and Abeer Al-Ghazo   

The present study aims at investigating the Jordanian EFL teachers' attitudes toward the most common group work activities used among them to develop their students' linguistic competence. Moreover, it tries to shed the light on the teachers' common techniques in planning for the group work in their classrooms. Besides, it aims at finding if the teachers' attitudes toward using the group work as a technique vary according to gender. To conduct the study, a questionnaire was prepared in advance to measure the teachers' attitudes and the most working techniques that help in developing the students' language. It was distributed among 40 Jordanian EFL secondary teachers at Ajloun and Irbid directorates of education in Jordan. To analyze the participants' responses in the questionnaire, different statistical analyses were used such as Means and Standard Deviations and Cronbach's Alpha. The results pointed out that the Jordanian EFL secondary school teachers had a positive attitude towards using the group work to develop their students' English language, as it helps them in developing their students' linguistic competence. Moreover, the results pointed out that the overall degree of the group work activities that are used the most by the Jordanian EFL teachers is medium. Furthermore, the analysis showed that there are not any statistical differences in the teachers' attitudes towards using group work that could be attributed to gender.

Adriana Carolina Torres Escobar   

School closures, online education, public health, and economic crises pose significant challenges for students, teachers, and governments. This qualitative research describes the education gap in Latin America, its social tensions, and disparities. Furthermore, it explains theoretical concepts such as subjectivities, subjectivation, governmentality, technologies of power, technologies of the self, ethics, normalization, agency, and interculturality. These are some of the researcher's areas of expertise. It also presents the actions taken by Colombia and Mexico to guarantee access to education and digital devices, as well as high-quality contents, interactions, and tasks, during the deadly spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that education policies do not adequately address student diversity and do not ensure equity in education. The situation has magnified deep-rooted socioeconomic, racial, and educational injustices. The education system has been designed for homogeneous groups, middle and upper-class students, and individuals who are not related to minority groups. The majority of economically vulnerable students cannot access educational resources, have dropped out of school, have experienced interruptions in the learning process, and have developed psychological disorders. Neither teachers nor students have the opportunity to participate in public policy design, hindering the possibility of exercising their "agency" and socializing contributions that could lead to large-scale social transformations in their countries beyond their schools' borders. The article reveals the voices of students, teachers, and parents. Additionally, it proposes approaches and strategies that teachers, students, and governments should apply to promote diversity, critical thinking skills, and interculturality. These elements contribute to the accomplishment of social justice, equity, and authentic democratic processes. Indeed, education should assist the students in acquiring solid foundations to use their "technologies of the self," value diversity, decide, and do not let hegemonies control them through "normalization." Finally, it suggests questions that teachers should reflect on to be creative in their teaching practice, innovate and widen their students' learning and motivational possibilities.

Yusuf Faisal Martak   Chotib   and Renny Nurhasana  

The types of inequality problems in Indonesia are very diverse, one of which is the rate of return on investment in education. To date, this problem has not been resolved by the government. The existence of this imbalance is thought to have a negative effect on the level of welfare of an area where the rate of return is relatively lower. This study aims to see the magnitude of the rate of return on education investment for each district and city in Indonesia. In addition, an analysis of the spatial effect of returns on education investment is also carried out on the level of welfare of an area in adjacent areas. Using the Mincer model to measure the rate of return for each region, the results show that the rate of return on investment in education in all districts and cities in Indonesia varies widely, ranging from 1% to 11%. Also, spatial analysis using the Spatial Autoregressive model shows that any increase in the percentage of return on investment in education in a certain area will decrease the level of welfare in the surrounding area. The proper regulations specifically related to equality of benefit after getting the education and the ease of migration are needed to overcome each region's negative spillover effect.

Le Thi Hoai Chau   Ngo Minh Duc   and Duong Huu Tong   

The purpose of this study was to give students a complete understanding of the derivative concept and at the same time help them to realize the critical applications of derivatives in many problems of physics, from which students see the close connection of mathematics and physics. Because this was a case study, the sample included only 30 grade 11 students in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. The instrument included physics problems designed to show students the derivative development associated with some situations in physics. Reliable data were obtained, including students' worksheets, teacher conversations, and they were analyzed qualitatively to clarify students' understanding of derivative concepts and problem-solving abilities. It was reported that once the two-increase ratio boundary defined the derivative, the students involved in experiments realized the general significance of the derivative in calculating the instantaneous quantity change rate. This interdisciplinary approach also promoted the use of derivatives in many different contexts of science and practice, particularly in mathematics and physics.

Hüseyin Polat   and Fatma Bilge Emre   

This study aims to develop logical thinking skills scale for science teacher candidates. The method of the study is the scale development model, which is the sub model of the exploratory pattern in the mixed method. The scale was prepared by referring to Lawson's Classroom Test of Science Reasoning (1978). In the study, the item pool was created first. The questions were prepared from the topics in the General Chemistry Laboratory Applications course from six sub-dimensions. Taking the expert opinion, necessary corrections were made and a trial form with 13 multiple choice and two open-ended questions were prepared. Multiple choice questions consist of two stages. In the first stage, it is requested to find the right option regarding the item (group A questions), and in the other stage, the reason for the answer (group B questions) is requested. The trial form was applied to 142 science teacher candidates. Multiple choice questions were analyzed with the Test Analysis Program (TAP). Open-ended items were rearranged receiving expert opinion in the light of the data obtained by scoring. At the end of the analysis, the 12th item was removed from the scale. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the average difficulty and discrimination indices of the A and B group items were high. As a result of these findings, it can be said that the logical thinking abilities scale developed for prospective science teachers is appropriate in terms of reliability and validity.

Moder Sabah Abd   

This study is an attempt to identify "the effect of using the integrative approach strategy on academic achievement and self-efficacy of students of the College of Education ". It also shows the best method that develops the learners' ability of acquiring knowledge and sciences from the researcher's point of view. Through the research, it seems that there is a remarkable weakness in academic achievement and self-efficacy among students of the College of Education in the subject of educational psychology. For achieving the goal of this study, it is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study the scientific subject using the integrative approach and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject in the usual way in attaining the educational psychology subject and in academic self-efficacy. The present study aims to discover the effect of using the integrative approach or strategy on imparting writing skills to students of English department, College of Education in Islamic university in Najaf for the academic year 2018-2019 AD.

Ann Kerbey   and Anssi Roiha   

The aim of this design research project was to investigate possible ways of developing foreign language (i.e. English) speaking skills of secondary school students who do not readily speak English in class. It was felt that an intervention was required to raise student-speaking skills in preparation for their oral exam. Empirical data were collected and a literature review was conducted in order to have a deeper understanding of the problem. The data collection methods of the study were questionnaires, interviews, lessons observations as well as a course book analysis. The data collected indicated that speaking production can be affected by a number of criteria such as anxiety, confidence, lack of vocabulary and/or practice. The data collection and the literature review informed the designed product (i.e. series of six lessons focusing on developing students' speaking skills). The product was trialled during May 2020 and both teachers and students were asked for their assessment of the product. The evaluation data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The evaluation of the product showed that both teachers and students received the product positively and it was found to have had positive effect in changing students' perception of their speaking ability. The results of this study encourage teachers to deviate from textbooks that do not extensively focus on oral production and come up with alternative products to increase student-speaking time in foreign language education.

Shin-Yi Lee   

Students rarely reflect on mathematics. Reflection requires higher order cognition that has proven difficult to teach. Much of the literature in mathematics learning has highlighted the significance of reflection without, however, offering much enlightenment on the current research status of students' reflection within mathematical situations. In this study, a wide range of academic literature associated with students' reflection within mathematical situations is reviewed. Three important aspects then emerge from the literature review: how to operationally define, individually facilitate, and analyze students' reflection within mathematical situations. Based on the three emerging important aspects, it would be worthwhile for future studies to develop an operational definition of reflection in mathematics learning, to research how students' reflection relates to their cognition and metacognition within mathematical situations, to invent individual reflective strategies in mathematics learning and to investigate the effect of such strategies on their mathematical performance, to devise techniques to analyze students' reflective behaviors within mathematical situations, and to explore the extent to which students' reflection could be promoted in mathematics learning. It is hoped that this article will develop ideas for future practice and research on students' reflection within mathematical situations about students' reflection and the role it plays in mathematics learning.

Almighty C. Tabuena   

This action research study utilized a quasi-experimental design to examine the effect of research-based music classroom assessment techniques on the students' performance in flute recorder education of one group using the pre-test and post-test design. The study used a purposive sampling of 30 eighth grade junior high school students from the eight sections of Espiritu Santo Parochial School of Manila, Inc. The participants were introduced to three research-based music classroom assessment techniques as an academic intervention in their flute recorder music learning such as Instrumental Schematic Processing, Music Concept Memory Exercise, and Five-Letter Name Pitch Memory Test. The results of pre-evaluation and post-evaluation were compared to determine its effect. The results showed that the students had a low performance in the pre-test and there was an increase in the post-test after its utilization with a mean score of 23.00 and a standard deviation of 2.83. The t-value of 12.717 significant at p < .01 has a significant difference in the performance of the students in flute recorder education. The computed value of normalized gain was 0.469 inferred to a moderate gain on the students' scores. The research-based music classroom assessment techniques as an academic intervention showed positive implications on the students' music learning and performance in flute recorder education. It could also be used as part of an integral domain in assessment and evaluation of learning intended to introduce the classroom teacher and prospective teacher to those elements of measurement and assessment essentials for effective teaching.

Alberto D. Yazon   and Eden C. Callo   

As the whole world is facing the Pandemic COVID-19 crisis, where the conventional way of teaching-learning process, face-to-face interaction between students and teachers has suspended due to modified/general enhanced community quarantine, the action of the government to control and mitigate the spread of the disease, the educational landscapes of higher education institutions have been changed. This descriptive correlational research using the predictive method assessed teachers' knowledge, self-efficacy, practices, and perceived effectiveness in adopting flexible learning. The instruments used in this study were validated by experts in the fields of educational management, curriculum and instruction, quality assurance, research, and statistics. It obtained a reliability coefficient of Cronbach α = 0.955 which indicated an excellent reliability index. The responses from 531 faculties at the Laguna State Polytechnic University were generated through online survey. The results were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, multiple linear regression analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to determine the significant predictors of respondent's self-assessed effectiveness in adopting flexible learning. The study revealed that their knowledge and self-efficacy significantly explain 38.50% of the regular faculty's scores in their self-assessed effectiveness in adopting a flexible learning approach and practices in this alternative mode for the new normal. Moreover, the SEM using confirmatory factor analysis disclosed that the observed parameters of teachers' knowledge, self-efficacy, and practices covary and significantly explain their self-assessed effectiveness in flexible learning. Hence, the Laguna State Polytechnic University's senior officials may customize flexible learning to suit the readiness of faculty, capacitate them as they shift to this alternative mode of instructional delivery, and capitalize the acquired technological and pedagogical content knowledge instead of the Learning Continuity Plan.

Yerizon   Fitrani Dwina   and Nor'ain Mohd. Tajudin   

Technology plays a significant role in all aspects of human life, including the education world. For instance, the use of computer media in the learning process is very useful for improving students' mathematical abilities such as GeoGebra. Therefore, this research aims to describe the results of various studies on the usage of GeoGebra software as a mathematical learning tool to improve students' spatial abilities. This is a descriptive research where intensive and rigorous literatures were reviewed, with data collected from previous studies on GeoGebra software's effect on learning mathematics. Several related electronic databases were explored to investigate for the relevant articles. The relevant articles identified use the snowballing method. The result showed that the use of GeoGebra software is one of the most frequently used technologies in the mathematics classroom as well as in other fields of science because of the great potential of this software in helping students to master important mathematical concepts and offer features specific to mathematical concepts for mathematics learning. The use of GeoGebra helps students understand mathematical material and improve spatial abilities, visualize and animate mathematical objects as well as motivates students to learn mathematics using GeoGebra.

Khaled A. Dweikat   and Hanan A. Hasan   

Literature on smartphone technology indicates that smartphones nowadays are almost accessible to everyone with a high percentage even in the least developing countries like Palestine. This accessibility might be due to the various applications, functions and features of the new generations of the smartphones. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the attitudes of EFL teachers towards using smartphones in the classroom among Palestinian secondary students during COVID-19 pandemic. The study also aimed to find the influence of teachers' gender, years of experience, qualification and the grades the teachers teach on their attitudes. To achieve the objectives of the study, 58 male and female EFL teachers were surveyed through a five-point scale questionnaire and a focus group using Zoom. Results revealed that the attitudes of EFL teachers were moderately positive and that there were no statistically significant differences between the teachers' attitudes due to teachers' gender, years of experience, qualification and the grades the teachers teach. These results shed some light on the readiness of Palestinian EFL teachers to update their methods of teaching and to cope with the ongoing challenges imposed by Coronavirus pandemic.

Hardi Tambunan   

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of mathematics teachers in building resilience and mathematical literacy towards student learning outcomes. This type of research is ex post facto with a sample of 283 students from a population of 961 students consisting of seven states and five private high schools, and obtained in clusters from twelve sub-districts in North Sumatra. The research instrument used a questionnaire and test. The data analysis used descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis conclude several things, namely (1) the teacher's performance in building mathematical resilience and literacy is in the medium category, (2) students' mathematical resilience, students' mathematical literacy abilities, and student learning outcomes are in the medium category. The results of inferential analysis show that the teacher's performance in building mathematical resilience, (1) has a high impact on the mathematical resilience of students which is influenced by students' mathematical literacy abilities to influence student learning outcomes, and (2) has a high impact on students' mathematical literacy abilities which is influenced by students' mathematical resilience to affect student learning outcomes. The teacher's performance in building mathematical literacy, (3) has a high impact on students' mathematical resilience which is influenced by students' mathematical literacy abilities to influence student learning outcomes, and (4) has a high impact on students' mathematical literacy abilities which is influenced by students' mathematical resilience to influence student learning outcomes in math. Thus it can be stated that the performance of teachers in building resilience and mathematical literacy has an impact on student learning outcomes.

Azwin Arif Abdul Rahim   Nor Yazi Khamis   Mohd Shafeirul Zaman Abd Majid   Arulselvi Uthayakumaran   and Nursyaheedah Muhammad Isa   

In this project, crowdsourcing science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) content were used to promote enjoyable, challenge-based English language gamification to young ESL learners and instructors altogether. The aim is to optimize the participants’ engagement in learning STEM disciplines using the target language. However, relevant literature in this area shows inadequate empirical evidence on engagement when these two activities combined are implemented in real-life settings. This research therefore, was conducted to explore the participants’ engagement in learning STEM contents, outside their classroom setting, using crowdsourcing and gamification activities. Through needs analysis of 48 participants (school children aged 13 to 14 years) who were assisted by 20 university undergraduates to be involved in the ‘Young Scientist Camp’ project, it was discovered that the participants had minimal exposure to the use of technology as well as the language in learning STEM disciplines. The participants were assigned to crowd-source for online STEM contents because the target is to maximize the use of English language. The contents were used to form several questions which they then took turns to test their peers from other groups using Kahoot! The qualitative data of the study were gathered via video recorded interaction, observations, and focus group interviews. Tesch’s thematic analysis, Kappa coefficient for inter-rater reliability and an observation checklist using Kapp’s motivational characteristics of game elements were used to determine crowdsourcing characteristics and elements of engagement from the activities. Interestingly, the pupils showed evidence of engagement when faced by unexpected problems in their groups. They also expressed strong engagement when the autonomy was given to them in deciding the contents and flow of the activities, which was evidence in the process of completing the tasks. This implicates emerging recommendations in engaging young learners via crowdsourcing techniques and gamification to foster interest in learning the language for STEM.

Asre Ali Alramamna   and Raed Ahmad Alkriemeen   

The study aimed to find out the extent to which students at the University of Jordan possess life skills and methods of employing them in stressful life situations. The study sample consisted of (1898) randomly chosen male and female students in the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020. The study adopted two scales to measure life skills and stressful life situations. The results showed that the level of stressful life situations was to a high extent, the most common of which are social situations. And students possess a moderate level of life skills, the most used of which are communication skills with others, and there are no differences in the level of life skills. It is attributed to the variable of gender, the academic year, and the existence of differences in the level of life skills attributed to the variable of the college in favor of human faculties. In addition, there was statistically significant differences in the degree of stressful life situations attributed to the variable of gender in favor of males, and to the variable of college in favor of human faculties, and the absence of statistically significant differences in the degree of stressful life situations referred to the academic level, and the presence of a positive correlation between the life skills, and their utilization in stressful life situations. The study recommends developing the skills of university students and upgrading them by encouraging students to develop their mental, social and emotional skills.

Sael Flores-Velazquez   Carlos R. Jaimez-González   and Betzabet García-Mendoza   

This paper presents a mobile application that supports the learning process of mathematics for fifth grade students, which specifically focuses on the practice of fractions through a series of different games, such as determining if a fraction is less, greater or equals to another fraction; distributing a pizza in fractions; weighing fractions of watermelons; making equivalent fractions; among others. A comparative analysis of existing mobile applications is provided, which is based on some relevant features, such as the types of operations included, the game modes supported, the interactivity of games, the support for two players in the games, the orientation of the games to fractions, the cost of use, the possibility to drag and drop elements in the games of the mobile application, the orientation to fifth grade students, among others. Given that information and communication technologies and ludic are two elements that can provide benefits when incorporated into the teaching and learning processes, this paper also examines different studies that review the impact of mobile devices for designing effective learning experiences in the field of mathematics, the difference between traditional teaching training and the use of electronic devices, and the use of ludic as a component that could benefit the teaching and learning processes through games or entertainment activities.

Elballah A. Khaled   

Interests, abilities, and values may play central roles in the career decision-making of gifted adolescents, so an examination of the career decisions is very important. This research aims to examine the relationship between coping strategies of difficulties in decision-making, the decision-making difficulties, and psychological resilience of the gifted, and determine the differences between male and female in these variables. The total participants in this study were 80 students from secondary school who responded to the coping strategies of difficulties in career decision-making scale, and the decision making difficulties scale, and the psychological resilience scale for the gifted by the researcher. This study used the Pearson's correlation to determine the relationship between the variables, and T.test to determine the differences according to the gender. The results showed that there is statistically significant correlation between coping strategies of difficulties in career decision-making, and decision making difficulties (r=0.631), and psychological resilience (r=0.679). In addition, there are significant differences in coping strategies of career decision-making in the depending on others, withdrawal, and indecisiveness in favor of females, and in vigilance, impulsiveness, and procrastination in favor of males. There are significant differences in psychological resilience in favor of males in this study. Based on the finding of this study it can contribute to the improvement of the secondary school counselling programs about positive career decision-making strategies. In summary, the findings suggest that high level of psychological resilience can contribute to coping career decision-making difficulties, such as impulsiveness, and procrastination, especially with gifted adolescents.

Slamet Slamet   Maria Agustiningrum   R. Soelistijanto   Dwi Asih Kumala Handayani   Eko Heri Widiastuti   and Banun Sri Hakasi   

Multicultural education is also interpreted as a social policy based on the principles of preservation of culture and mutual reverence between all cultural groups in a society. Basically, multicultural education is a national education program that multicultural community can participate in creating a democracy that is ideal for the nation. The study design was research and development while adapted the design of the models by McKenny. The research procedure was based on 10 drafts from Borg and Gall, which then were modified into 3 phases, namely: 1) Preliminary studies conducted at schools in Central Java-Indonesia; 2) development of multicultural learning designs a design development; and 3) testing the feasibility of multicultural learning products. The findings of this study state that the implementation of multicultural education can be carried out through curriculum at every level of education, student program and habituation in the daily learning process both in the school and family environment. The insertion of multicultural education can be carried out through planting the values of multiculturalism into the curriculum or learning activities which are responsive to promote respect for diversity: racial, ethnic, cultural, religious, and territorial between citizens and more importantly, the discourse of value of local wisdom education can be implemented within the scope of a family as the smallest social institution.

Dwi Asih Kumala Handayani   Sri Sayekti   Sri Redjeki   Elfi Rimayati   Lili Marliyah   and Maria Agustiningrum   

Discipline is essential and must-have for every student. Discipline helps students form attitudes and behaviors and will lead students successfully in learning and at work later. Leadership is a behavior or way chosen and used in influencing the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors of members of the organization. Objective: to know how to develop leadership attitudes and discipline attitudes in the implementation of school organizations. Know the role of school organizations in shaping leadership attitudes and discipline attitudes. Methods: interactive discussions, training methods or games/ simulations, and tests. Pre-test and post-test results show that students have a high leadership attitude, as well as having a reasonably good discipline attitude. Pre-test and post-test were conducted to prove that the training provided can improve students' attitude of leadership and discipline attitude. The results of the paired t-test proved that leadership attitudes do not directly affect students' discipline attitudes. The increase in variable value is the result of training. The critical thing that researchers get from this study is that leadership attitudes are inversely proportional to disciplinary attitudes. Conclusion: School organizations in shaping leadership attitudes and discipline attitudes have a very high role. The development of leadership attitudes and disciplinary attitudes to school organization organizers is carried out through training, as well as other activities that support leadership attitudes and discipline attitudes.

Alaa Aladini   and Mahmoud Jalambo   

The current study aimed at exploring the impact of a proposed programme grounded on CLIL and drama on developing 9th graders' English speaking skills and their self-efficacy. The samples of the study were two ninth-grade classes who were chosen randomly from El-Mamounia preparatory girls' school A for Palestinian Refugees in Gaza city. Each class has (34) students. One class was considered as an experimental group and the other as a control group. For the purpose of the study, the researchers used two main tools: (1) a pre-post speaking test, and (2) a students' self-efficacy scale. The findings revealed that the suggested program based on CLIL and drama was effective in improving 9th graders' speaking skills and their self-efficacy. The results showed that the students after they were exposed to the suggested programme, can speak more fluently, accurately, and confidently in English. It became clear that dramatizing the CLIL facilitates understanding the content as it is greatly connected to the learners' life that helps them interact effectively with different situations. The suggested program based on CLIL and drama showed improvement in the students' speaking skills. This may be attributed to different reasons: students were motivated to participate during the implementation of the program as it was interesting to present the lesson in a dramatized way. In light of these findings, the researchers recommend EFL Palestinian teachers to dramatize the CLIL as a means of improving learners’ speaking skills and their self-efficacy to learn English and educational drama.

Ekaterina Andreevna Baranova   Dina Nikolaevna Rubtsova   Nataliya Mikhailovna Rumyantseva   Yulia Alexandrovna Voropaeva   and Anna Alexsandrovna Semanina   

The study is devoted to the consideration of the possibilities of taking cognitive styles into account when teaching a foreign language to representatives of different cultures. In modern foreign teaching practice, the cognitive style is a fundamental variable of individual differences in the degree of mastery of the material, as well as in the degree of adequate understanding of the teacher's explanations. The study aims to analyze the process of the cognitive functioning of an individual in connection with their behavior and subsequent changes in a certain situation and identify cognitive styles that are directly related to the expression of individual character traits and their relationship with all human properties. As the main method, the authors of the work use an integrated approach that combines the method of psychological observation, cognitive-centered and educational-centered, the questionnaire method, and other empirical methods, using appropriate models and necessary research tools. The results of the study based on the experiment carried out by the authors among foreign students reveal a set of basic cognitive styles with clearly defined characteristics. Knowledge of this system will allow teachers to increase the effectiveness of the learning process and show the most effective methods for introducing and presenting new material in the classroom. The cognitive style allows students from different cultures to be classified according to their preferred way of receiving information (perception or intuitive perception) and their preferred way of processing information and then making decisions (thinking or feeling).

Choudhary Zahid Javid   Naif Saad Althobaiti   and Eidah Abdullah Al-Malki   

This survey reports results and findings related to the perceptions of English language teachers from Gulf universities pertaining to the impact of effective online strategies practiced during corona pandemic. A validated self-developed 5-point survey instrument has been used to collect data for this comparative investigation. The instrument was pilot tested after determining its content validity and reliability. Cronbach alpha (α) reliability test was run to determine reliability. The final version of the questionnaire consisting of 51 items was generalized and uploaded on Google forms to record the participants' responses. One hundred forty-four responses were recorded including 94 (n = 94) from Saudi universities and fifty (n = 50) from other Gulf countries including UAE, Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait. The participants of the study have seen eye to eye with each other in majority of questionnaire items and ranked 'asking comprehension questions', teacher-student interaction' and 'teachers' oral feedback' as the most preferred teaching strategies in enhancing content understanding, students' motivation, mutual interaction, teacher-student rapport and active engagement in learning. The findings have also revealed that lecturing, written assignments, individual projects have been perceived least effective teaching strategies in producing positive results during online teaching. Among the most important pedagogical skills needed to deliver successful online courses, 'communication skills' and 'patience' have been perceived the most effective. The remaining skills have also been assigned high mean values indicating their positive role in online teaching. Results generated by independent-samples T-test have accepted 6 null hypotheses and rejected one hypothesis. Findings and recommendations have been presented based on the results of this survey.

Santhra Segaran Balan   Sitell Maya   Azrina Zainal Abidin   Muhammad Fuad   Fezah Othman   and Hasnah Bahari   

Usage of 3D model in medical education is very important in this era as part of 21st century teaching method. Application of 3D printing model in medical education helps to improve student spatial visualization skill and also will increase their interest in difficult topic or subject specifically in the science-based issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using a 3D rat model for teaching blood withdrawal techniques among undergraduate students. Workshop of usage of 3D model rat was conducted among all students. Students were exposure to classical teaching method of blood withdrawal and follow by workshop using 3D rat model. A set of questionnaire was given to students before and after usage of 3D- printed rat model. Data collected used a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, pre and post- test question and assessment towards 3D models. A total of 117 participants were tested. 3D-printed rat model was used as part of the paired sample t-test. The result supported the hypothesis that the 3D- printed rat model in teaching blood withdrawal techniques is more effective compared to the using classical teaching method in the classroom (p<0.05). Study also showed that students satisfy with usage of 3D model for teaching blood withdrawal techniques. This study further demonstrated the 3D print rat model is beneficial for interactive education and enriching student learning capacity.

Firman   Arifin Ahmad   and Anshari   

Teaching materials development in Islamic universities is oriented to the concept of scientific integration which is expected to contribute positively to the development and study of Islam. This study aims to develop valid, practical and effective Indonesian language teaching materials at the Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palopo. This research is a research and development (Research and Development) using the Borg & Gall model involving 117 students, 6 Indonesian lecturers, and 2 Indonesian language learning experts[1]. The research instrument is questionnaire validation of teaching materials which included aspects of material, presentation, graphic and language, observation sheet of practicality of teaching materials, and student achievement test. This study produced a textbook with the title "Indonesian Language for Islamic Universities". This book was developed based on the needs of students and lecturers at IAIN Palopo. Based on the analysis results, the validity of this textbook is in the category of very valid. The quality of this textbook is equivalent to the results of the learning implementation. The response of students and lecturers, observations of the implementation of learning and student learning outcomes showed positive results. This is supported by quantitative data obtained from the results of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.

Ali Ata Alkhaldi  and Hanane Benali Taouis  

Despite potential barriers to developing creativity in English language teaching, developing the creativity of learners has many benefits for learning the language and for developing broader learning objectives, values and attitudes (Read, 2015). Second language theories are directly or indirectly embedded in the activities of the textbooks. However, textbooks do not encourage deep creative thinking skills (Alkhaldi & Oshchepkova, 2018). Therefore, this paper critically analyses the creative use of second language theories in an interactive learning environment based on the related literature in an attempt to foster creativity and achieve durable language learning. It enumerates the major components of successful language learning as well-designed textbooks, effective teachers, and active learners. Language theories and activities are useless if the aforementioned major components are not used together in a creative way. Furthermore, the researchers have critically analyzed other variables in this study such as learning styles, motivation, teaching and learning approach, creativity, and creative classroom interaction. This study recommends that textbook writers should include interesting activities that represent effective language theories, Foreign Language (FL) teachers should have professional development training on how to adapt and teach the language activities professionally, and the learners should be initiative and creative to master the language autonomously.

Moch Yusuf Efendi   Tommy Tanu Wijaya   Herliana   Mahmud Alpusari   and Neni Hermita   

This study aims to identify students' mental models on each energy concept. Descriptive quantitative methods were used to get an overview of students' mental models related to the concept of energy. The sample of this study was grade IV students at SD Muhammadiyah 6 Pekanbaru. The instrument used to collect data was a conceptual understanding level test consisting of three question sections asking for answers in explanations and depictions. Students' mental models related to each energy concept reached the three categories of mental models determined: Scientific, Synthetic, and Initials. The mental model of students in the Scientific category is 5.77% in the energy concept of changing energy forms, the lowest Synthetic category is 11.1% in the concept of energy benefits, and the highest Initials category is 88.46% in the concept of energy utilization in daily life. These results indicate that students understand the concept of energy based on daily experiences without using appropriate concepts. Students have not built on the knowledge gained during the learning process, and their answers are not correctly coherent.

Eva Eri Dia   Suyono   Widodo HS.   and Sunaryo HS.   

Rhetoric patterns in class discussions are described according to the following categories: (1) reasoning patterns in class discussions, and (2) argument patterns in class discussions. Reasoning patterns in class discussion have types of reasoning in the form of inductive reasoning patterns, deductive reasoning patterns, and mixed reasoning patterns. The argument pattern in class discussion is divided into argument patterns in the form of Top Down, and reasoning patterns in the form of Bottom Up. The purpose of this study was to provide additional insight into how to use rhetoric in the learning process in the form of class discussions and question-and-answer lectures by reviewing reasoning patterns and arguing patterns. The method used was descriptive qualitative with the researcher as the key instrument. The results of the research found that there was a pattern of reasoning that had six elements, namely data, stance, basic truth, support, modality, and rebuttal, which contained full, half rhetorical patterns and a little rhetoric, while the argumentation patterns found patterns of top dawn and bottom up. There is a benefit to students in which this study provides knowledge in conveying ideas, it is necessary to pay attention to vocabulary mastery (diction) and the suitability of the topic of conversation in order to have factual compatibility.

Heru Totok Tri Wahono   J. G. Nirbito   Hari Wahyono   and Sunaryanto   

Quality human resources will certainly have a big role in efforts to build the country. One of the ways to improve human resources is to improve quality education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover: (1) the effect of self-efficacy on learning achievement of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship subjects at SMKN 1 Trowulan Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia, (2) the effect of self-efficacy and school environment on learning achievement of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship at SMKN 1 Trowulan Mojokerto, East Java Indonesia, this study was a quantitative research with a correlational approach, which data collection techniques used documentation with a questionnaire instrument. The data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression techniques with the help of the SPSS 20 application. Multiple linear regression techniques included the F test and the T test. The results of this study indicated that it had a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and the school environment with student achievement in creative products and entrepreneurship at SMKN 1 Trowulan Mojokerto Indonesia, this was evidenced by the results of testing the significance of multiple linear regression which showed the value of sig. <0.05. If students have a high level of self-efficacy and the state of the school environment, the learning achievement of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship students of SMKN 1 Trowulan is high, and vice versa. The contribution of the self-efficacy variable and the school environment on the learning achievement variable of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship for students of SMKN 1 Trowulan was 44.7%.

Sungwon Kim   

The purpose of this study is to examine the support provided by childcare-related educational/administrative organizations and child care centers vis-à-vis COVID-19. Data were collected through the websites of childcare-related professional organizations' and interviews with the directors or vice-directors of each childcare center. The targets that childcare-related organizations' support include young children, the parents, teachers, and childcare centers. The types of support provided by the organizations range from financial, emotional, and administrative in nature to those that involve program development and teacher training. Efforts from childcare centers include online video classes, sending activity plans and materials to families, and giving feedback on photos and videos of activities accomplished at home. In addition, special activities in childcare centers that were only possible and meaningful during the COVID-19 period, like conducting small-group activities, teaching about COVID-19, and practicing "Good Consumption" were also examined. It is encouraging that child care-related specialized institutions supported young children, their families, and childcare centers by making various attempts, and that childcare centers develop and implement programs suitable for their philosophy and size. It is expected that implementing more educational and meaningful practices in early childhood education institutions at the time of COVID-19 based on these results.

Nuryadi   Ahmad Fithriadhy   Dafid Slamet Setiana   Zona Asha Tigara   and Melania Eva Wulanningtyas   

The development of creative thinking ability was one of the focuses in learning mathematics. Creative thinking is one of the skills needed in a society, so it is necessary to develop these skills as early as possible. This research aims to describe the effectiveness of learning circle assisted by Geogebra software reviewed from creative thinking and visual thinking ability of Junior High School students. This research was a quasi-experimental research using pretest-posttest control group design. The population was all grade VIII student of One State Sedayu Junior High School. Sample of this research was selected by purposive sampling technique. Two classes from eight classes were selected. The experimental class was VIII F and the control class was VIII G. The experimental class was taught by using Geogebra software while the control class is by using the conventional one. The instruments used on this research were creative thinking test and visual thinking ability test. The result of this research showed that learning circle assisted by Geogebra software is more effective than conventional method for improving creative thinking and visual thinking ability.

Mohamed Merouane El Hammoumi   and Safaa El Youssfi   

Distance learning is developing at high speed in Morocco as well as in the rest of the world. With the inability to move from home due to the COVID 19 outbreak, it may seem obvious that it represents a solution and a good way to develop skills and knowledge and to guarantee academic continuity. As we live now in a society with constant social and cultural change, information and communication technologies have been contributing towards the construction of a new kind of society- the information society, where students need to be equipped with skills to do research, analyse and select knowledge from different paths and digital resources [1]. So, the purpose of this study is to find out about Moroccan university students' attitudes towards ENS Classroom platform which they have been using during quarantine and how they are discovering distance learning for the first time. The study revealed that although the platform has truly enabled them to overcome the distance that separates students from the university, a set of challenges appeared during their e-learning courses and hindered the best understanding and retention of the course content. The results are significant since they show how unsatisfied ENS students are towards their distance learning experience. The study also suggests a set of recommendations to cater for better academic outcomes.

Lili Marliyah   Della Arny Novera   Dwi Asih Kumala Handayani   Fuad Abdillah   and Kasidi Kasidi   

Procrastination is related to academic achievement, student health, and emotional well-being in which academic procrastination represents an irrational delay. This behavior is often considered dangerous and even described as an endemic phenomenon. This study aimed to examine theories and case studies on the relationship between academic procrastination and self-control in entrepreneurship education. The subjects were students of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang majoring in Natural Sciences who acquired entrepreneurship education. The data were gathered through a simple random sampling technique using a questionnaire. The results showed that self-control had a negative relationship with academic procrastination. The level of academic procrastination of class XI Science SMA N 3 Semarang on entrepreneurship education was in the medium category of 54.3%. The self-control of class XI Science SMA N 3 Semarang in the entrepreneurship education was at a high level as indicated by the average percentage of all indicators of 64%. Entrepreneurship education that prioritizes optimal self-control and reduces academic procrastination is expected to create better quality human resources.

Kasiyati  Jon Efendi  and Grahita Kusumastuti  

The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of education support for independence of students with special needs in their everyday lives. The research used mix method approach with conducting a Focus Group Discussion with seventeen special school teachers and observed twenty students with special needs from seventeen special schools. These teachers were asked questions about their experiences in teaching activity daily living programs for student with special needs, that is whether the aspects of activity daily living taught to each child are the same or different, whether the curriculum that has been prepared has answered student's problems or not, and what challenges the teachers face when teaching activity daily living for student with special needs. These four issues are discussed from the perspective of a special teacher who teaches students who have various needs, such as student with intellectual disabilities, student with autism, and students with others needs. Students with special needs were observed to know their independence in daily living activity before and after supported by activity daily living education program. The results of the discussion are then documented, reduced and concluded so that an educational service perspective can be obtained which is able to increase the independence of student with special needs. Data collected from observing the students also analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that independece of students with special needs improved after teacher implemented daily living program. Furthermore, although every student with special needs has different ways in increasing their independence, there are aspects of independence that are the same in every student that can be improved so that it is useful in their future lives.

Supriyatin  Nailul Rahmi Aulya  Ilmi Zajuli Ichsan  Md. Mehadi Rahman  and Paulo Weslem Portal Gomes  

Biology learning, especially the topic of plant physiology, requires Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This ability needs to be improved with HOTS-based teaching materials. The teaching materials, however, have not been developed, especially those in plant physiology topic. Students’ HOTS in biology learning still requires an improvement as HOTS is important for the 21st century. One alternative that can be developed is teaching materials in the form of an E-Supplement Book Based on Plant Physiology Research (ESPPRe). The purpose of this study was to measure students’ HOTS related to the concept of plant physiology as the basis for developing ESPPRe. The method used was descriptive using a survey technique. The instrument used in this study amounted to 10 items distributed using Google form. The results indicated that the scores were categorized as low for all students (40.81) with male students (41.39) and female students (40.74). This suggested that the HOTS score still needs to be improved and it is necessary to develop ESPPRe in further research. The content on the ESPPRe media that must be developed is related to activities to analyze and criticize problems that have been presented in ESPPRe. Next, students are expected to be able to create solutions and ideas related to these problems. The development of various learning media will make students happier in learning. This is because HOTS-based learning implementation will be varied. This study concludes that the HOTS score is still in the low category and the ESPPRe can be developed in subsequent studies. Suggestion from this research is to be able to implement the book to improve students' abilities to solve problems.

Josephine Luz S. de Leon-Pineda  

The presence of web-based learning platforms advances instructional strategies that support the development of students’ thinking skills. The study was conducted to stimulate the reflective thinking skills of the students with the aid of web-based learning platform particularly Edmodo. This study aims to cultivate the instructor’s own abilities to develop and implement activities promoting reflective thinking among pre-service teachers and describe the experience of reflection-integrated activities in a web –based learning platform among students. The research employed an action research design. The 24 pre-service teachers (PSTs) who were taking a course handled by the researcher were the respondents of the study. Course materials were given to the students who were required to submit their answers to questions posted in Edmodo. Quantitative data shows that the reflective thinking skills of the PSTs were described as ‘Reflective.’ Qualitative data validated the quantitative results that the activities given to the respondents fostered the reflective thinking of the PSTs. Constant follow-up, considerable time and immediate feedback are essential in tasks using web-based learning platform. The use of a web-based learning platform can be an avenue to promote reflective thinking among students through proper planning, implementation and evaluation of course.

Moh. Fathur Rohman  Moch. Asmawi  and Yusmawati  

One of the human abilities that is needed in the future is to be sensitive to the environment. With this sensitivity, it will make someone wiser in determining attitudes at this time with consideration of the future. This study aims to analyze the learning environment at the university as a place for someone to prepare for the future whether it includes aspects of future problem solving. Data were collected by survey method. The subjects of this study were lecturers and students in the physical education learning subject with total subject of 6 universities, 12 lecturer and 240 students. The instrument used to carry out the analysis was developed based on five indicators that specifically emphasize the future problem solving process in the classroom, 1) Creating an Environment of Respect and Rapport, 2) Establishing a Culture for Learning to Encourage Student Engagement and Responsibility, 3) Managing Classroom Procedures, 4) Encouraging Appropriate Student Behavior, 5) Organizing the Physical Environment. The results of the observation of the implementation of learning show that the learning environment has been well managed, the five components of the learning environment have been implemented, but the integration of future problem solving components has not been found in the learning environment, student involvement in the second indicator has not been optimally carried out, this is reflected in student activities in which they are mostly receptors. The results of the analysis of the learning device documentation used by the lecturers have used a scientific approach, but not even one has used a future problem solving approach. Lecturers and students are very interested in developing future problem solving learning models.

Ira Mahartika  Neti Afrianis  Heppy Okmarisa  Niki Dian Permana Putra  Diniya  Aldeva Ilhami  and Neni Hermita  

An in-depth knowledge of the periodic table is one of the most fundamental keys to understand the basic principles of chemistry. Memorizing and understanding the systemic chemical elements is one optional strategy to study the position of each element in the periodic table. However, memorization strategies are generally tricky for students and are not “long term memory”. Therefore, it is necessary to have alternative learning that can help understand chemical elements with “long term memory.” In this case, the researchers present a modification of the UNO card game called “Chemuno” with the advantages of combining a chemistry triangle approach that implemented chemicals in daily life. Such formulated game is carried out to kindly understand elements of the periodic table and recognize the groups and periods of each element. The development of the current research uses the 4D model with restrictions on the development stage. The game “Chemuno-based Chemistry Triangle” is thereby declared valid with a percentage of 92.5% and practically with a percentage of 96.86%. The use of such game is limited to schools used as trial sites yet it can be used in other schools with the similar students’ characteristics.

Fawzia Reza  

This qualitative study, conducted on 10 parents, with at least one child attending a K-8 classrooms, examines the experiences of immigrant parents as they raise their children in the United States. Participants selected were asked to identify which parenting strategy within Baumrind’s discipline topology they most closely associate with. The study also examines the differences between how participants were raised in their home country, against how they raise their own children in the United States. The qualitative research design, and specifically a phenomenological inquiry, was considered appropriate because it allowed the researcher to capture participants’ voices, thereby challenging normative, taken-for granted views on the topic of discipline techniques used by immigrant parents. Analysis of the responses demonstrates that immigrant parents proactively change their parenting style to comply with cultural norms of their new homeland. Understanding how discipline strategies of immigrant parents evolve will help them become more aware of their disciplining techniques and how these affect the social and emotional development of their children. The results will also assist educators and administrators to develop greater awareness of parenting styles of new immigrants and formulate policies to communicate more effectively with these parents. Further studies that compare the experiences of immigrant parents raising their children in the United States with other countries will be necessary to develop generalized recommendations and better understand how immigrant parents navigate child-rearing practices in these countries.

Natalia Mospan  and Valentyna Slipchuk  

The study explores higher medical education transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and Ukraine. It also highlights the current trends – coronavirus quarantine and digitalization of medical education. The article also aims to study international medical students’ needs and perspectives on the eve of quarantine and their attitude to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. The research is based on surveys of first-year international medical students, chosen at random. It allowed students to provide feedback on their country of origin, satisfaction, ways of financing the study, and future career plans, as well as their attitude to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative data analysis lets advocate that coronavirus has determined a deep transformation in higher medical education and affected international medical student population. First, coronavirus has changed the role of medical students and internship. Second, it has fastened transition from traditional to digitally-based education and brought distance learning and exams worldwide. On the eve of the quarantine, Ukraine is becoming a host country for international students primarily from Asia and Africa. Among the reasons for international students’ choice of Ukraine as a place for study are their country preference, high-quality education, friends’ advice and geographical location. The international medical students consider Ukraine not only as a high-quality medical education provider but as the perspective country for postgraduate employment. Besides, the majority of first-year international medical students find remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic supporting, effective but tiring. The research creates a paradigm for future studies of the international medical students’ phenomenon.

Ayanda Pamella Deliwe  

The term e-learning was introduced in the 1990s with the emergence of new technology-based education where information was transferred via the internet. Most Universities have incorporated e-learning to enhance teaching and learning. This enhancement came with several challenges in developing countries. E-learning has been viewed as a positive initiative in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as it is said to improve opportunities for critical thinking, develop better problem-solving abilities and assist in the improvement of productivity and efficiency of employees. In other words, e-learning is one of the forms of building capacity as the advantages are not only limited to HEIs they go beyond the workplace as well. It is for this reason that researchers need to engage in continuous research on how to improve e-learning so it can be beneficial to universities. This article seeks to understand the Learner Management System (LMS) MOODLE use in enhancing teaching and learning. There are four research questions which the study seeks to address. In addressing the research questions a mixed-method approach was used where six participants at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal were interviewed on one-on-one interviews and 501 questionnaires were collected from student participants. The results revealed that one of the main reasons why MOODLE was chosen as a LMS is that it is a free open system. Moreover, participants highlighted that the use of MOODLE is limited at the university as it is mostly used for uploading notes. Based on the information gathered from participants and literature some recommendations were given on how universities can utilise MOODLE to its best capacity.

Nur Hafizah Yusoff  Geraldine K. L. Chan  and Nurul Atikah Zulkepli  

The objective of this article is to evaluate the knowledge and sources of knowledge of academic integrity and the types of academic integrity breach among university students in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was used to obtain the data. A set of questionnaires was distributed to students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). A total of 1000 respondents were selected to answer the questionnaires. The data are presented in descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage. Based on the findings, there are different levels of knowledge of academic integrity. Besides, it also revealed that the respondents knew about academic integrity issues such as plagiarism and cheating. Sources of knowledge on academic integrity are family, friends, technology, and mass media. The findings conclude that students need to empower their academic integrity, strengthen their code of conduct so that they know that breach of academic integrity is wrong and should not be performed. If such actions are performed by them, they should know the negative consequences of that violation. Their behaviors could be more serious when they later finish their study and pursue their own career path.

Yu Hong  and Arnida Abdullah  

Novice lecturers or also known as neophyte lecturers are an important part of higher education institutions, and the early stages of the career among novice lecturers involve the process of adapting to the new role of educators. They need to overcome different challenges and participate in occupational adaptation. The purpose of this study is to explore the occupational adaptation process among novice lecturers in order to promote their career development. The goal is also to provide useful references for the university management to support novice lecturers in making a successful start in order to grow into professional educators. Using qualitative research method, this study engages case study approach to investigate occupational adaptation process through in-depth interviews of two novice lecturers in a public university in China. By analyzing their emotional and behavioral changes in the process of occupational adaptation, findings indicate that the occupational adaptation process of novice lecturers can be subdivided into three stages; namely 1) initial period, 2) transition period, and 3) adaptation period. The transition and division between each period reveal marked changes mainly in psychological, emotional, and behavioral adjustments. Helping novice lecturers understand the characteristics of the three periods may assist them to adapt to their jobs as soon as possible and accomplish greater success in their careers.

Arthur A. Maksaev  

All service sectors need marketing support, though there are specific economic activities which require the development of targeted measures. Among such activities is higher education which specifics lies in the dual nature of its value to society especially for regions significantly distanced from the developed capital. The article discusses the functioning specifics of the higher education system for a group of territories in terms of their attractiveness and competitiveness in the market of educational services. As objects of the study, we selected the regions that vary in the level of demand for educational services and the popular higher education programmes (the Krasnodar region, the Moscow region, Moscow city). The main objective of the study is to identify the peculiarities of marketing policy implementation in the universities from the different territories to draw the attention of service customers. The relevance of the topic is determined by the increasing regional disparities in the market distribution of higher education services against the background of a general decline in the target audience of consumers. We apply content analysis of key queries across the analyzed regions as the main analytical instrument. As a result, this information formed the basis for identifying the directions of the requests and their inclusion in the priority objects of university marketing policies.

Fakher Khalili  Saida Affouneh  Ashraf Sayegh  Ali Zuhdi Shaqour  and Muna Shaath  

The purposes of this research are to evaluate virtues and strengths included in the new Palestinian textbooks and to assess the acquisitions of these virtues and strengths among the lower elementary students from their teachers' perspectives. The study benefited from the Positive Psychology framework to capture and assess those virtues and strengths either in the new Palestinian textbooks or among the students. To achieve the two previous objectives, two methodologies were utilized, a content analysis and an online survey. In the content analysis method; 82 study textbooks units were selected and analyzed. In the quantitative method, 351 teachers were selected. The results showed that the most frequently mentioned virtues were wisdom and justice, with the least mentioned being temperance and transcendence. The results also revealed that teachers highly assessed the acquisition of virtues and strengths among students. Teachers' demographic factors had impacts on assessing the acquisitions of the virtues and strengths among students. It is concluded that there is a clear imbalance in the distributions of both virtues and strengths. Therefore, the Palestinian school textbooks developers should consider including more of the positive psychology virtues and strengths such as virtues of temperance and transcendence.

Muhammad Ilyas  Ma'rufi  Fitriani  and Agustan Syamsuddin  

This study investigated the effectiveness of integrating emotional intelligence into cooperative mathematics learning. This research paper is a pre-experiment using a one-shot case study design where there are no pretest and control groups in collecting data. 20 tenth-grade students from the class of MIA 1 were the participants of the study during the academic year of 2018/2019. Research instruments used to collect data were questionnaires of emotional intelligence and students' response related to emotional intelligence-integrated cooperative learning, an observation sheet of students' activity when emotional intelligence-integrated cooperative learning was applied in the learning process and a test of students' mathematics learning outcomes. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed by employing descriptive statistics analysis. Findings of the study revealed that: (1) all aspect of students' activity satisfies the criteria of ideal time where the activeness of students appear in the activity of readiness to receive explanations related to subject matter, activeness in discussions both in groups and in the class, the activeness of students in answering teachers' questions and solving mathematics problem; (2) students' response is in the positive category with the average score of 78,80 where students find it easy to understand the teaching material and are motivated to take part in the learning process because students feel challenged by solving math problems that are trained when the learning process takes place; (3) the average of students' mathematics learning outcome with the score of 78,67 passed the minimum standard of 75; and (4) 85% students had a score which was more than the minimum passing criteria. From the 4 aspects described, it can be argued that cooperative-based mathematics learning by integrating students' emotional intelligence can improve learning activities for both students and teachers and improve students' mathematics learning outcomes.

Geng Jingxin  and Abu Bakar Razali  

With the rapid development of educational technology, studies on automated writing evaluation (AWE) program have been gaining more ground in EFL writing education, particularly due to its potential in giving continuous, formative feedback on students' writing performance. However, little research has paid attention to the effectiveness of giving and receiving AWE feedback on improving EFL learners' writing performance from cognitive, constructive and sociocultural dimensions. By drawing on the Cognitive Constructivism theory, particularly the Cognitive process writing theory, and Sociocultural theory in particular the notion of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Scaffolding, this article reviews past studies done on the use of AWE programs in teaching English writing and this article also attempts to propose for an AWE program called Pigai to be embedded as a teaching paradigm for EFL teachers to apply in writing classes for Chinese EFL students in China in giving continuous and formative feedback to their students, in order to improve English writing teaching and positively affect EFL students' writing performance. At the end of the article, the authors also offer strategies of the implementation of the Pigai AWE program through a framework for Pigai to be used with EFL learners.

Natasha Ariffin  and Abu Bakar Razali  

Teaching reflection has been practiced through a variety of mediums, such as the use of teaching logs and diaries, blog sites, online forums and chat sites, and more recently social networking sites, like Facebook. However, the use of social networking websites, such as Facebook, has received little attention, even though a handful of studies have also reported on its many benefits for reflection of teaching practice. Therefore, this study explored the experiences of three trainee teachers from a teacher education institution in Selangor who were undertaking Diploma in Teaching (Teaching of English as a Second Language) on their use of Facebook group discussion platform to reflect on their teaching practices. This study adapted a qualitative approach which includes semi structured interview and document analysis of their Facebook group discussion platform in reflecting their teaching practicum experiences. Based on the findings, it was found that trainee teachers showed high interest in using Facebook in an academic setting. Due to certain features in Facebook that provided a systematic and structured organization of notifications, Facebook caters as a supportive virtual platform in promoting reflective practice as it provides moral support during teaching practicum session and it was able to create solidarity among them.

La Misu  and Mohamad Salam  

The purpose of this study was to produce a comparison of the metacognition profile of male and female mathematics students in interpreting the definite integral concept. This type of research is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach, so that the researcher carries out a thorough and in-depth examination (explores) the subject of what is taught, done, written, and said during the research activity. The subjects of this study were mathematics students who had studied integral calculus, consisting of 1 male and 1 female. The main data collection of this research was obtained by using interview techniques. In addition, there are supporting data which is the result of the answers of research subjects in interpreting the integral concept of course. This study uses qualitative data analysis, consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that male mathematics students can use metacognition knowledge (declarative, procedural, and conditional) and metacognition skills (planning, monitoring, and evaluation) in interpreting mathematical sentences into notation of definite integral concept. Meanwhile, female mathematics students are only able to use declarative and procedural knowledge, as well as planning and evaluation skills in interpreting mathematical sentences to notation of the definite integral concept. This study concluded that there are differences in the metacognition profile of male and female students in interpreting the definite integral concept.

Kehdinga George Fomunyam  

The quality of university graduates and research outputs in relation to the expectations of local employers of labour and the organisations that should commercialise research findings, are far from fulfilling the goals set by the educational system and Nigerian society as a whole. This paper examines the imperative for an urgent rethink on the curriculum of Nigerian higher institutions in order to keep pace with the needs of society. This study explores and highlights the need to deconstruct and reconstruct the curriculum to ensure it is tailored to reflect the specific needs of the country. The argument is that a shift away from the current curriculum system can improve the educational system and society as a whole. The focus is on the itinerant curriculum as an alternative that will steer the educational system in the right direction by adopting curriculums that align with and are tailored to suit the particular and inherent structure, system and needs of the Nigerian society. It explores the adoption of a mixed and more indigenous curriculum centered on the Nigerian situation, goals and objectives as opposed to the predominantly Eurocentric curriculum in practice in Nigerian institutions and across Africa. This study proposes that curriculum researchers adopt a contributory system where students and professionals have an input in designing course curriculums to reflect real life occupational situations and solutions.

Yogi Prihandoko  Rochmat Wahab  Insih Wilujeng  and Badrun Kartowagiran  

This research is a case study that seeks to reveal teachers' perceptions of portfolio assessment in primary schools in Indonesia. The research sample was 20 elementary school teachers in Central Java Province, Indonesia, representing senior teachers, master teachers, young teachers, and junior teachers. Data collection used depth interviews which were designed based on 10 powerful portfolio assessment principles. Qualitative data analysis was performed using interactive data analysis which included condensation data, display data, and conclusion. The results were showed that 6 of 10 principles of portfolio assessment were approved by the majority of teachers, while others were not. Two principles, namely the effectiveness of time and energy (principle 2) and portfolios as a new learning perspective (principle 8) are rejected by most teachers in Indonesia. The two other principles, namely the importance of teacher cooperation in portfolio assessment (principle 3) and the role of portfolio assessment as self-evaluation (principle 9) received low approval scores. The obstacles for the teacher to carry out the portfolio assessment are the problem of the length of time it takes, the large number of elementary school students in a class, and the teacher's low insight into portfolio assessment. Research recommendations are that the success of portfolio assessment will be achieved if it is carried out in a structured and sustainable manner; it is necessary to carry out training and monitoring of teacher performance to maximize assessment, learning and evaluation of learning; and the need to adapt the e-portfolio assessment for primary schools.

Thanh Van Thai  Thu Hung Phan  Ngoc Van Nguyen  and Binh Thi Le  

The implementation of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been enforced by many education systems across the world as a means of improving their foreign language education or strengthening multilingualism in their society. CLIL in the context of Vietnam has recently been promoted as a means of tackling the country's ineffective English language education and upholding its science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. This study was conducted to gather information on the teaching of mathematics in English in Vietnamese high schools. Data were collected from a survey and follow-up interviews at 42 high schools across the country. The survey involved 39 school administrators, 78 teachers, and 500 students who had direct experience with teaching and learning mathematics in English while the follow-up interviews were conducted with 14 school administrators and 35 teachers. Statistical analyses performed indicated that CLIL-practising schools in Vietnam performed rather satisfactorily in terms of assessing CLIL learning outcomes and using content and pedagogies appropriate for their CLIL objectives and their school context. CLIL mathematics activities were perceived to be less satisfactory than other CLIL teaching and learning aspects due to practical conditions that constrained the range and diversity of CLIL mathematics activities. Vietnamese schools reported tailoring their CLIL mathematics teaching and learning to suit their particular school settings, which could be seen appropriate at the current early stage of CLIL mathematics implementation in Vietnam. The heavy dependence on foreign-imported curriculum and textbooks, however, still posed challenges in creating meaningful learning outcomes for CLIL students in Vietnam.

Muhammad Hasan  Tuti Supatminingsih  Mustari  M. Ihsan Said Ahmad  Syamsu Rijal  and Muhammad Imam Ma’ruf  

Economic learning at the tertiary level, especially in the introductory economics course at the Faculty of Economics, is still limited to textbooks or foreign translations. They are structurally difficult for students to understand because they use case studies that do not follow local reality conditions in Indonesia, especially those which are related to data and economic phenomena. Therefore, we need a book that is interesting, innovative, concise, and easy to learn. This study focused on developing a handbook as learning media based on mind mapping on the introductory economics course and assessing the feasibility of the mind mapping-based learning media book for use in an introductory course to economics, primarily on necessary economic concept study contents. This research used Research and Development (R & D) model in developing a mind mapping-based economics pocketbook as learning media. The development of a mind mapping-based pocketbook will make students easier to study in the introductory economics course because the small pocketbook will make students easy to study anywhere and anytime. The development of the pocketbook product consisted of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Based on the validation conducted by the content experts and media experts on content and linguistic feasibility, the mind mapping-based pocketbook on the introductory economics course at the Faculty of Economics at Universitas Negeri Makassar was in a very feasible category. The product trial results showed that mind mapping based pocketbook was very viable in terms of content, linguistic, presentation, and graphic so that the pocketbook that has been tested was ready to be published.

Mo'en Salman Alnasraween  Nusaiba Ali Almousa  Jehad Ali Almomani  and Raeda Mofid Ammari  

The current study aimed at identifying the Psychometric Properties of attitudes scale towards electronic tests among graduate students, the researchers briefly explained various electronic test types used to asses students achievement. The study's significance lied in providing a valid and reliable scale, as well as demonstrating the appropriateness of electronic tests whether they meet the aims of distance education or not. Thus, universities can develop the tests' quality and improve them. The sample of the study consisted of (690) students (male and female) of the Amman Arab University. A scale of (56) items was built for the study. Different procedures were done to assure the validity of the scale such as Exploratory factor analysis, construct validity, and discriminatory validity, as for the reliability Cronbach's Alpha, Split Half, Standard Error of Estimate, and Hoyt equation were used. All these indications showed appropriate and reasonable results for the scale. The arithmetic means and standard deviations of students' attitudes towards electronic tests were calculated. The statistical results showed that the attitude scale has acceptable psychometric properties, as students had positive ones. It also showed statistical differences in students' attitudes attributed to gender in favour of female students due to their personal circumstances. However, there were no statistical differences found attributed to faculty or to the interaction between faculty and gender. The general results of this scale could encourage other researchers to implement it on various universities in different countries and to integrate technology with traditional teaching in their coming courses.

Nguyen Van Hiep  and Pham Ngoc Tram  

The innovation of university teaching methods is an objective requirement in improving the quality of higher education in Vietnam, in line with world development trends; meeting the requirements of the labor market in the context of deepening international innovation and integration. The university teaching method innovation not only aims to train successful individuals and responsible citizens but also make learners realize the benefits of learning so that they feel confident in understanding a wide range of issues and experiences in university or real life, regardless of any specialization. "Maximizing benefits" is an important argument of rational choice theory initiated in 1961 by the American sociologist George Homans (1910-1989). The rational choice theory states that people for the benefit of people will actively maximize their advantage in all situations, and try to minimize losses. So, each individual must calculate and consider making the most reasonable decision of his own. On the basis of providing an overview of the problem "Maximizing benefits" of the theory of reasonable choice, this article will apply this point of view to innovate university teaching methods in the context of Vietnam's deepening innovation and integration.

Nor Hafiza Othman  Norasmah Othman  and Noor Hasni Juhdi  

Entrepreneurial emotion is a new study that is evolving in entrepreneurship education. Emotions affect the capacity of a person to cope with ambiguity in making judgments and decisions. This study aims to examine whether there is a difference between entrepreneurial positive emotions and entrepreneurial negative emotions of both business and non-business students in higher learning institutions. This quantitative study involved 477 final year students in public universities, comprising 214 business students, and 243 non-business students. The results show the entrepreneurial positive emotions are different among business students and non-business students, while the entrepreneurial negative emotions are the opposite. The mean score for business students in entrepreneurial positive emotions was higher compared to non-business students. These findings reflect that the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills acquired through entrepreneurship education have enhanced their confidence and ability to organize or use their emotions more effectively in starting a business. Besides that, the results show the negative emotions of students in starting a business are not influenced by their study program. All students take into account their negative emotions in making an action to start a business. In addition, students who have entrepreneurial potential will use their emotions as much as possible in making a decision. Therefore, this study contributes to the knowledge of entrepreneurial emotions that involve positive and negative emotions among university students in entrepreneurship education.

Ha Van Hoang  

The purpose of the research is to study the cost difference in household expenditure on senior students' accessibility to higher education in Danang of Vietnam. This study implements a quantitative research design in a survey method using 788 questionnaires (including 394 12th grade students – seniors at high schools and 394 parents of these students) in Danang of Vietnam. Research results show that, factors such as location, income and education level of parents are correlated with the tuition costs for children accessibility to higher education. There is an inequality of household investment in relation to these factors. In which, families living in the city center with high income and education have higher education spending than those living in suburban and rural areas with income and low education levels, and vice versa. The results of a sociological study show that families with a parent whose average income is from VND 1.1 million to VND 3 million/month (equivalent to USD 55 to USD 150) must spend up to ½ of the total monthly income for their Twelfth-grade students. This research can be used for state management agencies, universities, families of student.

Renata Holubova  and Jana Slezáková  

The paper deals with the issue of early termination of university studies and summarizes the results of an international survey on the existence of bridging courses for high school graduates entering the 1st year of science studies. The introduction describes the current situation at universities and technical colleges, and points out a number of factors that cause early termination. Based on the analysis of student failures in the first year of undergraduate study of teacher training in science and mathematics, a research survey was conducted in the Czech Republic in cooperation with universities in Austria, Slovakia, Lithuania and Italy. The aim of the research was to describe and analyze the current state of the so-called bridging courses for students of natural sciences and to verify other possibilities of implementing these courses at participating universities. Within the survey, the method of qualitative research was used, and an induction procedure with the following phases was used: formulation of the research question, data collection, data evaluation and formulation of conclusions. In the end, the results of research at individual universities, including their analysis, are presented. At the same time, recommendations are given for the creation of further courses, namely in physics, chemistry and biology, which will be prepared within the international project ERASMUS + Bridge2Teach.

Tetiana Vakaliuk  Olha Osova  Dmytro Antoniuk  and Inesa Novitska  

The article analyzes the approaches to defining the essence of the concepts "readiness" and "future foreign language teachers' readiness for innovative activity in the context of smart education". The analysis of scientific sources made it possible to find out the specifics of the content nature of the concept under study and to provide our vision of the problem. The readiness of a foreign language teacher for innovative activity is defined as the ability to organize, realize, and regulate vocational and pedagogical activities. It is determined by many factors, among which the most important is the formation of educational, linguistic, and innovative competences. Its structure, which is represented by the motivational, cognitive, creative, reflexive, valeological, technological, and personal components, has been specified. They are based on the provisions on the criteria of teachers' readiness for innovative professional activity and the researchers' models of teacher training for innovation. Integrating the results of domestic and foreign scientists' researches on the specificity of the level-based approach to determining the levels of students innovative competence, and taking into account the experience of our work at a higher educational institution, allowed specifying three levels of formation of future foreign language teachers' readiness for innovative activity in the context of smart education and their characteristics. The theoretical methods used during the experimental study included analysis, synthesis, generalization, modeling, comparison, induction, deduction. The statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the non-parametric Pearson xi-square test.

Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud  Mohd Syazwan Zainal  Roslinda Rosli  and Siti Mistima Maat  

Dyscalculia is one of the less well-known learning problems in mathematics due to lack of exposure and study. Children with dyscalculia usually face arithmetic and symbolic number comparison issues, with about 3-6 percent of individuals affected. The lack of wide-ranging study and inconsistency in the condition's characterizations through studies have impeded progress in identifying the root causes of dyscalculia and how best to handle it. This problem can be more serious because it can prolong up to adulthood. Therefore, this paper will discuss the general aspects related to dyscalculia problems and their effects on children in their lives. This paper also explains the signs and symptoms that are needed to understand children who may have dyscalculia. Finally, this paper discusses what treatments or methods can be used significantly to help children improve their mastery and mathematical skills, including treatment for co-occurring issues. The implications are society should be aware of possible problems with their children related to dyscalculia and should always increase their initiative to use various methods to address the symptoms of dyscalculia, especially for children who also have other learning problems such as dyslexia and ADHD. Besides, increased knowledge of this distinction going forward, combined with longitudinal observational studies, provides tremendous potential to deepen our understanding of the condition and establish successful educational approaches.

Nor Hasbiah Ubaidullah  Zulkifley Mohamed  Jamilah Hamid  and Suliana Sulaiman  

Computational thinking skill is a new skill needed in twenty-first century learning. However, teaching practitioners have been struggling to find effective techniques to be used in the teaching and learning process that can help students to develop such a skill. Several studies have proposed a number of models to guide the teaching and learning process, but most lacked a focus on the improvement of computational thinking skill among students. As such, this study was carried out to identify and validate the elements and sub-elements of an assessment instrument prior to developing an effective teaching and learning model for enhancing students' computational thinking skill with the use of the Delphi technique, which was carried out through three rounds of implementation involving a panel of experts made up of five (5) academicians and two (2) industrial practitioners. Essentially, the proposed elements and sub-elements were derived from those based on the combination of the problem-solving techniques and metacognitive skills. After the completion of the three rounds of such technique, six (6) elements and 25 sub-elements of the assessment instrument were validated to be highly important, entailing them to be embedded in the proposed teaching and learning model for enhancing students' computational thinking skills. The use of Delphi technique in this study successfully identified and validated six (6) elements and 25 sub-elements of the teaching and learning model. This study contributes to the development of a model that can be used by teaching practitioners as a guide in their teaching and learning process for enhancing students' computational thinking.

Nizaruddin  St. Budi Waluyo  Rochmad  and Isnarto  

Translation among forms of representation defines as changing process one form of representation to other representations. Translation activities from one representation (source) to another (target) are very important in expressing mathematical ideas. In translating among representations, students are not only interact with the basic concepts contained in the information, but also they must be able to connect parts of these basic concepts with different things related to the intended representation. The purpose of this qualitative research is: 1) to analyze the tendency of mathematical representations to be used in solving mathematical problems given in verbal representations, and 2) to analyze the translational structure of the target representations made. The research subjects were 3^rd year students of Mathematics Education at Universitas PGRI Semarang. The research data were taken by means of tests and interviews immediately after solving the math problems given in the form of verbal representations. The results showed that the group students who were solving the verbal questions indicated that they tended to translate from the verbal representations to symbolic representations in presenting definitions and in proof. However, this symbolic representation still contained verbal representations such as in the source problems. The stages of representation in this research followed the translation stages: unpacking the source, preliminary coordination, constructing the target, but left for determinant of equivalence. High-ability group of students in solving the questions tend to translate from verbal representation to symbolic representation. Further, some of them translate verbal to visual representation to increase understanding. The translation stages are unpacking the source, preliminary coordination, constructing symbol representation, constructing visual representation, determining the equivalence of the visual representation to verbal representation, and determining the equivalence of the symbol representation form to verbal representation.

Yunina Surtiana  Andi Suhandi  KL Putri  Wawan Setiawan  Parsaoran Siahaan  Achmad Samsudin  and Bayram Costu  

In this research, the study of the effectiveness of virtual conceptual change laboratory (VCCLab) on reconstruction high school students' conception about parallel electrical circuit concept has been done. Misconception about parallel electrical circuit concept which was addressed in this study is the addition of identical branches to a parallel circuit will change the amount of electric current flowing in each existing branch circuit because the potential difference and resistance value in these parallel branches do not change. The VCCLab used in this research was the five-stage of lab activities oriented towards conceptual change developed by researchers. To support VCCLab activities, student worksheets and the necessary laboratory equipment have been developed. A pre-experiment method with one group pretest-posttest design was used. The research subjects were 36 high school students consisting of 18 female students and 18 male students chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected by conceptual test in the four-tier test format concerning parallel electrical circuit concept, which has previously been validated and tested for its reliability. The results of this study show that the number of male students, whose misconceptions can be remediated is 83,3%, while the number of female students, whose misconceptions 88,9%. These results indicate that: first, the use of VCCLab has a high effectiveness in remediating high school students' misconceptions about the concept of parallel electrical circuit; second, there is no gender bias from the use of VCCLab in the process of remediating physics misconceptions.

Anton Lebedev  Natalya Shamina  and Iuliia Pinkovetskaia  

At the moment, education systems around the world are taking measures to organize education in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In most countries many students are transferred to distance learning. Online education provides a wide range of opportunities and prospects for changing and improving educational systems, for which a critical situation creates forced conditions. The article analyzes the problems associated with the use of online learning. The methodological and theoretical foundation of the work is provided by a systematic approach, the concept of social conditioning of language education, the notion of continuous vocational training. When using online courses as a means of teaching a foreign language, we offer both special programs for teaching a language and checking knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, as well as modern authentic materials for teaching reading and listening. In the process of teaching a foreign language, students perform various types of work: they translate foreign texts and articles, make reports, practice creative project activities and prepare presentations. The priority goal of the article is to identify the advantages, vulnerabilities and risks of online learning. It is shown that mass character, the use of modern and interactive technologies belong to the strengths of online learning. However, the absence of direct contact between the teacher and the student does not allow implementing the competence approach in full measure.

Sigit Dwi Saputro  Tukiran  Zainul Arifin Imam Supardi  Neelur Rohmah  Ninik Setyawati  and Rizal Faozi  

Learning in principle is building one's reasoning process. Textbooks used as learning media for students are often helpless in training their thinking skills. One way to help students' reasoning process is critical thinking activities through reasoning tasks, aiming to achieve the learning objectives. The purpose of this study is to determine the cognitive achievement based on KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria), and the classical completeness of critical thinking through reasoning tasks in physics learning. This research is quantitative, with an ex post facto design method. The research was conducted at Islamic Senior High School (MAN) 1 Bangkalan from a population of 125 students, and then 33 of students were selected as samples. The research instruments used were questionnaire and cognitive achievement test. The result of the questionnaire about understanding the material concept with a percentage level of 80 % means that students have a very good understanding. The learning achievements of students' cognitive achievement are able to exceed the minimum completeness criteria, but unable to achieve classical completeness.

Lhassan Ouazza  and Jamila Bellamqaddam  

This article reports on the conclusions drawn from a study conducted on the relationship between the elements of the ICT trinomial, social status, and acquisition of sign language in an inclusive environment. Through this article, we have explored the educational inequalities that exist between deaf learners in terms of the use of technologies (computer and internet ...). These stem from their social status as a determining variable in academic success. The data were collected through a survey that reached 25 deaf learners from different backgrounds. In the case of deaf beginners, the use of ICT not only allows access to knowledge but also to the initial learning of sign language as a communication tool. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean, and test distributions. The results of the study confirmed significant differences between deaf learners and also the importance of the computer tool in the acquisition of sign language inside and outside the classroom. This contribution could be an important reference to understand how social inequalities influence educational inequalities by also confirming Bourdieu's theory.

Lisa Ariyanti Pohan  Julia Maulina  and Tuti Hardianti  

The teaching materials in this study were developed using a scientific approach in terms of the structure of their preparation and development. They were developed to direct students to active learning and improve their critical thinking. Critical thinking skills are highly needed to solve complex problems in various situations, including those that arise in the communication technology industry era. This study was designed as a research and development. The subjects of the study were 45 students of 7th grade, and the object was the students' critical thinking skills through the application of teaching materials based on a scientific approach. Teaching materials development was carried out through 1) needs analysis; 2) product design includes the formulation of learning objectives, writing teaching materials following the scientific approach, and deepening the content of the materials; 3) initial product assessment stage, and 4) application of teaching materials. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using an independent sample t-test. The results show that the teaching materials developed were feasible to use with a score of 4.28 in the very good category. Student responses to teaching materials based on a scientific approach were in the high response category. Based on testing with the independent sample t-test, the P-value obtained was 0.0437 <0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of scientific approach-based teaching materials has an effect on improving students' critical thinking skills.

Vinella Okonta  

This study traced the trend of demand and supply of university admission places in Delta State University for 2013/14 to 2017/18 academic sessions vis-à-vis the prevailing situation in Nigeria. It adopted the ex post facto design. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. Findings revealed a worrisome gap between the total numbers of applicants and admitted candidates per session and pointed out that 102,594 was the total number of applicants while 29,460 representing 28.72% was the total number of admitted candidates for the five (5) years under review. It equally shows Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy as faculties with the least numbers of admissions. The study recommended that stakeholders should think of ways and means of expanding the university's 'carrying capacity' as well as attract adequate qualified manpower to enable the institution absorb more applicants. Again, it is recommended amongst other things that programmes such as Sandwich, Part-time programme and Continuous Education Programme (CEP) should be re-introduced as strategies of giving more applicants the opportunities to be admitted.

Chukwuone C. A.  Anowai C. C.  Dimelu I. N.  and Oluah B. E.  

Enhancing secondary students' Creativity is one of the strategic ways of improving their entrepreneurial capacity and performance. This is very critical in Home Economics programs at various levels as it emphasizes developing the individuals' occupational skills towards becoming an agent of self-employment and an employer of labor. In order to improve the Creativity of Home Economics Students under secondary education, this study, therefore, determined teachers' role in enhancing Creativity among Home Economics students at secondary schools in Nsukka Education Zone. The study was carried out based on the survey research design. All the eighty-six Home Economics teachers in the zone were used for the study. A structured questionnaire made up of 32 items rated using a modified 4 – point response scale was used to generate data for the study. Three experts validated the instrument. Data collected were analyzed using means, standard deviation, and t-test. The finding revealed that all the listed strategies except three were required in promoting creativity skills in youths. It was recommended that Home Economics teachers should be innovative, creative and pragmatic, by adopting delivery methods that will arouse Creativity in students. Adequate funds, facilities, and equipment should be provided by the government to teach and learn Home economics effectively. Collaborations between the learning institutions and industry should be strengthened to gain relevant practical experience in skill acquisition.

Luis M. Dos Santos  

Studying abroad is one of the significant life-changing decisions of many traditional-age students. Due to the ideas of globalisation and pop-culture development, South Korea becomes one of the popular destinations for tertiary education. Based on the conception of neo-racism, many international students may face discrimination due to their nationalities, religious practices, spoken languages, place of origin, gender, and personal characteristics. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the challenges and difficulties of international students in South Korea. The study was guided by one research question, which was, based on the perspective of neo-racism theory. How would international students who are currently enrolled at one of the South Korean universities and graduate schools describe their challenges and difficulties as foreigners? Based on the phenomenological approach, 100 participants who are currently enrolled at one of the South Korean universities and graduate schools were invited to share their life stories through individual interview, item sharing, and focus group activities. The results indicated that nationalities, place of origin, religious practice, personal characteristics, and sexism are some of the significant elements and challenges as foreigners and international students in South Korea. The outcomes of this study suggested that the government agencies should coordinate with the school leaders, local community offices, NGOs, and researchers to reform and polish their current policies and regulations for international students and professionals to overcome the challenges. More importantly, the Ministry of Education and school leaders should promote appropriate education schemes and programmes for intercultural understanding and education.

Hasmawaty  Husain Syam  and Abdul Saman  

Early childhood education plays an essential role in the development of children as a whole. For this reason, a primary and actual educational program is needed to prepare them for growing up. One of them is by introducing entrepreneurship education at the preschool level. This research is the final part of a research and development project to test whether the role-playing-based entrepreneurship education model developed is valid, practical, and effective. The research was conducted at the Islamic Kindergarten Cendikia Al Izhar Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Furthermore, several groups of participants involved in this study were two experts, 2 Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers, and 15 children. Data collection was carried out using: (1) device validation sheets, (2) teacher activity observation sheets, (3) children's activity sheets, (4) teacher response questionnaires, and (5) teacher response questionnaires. The collected data were then analyzed using quantitative methods by calculating the average value of this educational model's level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that the role-playing-based entrepreneurship education model for ECE children is proven valid, practical, and effective. This means that this educational model can be applied in the education system at the preschool level to acquire entrepreneurial knowledge and skills from an early age.

Leah Harris  Debra L. Cote  Barbara Glaeser  Melinda R. Pierson  and Shannon L. Sparks  

Thinking Maps is an academic tool that allows students to organize information in a way that supports cognitive processes [1]. Thus far, research on Thinking Maps has been based on students' academic outcomes. Yet, Thinking Maps can provide students with academic as well as behavioral support while only using one tool to accomplish both. Teachers may feel overwhelmed and not adequately prepared to address the behavioral challenges inside or outside the classroom. Providing visual models can help all levels of learners (i.e., English Learners) in understanding how to use a Thinking Map that has been adapted for a behavior modification. Visual models can promote independence and minimal guidance when students are using Thinking Maps. More peer-reviewed research needs to be available and conducted on the general use of Thinking Maps for general and special education settings as well as across the grade levels of K-12. There also needs to be more research on the use of Thinking Maps for behavioral purposes across multiple grade levels and settings. Within this study, Thinking Maps was adapted for behavior modification and a handbook was developed. Participants were surveyed and provided feedback on ways to improve the handbook. Overall feedback suggested participants found the handbook beneficial for use with students in helping them to understand behavior.

Alejandro Almonacid-Fierro  Eugenio Merellano-Navarro  Sergio Sepúlveda-Vallejos  and Marta Rios-Chandia  

The present article aims to understand and interpret the experiences that new teachers recall and learn from their initial teacher training. This will be conducted by understanding that knowledge is built daily through the exercise of teaching. In such a way that the experience and wisdom of pedagogical knowledge are consolidated through action and, given this context, praxis is not just an object of reflection, but an instance of learning for the exercise of teaching. Regarding methodology, this study stands from the interpretive paradigm and qualitative approach. To collect evidence, eight focus groups and twelve in-depth interviews were conducted with teachers who graduated from a Chilean university located in the center-south of the country. The sample was composed of a total of 53 teachers. As for data analysis, certain notions raised by grounded theory were utilized. The results of the study reveal the necessity—manifested by teachers—regarding initial training that allows for the construction of new knowledge and spaces to increase critical-reflective thinking. On the other hand, given their current pedagogical exercise within the classroom, teachers consider that initial teacher training must improve its theoretical-practical relationship, modify the curriculum and evaluation processes that are developed at university, consistently establish the university-school link.

Doan Thi Hue Dung  

The paper aims to address the significant factors that affect the motivation to acquire English language skills of Vietnamese undergraduate students. This descriptive research study is mainly based on the survey using both questionnaires and interviews, conducted with 288 students at the Department of English Language of Hong Bang International University in Ho Chi Minh City. The findings show that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play obvious impacts on the student's learning motivation, behavior, and performance. The major extrinsic factors include the teacher's role, the course atmosphere, the learning environment, the expectations from students' parents, the rates of incomes revealed in the job market, and the socio-educational environment. The intrinsic factors mainly include student's language competency, student's type of personality, and personal interests. Based on the findings of the study, the paper also proposes necessary implications to enhance the students' motivation of learning, aiming for increasing their success in the study program. In theoretical aspects, the study highlights the role of culture in shaping the student's motivation of learning. The study also attempts to differentiate types of learning motivation in terms of their time span, such as short-term, long-term, and lifelong motivation.

Tri Wahyuni  I Nyoman Sudana Degeng  Utami Widiati  and Punaji Setyosari  

English as a compulsory subject in the higher education of Indonesia is thought as an English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It means that the material provided must be relevant to the study program. Besides focusing on the study program, the use of interactive instructional media in a class is a must since most of teachers believe that it can help them to reach the goal better. The teaching should be more interactive by providing interactive instructional media to attract students' motivation to learn. Nowadays, technology grows rapidly and provides various alternatives in developing instructional media. One of them is the use of Augmented Reality (AR). In this study, the AR is combined with the Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) to design the instructional media, named AR based PWIM. The design is used to promote students' English vocabulary of non-English Department who take Basic English course. Since vocabulary is believed as the most important thing in language learning. The research design is a research and development (R n D) design that followed ADDIE development procedures. It starts with the analysis, design, develop, implement and evaluate. Based on the development phases, it can be concluded that the design of AR based PWIM is a relevant model to promote students' English vocabulary in the higher education of Indonesia. Finally, the researchers suggest future research to conduct an experiment study related to the new AR based PWIM instructional design to measure the effectiveness of the design.

Dedy Setiawan  

The partnership program has been running as one of the Community Service programs of the UPPM of the Bandung State Polytechnic. In this partnership program, a newly established Islamic school which is often called 'pesantren' in Bandung regency has become the partner. The main objective of the program is to give a consultation to the school in the English language teaching (ELT) program as an extra curriculum activity. As the ELT program is new and has not been established, a new syllabus with the materials should be formed. To design a syllabus, needs analysis was performed. It was then conducted through observation, interview, and survey. The management of the school and students has become the respondents. They all contributed data that are useful for syllabus designing. With additional information regarding the school and life of the students in the boarding school, a book for teaching materials has now been written. The present paper describes all the steps taken to collect data and to design a syllabus with the corresponding materials.

Helah Aref Harafsheh  Abdallah Ahmad Baniabdelrahman  and Fawwaz M. Al-Abed Al-Haq  

This study aimed at identifying the degrees of practicing the Intensive Reading comprehension skills by students in the Directorate of Education in Irbid Kasbah District from their points of view. To achieve the aims of the study, a descriptive-analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was prepared to collect data after verifying their validity and stability. The participants of the study included 101 students in the eleventh grade in the academic year (2020/2021). The results of the study showed that the use of Intensive English Reading skills by the students was moderate from their points of view. Furthermore, the results showed statistically significant differences in the use of Intensive English Reading skills by students due to the gender variable. In the light of the results, the researchers recommended some recommendations, such as the teachers should maintain the progress of the students in Intensive Reading and encourage them to read English texts more and balance the teaching-learning activities to achieve the students' competencies in mastering four skills of the language.

Riana Julian  Suparman  Irwan Djumat  Bahran Taib  Ermawati  Nurfitri Sahidun  Adityo Permana Wibowo  Fadil Indra Sanjaya  and Sulistyo Dwi Sancoko  

Critical thinking is one of the abilities that need to be given to students in 21st-century learning. If students do not have critical thinking ability, students will experience obstacles in achieving learning goals. Learning resources could facilitate students in enhancing critical thinking ability. This research aims to analyze and design electronic student worksheet material based on discovery learning model to enhance critical thinking ability. Electronic student worksheets are developed with the ADDIE model. The subject of this research is 8th-grade students of Muhammadiyah 1 Pundong Junior High School. The instruments used were validation sheets, an observation guide, and an interview guide. The validation sheets were given to the material and media experts to assess the electronic student worksheet quality. Interviews were conducted towards teachers and students to gain information about the curriculum and students' characteristics. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions were drawn. The result of this research shows that electronic student worksheet needs to be developed with regard to the discovery learning model and students' characteristics. The electronic student worksheet is designed to enhance critical thinking ability. Further research could be conducted towards the development stages, implementation, and evaluation. The results of this study can be used as a guide for mathematics teachers in developing electronic student worksheet that makes students understand mathematics and have critical thinking skills simultaneously. The novelty of this research is to integrate critical thinking skills into electronic student worksheet. In addition, electronic student worksheet is designed according to the discovery learning model.

Nurlylia Binti Rohizir  Jumintono  Dyah Erni Widyastuti  Firdaus Yuni Dharta  Mei Tri Sundari  Indra Perdana  Niko Azhari Hidayat  Husin Rayesh Mallaleng  Roma Tao Toba  Judi Januadi Endjun  and Anastasia Riani Suprapti  

Timber stairs are defined as a series of wood steps to connect different floors in the room. This study aims to look at the level of understanding of timber stairs among architecture students. Second, this study aims to help students understand timber stairs intensively with the video's help. This wooden ladder is part of a wooden construction known as basic knowledge but is rarely considered relevant. Therefore, this quantitative research was used to find the benefits of using video in explaining timbers stairs to students. A set of objective questions with many choices were used as instruments in this study. The topic of timber stairs has been found in Construction Technology subjects for students of the UiTM Series Iskandar for their Bachelor of Architecture degree in semester 2. The sample used consisted of 25 students from the UiTM Series Iskandar. A total of 25 respondents have been taken to answer the pre-test questions before watching the video and post-test, which must be answered by them after watching the video. Data were analyzed using SPSS with very positive results. The findings show that most architecture students know timber stairs, but their understanding is not 100 percent correct. The conclusion shows that using video as a learning medium does help students to understand the Timbers ladder.

Khikmah Novitasari  Enny Zubaidah  Ramdhan Harjana  and Herwinda Putri Daniswari  

Literacy ability helps children learn to read more easily and increase children's success at school. This study aims to describe the use of multimedia technology in literacy learning in kindergarten in Sleman, including (1) Lesson plan, (2) implementing the use of multimedia technology in children's literacy learning, and (3) assessment of children's literacy abilities stimulated using multimedia technology. This research is qualitative. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and document review techniques. The validity of the data is obtained through data triangulation. The data analysis technique was conducted using an interactive model. The results showed that: (1) Lesson plan is adapted to the national curriculum, scientific learning approaches, and learning center models, and integrated with the development of other aspects arranged in semester, weekly and daily programs. (2) Implementation of the use of multimedia technology in literacy learning is implemented in the foothold of learning centers with steps: (a) concentration of attention and focus, (b) orientation, (c) modeling, (d) stage of children's play, and (e) summary. (3) Assessment of children's literacy abilities stimulated using multimedia technology is carried out with observation techniques, the results of assignment work, and anecdotal notes, procedures carried out include recording child development, summarizing notes, and describing in the form of short sentences covering competencies in the national curriculum.

Evangelia Saramourtsi   Makrina Zafiri   and Vassiliki Pliogou   

This research paper focuses on the issue of gender stereotypes and, more particularly, on the way in which kindergarten students choose the toys and games/activities that they play and the manifestation of specific behaviors which they express in the kindergarten class. The research questions attempted to answer to the correlation of gender stereotypes and the student’s choices of toys and games/activities, and the manifestation of pro-social and aggressive behaviors in students, as well as the teachers’ views on the influence which gender stereotypes exert on students and the way teachers attempt to solve related problems. As part of the research, semi-structured interviews with ten teachers who worked in Greek kindergarten schools were conducted, in order to explore their views and attitudes on the issues stated above. The results of this research show that kindergarten teachers spot differences in kindergarten students’ choices of toys and games/activities, as well as in the behavior between boys and girls. The responses of the kindergarten teachers show that they do not all agree that the aforementioned differences are due to gender stereotypes. The results also show that kindergarten teachers are aware of the ways in which gender stereotypes affect kindergarten students in the family and the school environment. Kindergarten teachers also stated that they know how to deal with gender stereotype problems which may arise in their classes.

Nalini Arumugam   Mohamad Idham Md Razak   Asha Latha Bala Subramaniam   Sivajothy Selvanayagam   Mohammad Radzi Manap   and Mohammad Hariri Bakri   

In 21^st century education, it is imperative for educators to exploit technology in order to meet the evolving education needs of the current generation through greater access to knowledge. The researchers cum educators supplemented the conventional-based classrooms teaching of entrepreneur education with a customized home-based and interactive e-learning platform, ECOPRENEUR, to increase learner participation, engagement and achievement. The research employed a mixed method approach to elicit data from 385 undergraduates from an established public university in Malaysia to determine the efficacy of the e-learning platform as a supplementary learning tool in the teaching of Technology Entrepreneurship. Findings reveal that the intervention supplementary learning platform improves students’ overall grades in Technology Entrepreneurship: m = 44.04 in the pre-test and m= 53.63 in the post-test. Paired sample test results demonstrate a statistically significant grade outcome (t = 28.679; n=385; p=.000). Further findings reveal that the male students in the study secured higher grades with a mean of 55.72 compared to female students with a mean of 52.26 (p=.000) in the post-test. Both pre and post-test scores show that students from the Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics outperformed (pre-test mean with 45.76 and post-test 56.69) students from the Faculty of Plantation and Agro Technology (pre-test m=42.29 and post-test m= 50.51), thus indicating that motivation and expertise in information and communication technology to navigate the platform play a major role in determining its efficacy.

Rina Novalinda   Oskah Dakhi   Melda Fajra   Azmil Azman   Mardhiah Masril   Ambiyar   and Unung Verawadina   

This research aims to improve social interaction and learning achievement in Computer and Network learning materials in Grade X-9 Vocational High School 1 Padang students using the Team Assisted Individualization learning model with modules. This research is a Class Action Research consisting of two cycles. Each Cycle consists of action planning, action execution, observation, and reflection. This study's subject was Grade X-9 Vocational High School 1 Padang Year 2019/2020, which numbered 38 students. Data sources come from teachers and students. The data validity technique used in this study is a triangulation technique that tests the validity of data by utilizing outside means of data to check or benchmarking data methods. The analysis technique also refers to Miles and Huberman analysis models performed in three components: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. Data collection instruments through questionnaires, tests, observations, and interviews. The data analysis techniques used are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the Team Assisted Individualization learning model with modules could improve: (1) social interaction increased from 47.37% to 71.05%, and (2) cognitive aspect learning achievement by 34.21% increased to 65.79%. While the affective aspect is learning in (Cycle I) reached the target of 81.58%.

Sulaiman M. Alshutwi   Aznan Che Ahmad   and Lay Wah Lee   

Hearing impairment of teachers' job satisfaction is an aspect that deals with affective. Earlier studies had reported that it could stimulate attitude and efficiency of teachers towards their job. Meanwhile, most of the instruments available to measure this construct were validated using outdated psychometric methods. This study therefore adopted a survey research type of non-experimental design to adapt Teachers Job Satisfaction for Hearing Impairment Scale (TJSHIS). The sample consisted of two hundred and nine (209) teachers of hearing impairment from twenty schools randomly selected from co-educational public schools in Saudi Arabia. Data were analysed using, Parallel Analysis (PA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Measurement model and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results showed that the scale was reliable and had construct validity. Also, the scale was reduced from sixty-five (65) to forty-four (44) items across three (3) factors with final compliance indices chi-square: = 2020.196, p = 0.31, RMSEA= 0.05, TLI = 0.95, SRMR= 0.015, CFI= 0.97, AIC= 27944.582 and BIC= 28395.798. The composite reliability index of the three (3) factors of TJSHIS was 0.93, while the reliability index of each of the subscales of the TJSHIS ranged from 0.91 to 0.95. The author encourages researchers to use the scale for measuring hearing impairment teachers job satisfaction in Arab countries.

Nguyen Van Hiep   and Pham Ngoc Tram   

Education and training at all levels in Vietnam are considered the national priorities, along with science and technology development. Innovation in higher education teaching methods in Vietnam has been implemented for many years and is based on selecting, inheriting traditional teaching methods, and absorbing and applying modern teaching methods to meet social needs. Rational choice theory is an approach used by social scientists to understand human behavior. In recent years, this method has been widely used in many fields: society, economy, politics, culture, religion. The main purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the rational choice theory, on which basis to apply in innovating higher education teaching methods in the context of Vietnam's renewal and integration. Applying rational choice theory to innovate higher education teaching methods in Vietnam focuses on three main issues: (1) The rationale in educational choices; (2) Maximize the benefits of learners; (3) Highlighting students' choices requires teachers to renew their thinking about how to teach, taking learners as the center to promote student initiative. The role of the teacher in the dynamic and intelligent university environment of the twenty-first century is not only the imparting knowledge but also as a guide, problem-raising person, and maximizer of self-study and independent thinking of students with the support of information technology, communication, and modern equipment and teaching facilities. The article concludes with some guidance that lecturers should follow.

Hend Faye AL-shahrani   and Mohammad Ahmed Hammad   

Family is the fundamental unit in building strong and cohesive societies. Therefore, it is essential to provide the family with a range of mechanisms and skills that help to fulfill its mandated role by immunizing its children from destructive beliefs. Thereby, the family plays a pivotal role in embodying what is known as intellectual security in society, which is a key factor in flourishing society's progress and prosperity. In addition, It plays a decisive role in society cohesion and pursuit to achieve intellectual security to its children. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the educational role of the family in enhancing the intellectual security of the children in the Saudi society. The sample consisted of (336) parents, aged between (30-60 years), (mean = 44.04, S.D. =7.42) living in Saudi Arabia. We used the questionnaire developed by researchers, consisting of (36) phrases distributed in three dimensions. The results indicated that the role of parents was in a high level in all dimensions of the questionnaire, Especially, Religious and moral dimension. In addition, Data analysis shows the importance of the educational role of the family in reinforcing the intellectual security of its children in the Saudi society. Based on these results, this study demonstrated the importance of encouraging responsible persons to consider this vital issue with great interests and awareness, and provide full support to Saudi families, helping them to achieve the intellectual security for their children, by increasing security awareness and explaining the dangers of extremism and terrorism to the security. Furthermore, strengthen the intellectual programs, and reduce the obstacles faced by families, and its negative consequences for society.

Mark Angelo C. Reotutar   

Reviewing completed research studies aids research ecosphere to provide a conclusive and reliable bibliography; and it confirms a comprehensive generalization on the conducted researches along mathematics education. It aimed to systematically review the completed graduate mathematics education researches in SUCs in Region I to see the complete picture of the conducted researches in the region. Specifically, the researcher classified and characterized the graduate mathematics education researches in the region and identified the effect sizes of the researches. The researcher made used of the descriptive-quantitative method of research to systematically review the completed theses and dissertations in mathematics education. Specifically, a meta-analysis was done in some portions of the review. The following are the findings of the study: (1) the determinants of mathematics achievement of students have the greatest number of researches conducted by graduate mathematics students from the years 2007 to 2016. (2) Most of the conducted researches used correlation method of research and had a small to very small effect size index. (3) As consequence of the findings, a research mapping and a proposed research direction were crafted by the researcher for mathematics education future researchers. The results of the study tell that every university in the country should comprehensively choose research topics, monitor and guide their students who are enrolled in the graduate programs to avoid over saturation to research topics especially in mathematics education. In the light of the findings and conclusions, the researcher recommended that the constructed proposed research mappings and directions should be used as guide in thinking what research area/s will be undertaken by future mathematics education researchers.

Nurulhusna Rashid   and Nurulwahida Azid   

Language literacy is the most important skill to be mastered because it is one of the mediums used to deliver teaching contents in the classroom. One of the language literacy needed in learning is the reading skills. This research aimed to identify the impact of using LSR interactive tool on slow learner students' reading skills. A total of thirty slow learner students and two teachers who had five years of experience in teaching special education class were selected as respondents. This research was pre experimental in design because it involved only one group of study sample. The instruments used were pre-test and post-test, and interview protocols for teachers and pupils. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis through Statistical Program Social Science (SPSS) version 22. The paired t-test result showed that there were positive and significant impacts (t= -23.57, df=29, P<0.05) of using LSR interactive tool on slow learner students' reading skills. Meanwhile qualitative data through teacher and student interviews showed similarity when both groups agreed that using LSR interactive tool helps slow learner students improve their reading skills. The use of multimedia elements such as text, graphics, animation, video and audio has helped a lot in capturing students' attention and interest and this also has indirectly helped improve their reading ability. All students suggested that more words be built in LSR and the use of 3D graphics be increased as these have attracted them to learn. It is hoped that this study can be a trigger and reference for further studies related to the use of interactive applications in particular to assist the learning process of special education students.

Md Kamal Uddin   Md Uzir Hossain Uzir   Md. Mahadhi Hasan   Mohammad Salim Hassan   and Mohammad Sahabuddin   

Academic scientific writing is essential to graduation and post-graduation. Many graduate students suffer from a lack of systematic technique. An effective and efficient writing skill and technique guide the students to produce a good article and thesis in a short period. Keyword, Sequence, and Importance (KSI) is a robust academic writing technique. The study investigated the KSI model's effectiveness in academic writing using the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) model. The authors of articles and dissertations are sometimes in a fix on how to start, how to flow, how many citations are needed, how many words to be included in a paragraph, which should come first, and the sequence, etc. A total of 55 students (Ph.D., Masters, and others), who participated in the workshop to learn the KSI model in the workshop, participated in this study, and provided necessary data. SPSS statistical tool was used to analyze the collected data to examine KAP's impact on authors' writing performance. The results of multiple regression showed that attitude and practice had a significant effect on scientific writing performance. The findings implicate that the KSI model is a persuasive writing technique with which the supervisors can adequately guide their students. The students can produce scientific writing in a minimum time. The KSI model, practically, benefits a student to get graduate on time (GOT). The study findings also contribute to the KAP model to support its theoretical assumptions in the education sector.

Siraj Kariyilaparambu Kunjumuhammed   Bassam Khalil Hamdan   Vaidehi Pandurengan   and Sheikha Al Subhi   

Educational philosophies guide decisions on curriculum, teaching and learning pedagogies and assessment. In other words, students' learning experience in a higher education institution (HEI) is deeply influenced by the underlying educational philosophy of the HEI and the academic staff. This research examines the dominant educational philosophies of academic staff in the Colleges of Technology (CoT) in the Sultanate of Oman. A questionnaire that focuses on essential features of various student-centered and teacher-centered educational philosophies is distributed online. The statements used in the questionnaire start with, "I allow my students" or "I focus on" to reflect the current teaching practices. Two hundred academic staff from the department of business studies of seven CoTs participated in the study. Two significant inferences were drawn based on the analysis. Firstly, the educational philosophy of staff is influenced by the HEI's preferred educational philosophy articulated in their vision and mission statements and not by their gender, nationality and years of experience. The second and foremost inference is the staff's preference to use the positive sides of both student-centered and teacher-centered educational philosophies in classrooms. This refutes the observation of superiority or usefulness of a single educational philosophy in enhancing student learning experience and attainment of graduate attributes.

Deepak Kumar   and Pushp Lata   

The advancements in communication and information technology have necessitated changing the traditional ways of teaching and learning. Educators have etched the space and scope to integrate multimedia and technology for better learning outcomes. Like other subjects, teachers and syllabus designers of English subject have also made an effort to integrate multimedia and technology into the English syllabi through retention of the best of the ongoing practices in ELT and by further improvising it to cater to the changing teaching-learning needs. The present study aims to understand the teachers' views regarding the efficacy of the existing syllabus of English for secondary grade prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi. The study also aims to determine whether the teachers feel the need of inclusion of Multimodality in the syllabus to improve its quality and delivery in the classroom. Sample for this study (n = 176) was drawn from the teachers teaching in various secondary schools affiliated to the CBSE. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on ‘5 point Likert scale' was used as an instrument to collect responses from the teachers. The responses were quantitatively analyzed. Correlation among the parameters was validated to test the relationship among them. The study establishes a strong relationship among the different parameters of syllabus and further verifies that the teachers feel that there is a need for further improvement in the syllabus in all the parameters of syllabus design. The study recommends the integration of Multimodality in the syllabus for improving its effectiveness. Such integration will make the comprehension easier and more interesting. It will also add to the curiosity of the students.

Sabar Narimo   Dhany Efita Sari   Diana Ofintan   and Surya Jatmika   

This research aimed to 1) investigate the effect of principal leadership based on teacher perception on teacher performance, 2) investigate the effect of internal communication between principal and teacher on teacher performance, and 3) investigate the effect of principal leadership and internal communication on teacher performance. Causal comparative method was performed in this research. 110 teachers from private high schools in Indonesia were the population in this study. Questionnaires were used to collect data for all variables. T-test and multiple regressions were performed to analysis hypotheses in this study. Results indicated that principal leadership has a positive effect and significantly correlates with teacher performance. Also, internal communication between principal and teachers has a positive effect and significantly correlates with teacher performance. In addition, principal leadership based on teacher perception and internal communication has a positive effect on teacher performance. Therefore, it is essential to do further research about another factors influencing teacher performance.

Luis M. Dos Santos   

Due to the development of the technological devices and technologically assisted teaching and learning materials, tools, and strategies, the teaching and learning behaviors of both teachers and students have been changed. Currently, technology and visual learning tools are some of the effective tools for many classroom environments. The researcher's aim was to determine, understand and evaluate the effectiveness of the Visual-Only Video Teaching Strategy with nursing students and how this, together with a visual-only video-oriented strategy could increase the motivation and interest of learning the English language in the college and university classroom environments. The current study employed the Visual-Only Video Teaching Strategy as the main tool for English as a Foreign Language teaching and learning with a group of first-year nursing students with an intermediate to advanced level of English language proficiency. Based on the qualitative research design with both semi-structure interview sessions and focus group activities, the researcher collected a total of 42 first-year nursing students to experience the Visual-Only Video Teaching Strategy as the teaching tool during a 16-week semester in South Korea. The results indicated that the visual-only video materials with the natures of local facilities and sites highly increase the motivation of learning. Also, social media platform took an important role to increase the interaction and motivation of learning. The outcomes of this study provided an alternative and innovative teaching and learning strategy beyond the traditional teacher-centered and top-down teaching and learning approaches used in the current East Asian educational environment.

Junita Dwi Wardhani   M. Furqon Hidayatullah   Asrowi   Wiranto   M. Nizam   and Eka Rahmawati   

Strong early literacy skills will affect children's thinking skills in the future. The results of existing research indicate that learning in schools has not been able to make this happen. This research is a survey research to see the gap between children's literacy skills in the field and expected literacy abilities. So that it will be seen the components that can affect the literacy abilities of children aged 5-6 years. Currently, there are not many studies examining the influence of literacy components in developing children's literacy, because many researchers consider that all components are important. Therefore, a deeper study is needed to see the components that affect the development of children's literacy. The expected literacy ability is expert judgment which has been validated using the Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The data collection techniques used were observation and questionnaires. The population in this study used simple random sampling. Respondents in this study were 150 children aged 5-6 years. The results showed that the children's ability to understand language components was 6.76%, phonological awareness reached 5.73%, basic reading skills 6.5%, basic writing skills 7.8%, and children's motivation in reading 3.37%, so it can be concluded that based on the components of children's early literacy skills, the accumulated age of 5-6 years has only reached 30.16% of the expected. The contribution of this research is to determine the appropriate literacy stimulation for children.

Hari Sutrisno   Dwi Wahyudiati   and Isana Supiah Yosephine Louise   

Understanding the concept of chemistry can not only be done directly by studying chemistry, but even chemistry will also be more easily understood if contextualized with culture, because the concept of chemistry is very analogous to culture (Ethnochemistry). This paper will discuss Ethnochemistry in the local wisdom of the Sasak tribe, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia contained in the Merarik (wedding) tradition. In this tradition, there are social, moral and spiritual values such as the concept of giving and receiving, cooperation, mutual respect, and the concept of a mutual need to achieve stability. These concepts have very strong relevance to the theory of chemical bonds which includes the concept of electron stability, electron configuration, positive and negative ions, and the theory of chemical bond formation so that it can be concluded the theory of chemical bonds has interconnection with local wisdom of Sasak tribe (Ethnochemistry). The concept of material and its changes integrated into local Sasak wisdom are reflected in the use of chemical elements from various types of metals such as gold, silver, bronze, copper, brass, and various other metals for the manufacture of traditional ceremonial tools and traditional Sasak arts. Likewise, the concept of material change is found in food processing, traditional art tools and cultural products of the Sasak tribe. Thus the application of ethnhochemistry in chemistry learning can act as a natural laboratory & learning media so as to make chemistry learning more enjoyable and relevant to students' daily lives (contextual-based learning).

Salmah   Arifin Ahmad   and Andi Muhammad Idkham   

The competence of the principal influences the performance of teachers in carrying out his responsibilities as a significant component in achieving educational success. Thus, the Principal should empower teachers so that they can improve their performance. This research is a correlational study which aims to determine whether there is a principal's competence on the performance of teachers in Junior High School (SMP) of the City of Makassar. The exogenous variable in this study is the competence of the Principal, while the endogenous variable is the performance of the Teacher. The population in this study was all teachers of Junior High School of the City of Makassar. At the same time, the sample was teachers of SMP Negeri 4 Makassar, teachers of SMP Negeri 6 Makassar, teachers of SMP Negeri 11 Makassar, teachers of SMP Negeri 7 Makassar, teachers of SMP Negeri 24 Makassar, and teachers of SMP Negeri 31. Makassar, with 25 teachers each school. The research data were obtained by distributing questionnaires in the form of positive and negative statement items. The data analysis technique is simple regression analysis. Based on the results of the first hypothesis test, it is obtained that P = 0.000 is smaller than α = 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between the competencies of school principals on the teachers' performance of Junior High School of the City of Makassar. The competence of the Principal provides a positive reflection on teachers. The higher the level of competence the Principal has, the higher the performance of the Teachers.

Tiara Erganila   and Suwarjo   

This study aimed to determine the needs of "AD" as a student who is disliked by his friends in the class by using the McClelland's theory of needs at the State Senior High School of 8 Yogyakarta. This research uses the qualitative approach to analyze "AD" needs according to McClelland's theory of needs. The method of the research is how the solution will be informed according to the recent data. The subject was obtained through sociogram results from sociometry in class X Social Sciences 1. There are some steps in this research. First, draw the hypothesis based on the field data. Second, search and determine the informations required through interviews, observations and instruments in the form of rating scale. Furthermore, the needs of "AD" are compiled using the rating scale and analyzed using McClelland's theory of needs. Then, there are 20 indicators of needs that can prove "AD" is a disliked student. According to McClelland theory of needs, there are three needs that "AD" craved for: Needs for Affiliation 72%, Needs for Achievement 68%, Needs for Power 48%. Based on the results of the study on the analysis of needs of students disliked by their friends using McClelland's theory of needs at the State Senior High School of 8 Yogyakarta, it can be concluded that "AD" is the most disliked student. The main cause is the bad label of "AD" so that there is a gap between "AD" and his group who is his own classmate.

Luis M. Dos Santos   

English language learning is not uncommon for many university students and programmes, particularly in the fields of nursing education. Pre-service nursing students are required to take certain courses of English language courses in order to meet the educational requirement in many universities in South Korea. However, there is no regulation about what types of English courses should be offered. In this study, based on the information (i.e. inductive surveys, interview sessions, and focus group activities) from 64 currently enrolled nursing students, the researcher sought to understand two research questions, which were, After the completion of both English for Specific Purposes (ESP) (i.e. English for Nursing Purposes) courses and English for General Purposes (EGP), which course would you prefer? Why; and how would the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) (i.e. English for Nursing Purposes) courses meet your expectations as nursing students at the university-level? The results indicated that nursing students tend to select the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses for their English language development because the materials were designed to meet their occupational needs after university graduation (i.e. in the health facilities). The outcomes of this study provided a blueprint for school leaders and department heads to reform and polish their nursing curriculum and plan in order to answer the feedback of the students and pre-service nursing professionals.

Eunjeong Yun   

Science is not only a field for scientists to attain proficiency but also constitutes a field about which the general public should possess some basic knowledge. In this study, we analysed scientific terms with multiple meanings as one of the main factors that causes difficulties in students' science learning. We also inquired as to how many of these terms are included in the total scientific terms and the extent to which they are used in school education in South Korea. We collected those scientific terms in the field of Korean science, made a list of them and extracted polysemes and homonyms from the Standard Korean Language Dictionary. In addition, we extracted scientific terms used in middle and high school science textbooks and examined the ratio of polysemes and homonyms. The study found approximately 10,000 polysemes and 10,000 homonyms from over 380,000 types of scientific terms in Korea, and out of a total of 2,504 scientific terms extracted from secondary school science textbooks, about 900 (40%) were polysemes or homonyms.

Norhayati Mohd. Noor   Akbariah Mohd Mahdzir   Zulkifle Malek   and Aidah Abdul Karim   

Western and Asian studies have both proven that family counselling practice in schools has managed to enhance academic achievement, reduce discipline problems, help rectify negative behaviour, decrease learning difficulties of students, and curb absenteeism among students in schools. On the contrary, it has helped boost the potentials and talents of students. Many empirical studies related to counselling teachers' competency in performing family counselling process have been done to support its need, contribution and effectiveness in increasing the wellbeing of students in schools. Thus, the aim of this study, which utilises qualitative approach method with a case study, is to examine the adaptation of family counselling efficient processes, that has become the practice among secondary school counselling teachers to assist students facing problems relating to discipline and academic achievement. In-depth interviews were conducted with six counselling teachers, and the results of these interviews were analysed using Nvivo software. Research findings indicate that counselling teachers had adapted family counselling practical sessions according to their current knowledge level, relying on their experience as well as interest. This adaptation is also influenced by the factors of time constraint, the burden of non-counselling tasks, family commitments, and the limited current knowledge level of counselling teachers. The implications and suggestions have also been discussed in this article

Che Wan Ida Rahimah Bt. Che Wan Ibrahim   

In today's new economy characterized by globalisation, learning is shifting from teacher-centered to learner-centered and is undertaken in a flexible and personalized way. In view of the importance and ubiquity of Web technologies, this study was undertaken to examine the level of perceived proficiency in terms of knowledge/skills of using these technologies. In addition, this study was conducted to identify the amazing possibilities for Web technologies and related research that can facilitate the learner-users to see and act upon certain aspects of these technologies for informal lifelong language learning development. Primary data in this study were obtained from an on-line self-reported questionnaire survey. A total of 400 university students involved in informal English as a Second Language (ESL) learning at three public universities in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia were selected randomly as the study sample. A descriptive analysis was chosen for the current study. The study found that university students have high levels of both, perceived competencies, and perceived potential benefits of Web applications for helping their language English over an entire lifetime. The application of Web technology is very important in the self-learning process because it catalyzes powerful learning for a lifetime. When learners utilise various Web resources, they satisfy their motivational needs if they feel enjoyment and therefore push behaviour in certain directions towards effective continuing informal learning.

Khalil Jahbel   Mohammad Adnan Latief   Bambang Yudi Cahyono   and Saleh Nuri Abdalla   

This study was designed to explore Libyan EFL students' written corrective feedback preferences regarding their gender to explore the relationship between their gender and their preferences. The data were collected by applying a quantitative method by using a questionnaire. The main objective of this study was to investigate students' preferences on six types of Written Corrective Feedback and investigate which of these types they preferred the most. The researcher administered the questionnaire to a sample of 35 EFL students (16 males and 19 females) studying English (EFL) at Azzaytuna University in Libya. The data were analyzed to reveal the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation values. Paired T-test samples were used to examine the gender differences regarding the types of feedback preferences. These results revealed that students had high preferences towards writing corrective feedback in all types. The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between males and females related to their choices of corrective feedback types. In addition, the results demonstrated that form feedback is the most preferred type among students, followed by unfocused feedback, while content feedback is considered as the least preferable type. This study can be regarded as one of the aspects that may contribute to the improvement in the field of education, as it attempts to explore the characteristic and kinds of error feedback strategies which may promote EFL students at universities and colleges in Libya.

Nora A. Oredina   and Rachelle D. Ebueza   

This study determined the relationship of teachers' competence in instruction, research and extension and the students' math performance and its predictors as basis to improve Mathematics instruction. It made use of a descriptive correlational approach with eight mathematics teacher respondents and 151 students major in Mathematics in the College of Education for the SY 2016-2017. Questionnaire was used to gather the data while Pearson r and regression analysis were used to determine relationship and predictors. The teachers are highly competent in instruction with a median of 4 but are competent in research with a median of 3 and in extension with a median of 3. Mathematics majors have very good performance in Mathematics and they are best in Linear Algebra and Technology in Mathematics. The instruction, research and extension competence of teachers are not significantly correlated with the students' Mathematics performance. The competence in instruction, research and extension are not predictors of the performance in Mathematics with y= 93.86–0.219x1+0.143x2+0.181x3 as the regression model. The competence of the teacher in instruction, research and extension may not necessarily determine the Mathematics performance of students.

Ritu Sharma   Sriram Divi   Khusboo Patel   and Nishant Narayanan   

The current paper maps the dimensions of prospective student's expectations and already extant ranking parameters for higher education established by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in India. A sample of 618 undergraduate students between 17-27 years completed a data sheet capturing their expectations from a higher education institute on 23 parameters. To obtain results, these parameters were compartmentalized based on the five parameters of the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF). One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference among these parameters. Further analysis showed that location of the university, placement and career assistance, faculty profiles, research and internship opportunities, international exposure, course availability, and scholarships are of utmost importance for students. Qualitative analysis indicated a preference for semester exchange and international exposure programs along with research opportunities to be important for students. There was an equivalent preference for places namely, Europe, United States, Canada and Australia which were prospective choices for students to pursue their higher studies.

Ussenova G. S.   Maigeldiyeva S. M.   Fominykh N. Iu.   Tleubay S.   and Meirbekova G. P.   

Digital society, the digital economy, has become true and in turn, generates unique challenges due to the rapid pace of growth of information and communication technology. Digital capabilities and skills are necessary to achieve professional achievement and the personal growth of any person in this world. In terms of reform and modernisation of the global educational system, digitalisation of education is one important trend. Digitisation means the transformation into the digital language of all forms of information (text, sound, visuals, video and other data from different sources). When debating digitalisation, different experts and scholars view the transition from education into the digital phase as a turning point in education history. The UK is supposed to be the first in the world to add compulsory IT and software in 2015 to the schoolchildren's curriculum at age 5 - 16. The article deals with a very actual problem of digitalization of pedagogical education on the basis of a combination of environmental, competence-based and activity-based approaches. The results of the survey of Pedagogical Faculty instructors and students of Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University are presented in the article. The results show that although both groups of respondents are aware of using digital technologies in education, they do not develop systematic use of all their (technologies) opportunities. According to these results, the article states the need for developing a model for the development of cognitive independence of future educators based on the use of digital technologies.

Alexander Albertovich Mukhametshin   Olga Borisovna Ushakova   Firdania Damirovna Mubarakshina   and Andrey Mikhailovich Siluyanichev   

The article examines art education for children of preschool and primary school age as being the most effective tool for the formation of a full-fledged future personality. In modern preschool institutions and in elementary schools, art lessons are an integral part of the educational process, since the development of the creative abilities of the next generation from childhood is one of the top priority tasks of the domestic education system. Drawing is one of the children's most beloved activities. Children begin to draw before they can speak. While engaging in visual arts, they depict everything that they see; the more that they engage their imagination, the better their imagination and abstract thinking get, and their artistic taste is being formed. This article discusses the views of foreign and domestic experts – educators, psychologists, art historians and artists – on how children's personalities are successfully formed and developed in the process of artistic creation, and what accompanying conditions are needed. The current pedagogical experiment of the Children's Studio of Fine Arts and Design, in the Department of Design and National Arts of Kazan Federal University, was described; it is aimed at revealing the natural talents of children through teaching creativity. The results of the experiment will allow us to recommend the methodology of the Studio for use in schools, child care facilities, art studios, clubs, and art classes.

Andrii Hedzyk   Andrii Shuliak   and Andrii Hedzyk   

In view of the modern prospects of technological development, the role of a computer science teacher in providing comprehensive and competitive training to students of higher education institutions should not be underrated. As long as graphic technology constitutes is an essential part of every day changing information environment, graphic training must be paid, especially great attention and the methods for its performance must be thought-through deeply enough. The task of higher education institutions is not only to form the knowledge of the basic rules of performing graphic documents for future specialists but also to teach them how to use their knowledge for rational perception and transformation of the surrounding technology-related environment. The experience of the conducted research proved that an effective tool for the implementation of this goal is the use of the project method in the educational process, which in turn makes it necessary to justify the method of its use. This study revealed the features of using the project method at various stages of forming graphic concepts in the process of professional training of future computer science teachers. It is possible to conclude that in the project activity combined with the tasks of graphic training, future teachers of computer science comprehend the entire technology of solving problems from the problem statement to the presentation of the result.

Bialyk O.   Demchenko I.   Pryshchepa S.   and Dushechkina N.   

This paper focuses on the instructional design, its functions, approaches and principles. Instructional design plays a significant role in ensuring coherent, relevant and effective educational process and must be considered in more depth by modern teachers and educators. Today, without radical changes in educational trends, the process of personal development will continue to be monotonous and impoverished. Authors suggest, that nowadays special attention should be paid to the educational function of the school, aimed at developing a person because the assimilation of knowledge by students must pass through a pre-determined system of educational work. It is important to broadly involve students in planning the process, as well as in the actual implementation of creative ideas. The type of communication within the class group, the student's progress, behaviour within the school and outside it will largely depend on the nature of the activities of students. An important element of work in this area is the involvement of schoolchildren's families, active cooperation with them, the realization of a common goal, mutual understanding. To design the work plan of the class group in relation to specific educational objectives and tasks of personal development of students means to create at the level of personal development of students the most optimal system of activities, where methods and organization will be oriented towards the development of all subjects of interaction.

Diatlenko N.   Goncharenko A.   Smolnykova H   Sabol D.   and Kocherga O.   

The purpose of the study was to investigate the readiness of educators of preschool education institutions in Kyiv to work in inclusive classrooms. The parameters of the research are taken into accounts, such as attitude to the idea of inclusion, possession of the necessary arsenal of pedagogical practices, understanding of barriers and ways to overcome them on the way to the organization of inclusive education. The results of the study showed that a significant number of educators have a negative attitude to the idea of inclusion, believing that children should study in special groups or in special institutions (but not boarding schools). The question of the determinants of educators' attitudes towards inclusive education, which are related to their work experience, seems to be important. The results showed that most respondents have 20-30 years of experience working with preschoolers in general developmental groups. The picture of educators of inclusive groups differs sharply: among them, 42% of people have work experience of up to 5 years. This trend may speak in favour of the ability to learn, interest in changes in education, a sense of potential and professional resources to work in more difficult conditions. Educators with 30 years of experience or more are wary of this choice. Only 8.9% of them found their interest in working with children with special educational needs.

Omar Bataineh   Salah Hailat   Samer Khasawneh   and Mohammad Jawarneh   

The 4-MAT strategy is an effective teaching method for all educational levels (high school and university settings) and academic disciplines in many parts of the world. However, a shortage of research still exists in higher education related to social studies disciplines. This study was carried out to fill this gap and provide further research evidence to the suitability of the 4-MAT strategy. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the 4-MAT strategy on the direct and deferred academic achievement of social studies students in Jordan. The population of the study consisted of all classroom teachers who are required to take social studies course as part of their curriculum plan during their study in the Department of Curriculums and instruction. The sample of the study composed of (86) students was divided into two groups: the experimental group with (45) students and the control group with (41) students. The equivalence of the two groups was established through a pre-test. The academic achievement test used in this study was composed of 25 items and has proven to be valid and reliable. Results of the study indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the direct and deferred academic achievement in favor of the experimental group. The present study provided valuable insights as to the effectiveness of the 4-MAT teaching strategy to prove academic achievement and deferred retention of information for social studies students at higher education institutions in Jordan.

Ayuni Madarina Abdul Rahman   Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi   and Isyaku Hassan   

The teaching and learning of writing involve developing the linguistic and communicative competence of students. Blended learning is described as a strategic and systematic approach that integrates the best aspects of face-to-face and online interactions using appropriate communication technology. This approach engages students in a tremendous learning experience through verbal and written communication. Therefore, this study aims to explore the benefits of blended learning in learning writing among university students using focus group interviews. The respondents consist of a purposively selected sample of six second-year students from Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Malaysia. The interview data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings show that the blended learning approach helps students to develop written communication skills, self-esteem, and interest in learning writing. The students viewed that this approach has provided them with the opportunity to learn in a flexible and conducive learning environment that has positive impacts on their writing. It is envisaged that this study would be beneficial to language instructors and education authorities by providing information that could be useful in the process of curriculum development, particularly for higher learning institutions.

Hengki Wijaya   Arismunandar   and Hamsu Abdul Gani   

Until now, learning is still focused on the cognitive realm only. One aspect that is often neglected is social attitudes, which are part of the affective aspect that has an essential role in social life. The limited number of researchers who touch on this area makes reference sources of social attitudes still limited. This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA model. This model is considered a reasonably comprehensive model because it has four main stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Researchers collected data from various open access data sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, ERIC, Researchgate.net, Academia.com, and Sciencedirect.com. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using content analysis techniques in obtaining an overview of trends and implications of research on education and learning social attitudes over the past ten years. The results showed that there were only 14 articles that met the criteria for further analysis. The fourteen articles discuss several main research topics, such as (1) improving students' social attitudes through learning models/approaches/methods, (2) learning social attitudes in the context of inclusive education, (3) developing and validating social attitude instruments, and so on other. These findings indicate the need for further and more comprehensive research on learning social attitudes so that this aspect is increasingly understood by various elements of education as an aspect that is as important as the cognitive aspect.

Indah Suciati   Khadijah   Khaerani   and Abdul Manaf   

Research on self-concept and mathematics learning achievement has been done a lot, both at the elementary, junior high, high school and university levels. The average research shows a relationship between self-concept and mathematics learning achievement, so it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of correlational studies. Data were obtained from national journals and international databases with predetermined criteria. Based on the search, 28 studies met the specified criteria. Data analysis used a random effects approach. The software used in the analysis is JASP. 0.8. 4.0. The results of the analysis show the Q value with p-value <0,05; τ² or τ> 0; and I² (%) close to 100% of the sample used meets the assumption of heterogeneity. Kendal Value τ with p-value> 0,05; and Z value with p-value> 0,05, and the image generated by the random effects model with the results of the analysis using the trim-fill approach is not different, it can be concluded that there is no publication bias. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-concept and mathematics learning achievement. The resulting summary effect size was 0,62 in the medium category. Summary effect size values are in the interval 0,49 to 0,75. The results of this study indicate consistency and support for the theory of self-concept development.

Ghullam Hamdu   Dindin Abdul Muiz L   and Gina Silma N   

The performance assessment rubric is used to assess the 4C's of the 21st century skills. The rubric is used as a tool to measure the achievement of the 21st century competences. The aim of this research is to develop 4C's skills performance assessment rubric in STEM learning in elementary school. The method used in this research is Educational Design Research (EDR) which according to McKenney & Reeves consists of three stages, namely analysis and exploration, design and construction, and evaluation and reflection. The data collection process was carried out by conducting interview and expert evaluation. This study results in a student performance assessment rubric which includes the criteria, scores, and score descriptions. Product testing was carried out by performing the Kendall's concordance test by using the SPSS program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) which mostly showed the Asymp.Sig <0.05 and can be interpreted that there is an agreement. This research concludes that the performance assessment rubric can be used to assess the 21st-century skills in STEM learning.

Andrew Philominraj   Maria Graciela Badilla Quintana   Rodrigo Arrellano   and Ranjeeva Ranjan   

English language has been enjoying a privileged status in India and occupies a vital place not only in the lives of people but also in Education. English stretches out and expands in all walks of life, from consumer packing to popular magazines, and has a great influence on economic development. Despite the importance of English, the reality of this language in India has not reached the heights of international standards. Efforts to make learners more competent in English language communication are a reality yet to be achieved as revealed in several studies. The current study proposes experience, which is a basis of fundamental and natural learning available to everyone that can be utilized towards the learning of the language by students. In addition, the language teachers are invited to recognize the in-built capacity of the experience in students to foster their learning process. This article, an exploratory study through a quantitative method was carried out among a group of students, in several schools, in the city of Chennai. The results revealed the significance and the utility of Experiential learning, as one such engaging method based on Learner Centered Approach to the learning of English as a second language

Nancy D. Abunda   

Teachers are best known to play a vital role in the educational system, especially in implementing a new curriculum. Adopting the Philippine's K-12 Curriculum requires continuous monitoring and assessment to ensure its programs' transparent improvement. This study examines the level of TPACK of mathematics preservice teachers (PSTs) and mathematics educators (MTEs) and determines whether a significant difference existed between them. Also, this study will establish a relationship between the MTE's TPACK and their technology integration. The participants of the study include 174 PSTs and 41 MTEs. The research instrument adopted considered central components of mathematical TPACK with Cronbach's alpha of 0.967. Results revealed that the mathematics PSTs had an average TPACK, while the MTEs' TPACK was high. A significant difference existed in the TPACK of PSTs and MTEs, indicating PSTs to be more exposed to learning the interconnections of these three knowledge bases, which can be seen demonstrated by MTEs in their instruction. A significant positive relationship existed between the MTEs' TPACK and their technology integration in class, indicating the regular use of technology in the instructional environment suggested higher TPACK among MTEs. The implications of the findings for practice on the teacher education programs are likewise discussed.

Lusiana Delastri   Purwanto   Subanji   and Makbul Muksar   

Understanding is a cognitive ability that students must have. There are various ways to solve a question, it depends on the understanding that students have. When completing questions related to derivative concepts and graphically represented, students can solve them in different ways. This research aims to describe the characteristics of students who solve problems with conceptual and procedural understanding. This research is a qualitative study. The subjects of the study were two students who had different ways of resolving the problem. The supporting instrument used to dig up data is a task sheet whose contents are derivative questions. The results showed that the characteristics of students who solve problem with conceptual understanding are able to identify all information or concepts that can be used to solve the question, understand the definition of each concept that has been identified, able to associate all the information that has been identified in order to solve the question, and able to explain why the procedure used is correct to solve the problem. The student characteristics that solve the problem with procedural understanding are identifying some information contained in the problem, focusing only on the information used to construct the symbolic form, do not understand the information that has been identified, and relate concepts to one another, but it is meaningless. After reading this article, it is expected that teachers can choose the right learning method in teaching. Thus, both conceptual understanding and procedural understanding can be mastered by students.

Nina Tarasenkova   Iryna Akulenko   Mykhailo Burda   Kira Hnezdilova   and Oleh Zhydkov   

This empirical study determines the obvious and hidden factors that affect the Ukrainian Mathematics teachers to use Project-Based Learning and Teaching (PBL and PBT) Mathematics. A survey of 126 practicing Mathematics teachers was conducted using a Standard closed ended questionnaire. The study confirms that modern Mathematics teachers believe that it is impossible to teach Mathematics for modern students without using PBL and PBT. On the one hand, teachers demonstrate their beliefs in these educational techniques. On the other hand, the survey reveals hidden factors that are inhibitory in the practice of PBL and PBT Mathematics. The study shows the following statistically confirmed factors in teachers' beliefs concerning the use of PBL and PBT Mathematics: Content-Technological Factor; Result & Age Factor; Factor of the Target Audience on the expediency of using PBL and PBT Mathematics; Teacher's Overload Factor; Praxeological Factor; Locality Factor; Teacher's Awareness Spectrum Factor. The previous assumption that the experience of a Mathematics teacher is an influential factor in the use of PBL and PBT has not been statistically confirmed. The results show that an influential factor is the Locality Factor. So, it's important if a teacher teaches Mathematics in a city or a village. Its origins (genesis and causes) and the consequences of this factor influence on educational processes in Ukraine need more detailed study.

Nurhadianto   Sugito   Mukminan   Suciati   and Hana Mauludea   

The purpose of this study is to explore information about the efforts made by lecturers to anticipate moral crises and instill student self-concepts. The research approach used is a qualitative case study with research subjects, namely lecturers who teach Civics Education (Civics) courses and students who program these courses at one of the private Universities in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The research process includes observations of the lecture process and interviews conducted by researchers with research subjects about situations, conditions, and subject opinions on the problem's focus. The data analysis technique used is the on-site analysis technique. Verification of the research results' validity was carried out by taking into account the credibility, transparency, and dependability of data collection. The study results concluded that, in general, the efforts made to overcome the moral crisis in students were by providing moral education and giving rewards and punishments to students. Cultivating student self-concept as part of anticipating a moral crisis is carried out by lecturers by listening to student complaints or desires and exploring student self-potential. Therefore, in the learning process, lecturers must pay attention to student morale. Lecturers deliver class lessons, but lecturers must be proactive in paying attention to students' moral condition so that student behavior does not deviate from the rules that apply on campus. Efforts to overcome the moral crisis and instill student self-concept need to be done by lecturers.

T Aminoto   F B Pujaningsih   S Purwaningsih   and R Dani   

Quantum wave packet is one of the well-known topics which is difficult to the students because of its abstract, mathematical and complex characteristics. Web-based simulations, as learning media of quantum physics course, are widely available on the Internet, this research aimed to review and evaluate several versions of quantum wave-packet web-based simulations. This paper was part of the preliminary study in developing ICT-based quantum physics learning modules at Jambi University. It was found that there were 4 websites that provided a high-quality web-based simulation for teaching and learning of quantum wave packet. The simulations were evaluated based on the hierarchical framework and evaluation of educational software method including proposed additional criteria for more specific evaluation. The quantum wave-packet simulation of PhET version gets the highest score, followed by the Schroeder with a slightly different score, Quvis and Physlet version are in the lower position. However, in terms of convenience for users to run directly in the browser, the ease to perform modifications according to user needs, and having another supporting simulation, the Schroeder version is a better learning media. In addition, as the java platform often has compatible issues with many popular browsers, Schroeder version which is HTML-based simulation is more preferable. The performance highlights of each simulation and its specific comparison results are also discussed.

NurHaiza Bt Nordin   and NurNaddia Bt Nordin   

This study aim is to examine and evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on education systems, which is the implementation of online learning (OL) during Movement Control Order (MCO) to higher learning education institution in Malaysia. A questionnaire was developed, and a random sampling of data was performed. Three hundred and fifty-two samples were collected using the Smart PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique to analyze the results. The study shows that acceptance, usability, satisfaction, and technical skills play a pivotal role in inspiring online learning effectiveness for the institution of higher education. Such consideration allows the entire higher education institution in Malaysia to recognize the importance of online learning in education in a consistent way. All the factors influence the sustained positive efficacy except acceptance of online learning. The present study covers only the institutions of higher learning. Entire elementary and secondary school students also participate in online learning, so this group can also be included for further studies. The research would continue to develop the online learning environment, and the study of higher education organizations is gradually embracing learning as an alternative to conventional classroom learning for current students and as a means to extend its scope to new students. Adopting online learning and its technologies requires significant investment in the staff, resources, energy, and space that administrators and those in educational leadership need to be justifiable. Just a few have explored the effect of COVID-19 on the education system and how online learning are conducted during MCO and using Smart PLS is a novel concept and it is a research of its kind from first hand.

Rafidah Abd Karim   and Ramlee Mustapha   

In practise, mind maps have long been used by individuals especially teachers to create, visualise, arrange, and expand ideas in order to facilitate teaching and learning. Learning visually is a distinctive technique in modern pedagogy because most individuals are visual learners. As technology advances, digital mind map is created to replace manual mind map to bring modern pedagogy into the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Digital mind map has been used by teachers to teach diverse subjects. However, the use of digital mind map in teaching writing is scarce. Hence, the purpose of this case study was to examine the use of digital mind map to stimulate creativity and critical thinking in ESL writing course. A sample of 32 university students was selected randomly from one public university in Malaysia. The researchers developed a set of questionnaires to measure the three constructs – the usage of digital mind map, creativity, and critical thinking in writing tasks based on these three models: Lin & Faste, William, and Watson-Glaser models. The empirical results showed that the use of digital mind map evidently stimulates the students' creativity and critical thinking in completing their writing tasks as perceived by the respondents. Thus, the use of digital mind map has facilitated the ESL students' writing tasks in terms of integrating creative and critical elements.

Anang Yuniyanto Wibowo   Bambang Widi Pratolo   Okta Widia Sari   Fahmi   and Nurul Ihsan   

The study is aimed to investigate the strategies and preparations for building an active learning environment. The study involved five students who had a good experience in teaching for at least one month to two months and are considered capable of creating an active learning environment in the classroom. The in-depth interview structure conducted in this study has two main objectives, namely: (1) to identify what kind of strategies that can be applied to implement the active learning environment in the classroom; and (2) to find out what must be prepared by the pre-service English teachers in conducting the teaching and learning process at school. The findings of the study showed that there are four main strategies and three main things that should be prepared by the participants in building an active learning environment. The strategies are: Combining student's interests with instructional media, Providing motivational videos to improve student's enthusiasm, Applying TPR method to enhance student's vocabulary, and Practicing English through web-based learning. Meanwhile, the preparations to run the strategies are: Adjusting the teaching environment, Selecting learning resources, and Supplying interactive media to increase student's interest in learning English. Thus, these findings can be used as reference for English teachers who are facing the problems in building an active learning environment during teaching and learning process.

Agung Hendra Setiawan   Suparman   Agus Suhendar   Tedy Machmud   Sukardi Abbas   and Pamuti   

The ability of mathematical communication is the ability of students to express mathematical ideas both oral and written in the form of language, symbols, and mathematical notations that are easier for students to understand mathematical problems. Problem based learning is a learning model that can be used to improve students' mathematical communication. In implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, teachers need appropriate modules. This study analyzes and designs teaching materials in the form of modules, based on the Problem Based Learning approach, allowing improving mathematical communication skills. The subjects of this study were students of class XI SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sentolo, Kulonprogo. This type of research is research and development with the ADDIE development model. The collection instruments used were interview guides, classroom observations, and tests. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research produces an module needs analysis and module design according to the needs analysis. Modules are designed according to Problem Based Learning (PBL). Modules are designed to improve students' mathematical communication skills. The results of the study can be used as a guide when the teacher develops a learning module for a problem-based learning model. The novelty of this research is the integration of mathematical communication skills into module design.

Suharti   Fitriani Nur   Nuramaliyah Ramadhany   Andi Dian Angriani   and A. Sriyanti   

This study aims to find out the process and quality of the development of guided discovery-based teaching material on real analysis course which meets valid, practical, and effective criteria. The type of research is Research and Development with reference to ADDIE instructional development model. The product developed is the form of teaching material, which is a guided discovery-based teaching material in real analysis courses. The subjects of this study were students of the Department of Mathematics Education UIN Alauddin Makassar class of 2017. The instruments used were expert validation sheets, student and lecturer response questionnaires, student activity observation sheets, observation sheets of teaching material implementation, and learning achievement tests. Referring to the results of the research conducted, it was found that the process of developing teaching materials in this study using the ADDIE instructional development model included five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The development of guided discovery-based teaching material on real analysis course of students of the Department of Mathematics Education UIN Alauddin Makassar has met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.

Goh Hock Seng   Maizatulliza Muhamad   and Richard Kiely   

One of the main foci when discussing 21^st century learning skills (CLS) in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms, is ensuring effective integration of its construct during the teaching and learning process. Certainly, ESL teachers play important roles in achieving the desired results. In a way, teachers are expected to possess several characteristics which are needed in ensuring successful integration of 21^st CLS in the ESL classrooms. This research examined the extent to which the teachers in the Malaysian ESL context integrate 21^st CLS in their classrooms and to investigate their perceptions of their characteristics with regards to 21^st CLS. Data were collected from 291 ESL teachers using a questionnaire which focuses on the integration of 21^st CLS as well as on the teachers' self-rating related to 21^st CLS teacher characteristics. The results suggest a satisfactory level of integration of 21^st CLS in the Malaysian ESL classrooms and the teachers generally viewed themselves as reflecting the needed characteristics of 21^st century teachers. Even though the findings indicate positive results, efforts need to be increased to ensure more consistent integration of 21^st CLS during English lessons.

Abdul Rasid Jamian   Norfaizah Abdul Jobar   Mohd Rashid Md Idris   Arif Mohamed   Nur Farahkhanna Mohd Rusli   and Zamri Mahamod   

This study was conducted to identify the importance of using the literary components (KOMSAS) materials in teaching the Malay language among form four students. The study is focused on the perception of the students toward the literary components, the teachers' strategy in teaching KOMSAS, and the problems that arise during the teaching process. A total of 120 form four students from Chung Hua High School, Seremban, were chosen as the sample. The data are collected using the quantitative method through the five-point Likert scale questionnaires. The data are analyzed using the statistical software of SPSS Version 17.0 to determine the mean and standard deviation based on the indicator level of high, medium or low levels. The data are presented using the frequency and percentage of the specific items. The results showed that the students at the age of 16 and 17 have little or no interest in learning KOMSAS due to several factors. The pattern from the gathered results showed that students are only interested in specific genres of the KOMSAS, such as short stories. However, the students insisted on the additional KOMSAS materials in the Malay language syllabus since it has many lessons and values that could be learned. The study also found that the teachers are less sensitive in selecting appropriate strategies and activities, limiting students' participation in class, even the concept of bestari teaching aids are already utilized.

Kehdinga George Fomunyam   

There are series of changes and transformations in the higher education domain globally and as a result of various economic and technological advances, there are immense opportunities for the higher education domain to improve activities, change the conduct of events and encourage research. With the changes assuming an evolutionary approach, it has moved from the first industrial revolution to the fourth industrial revolution. In the fourth industrial revolution, individuals will be able to transit between digital domains and offline reality by the apparatus of technologies to influence their lives. The fourth industrial revolution is driven by technologies such as automation, additive manufacturing and the industrial internet. Africa has not made serious achievements in line with the 21st century ideals and it lags behind in several indicators necessary for a digital revolution. An Itinerant curriculum is the future of curriculum studies, and it seeks to deterritorialize the curriculum theory by exploring new ways of thinking and feeling, finding approaches to produce new and different purposes of the mind. Findings from this study revealed that the higher educational curriculum as a result of British colonialism in Africa has contents that are foreign to the ideals of the region, and there is a need to consider local knowledge relevant to the needs and aspiration of Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that effort be intensified on leveraging on the fourth industrial revolution in Nigeria. Knowledge must be decolonized and deterritorialized so as to consider local knowledge critical to addressing the problems of this country in the light of the fourth industrial revolution.

Tommy Tanu Wijaya   Wahyu Hidayat   and Ying Zhou   

The current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic requires students to study independently. One of the learning media that can help students solve problems is video-assisted learning. The development of learning video is beneficial to assist teachers in teaching and learning activities. In addition to increasing students' learning interest, learning videos can also help students enter deeper mathematical understanding. The mathematical material is abstract that usually makes students think that mathematics is a difficult lesson. Linear Program at senior high school level is applied mathematics with mathematical models compiled from multiple equations or linear equivalencies to determine the maximum or minimum value. This study aims to develop learning media for linear program mathematics content. This research uses research and development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The sample of the research is one of the high schools in West Java, Indonesia. The validation results of media experts and material experts show learning video is feasible to be implemented to students. The school implementation also established a learning video that using the problem-solving steps is constructive for students to create the mindset and understand the basic concepts in a linear program. This study's results also contribute to the achievement of the objectives of learning mathematics for the better based on the use of video-based learning in improving the mathematical abilities of high school students.

Akporehe Dorah A   and Nkedishu Victor Chukwubueze   

The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service teachers' perceptions about self-efficacy factors to teaching in Delta State, Nigeria. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted while purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 453 respondents from participants of 2265 final year degree students from Colleges of education in Delta State. Questionnaire, titled "Pre-service Teachers Perceptions about Self- Efficacy Factors to Teaching Questionnaire (PTPSFTQ)" was utilized in obtaining information from participants. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics at .05 level of significance. Findings show that pre-service teachers' perceptions about self-efficacy factors to teaching include; teaching profession is a worthy career, teachers are respectable members of the society, they will take up teaching profession when they graduate, among others. Also, measures such as; making students see teaching as part of their daily life, showing students the relevance of teaching to their future careers and allowing students to participate in the whole process of teaching could be used to improve pre-service teachers' self-efficacy factors to teaching. Recommendation, there should be proper orientation for students with special interest on self-efficacy factors to teaching.

Wardono   Scolastika Mariani   and M. D Yanto   

The purpose of this research is to determine the learning quality of Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo to students' mathematical literacy skills. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this research was VII graders students of SMP Negeri 9 Salatiga 2019/2020. The sample in this study was taken using simple random sampling technique with class VII B as the experimental class and class VII C as the control class. The results showed that the TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo has a quality to improve mathematical literacy skills. This is indicated by the average score of the learning device validation at the planning stage which is very good. The observation results of learning implementations and student responses were categorized as very good. In the evaluation stage, it shows that students after participating in the TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo can achieve more than the minimum completeness criteria (MCC) individually or classically, The proportion of classical completeness of student's mathematical literacy skill with the TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo is better than the proportion of classical completeness of student's mathematical literacy skill with the problem based learning model with scientific approach assisted by Google Classroom, and there is an increase in the average score of student's mathematical literacy skills taught by TAPPS learning model with metaphorical thinking approach assisted by Class Dojo.

Eddiebal P. Layco   

This causal research study generally determined the intervening effect of students' metacognition in terms of cognition, motivation, and behavior on the association of their negative emotions with their academic buoyancy and achievement. Data were obtained from a sample of 1100 students from the different students from chosen Senior High Schools in the Division of Pampanga, Philippines during S.Y. 2018-2019. Results revealed that students' negative academic emotions such as anxiety, anger, boredom, hopelessness and shame predict their capacity to cope up with their difficulties in mathematics as well as their achievement in the subject. Result also showed that the relationship between the student's academic buoyancy and achievement is partially intervened by metacognition. This implies that students' ability to bounce back causes them to improve their grades because of their academic cognition, motivation, behavior, and some other factors. Furthermore, the impact of negative academic feelings on students' academic buoyancy and achievement is being moderated by metacognition which indicates that metacognition does not affect the achievement of students who have high levels of negative academic emotions in mathematics in terms of their grades. On the other hand, students who have low levels of negative academic emotions in their grades given that they have higher levels of metacognition and academic buoyancy achieve higher grades in mathematics. With these results, it was recommended that to lessen the impact of negative feelings such as uneasiness and hopelessness on achievement, educator should consider metacognitive strategies for their students to be buoyant and finally increase the chances to achieve academic success.

Joyce Ann M. Tolentino   and Elizabeth W. Santos   

The sole working language of ASEAN region is English. The Philippines as one of the members of ASEAN should adhere to this; that is why the Philippine government in coordination with the Philippine higher education mandates English as the medium of instruction in the tertiary level. This study was conducted to the graduating students of the Bachelor of Secondary Education majoring in English in a Philippine state university during the academic year 2015 to 2016 to determine their proficiency and confidence levels in English as regional lingua franca of Southeast Asia. Results showed that the respondents were confident in terms of their speaking skills, but they were not proficient in terms of their reading and writing skills. It was also found out that there was a significant difference in speaking when grouped according to the level of proficiency in reading. However, no significant difference was found in speaking when grouped according to the level of proficiency in writing. To prepare students to face the world of work and the ASEAN Integration, it was recommended that a more rigid admission policy be stipulated in the state university where this study was conducted. The university must be stricter and more cautious in selecting its students, especially those who apply for a specific area of specialization.

Leonid Sobolev   

This article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of engineering education in Russia in the context of global changes in the world economy associated with the fourth industrial revolution and the task of digitalizing the economy of the Russian government. Increasing competition in all civilian sectors requires highly qualified creative engineering staff to work in innovative companies. The lag of higher (including engineering) education from world standards is becoming more noticeable and is manifested in the low positions of Russian universities in international ratings. The transition to a market form of management and integration into the global economic system require, among other things, improving the quality of higher education in Russia, which should be confirmed by higher positions of Russian universities in international ratings. The purpose of this article is to help in choosing ways to reform Russian engineering education through a critical analysis of the experience of the world's leading technical universities. Taking into account international experience, the author proposes several ways to reform Russian engineering education. First, to diversify leading engineering universities by strengthening programs in basic sciences (physics, chemistry), life sciences (medicine, bioengineering) and humanities. Second, to strengthen the research sector of engineering universities by transferring to them a part of academic and industrial research institutes. Third, the reform of engineering universities should be coordinated with the diversification and partial conversion of state defense corporations.

Zetra Hainul Putra   

This paper aims at presenting a method for comparing teachers' mathematical and didactical knowledge of rational numbers. The method is developed based on the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD) using a specific notion of dialectic between questions and answers. The initial questions and the pupils' answers are integrated into hypothetical teacher tasks (HTTs) which have been tested to Indonesian and Danish pre-service teachers (PsTs) who mostly work in pairs. In this particular study, we focus the comparative analysis on a specific case of two pairs, working on the addition and subtraction of fractions, to present the potential of the method to study teachers' collective knowledge. The findings show that the analysis through the dialectic between questions and answers provides a general picture of how the two pairs differ from formulating collective mathematical and didactical knowledge in teaching addition and subtraction of fractions. The analysis shows what directions their discussions take and how the two pairs link between their mathematical and didactical knowledge. The Indonesian pair focused their discussion exclusively on the standard procedures for adding and subtracting fractions. In contrast, the Danish pair discussed both the reasons for the pupils' error and tried to find a visual representation for teaching addition and subtraction of fraction. In addition, the findings also show that neither the Danish nor Indonesian pair considers to change fractions to decimals or to use an instrumental technique such as using a calculator to support pupils' learning of adding and subtracting fractions. An implication from this study is that the method gives a detailed picture of how the mathematical and didactical knowledge is shared and developed between two PsTs during their collective work.

Nguyen Thi Huong Lan   

Mathematics education in the 21st century is facing new problems in the real world, cultivating creative thinking skills and effective learning. In an effort to innovate teaching and learning methods to prepare for future generations with the demands of the new era, many educators have discovered the value of metacognition. Objective of the research: to understand the impact of metacognitive activities on the ability of solving math problems of students at secondary schools in Vietnam based on that, the author offers ways to practice the metacognitive skills in order to foster the problem-solving competence in math for students at this level. Research Methods: This research uses survey, descriptive studies. The tools used are structured questionnaires, learning cards, and practical and math problems. The subjects of this study are 18 students at grade 9. Research results: Although metacognition and metacognitive skills are terms that rarely appear in the awareness of junior high school students, but metacognitive skills still accompany students at this level in the process of learning math; Junior high school students still regularly practice three groups of metacognitive skills: orientation and planning skills, tracking and adjustment skills, and assessment skills in their math learning process. Through the observation process, students show skills in problem solving process. Since then, the student's math results have been improved.

Esra Saleh AlDhaen   

The Majority of Higher Education Institutes attracted international collaboration and affiliations as part of internationalization strategy. Upon hosting an academic programme, both universities must assure that the programmes are equivalent in standards, with mutual agreement upon the methodology of delivery. The purpose of this study is to share successful practices of universities that sustained hosting cross boarder academic programmes hosted by local universities with international award from the UK and USA at postgraduate level. The paper will share the method and the adapted framework to enable a long-term relationship between both HEIs, compliance with regulatory requirements, as well as addressing graduate attributes in line with both HEI's missions. This paper will also demonstrate challenges and advantages of alignment to local qualification framework to maintain the equivalency of standards that leads to a sustainable internationalization strategy. As a major conclusion, this paper will demonstrate strategic decisions that could be adapted by leaders of Higher Education Institutions, while considering International collaboration or activating an International agreement. We can analyse this by considering local regulatory requirements and alignment with National Qualification Framework as well as linking the policies and procedures to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The findings of this paper provide insights for leaders of Higher Education Institutions and regulators to align their frameworks and policies to support Internationalization.

Rita Raya   St. Suwarsosno   and Agung Lukito   

The probability is very closely related to everyday life that includes a probabilistic situation. This situation contains an element of uncertainty when someone is thinking about a problem that has various possibilities or consists of a part of luck, then that person is thinking probabilistically. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mathematical probability thinking skills of senior high school students in the response aspect with gender and mathematical abilities. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study based on five stages, namely (1) natural design, (2) descriptive data, (3) attention, (4) data processing, and (5) the main focus of research. The research was conducted at Senior High School in Jayapura, Indonesia. The research subjects were students of class XI Science. The research instrument consisted of mathematical ability test sheets, probability problem-solving tasks, interviews. The results of the investigation show that the profile of male students' probabilistic thinking on mathematical abilities in solving probability problems includes providing statistical responses in solving probability. Issue is related to the sample space (representatives formation) because it uses a combination to calculate the number of members of the sample space by providing the right reasons. Meanwhile, for women, the profile of probabilistic thinking is using several strategies in solving probability problems related to the sample space (representatives formation). Based on the investigation of the results shows that there are differences in mathematical ability between male and female students probability of problem-solving.

Faustina Roberts   Azlina Abdul Aziz   and Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore   

The use of internationally and locally published English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks is crucial to aiding in teaching and learning. However, choosing the right textbook or developing one has been known to be a challenging task. Various frameworks have, therefore, been proposed by different researchers to outline the criteria that should be taken into consideration in the process of developing, selecting, and evaluating ELT textbooks. These criteria would be the main focus of this study to improve language programmes in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the criteria that make a good ELT textbook based on the perception of seven ESL secondary school teachers in Malaysia. Face-to-face interviews have been administered to collect data, which are analysed through thematic analysis. The findings of this study have revealed eleven criteria that are deemed crucial for a good ELT textbook, which include Culture and Cultural Introduction. These eleven criteria should be taken into consideration for the selection and evaluation of ELT textbooks, as well as to develop or to supplement the existing frameworks, primarily in the teaching of English as a second language in Malaysia.

Sri Sumarni   Jumintono   Ernawati Sri Sunarsih   Waluyo   Rhahmadani Widya Putri   Taufiq Lilo Adisucipto   Fadilah Umar   Olivia Cherly Wuwung   Febri Kurnia Manoppo   Agus Setiawan   and Jamaluddin Hos   

E-learning is electronic learning and teaching and learning process that is carried out online. This study aims to see the effectiveness of E-Learning through lesson study on Building Materials Science subjects. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. This study involved 40 students in semester 1 of Class A in Science and Building Materials. Data are obtained by polling and questionnaires by providing answers to questions. Polling data were analyzed using the Rasch model, and the data questionnaire was analyzed using the Linkert scale model. The results showed that the application of e-learning through lesson study could increase the effectiveness of learning process with a value of 84.5%, which is quite useful. The effectiveness of learning process is based on considerations of quality, level of suitability, and time required. Learning materials increase students' readiness to learn to teach before learning in class. Students who are motivated to do assignments and understand eLearning learning materials can complete the learning process according to the specified time.

John Rae N. Sadera   Rianna Yvette S. Torres   and Danilo V. Rogayan. Jr.   

Science education is an essential element in thriving and surviving in a volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous, disruptive, and diverse (VUCAD²) world. This cross-sectional research determines the challenges of junior high school students in learning science. A total of 123 junior high school students from four government-owned high schools in Zambales, Philippines, served as respondents of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analyzing the data. The developed Challenges in Learning Science Questionnaire (CLSQ) was used as the primary data gathering tool (α=0.95). Results revealed that junior high school students generally encounter not much challenges across all domains in learning science (M=2.06). However, based on the qualitative data, students encounter some issues and problems in learning the subject in terms of student motivation, student cognitive ability, teacher characteristics, subject matter content, medium of instruction, learning environment, instructional resources, curriculum and parental support. The t-test comparison revealed that male students encounter more challenges in terms of instructional resources and parental support compared to their female counterparts. The proposed action plan is crafted to minimize further the challenges encountered by the students in learning science. The teachers may consider varied and innovative pedagogical practices to explain better complex and complicated topics for better Science learning in a VUCAD² world.

Nina Tverezovska   Maryna Rebenko   Victor Rebenko   Maxim Roganov   Tamara Otroshko   Victoriia Domina   Oleksandra Islamova   and Ihor Bloshchynskyi   

The conducted research reveals the efficacy of a mind-mapping training technique within the English for Specific Purposes university course. The study aims at assessing the influence of mind maps on the students' motivation and language academic performance. To achieve the objective, it became relevant to study the step-by-step educational development of a university entrant, junior student and, then, a graduate as the result of practicing mind-mapping activities in classes. To accomplish the research tasks successfully it was necessary to apply the following methods: observation research, questioning, testing, output data calculating, modelling, foreseen data checking. The methods of statistical analysis, namely: data correlation, factor analysis, consequent implication, and content analysis were chosen. The three-stage experiment was fulfilled within the 2016–2018 academic years at the Faculty of Computer Sciences and Cybernetics (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine) and encompassed three groups of participants namely, the university entrants, the students of the first and fourth years of study. The research results show foreign language academic proficiency enhancement. The data prove that the respondents from the experimental research groups (in contrast to the control groups' outcomes) considered mind-mapping activities interesting and engaging. Such a learning motivation boost is due to the participants' associative, spatial and geometric thinking ability activation. Further investigation correlating students' motivation and mind maps' content is needed to facilitate the English for Specific Purposes university training.

Muhammad Fahmi Johan Syah   Sharul Effendy Janudin   Mahaliza Mansor   and Harsono   

This systematic literature review paper explores the importance of embedding accounting teachers' professional identity concept in the Indonesian education system particularly in teacher education. The Indonesian government is still struggling to enhance teacher professionalism; thus, many training pieces have been developed to overcome teachers' low quality. However, the teacher's competency in Indonesia is still behind the other countries implied in the PISA score, indicating a missing link in teacher education. The professional identity has attracted scholars in various fields to define the meaning of professional identity and develop it in an individual. The particular definition of accounting teacher professional identity is still not studied. Therefore, exploring previous studies in professional identity to identify teacher professional identity is needed. In the accounting teacher context, the paper proposes to combine two professional identity formations from teacher and accountant. By reviewing both fields, the concept of accounting professional identity and the development is drawn. This paper will discuss accounting teachers' identity that may be a new solution for the teacher education program, especially in accounting. In short, developing professional identity in accounting teachers needs to be done in three stages (pre-service, beginner, and experienced teachers). Every step has unique identities, but all phases need community involvement to ensure professional identity is formatted.

Asha Sasi   and Anju A. R   

A descriptive survey was conducted to assess the correlation between study habits and academic achievements among high school pupils, in a nominated school at Alappuzha District, Kerala. Disproportionate stratified random selection was used to pick out 180 high school pupils. Information was collected by using the socio demographic questionnaire, Modified M. Mukhopadhaya's and D. N. Sansanwal's study habits inventory and the review of previous year progress reports. The data were tabulated and examined by means of descriptive and inferential measurements. The findings shown that the total mean score in study habits was 78.81 with SD 20.26 and the total mean score of academic achievements was 65.58 with SD 14.13. The calculated Karl Pearson correlation coefficient ‘r' value (0.808) was greater than the table value (0.191) and the degree of freedom 178 at p<0.01 level of significance, indicating that there was a substantial positive correlation between Study Habits & the Academic Achievements of high school pupils. Hence, the study judged that a rise in study habits score will also raise the academic achievement score among high school pupils.

Yan-Hong Ye   and Yi-Huang Shih   

Taiwan's 12-Year Basic Education, which was implemented in 2014, claims that primary and secondary school teachers must promote their professional development to improve students' learning. This study analyzes existing literature to achieve the following research aims: 1. To understand the connotations of professional development for teachers and the current situation in Taiwan, and to analyze the planning strategy for professional development for teachers after the implementation of the 12-Year Basic Education in Taiwan. 2. To analyze the main issues with the professional development of teachers in Taiwan after the implementation of the 12-Year Basic Education. 3. To analyze the main strategies to promote the professional development of primary and secondary school teachers after the implementation of the 12-Year Basic Education. Using a literature review, this study explores the direction and implications of professional development for teachers in Taiwan, the issues that affect teacher professional development after the implementation of Taiwan's 12-Year Basic Education and proposes strategies for professional development of primary and secondary school teachers. The recommended strategies for promoting the professional development of teachers are: (1) establishment of teacher professional standards and pre-service teacher professional literacy, (2) use of international surveys as a guide, (3) strengthening the effectiveness of educational leadership and (4) implementation of the Teacher Professional Development Support System.

Tulus Musthofa   and Faiq Ilham Rosyadi   

This article discusses the actualization of Skinner's behavioral theory in relation to learning Arabic speaking skills. The object of research is the book Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran by Baharudin and Esa in 2015. This book is the main reference in studying learning theories. This study aims to describe the actualization of behavioral theory in learning Arabic speaking skills at the madrasah aliyah level. This research is a library research using a descriptive analysis method. The theory used in this research is Skinner's behavioral theory, which views that learning is a change in behavior caused by a stimulus. This theory needs to get a new offer in its actualization; this is because the learning process is still fixed on the factors of mere cognitive ability. The research technique used in this study is data collection techniques through exploration and research of book sources or journal articles or sources of writing related to the object of this research. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the actualization of behavioral theory in learning Arabic speaking skills can be done by applying bi'ah lughawiyah (Arabic environment), increasing the use of Arabic as a means of communication, and the use of interactive media in the learning process.

K. K. Sunalini   Ch. Jyostna Kumari   and P. Venkata Ramana   

The purpose of this research is to analyze how the learners utilize social media to acquire English language. The strategies they employ during the process of language acquisition are a combination of cognitive and meta-cognitive skills. It is an assumption that the social media like Whats App, Face book, Instagram and Twitter are meant for entertainment; however the present survey predicts that the second (English) language can be acquired through the intervention of social media. As long as the students are in the classroom, they take the instructions from language trainers where learning becomes a procedural practice. Once the students find their personal time at home, they browse social media for various reasons like entertainment, knowledge, information and so on. In the present study, the learners' strategies inside and outside the classroom are surveyed based on the mechanism developed by three language researchers namely, J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot and Rebecca L Oxford. Their propositions are applied to a sample of 108 first Semester. Engineering graduates of Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation. The impact of social media on the students is examined by administering a questionnaire through Google forms. Language learning enhances if the students are allowed to operate their mobile phones in the campus. It is understood from the present investigation that language can be learnt implicitly and involuntarily through self -directed learning skills by using social media. The findings reflect that the receptive and productive language skills of the students are enhanced when they explore social media.

Ana Žnidarec Čučković   and Sofija Vrcelj   

A series of studies show the positive effects of physical education (PE) on students' development, the effective functioning of the school and school systems. Stead and Neville [12] highlight the positive effects of PE teaching on academic achievement, cognitive function, classroom behavior, psychological and social effects, and motivation for school. This understanding of the PE concept is not limited to the curriculum [7] but also refers to the aspect of children's thinking about the subject and the inclusion of cultural trends [2] in society. It is implicitly and explicitly based on orientation towards positive effects from a student's perspective [9]. Bailey [1] presented the results of PE's contribution to student development in the physical, affective, social, and cognitive domains of life. The potential of PE is evident from the contribution to the development of each of these domains, especially to the extent that young people feel connected to the school, the amount of positive social behavior within the school, and the development of skills that make them an active citizen. Generally speaking, consistent participation in physical activity is associated with a longer and better quality of life, with a reduction in the risk of illness along with the psychological and emotional benefits that physical activity provides. The particular relevance of PE to society today is based on specific physical activity opportunities and experience gained through exercise, play, and sports. This paper compares contemporary PE concepts, focused on the quality and standards of the PE curriculum. The purpose of this research is to compare national curricula of teaching PE on the primary education level as a basis for the determination of the status of this content in PE. Comparative analysis was used as a method on a sample of 27 official countries in the European Union. The obtained data provide a regional and individual national picture of PE in schools of EU countries, especially when looking at the findings of state bodies, although they do not detect all the problems that exist in practice. What contemporary research reveals, however, are congruent features in several areas of directing school policy toward PE and undoubtedly in some specific areas of practice.

Ghulam Safdar   Abdur Rauf   Rahman Ullah   and Atif Ur Rehman   

The spark of Covid-19 spread in the world in the start of 2020. When it destroyed other segments of social life, it also impacted education negatively. The closure of educational institutes raised question mark on stakeholders in this age of technological advancement. When other counties of the world adopted alternative ways of education, Pakistan also adopted the policy of online education using available technological resources. The objective of the study was to explore the students' experience of online learning and satisfaction level among them. Using survey method to get the views of students studying in Foundation University of Islamabad, researchers designed well structure simple and easy to understand questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 23 close-ended questions and was distributed via email and Whatsapp groups designed by departments of the university. In the period of two weeks, n=273 students responded to the questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that in online learning comfortability with computer usage, self-motivation, confidence and time spending on computer significant correlate to quality education and lead to better educational understanding while getting online education. The study concluded that students found satisfied with online learning. Familiarity with technological tools found positive aspect for students to get online education easily.

Le Thai Bao Thien Trung   Tang Minh Dung   Nguyen Thi Nga   and Vuong Vinh Phat   

In 2017, the change of exam format from the constructed-response test to the multiple-choice test of the Mathematics National High School Exam in Vietnam has many conflicting opinions. In this context, the article examines the compatibility between the Calculus content (accounting for the largest proportion) in this exam and the current curriculum requirement. In the Anthropological Theory of Didactics framework, we model the math content in the exam and the teaching by mathematical praxeologies. This study uses two methods: (1) comparative analysis of mathematical praxeology in the exam and current textbooks; (2) experiment with a modified version of the types of math tasks identified in the test. The first method identifies new types of tasks in the exam but does not appear in textbooks; the second shows that answering multiple-choice questions does not guarantee that students fully understand the Calculus concepts. On the other hand, the multiple-choice test may not be enough to assess the students' competence in the new mathematics curriculum in 2018.

Imam Muslimin   

Academic supervision is a part of teachers' professional duties which is essential in improving the quality of education. In fact, its implementation still experiences many issues that a continuous evaluation is highly demanded. The study aims to reveal the barriers of academic supervision in Indonesia and suggests an ideal supervision model under the perspectives of pre-service supervisors. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires given to 40 pre-service supervisors. Then, direct interviews with ten of them through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were made. The data were analyzed qualitatively. After collecting the questionnaires, the researcher qualitatively analyzed the answers in essential points, according to their respective categories and themes. For data validation, the researcher selected ten of them to discuss in the Focus Discussion Group (FGD). After the validation, the researcher distributed them back to the participants to rank them from extremely important to the less important ones. The items with the score of over 70% were proceeded. Finally, the results revealed that academic supervision in Indonesia has many practical issues. Finally, this research provides some effective strategies to resolve them.

Lathipah Hasanah   Mohamad Syarif Sumantri   Nurbiana Dhieni   and Nopiana   

The objective of the research is to explain the process and learning outcomes in utilizing role play which can improve gender identity in play group, Bekasi with child research subject amounting of 15 people. The data analysis technique used in this research was a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was conducted on data collected through field note, observer sheet action, interview note, and documentation record. Analysis of quantitative data used a calculation of how much percentage increase gender identity after the action through using role playing activities. The implementation process of learning using role playing activities both of teacher and children showed an increase. In the first cycle of learning with a teacher, it had undertaken the percentage rate which reached 50.7% and 81.8% in the second cycle. Based on the quantitative research data, the qualitative research data showed that learning using role playing activities might improve introduction of gender identity aged 3-4 years old. The implication of this research is, process for early childhood learning, especially introduction of gender identity should use the role-playing activities, giving motivation, giving stimulation, giving example, and giving problems.

Domenic T. Sanchez   Larry B. Peconcillo Jr.   Rumuela L. Wong   Emerson D. Peteros   and Julie Anne T. Godinez   

The K-12 curriculum prepares students with the technical knowledge and skills requirements for various opportunities of the 21st century, thus exploring the identified profile variables and the perception of the Technical Drawing competencies in preparation for the Technical Vocational training courses intended for respondents. A descriptive method approach was employed, and a close-ended type of questionnaire to gather data from Grade 9 student respondents selected using random sampling. The findings reveal a significant relationship between some of the students' perceptions of technical drawing competencies and the identified profile variables, such as the students' perception of the adequacy of strongly linked facilities to mensuration, freehand drawing, lettering, construct geometric figures and construct pictorial drawing competencies. Gender is well associated with freehand drawing, specifically among female respondents, while the final grade was correlated with their perception of freehand drawing and mensuration competencies. The result led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. However, some of the competencies which have no significant relationship with the identified profile variables according to the perception of the respondents could be an interesting gap to conduct further research to those who are currently taking the technical drawing as the Grade 7 and 8 students for a different set of perceptions of same competencies. Students' perception of competencies is considered vital to efficiently enhance the teaching methodologies, content, and logistics necessary to deliver Technical Drawing learning competencies.

Muthoifin   and Nuha   

The purpose of this study is to find a general description of mahfudzat book, the core or content of Islamic education contained in mahfudzat and values contained in mahfudzat based on the Islamic perspective. The methods used are library research, and qualitative type, the approach used content analysis, descriptive, inductive, normative, and literature genetic structuralism approach. The general description of mahfudzat book includes several remarks of the Prophet, Companions of the Prophet, verses of wisdom, and ulama's guidance and poets. The discussion began with a general theme of advice for teachers, various Arabic proverbs, its principles, and closed with practice exercises. The core of the book discussion consists of three chapters. The first is about education, the second is about manners, the third is about social ethics. The total number of mahfudzat in this book is ninety two proverbs. While the Islamic values education contains five aspects of education, namely aqidah (creed) education, knowledge, amaliyah (deeds), morals, and social. Applications. This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students as a reference and textbook in learning. The contribution of this study resulted in finding five values education, namely aqidah (creed) education aims to nurture human beings always to strengthen faith and purify their souls. Science education, to uphold human dignity. Amaliyah (deeds) education aims to teach human beings to behave and think positively. Moral education to guide human beings to be patient and humble and social education aims to educate human beings to establish communication among others.

Wiryanto   and Sugi Hartono   

Early childhood education management aims to make the organization's management work well. One of the indicators of good early childhood education management is to provide effective services for early childhood education. In its development, we must know some factors in the management of early childhood education institutions to create the qualified generations. This article aims at analyzing the factor that plays a role in the success of the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) management in the globalization era. The method in this study is a cross sectional research accomplished by Multiple Regression Analysis which involved 50 PAUD staffs in Mojokerto city, East Java, Indonesia. The measuring technique in this research is questionnaire, a technique used to get the data by distributing questionnaire arranged by the researcher according to the purpose of the study. Closed test questions with five options are used in this research. The result shows that there was a partially significant influence on the entire independent variables: curriculum, standard of competence, educator, facilities and infrastructure. Facilities and infrastructure variables had the highest beta as many as 33.7%, which showed the dominant influence toward the success of PAUD management. Thus, all factors of this model in this research showed that influenced the success of PAUD management.

Khaidir Rahman Nasir   Marji   Syamsul Hadi   Hary Suswanto   and Didik Nurhadi   

Extracurricular activities are an organization that fosters student leadership potential and cannot be separated from the roles of other people in everyday life, without people who are willing to work together and encourage them to become leaders. All abilities, skills, potentials, and talents that exist within each student will not be able to appear and develop optimally. For students and coaches who have not been able to foster leadership attitudes in students so that teachers need to act as facilitators in all things that can foster student leadership attitudes in schools. The purpose of this study was to determine teacher leadership to develop student leadership potential through the activities of vocational school student organizations in Indonesia. This type of research is a multi-site study with a qualitative approach. The number of informants was 30 people consisting of extracurricular guidance teachers, heads of extracurricular organizations, and deputy principals of student affairs at State Vocational Schools in Tulungagung Regency, East Java Province. Data collection techniques are observation and in-depth interviews using questions that have been compiled. The data obtained will be analyzed using content and subject triangulation. The findings of this study indicate that teacher leadership that is implemented in extracurricular activities to foster student leadership potential is an independent, creative, communicative attitude, social spirit, cooperation, and decision making and honesty on the responsibilities so that they become perfect leaders.

Najihah Marha Yaacob   Najib Majdi Yaacob   and Roziani Ali   

The Fieldwork Introductory Financial Accounting [FIFA] approach was introduced to resolve the problem of lack of understanding of basic financial accounting among accounting students with no background in accounting for the Financial Accounting 1 (FAR 110) course. The FIFA approach stemmed from the initiative of the teaching lecturers to enhance students' understanding of the most significant and elementary accounting knowledge: (i) identification and classification of accounting elements (assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses & equities), and (ii) sources of documents. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of the FIFA approach in enhancing students' understanding throughout an introductory financial accounting course. A total of 79 students participated in this study, and were divided into 2 groups; the treatment group and the control group. The experimental design using a non-randomised control group pre-test-post-test design was utilised. This study revealed that the FIFA approach significantly enhanced the students' understanding of the most significant elementary accounting knowledge, which comprises identification and classification of accounting elements and sources of documents. The findings are expected to benefit higher-education institutions, particularly accounting academics and curriculum coordinators when performing Accounting-curriculum revision so as to embed the FIFA approach in their introductory accounting courses. Moreover, the results of this study are expected to encourage countless educators to incorporate more learning activities associated with the active-learning approach and pedagogies beyond the four walls, which could boost students' knowledge and skills. The findings of this study also provide evidence on how real-world exposure is vital in order to facilitate accounting knowledge and understanding.

Salman Sahud Alotaibi   

This research paper aims to examine and evaluate co-relationship between the academic self-motivation and the mathematical thinking among secondary school students in Al-Sulail and Wadi Al-Dawassir Governorates, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the study is to find out the role of self-efficacy in learning mathematical concepts and skills. It is assumed that math self-concept affects math performance both directly and indirectly. For the assessment of this assumption, data were collected by using a questionnaire for academic self-motivation, and a test for measuring the mathematical thinking of the subjects. The tools were applied to secondary school students and distributed electronically to a number of 254 students. Out of the total participants, 238 students responded to the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SSPS software. Based on the overall results and the discussion of this research, it was concluded that academic self-motivation and mathematical thinking have either less dependence or no dependence at all. This outcome is based on the analysis of the study sample.

Danuri   Nur Khoiru Nisa Hanifah   Padrul Jana   and Romelan Hamzah   

Due to the limited Student Worksheets (SW) that are specific to the aspect of understanding concepts encourage the need for breakthroughs to develop them. This study aims to produce teaching materials as student worksheets with Problem Based Learning (PBL) on the understanding of mathematics concepts in grade VII students and describe the quality of SW based on aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The SW development model uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The SW that is developed must meet the following criteria: valid, practical, and effective. The results of the validity assessment of the material and media experts and the assessment of teachers in schools obtained an average score of 4.23 (maximum score of 5.0) with excellent criteria. The practicality aspect is stated based on the questionnaire of students' responses when learning takes place with an average score obtained at 3.30 (maximum score of 4.0) with a good category. Then, the effective criteria are shown from the results of the students' mathematical concept ability tests through the problem description, which consists of seven indicators of understanding mathematical concepts. Obtained a score of each indicator 64.5; 82.0; 75.0; 92.7; 86.4; 65.6; and 63.5 shows that each indicator has a good category above. So based on the results of aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness shows that SW with PBL in terms of understanding mathematical concepts can be applied in students' learning at school. This SW is expected to have a positive contribution to improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts in school.

Ruangdech Sirikit   Panwasn Mahalawalert   and Vetcharit Angganapattarakajorn   

The objectives of this research were 1) to study effects of student characteristic variables and educational institution characteristic variables on the quality assessment of mathematics study management at primary school of countries achieving high test scores, i.e. Singapore, South Korea, and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and 2) to compare similarities and differences of student characteristic variables and educational institution characteristic variables on the quality assessment of mathematics study management in Singapore, South Korea, and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The data used in this research are secondary data from the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). The data were collected from 4,669 students across 100 schools in the Republic of Korea, 6,517 students across 100 schools in Singapore and 3,600 students across 100 schools in Hong Kong. The three steps taken for data analysis are as follows – 1) To analyze descriptive statistics 2) To estimate the ability of students from the assessment of their mathematics proficiency using IRTPRO program; 3) To analyze variables affecting student and school with Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) and two levels of analysis. The findings from the study revealed that 1. The proportion of all variances explained for variables or coefficient of prediction (R²) indicated Singapore's coefficient of prediction at a student level was 0.2750 (27.50%) and at a school level was 0.7250 (72.50%). Republic of Korea's coefficient of prediction at a student level was 0.2183 (21.83%) and at a school level was 0.6288 (62.88%), the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region's coefficient of prediction at a student level was 0.1477 (14.77%) and at a school level was 0.4482 (44.82%). 2. Multi-level analysis of student-level variables found that 7 variables affecting the quality of mathematics study management. Namely, 3 countries had 2 variables, 2 countries had 4 variables, and 1 country had 1 variable. As for multi-level analysis of educational-level variables, it was found that 5 variables affecting the quality of mathematics study management. Namely, 2 countries had 1 variable and 1 country had 4 variables.

Suwardi   Suyatno   and Suharsimi Arikunto   

Academic supervision is one of several activities carried out to ensure the quality of a teaching process in a classroom. However, the implementation of academic supervision faces some problems, such as the principal's and teachers' lack of competencies. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of the collaborative academic supervision model of a principal and senior teacher to improve teachers' academic supervision competence. The collaboration includes several activities, such as training and practice of academic supervision. The research belongs to experimental research with a pre-experimental design using one group pretest-posttest design. The data were taken using a questionnaire, observation, and a series of tests. They were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, as well as the descriptive statistic technique. The results show that the collaborative supervision model improves the junior teachers' academic supervision competence. It is evident in the higher score obtained in the posttest, compared to the pretest. The mean score posttest is 82.50, which increases significantly from the pretest mean score, 59.00. The findings prove that the collaboration between principal and senior teachers in conducting academic supervision helps the junior teachers to improve their competence. The research recommended the necessity of collaborative supervision between the principal and the senior teachers to enhance academic supervisory competencies.

Habasisa Molise   

This paper investigated challenges affecting learners' academic performance in a Grade 10 economics class. Studies confirm that economics, as a subject, deals with real-life issues, and it needs to be taught such a way that learners can find connection between the content they learn in the class and prior-learning experiences. The study was qualitative, with 30 participants selected from one rural school in the Thabo Mofutsanyane education district. Focus group interviews were used to gather in-depth information regarding the challenges affecting learner academic performance in economics. The data were then analysed and various themes were identified responding to the research question. Finally, the study revealed the following findings: teachers and learners have to be motivated continuously; parents could assist in monitoring learners' work, and professional development workshops should be made available for teachers. The findings suggest that continuous professional development opportunities and support should be given to economics teachers to ensure quality teaching. The teaching and learning of economics should incorporate learners' real-life experiences in order to enhance their understanding on the content learnt in the class through the use of learner-centred strategies.

Ilangkumaran S/O Sivanadhan   and Shoveena Priya D/O Thiagu   

The aim of this study is to analyze and improve the essay writing skills of form 4 students by using the Four-Phase Technique. This study identifies problems faced by students cum respondents and then improvises their essay writing skill with the use of the Four-Phase Technique. The researchers have used a combination of both qualitative and simple quantitative method in this study. This study was conducted in a secondary national school located in Hutan Melintang, Perak. A total of ten students cum respondents were involved in this study. Study tools included questionnaires, interviews, pre-tests and post-tests. Special activities were carried out for six weeks to improvise the essay writing skill of the respondents. The result of a comparative analysis of pre-test and post-test shows that the respondents gained an average mark of 80-100, compared with their previous average marks of 40-59. Hence, this study proves that the Four-Phase Technique has helped to improve the essay writing skill of the students.

Eze Blessing Ngozi   Onah Bernadine Ifeoma   Ezenma Bernard Chimezie   Chiamogu Chiakonam Charles   Chilaka Akuchinyere Eunice   Uzoegwu Chigozie Roseann   and Asogwa Angela Nkechinyelugo   

This study is on evaluation of a developed Intelligent Tutor system for learning Robotic programming course in Tertiary Institutions South East, Nigeria. 2 research questions guided the study and 1 hypothesis were formulated. This developed ITS followed Research and Development (R&D) design based on the theoretical foundation of Iterative life cycle model. The population of the study is 120 students and three schools were used. 120 students also formed the population that was used to evaluate the ITS. The total sampling techniques was used while the reliabilities of instrumensts were tested with cronbach-alpha coeffiecient. Result gotten is 0.89. mean answered the research questions and Anova tested the hypothesis that guided the study. Furthermore, the findings on hypothesis tested shows the no significance differences in the responses of second year students of tertiary institutions selected for the study on their learning experiences using the developed Intelligent Tutor System. It was recommended that the developed tutor should be adopted by teachers in computing disciplines for effective use in classroom teaching. Teachers should engage students in practical use of the developed ITS in teaching Robotics programmming courses for increased learner motivation and performance.

Suntonrapot Damrongpanit   

The objectives included examining the mediation role of growth mindset as the causal model of the factors affecting mathematics learning outcomes of 514 ninth grade students who were measured by the national standardized scores rubric. Two models with a relationship structure of two different variables were compared: (model A) the model without a growth mindset; and the growth mindset as the mediating variable as (model B). The research tools comprised of 1) Questionnaires on factors of Growth Mindset, Achievement Motivation, Attitude towards Mathematics, Mathematical Self-Efficacy, Background Knowledge, and Mathematical Achievement with a five-point Likert scale pattern, and 2) Mathematics Aptitude test. The obtained data was analyzed by Path and Mediation analysis with Mplus 7.4 program. It was concluded that the model with a Growth Mindset as a mediating variable between factors and mathematics grades was most consistent with empirical data. The background knowledge had the highest indirect and total effect, while mathematical aptitude had the most direct effect on mathematics learning outcomes. Additionally, the growth mindset was statistically significant and had a positive direct effect on mathematics learning outcomes. All factors in the model were jointly able to explain the variance in mathematics learning outcomes by 82.90%. It also revealed that growth mindset played a role as a partial mediation in achievement motivation, mathematics background knowledge and particularly in mathematics aptitude. Therefore, the growth mindset did not only influence Mathematics learning outcomes but it also had the positive relationship linking to each key factors that helped promote students to have better performance.

Fauziya Sametova   Enipa Muktarova   Nazym Ozekbayeva   Assima Ryskulbekova   and Kairbek Alimbetov   

The modern period of educational development characterizes various attempts in higher quality and adequate result provision. Having acquired the modernized educational paradigm, our academic community placed personality development through communication under the focus of primary research. The relevance of the problem is that those future teachers are required to conduct a dialogue. The competency-based concept claims for professionally ready specialists who are capable of arguing in the academic field. The purpose of the article is to develop the ability to conduct reasoned discourse. In this sense, and under the circumstances of the current development of Kazakhstani society, it is inevitable to form the ability to conduct argumentative discourse as a crucial element for future teachers. Nowadays, modern foreign language teachers must have basic language knowledge and skills and upgrade teaching methods and techniques. That is why modern foreign language teachers need to develop intercultural communicative competence using all types of dialogical speech. There is the necessity of investigating the terms "discourse" "argumentative discourse" to create argumentation methods. This article examines the theoretical aspects of investigations on the themes discourse. Also, there is a summary of the argumentative discourse investigations as one of the available kinds of oral discourse.

Hazlina Abdullah   Azni Mohamed Zain   Nursyuhada’ Ab Wahab   Mohd Muzhafar Idrus   and Mas Rynna Wati Ahmad   

Writing is described by many cognitive psychologists as one of the most complex intellectual activities undertaken by humans. Therefore, it is not surprising that students find it difficult to deal with writing tasks. They often feel anxious about how to write and reach the targeted words—a situation known as ‘writer's block'. This paper describes how the process approach of writing can be used by teachers to assist students in completing a writing exercise. A case study of the implementation of process writing in English for Academic Purposes course at a tertiary institution in Malaysia is presented to illustrate the positive outcome of the process writing approach. The systematic research-based curriculum used in this course allows the authors to observe the process and progress made by the participants in this study. It includes an in-depth discussion on the non-linear and cyclical features of writing, and how the process writing approach can make writing a more flexible, adaptable and enjoyable operation as it allows ample time for intervention procedures, the writing of multiple drafts, audience feedback and delayed attention to editing—to lower students' writer's block. The ability of students to work through their writer's block in stages, enables the teachers to guide them into a step-by-step production of writing through this process.

Nur Salina Ismail   Nor Mazlina Abu Bakar   and Sharifah Wajihah Wafa Syed Saadun Tarek Wafa   

Since the announcement of the movement control order (MCO) to help curb the spread of COVID-19 virus, education institutions across the nation have taken great measures to ensure that their students can continue learning through digital means. Hence, academicians and students have to start setting their mind that they have to adapt new learning processes that do not allow physical meetings. This has raised concerns on how students are to cope with this new online learning environment since they come from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the challenges faced by university students when implementing online learning during pandemic COVID-19. A preliminary online study is conducted among 542 students in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Malaysia (UniSZA) to investigate the challenges and problems they may face adapting with the new "norm". The findings indicated that the majority of the students are not ready for online learning as the main challenge faced is low internet access to enable them for online learning. The findings from this study have benefitted the university management in making prompt and effective decisions concerning the implementation of remote learning during the pandemic. In order to get the full benefit of online learning, a concerted effort is needed from many as to provide this structure and go beyond replicating a physical class/lecture.

Zulaikha Khairuddin   Nik Nur Athirah Nik Mohd Arif   and Zurina Khairuddin   

The current demand of education has changed the teaching and learning processes from traditional face-to-face learning to online distance learning (ODL). This study aims to explore students' readiness in experiencing ODL. This study utilised quantitative approach to obtain the data. The instrument used was questionnaire with seven sections. The questionnaire was distributed to the Diploma and Bachelor's Degree students from public and private universities. The data were analysed using SPSS v 25 software and presented in the tables in the form of means, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Based on the results, there is a significant difference between students of different levels of education in terms of their readiness to undergo ODL. The six aspects of ODL readiness significantly determine how ready the students were in terms of availability of technology, use of technology, self-confidence, acceptance, self-directed learning, and training. It can be concluded that most of students seemed to be unsure whether they were ready to experience ODL in the aspects of the availability of technology and their acceptance to learn through ODL. Other than that, the students are almost ready in adapting themselves to go through ODL. The significant stakeholders such as, universities, faculties and educators need to have better understanding of students' readiness to undergo ODL and be prepared to experience more of ODL.

Nor Azikin Mohd Omar   Zailani Jusoh   and Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma   

The global pandemic COVID-19 has halted all face-to-face educational meetings and shut down academic institutions. Educational activities, are therefore, undertaken remotely at the safe comfort of individuals' home. This unprecedented situation calls for a research on university students' perceptions and their readiness for comprehensive online instructions. Thus, this study primarily aims to investigate these issues further. The questionnaire was distributed to the students in higher institutions in Malaysia through the link of Google Form. Findings indicated that students' readiness for online learning is not optimal, and they require a lot of support from universities and lecturers in areas of financial assistance, internet accessibility, timely feedback on assessments and constant academic engagement. However, there is an indication that suggests students studying at research universities (RUs) have more positive perceptions towards online instructions, than those in non-research universities (NRUs) - which might be due to RUs' better establishment of learning facilities, equipment, resources and pedagogical approaches. In ensuring continuity of learning amidst this trying time, the pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning must change. All stakeholders from practitioners, students, parents and families, government and private sectors, education markets, academic institutions and the public at large must be responsible and contribute to realising the best possible online learning environment for the current and future generation of learners.

Vijayaletchumy Subramaniam   and Nadia Shuhada Abdan Nasir   

This research is conducted to examine the problem of letters reversal among dyslexic pupils. The purpose of this study is to describe the multisensory therapy to solve the problem. The study sample consisted of ten dyslexic pupils from Malaysia Dyslexia Association at Ampang, Kuala Lumpur who have serious letters reversal problems. In this study, the researcher limited the problem to reversal of letters of similar shape, namely /b/, /d/, /p/, /q/, /m/, /w/, /n/ and /u/ based on Levinson's Dyslexia Theory Syndrome (1994). In addition, a multisensory approach is used to solve the problem. This research uses observation, interviews and questionnaires methods. The research tools used are questionnaires and field notes. The results show that all the subjects in this study had the letter reversal problem of the eight letters, but the types of the letters that were reversed are different depending on the individuals. To solve this problem, the researchers developed ten therapies using multisensory approach and found that all of the therapies were able to solve the problem of letters reversal among the subjects. Through this research, teachers and parents can know the type of letters reversal among dyslexic pupils. This study also helps educators and parents plan appropriate and effective activities in solving the problem of the letters reversal that faced by their pupils and their children.

Viktoriya Vladislavovna Vetrinskaya   Nataliia Vladimirovna Poliakova   and Veronika Petrovna Shabanova   

Our research aims to distinguish the types of motivation that are especially significant for undergraduate students and how authentic video materials foster the development of these types of motivation. Sample for the research was 67 undergraduate students from two Moscow universities – from MRSU (31 students) and from RUDN (36 students). The experiment was carried out in the autumn term of the 2019-2020 academic year. In the course of the research, a survey of students was conducted to identify the most significant factors contributing to an increase in the motivation of learning activities. According to the results of the survey, for senior undergraduate students, the opportunity to plan their learning activities independently acquires the greatest value. The creation of a favourable emotional environment in the classroom and adequate assessment of students are important but not determining factors in the development of motivation. The implementation of innovative pedagogical technologies and psychological and pedagogical support of the learning process are equally important for the formation of motivation. As part of the study, authentic professional video materials were selected and techniques for working with them were developed. The developed materials can be used for teaching language for specific purposes in the areas of Pedagogy, Economics, and Management. Students note that the use of the foreign language being studied in real situations of professional communication is the leading motivational factor. The participation of students in the film making process encourages the development of social and communicative competencies, prepares them for future professional activity.

Hamidah Yusof   Nor Hasimah Ramelan   Mohd Asri Mohd Noor   and Mahaliza Mansor   

Teacher leadership is gaining momentum in the school improvement program nowadays. School reformation depends on teacher leaders' ability to implement new approaches and help colleagues develop their skills, values, and expertise. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate the teacher leadership instrument to measure the aspect of value using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which has 31 items. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for the Social sciences version 22 and Structural Equation Modelling version 20.0. This study was administered to 320 teachers in 19 secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using questionnaires. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) yielded a 29 items three-factor model termed as Being a Consultant (PR), Fostering a Cooperation Culture (MBK), and Leading the Teaching and Learning Process (PPdP). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded 17 items demonstrating three factors that achieved the model fit index, with Chi-squared/degree of freedom (Chisq/df) = 2.541, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.934, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.944; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070. The composite reliability and average variance extracted of the domains ranged from 0.54 to 0.57 and 0.85 to 0.89. The study found that the instrument is valid and reliable in measuring the values aspect of teacher leadership models. This model's development can have a huge impact on teachers' leadership training through the teachers' professionalism improvement programs.

Muljono Damopolii   M. Yusuf T.   Muhammad Shabir U.   and Kamsinah   

Guiding involves verbal communication interactions and engages in complex cognitive aspects. The cognitive deviation between individuals during the guidance process of writing academic papers is a determining factor as well as differentiates the results of guiding. This study aimed to study the effects of academic procrastination on the scientific guidance process at the Postgraduate Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the quantitative data, and the descriptive qualitative data were analyzed using a responsive evaluation model developed by Robert Stake, which covered three main phases; antecedents, transactions, and outcomes. The research instruments were questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire used three aspects of procrastination standardized by Tuckman. Those three aspects were developed into 35 items of procrastination statements with answer choices using the Five-Point of Likert Scale; always, often, sometimes, rarely, and never. While semi structured-interview was used to gain additional data related to the students' writing academic guidance process. The research finding indicated that the academic procrastination on academic guidance was moderate so that the quality of students' academic works was relatively low. Therefore, The students' academic procrastination and the imperfect formal flow of guidance affect academic guidance process not run optimally. This study recommends that Postgraduate UIN Alauddin Makassar should compile guidelines for the writing of scientific papers that are applied exclusively to the needs of the guidance and reporting of scientific papers.

Luis M. Dos Santos   

South Korea is one of the popular destinations for international students to achieve their education. In 2019, due to the development of the Study Korea Project, more than 160 thousand international students were studying at one of the Korean colleges and universities. Due to sociocultural differences (in language, religion, race, and nationality), international students often encounter difficulties caused by discrimination, bias, and stigma during their time in Korea. In other words, while classrooms may be ready for the enrolment of additional international students, local communities, support services, and residents are not. Based on the Social Stigma approach, the researcher collected qualitative interview data of 99 international students from China, Vietnam, Mongolia, Japan and the United States, who are majoring in nursing about their sense-making process and the experiences in Korea. The finding indicated that almost all participants experienced discrimination due to their foreign status, skin colour, language, nationality, and place of origin insides and outsides of the university environment. Furthermore, all expressed negative academic and living experiences in the region and will leave the region once they completed their education. The results demonstrate the necessity for various parties in Korea, including school leaders, government agencies, policymakers, faculty heads, and NGOs, to rethink and reform the country's approach to attracting international students.

Relly Prihatin   I Nyoman Sudana Degeng   Ery Tri Djatmika   and Dedi Kuswandi   

Teacher competence is influenced by internal and external factors. Indicators of the low quality of education above, cannot be separated from the lack of professionalism of teachers, because teachers are an important component in the administration of education; in other words, the teacher is at the forefront in the implementation of education. It is the teacher who deals directly with students to transfer knowledge and technology while educating with positive values through guidance and example. The subjects in this study were elementary school teachers in the city of Bima Indonesia, who were both civil servants and honorary teachers. The instrument to be used in the study was divided into two namely questionnaires in the form of questionnaires and tests. Based on the results of hypothesis testing shows that internal factors have a significant positive effect on the competence of elementary school / elementary school teachers in Bima City, testing the hypothesis shows that external factors have a significant positive effect on the competence of elementary school / elementary school teachers in the City of Bima and the results of the F-test showed that simultaneously internal and external factors significantly influence the competence of elementary school / elementary school teachers in the City of Bima.

Laili Etika Rahmawati   Dwi Kurniawati   Hari Kusmanto   Yakub Nasucha   and Abdul Ngalim   

This study aims to: (1) identify the presentation of reading material in grade VII Indonesian textbook and (2) describe the relevance of the presentation of reading material in grade VII Indonesian textbook based on the characteristics of the learners. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative. The data used in this study is the presentation of description text in the seventh-grade Indonesian textbook published by Erlangga. The data source of this research was a document, namely Indonesian grade VII Indonesian textbook. The data collection technique of this study used the documentation and listening methods and continued with the note-taking technique. Analysis of the data of this study used the content analysis method. The validity test of the data in this study used the triangulation theory. The results showed that from the 60 reading material data (1) 11 data are not relevant to students because of characteristics relating to initial abilities, such as intellectual ability, thinking ability, and movement ability. (2) 46 data are not relevant to students because of characteristics relating to social-cultural background and status. (3) 3 data are not relevant to students because of characteristics relating to personality differences, such as nature, attitudes, feelings, interests, and so on. This shows the need for material adjustments to the characteristics of students' abilities, social background characteristics, and personality characteristics. The preparation of textbooks in the future should pay attention to intellectual, sociological, and psychological characteristics of students.

Virginia O. Rudio   Rowena D. Carreon   and Elma S. Ocampo   

The study aimed to assess the student teachers' perceptions toward the Elementary Education Student Teaching Program in Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Philippines. It is a descriptive research that made use of questionnaires as data gathering instruments which were administered to 91 student teachers composed of 10 males and 81 females belonging to age 19 and above. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and weighted means. All pre-school specialized student teachers from the three batches were exposed to teaching pre-school subjects. Seventy-one (71) general education specialized student teachers also experienced teaching the different subjects in the primary and intermediate levels. The student teaching program is composed of practicum experience variables to be considered by the department which is orientation tasks, rapport with the academic community, practicum environment, auxiliary services and student-teachers activities. Results show that the variables are obtained ratings as 4.49 (HO), 4.99 (VHO), 4.49 (HO) and 4.56 (VHO) respectively. In a nutshell, the orientation tasks, rapport with the academic community, practicum environment, auxiliary services, and student-teachers activities in the department are highly observed (4.49). The data imply that the department still needs to improve the services along the different parameters to improve further its student teaching program. As such, the experiences of student teachers should really prepare them for the world of work for the future of the next generation rests on the quality of education and training they receive.

Diem Phuong Thi Tran   and Huan Buu Nguyen   

A plethora of research has witnessed the relationship between beliefs and practices that influence how language teachers make their own decisions to improve their instruction and enhance student learning at tertiary education. In particular, to date, there has been a growing interest in pronunciation teaching of English as a foreign or second language. However, research into beliefs and practices of foreign language learning, namely English, with regard to pronunciation within the Vietnamese context is still scarce. This current study, therefore, is aimed to explore what beliefs teacher hold and how they teach pronunciation in a Vietnamese context. This paper draws on data collected as part of a larger study including questionnaires, interviews, and observations over a fifteen-week semester of an EFL pronunciation course. The focus of this paper is on the data from the questionnaire and observations. The study was conducted with seventy teachers at an English language center in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The findings indicate that the teachers had positive beliefs about teaching pronunciation and that the teachers integrated pronunciation in their English classes with specific focus on intelligibility. The findings further extend the literature on pronunciation teaching practices by providing insights into how contextual factors mediate teachers' existing beliefs and actual happenings that inform their future practices by reflecting on their professional development and learning regarding pronunciation as crucial constituent of learners' communicative competence. The paper concludes by discussing pedagogical implications for teachers, school administrators for the sake of better pronunciation instruction.

Saadiah Kummin   Shahlan Surat   Faridah Mydin Kutty   Zarina Othman   and Nazri Muslim   

The challenge of teaching English to Malaysian tertiary students has become more daunting considering the latest developments in technology. Teachers therefore face the challenges of having to deal with a majority of learners who not only have little confidence or competence in using English language but also lack analytical, critical and creative skills. Hence, teachers can overcome this problem by carrying out language activities that concentrate on the development of multiple literacy skills among learners. This article will demonstrate specifically the ways in which the incorporation of multimodal materials will not only enhance students' English language competency but also their analytical and creative thinking skills. More importantly, this study focuses primarily on techniques and tools to enhance the students' English as a Second Language (ESL) learning achievement and learning satisfaction in the classroom setting. More specifically, the study utilizes the use of various multimodal texts as the teaching and learning approaches that include both auditory and visual modes encompassing video recording, YouTube videos, songs and Adobe voice. Additionally, within the multimodality framework, the students carried out a project in teams and explored authentic multimodal texts. Several interesting trends emerged based on the interpretation of the results. First, students were found to be more proactive and take ownership of their own learning processes. Second, learners were able to use the language in a more critical and creative manner due to the nature of the texts. Third, students were able to develop language learning skills both individually and in teams.

Siddik Kakhkhorov   and Zilola Rasulova   

The following article deals with the role of modern pedagogical technologies in the educational process, the creation of innovative activities of future teachers of Technology on the basis of pedagogical technologies, and the ways to increase creativity as well. Definitions of foreign and domestic scientists on pedagogical technologies are comparatively analyzed in the research work. The main purpose of the research is completely to get rid of the learning process from a homogeneous system, to provide the process with technology, that is, to design lessons on the basis of modern technologies, to predict the expected outcome, to increase time productivity, to determine the level of knowledge, skills and abilities. The main task of research work is to train future teachers of Technology education using modern information technologies and their experience in the educational process, to improve their professional skills constantly, to master effective innovative methods and put them into practice. Based on the advanced technology education model, it is planned to develop students' creative skills by organizing new pedagogical games, using visual methods to explain practical topics, creating problem situations, organizing discussions, sharing students' ideas, developing creative activity, forming independent thinking. The main novelty of the research is the pedagogical technology of teaching processes, organized in two traditional and non-traditional forms, and experimental work. The results of experimental work were analyzed using mathematical-statistical methods, which is one of the research methods of pedagogy. As a result, it has been proved on the basis of statistical analysis that the efficiency of students' mastering of the course has increased.

Azman Che Mat   Ahmad Fakrulazizi Abu Bakar   Ahmad Zulfadhli Nokman   Nor Shaifura Musilehat   and Norhayuza Mohamad   

Language skills, especially speaking skills, are necessary for mastering of a foreign language. Many strategies were applied in class setting to achieve the skills with several activities. Many researchers have suggested various activities to develop speaking skills for Arabic language. Among these activities are drama, role play, simulation etc. Each activity has different execution to meet the objective of language learning. This study aims to explore the strategies of Arabic language speaking skills among students through paired simulation activities. The qualitative approach is fully utilized through journal notes and observation check list. Four Arabic lecturers were involved in journal notes relating to their observations of strategies used by students in general. Meanwhile, a total of 12 respondents were selected by observing their simulation performances, especially in terms of language items. Then descriptive analysis was carried out to stipulate the data with the concentration on learning strategies for speaking skills of the students and language performance regarding the use of speaking Arabic during simulation activity. This study generally found that Arabic language learners practice speaking skills with the support of other strategies such as memory, writing and reading strategies. Meanwhile linguistics items produced by respondents in the activity have common errors including lexical choice, grammatical structure and morphological aspect. In the nutshell, simulation activity has significantly affected on students learning strategy and provides essential information for Arabic language lecturers to assist their students in improving their language performance especially speaking skills.

Hiyam Al-Badareen   Dina Al-Jamal   and Fawwaz Al-Abed AL-Haq   

This study aimed to scrutinize the effect of the Students and Teachers Actively Reading Test (START) framework on Al al-Bayt undergraduate students' reading comprehension. The study pursued a quasi-experimental design that involved two cohorts: intervention and control. The intervention cohort included 33 students and the control cohort contained 34 students. These students came from various backgrounds and reading levels but were all enrolled in English (101) during the 2^nd term of the 2019-2020 school year. To collect data, the researchers developed both an educational program depending on the START framework and a pre-posttest. The tools were presented to a jury of 10 referees to prove their validity. They were also piloted to prove their stability. The instructional program encouraged the teacher to use scaffolding techniques and reading strategies to instruct the students. Data were extracted according to the statistical packages program (SPSS). Based on the statistical analysis, the pre-posttest showed significant discrepancies among the participants of the two groups. The learners in the intervention group showed better performance than those of the control one. Therefore, the START framework helped learners interact with the reading text and it enhanced students' achievements in reading comprehension.

Iman Elkababi   Chaibia Srour   Azzeddine Atibi   Khadija Elkababi   Mohamed Radid   and Souad Tayane   

Despite the fact that teaching managers are fully aware of the components of the standard framework regarding the teaching profession, their professional practice does not reflect the integrity of the content of these texts; this encourages them to improve the quality of teaching through the use of the "competency-based approach" as a teaching method at schools and at teacher training centers (CRMEFs). In the current context of improving the quality of teaching and its proper viability, this study proposes a paradigm of the method, which respects the agreed upon pedagogical guidelines and that could guarantee effective teaching. It also suggests the exploration of the relationship between the "competency-based approach" and the development of communication skills, autonomy and self-confidence among teacher trainees. A modeling of the "competency-based approach" (CBA) teaching method has been carried out and tested with trainee teachers in physical sciences in secondary education to ensure its feasibility and effectiveness. Through this study, we proved that the implementation of this modeling contributed to the improvement of professionalization skills among new teachers.

Hind Al Fadda   Muhammad Afzaal   and Phillip J. Haberman   

This paper reports on the use of dynamic assessment (DA) by an English as second language teacher (ESL) in their classroom in China. It examines how DA can be employed in English as foreign language classrooms as a method of developing learners' oral English skills. DA is framework with the aim of combing both instruction and assessment in a way which supports development (Poehner, 2008). It is founded in the ideas of Vygotsky's (1987) zone of proximal development (ZPD) emanating from his socio-cultural theory (SCT). ZPD highlights the role of a more capable others as mediators who interact learners in order to help them realize their potential. This study provides an example of how an EFL teacher might utilize DA in their classroom based on their personal understanding and with interpretation of it. Examples of the interactions between the teacher and learners are analyzed in this study to find out investigate how it they aid in development.

Anna Alexandrovna Basmanova   Yulia Alexandrovna Grunina   and Elena Alexandrovna Kargovskaya   

At a stage where the latest information technologies develop rapidly and are integrates into all spheres of human life, higher education institutions are aimed at preparing future Humanities specialists for the work in completely new conditions of the information society. This causes the problem of finding new forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process that will ensure the effective use of information and communication technologies. The purpose of the research is to study the quality of the webinar work of the teachers of the Department of Philosophy through its assessment by students for further improvement, considering the comments and wishes received. In the research, the authors used such theoretical methods as the study of scientific, methodological and pedagogical literature on the problem of using webinars and web conferences as a tool for obtaining knowledge and skills. In order to improve the quality of teaching the discipline "Philosophy" and increase the scientific and methodological level of the application of webinars, considering the opinions of students, a sociological study was conducted. The method of sociological research was a questionnaire survey, in which 51 first-year humanities students of the university took part. Based on the questionnaire of Humanities students, qualitative data have been obtained, such as students' motivation to attend webinars, students' attitudes to the content of webinar materials, students' ideas about the usefulness and appropriateness of webinars and how webinars on Philosophy influence personal, intellectual and professional development of future Humanities specialists.

Ekaterina Viktorovna Mussaui-Ulyanishcheva   and Elena Viktorovna Zakharova   

Recently, the attention of researchers from various branches of knowledge has been focused on the phenomenon of electronic conferences, including webinars, which allow the exchange of information and knowledge between participants in the educational process, as well as encourage them to cooperate actively. The purpose of the study is to reveal the influence of webinars as one of the main forms of distance learning in social and psychological disciplines on increasing the motivation for learning. The study used the following research methods: theoretical – analysis of psychological, pedagogical, methodological and educational literature and educational standards and programs for professional and practical training of students of humanitarian specialties to generalize theoretical issues of the essence, functions and features of the use of webinars to increase the motivational component of education; empirical – observation, interviews, questionnaires, analysis of the activities of teachers and students; mathematical – statistical methods of data processing to analyze the impact and trends of changes in student motivation in the case of using webinars. To identify the educational motives of students of humanitarian specialties, the study used a self-diagnosis method. Based on the questioning of students, the educational motives of students of humanitarian specialties have been clarified and the influence of webinars on increasing the motivation for learning has been determined. The data obtained indicated a positive effect of webinars on the change in the importance of the motives "gaining knowledge" and "mastering a profession" upward after webinars.

Kehdinga George Fomunyam   

The global higher education landscape has continued to experience changes and transformation, and there have been various contextual evidences that globalization has been a major contributor to this change. As a result of globalization, higher education institutions become more marketable and the need for brand building has increased. Over the years, there have been various attempts by higher education institutions to boost and improve their public image, and this has necessitated corporate visual identity and some changes to their names. This research is an inquiry into higher education branding in Africa using the social media perspective. Evidences were culled from the websites of universities in East Africa, West Africa, North Africa, South Africa, and Central Africa. Two institutions were selected from the regions and how they have branded themselves and established themselves on social media was considered. With various institutions offering service to members of the public, there are various avenues for dishing out information and engaging their prospective clients. The notable platforms these institutions use include Facebook, twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube. This study recommends that the mandate by which each institution was established should be incorporated into their brand identities and propagated via social media. There should be an audit of all social media pages to understand engagement levels across all platforms, and to proffer other ways of branding to the institution.

Shazia Kausar   Rida Shoukat   and Iqra Zafar   

This paper focused on finding out the impact of teachers' behaviour on students' psychological and social development in Pakistan. Better psychological and social health is a crucial point for any student to gain better academic achievements. The teachers are the most vital position in students' lives and their classrooms. Teachers have the responsibility to educate the children that are placed in their trust. All through the rest of their lives, children carry what they are taught at a young age. They will use that which they have learned to influence society. The sample consisted of a hundred and thirty high school students to complete questionnaires, with two schools' teachers from each school as observations. The objective of this study is to examine and explore those factors that can affect the students' psychological and social development from the teacher's behaviour. The research shows that if teachers treat students unfairly, they will lose their trust and leadership for teachers and have less confidence due to their home environment and less teacher-student interaction. Teachers were polite, open, professional and well-prepared to cooperate. There was a significantly secure connection between the conduct of teachers and the educational outcomes ratings of students. Critical suggestions from the research were skilled and experienced teachers, student's encouragement, undue favouritism, etc.

Setyo Eko Atmojo   Taufik Muhtarom   and Beny Dwi Lukitoaji   

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the thematic learning model with SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, and Society) vision on the understanding of disaster material in elementary school students. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design. The sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique, namely four elementary schools prone to earthquake disasters in the Bantul Regency area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two schools (SD Piyungan and SD Tulung) as the experimental group and two schools (SD Karanggayam and SD Segoroyoso) as the control group. Based on the results of the t-test, post-test data obtained a t-value of 5.781> t table of 1.998, which means that there are differences in understanding students' disasters between the experimental group and the control group. The results of the calculation of the gain score indicate that the experimental group had an increased score at a high level (g> 70) while the control group increased at a moderate level (0.3 ≤g≤ 0.7). This study concludes that the application of the thematic learning model with the SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, and Society) vision has a practical effect on improving the understanding of disaster material for elementary school students.

Ali Zuhdi Shaqour   Soheil Salha   Assad Tafal   and Hiba Shtaya   

The higher education institutions in Palestine depend deeply on the rate of students' enrolment. The budget of these institutions depends on the rate of students' enrolment for this reason the institutions always trying to encourage students to enroll in their programs. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate first year students' perceptions concerning their readiness to succeed and persist in their university study. Mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used to achieve the purpose of the study. The participants of the study were 776 students from a large university located in the northern of Palestine. Statistical analysis by using the SPSS package was used for analysing quantitative data from the survey. For qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis was used for analysing students' responses on the open-ended questions. The findings of the study revealed that student's friends have a positive influence on students' enrolment at the university. On the other hand, gender and family encouragement did not have any impact on student's pursuing higher education. The study suggested to implement orientation sessions in high schools to provide students more information about the university life from different aspects such as academic, social, and involvement in the activities on campus. The decision-makers in the higher education institutions in Palestine design workshops and programs to encourage students to register at universities.

Illuni Islamiah Binti Ibrahim   Jumintono   Imam Kanafi   Hafnidar Hafnidar   Bagus Haryono   Yuniar Farida   Silvia Rosa   Fransiska Sinta Devi Murwaningtyas   Ayu Esteka Sari   and Riyanti Isaskar   

The study aims to measure the level of students' understanding of ergonomics' principles with video. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method with the survey method. This research involved six students of the Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Education, especially Mechanical Engineering at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The data were obtained using a gradual questionnaire. The first stage before the respondent watched the learning video and after watching the ergonomic learning video for 15 minutes. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to students without choosing a gender. The instrument was compared before and after watching the video. The instrument was then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis whereby the frequency and percentage are used to analyzed data. Learning video helps students to understand basic ergonomics principles easily. Input from the concept of this video is made to make fun and easy to understand by students. This study's purpose is achieved because it measures students' knowledge about the principle of ergonomics increasing after watching a video. The results show that student knowledge increases after watching the video Basic Ergonomics Principles at Work. Video learning can help students design a better understanding of basic ergonomics principles compared to entering the classroom.

Mahmuda Ma’arif   Zalik Nuryana   and Intisar Ambu Saidi   

Countries recognize that character and citizenship education are vital factors in developing the most significant human resources. There are many challenges both to policies and to the implementation of character education and citizenship in schools. This study aims to investigate students' character development in terms of values and moral education by analyzing the 2013 curriculum of Indonesian citizenship education. The citizenship education curriculum has introduced new terms such as civics, state citizenship education, Pancasila moral education, Pancasila education and citizenship education, civic education, and Pancasila education and citizenship. This study looked at and critically analyzed the relevant literature on Indonesia's citizenship education. It is concluded that Citizenship Education aims at developing civilizations in Indonesia, in particular, the building of a nation's character, by achieving diverse objectives in order to attain the national goals. Therefore, citizenship education is undeniable learning that must be taught at all levels of education, whether at elementary, secondary or tertiary level. In addition, Citizenship Education plays a significant role through curricular programs in both formal and non-formal education institutions. Citizenship Education as a socio-cultural movement, acts as a vehicle for citizens' self-actualization, both individually and in groups, by emphasizing rights, obligations, and the socio-cultural context, through direct and responsible active participation.

Lisa Barnes   Maria Northcote   Carolyn Rickett   Lynette Lounsbury   Lily A. Arasaratnam-Smith   Kira-Leigh Josey   and Noelle Obers   

This research was initially done across disciplines and across faculties in one faith-based higher education institution in Australia, to discover the challenges and opportunities faced by women in the higher education sector. It was then expanded to see if these issues were different for those working in secular institutions, as well as other faith-based institutions. A replicated study, it also compares results to a study completed at Rhodes University in South Africa. The results were similar across all institutions. Women are still facing three major issues in the higher education sector: namely, lack of self-esteem, attempting (unsuccessfully) to create life/work balance, and continued hurdles presented by stereotypical gender roles. The present research adds to that of the past by confirming that there are still workplace barriers in place; however, there is a positive view that unconscious biases are changing, and that no longer are lifelong careers only reserved for males in higher education. Although workplace experiences for women are changing, it is proposed that a future vision for women in the higher education workforce should contain formal and informal mentoring as well as role modelling and use of Women's groups to support and promote women in higher education, thus creating a greater convergence of gender opportunities.

Indah Widiati   Turmudi   and Dadang Juandi   

This study aims to describe the role of Assessment as Learning for pre-service mathematics teachers in designing mathematical test instruments. Assessment as Learning is useful as a quality control tool for the designed mathematics test instrument. This is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, involving four pre-service mathematics teachers. Data were obtained through the design of mathematical test instruments and in-depth interviews with the participants. The test instruments designed was then adjusted to the results of the interview. The research results reveal that Assessment as Learning is important in supporting students to monitor the results of their work; environmental aspects are the most difficult aspects to be integrated into mathematical problems; students have more difficulty in completing Peer-Assessment than Self-Assessment; the problems raised in the economic aspects are only around prices, and Self-Assessment and Peer-Assessment are very helpful in detecting errors and deficiencies in the questions designed. It is concluded that Assessment as Learning helps and supports pre-service mathematics teachers in designing mathematics test instruments to create good quality mathematics test instruments. This research contributes to pre-service mathematics teachers conducting the Assessment as Learning to minimize errors in the mathematical test instruments.

Nur Asymal Yumni Binti Mohd Nasir   Jumintono   Fani Ardiani   Sri Wiyatiningsih   Yustina Sapan   Eddy Munawar   Etty Handayani   Bambang Heri Isnawan   and Endah Marendah Ratnaningtyas   

Aquaponics is a sustainable agricultural system with a combination of aquaculture and hydroponics in a symbiotic environment. This study aims to determine students' knowledge and understanding of the essential basics of aquaponics with video-based learning. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method—data obtained by giving a questionnaire involving 20 middle school students. The questionnaire was given in stages. The first stage was given before the respondents watched the animated video about aquaponics, and the second questionnaire after watching the animated video. Respondents were given multiple choice answers, namely, A (Right) and B (Wrong). This study used six questions about basic aquaponics knowledge. The data were analyzed using a comparison of the frequency of answers and the t-test of two pairs of samples. The results showed that there were significant differences in students' answers before and after watching the video. Students before watching the video had a 28.3% correct answer percentage, and it increased after watching the video to 89.2%. Learning based on aquaponic animation videos can increase students' knowledge and understanding. The use of video-based technology in learning is more comfortable for students to understand than manual learning. Animated video-based learning can be applied in classroom learning.

Julius Ceazar G. Tolentino   John Paul P. Miranda   Vernon Grace M. Maniago   and Vanessa B. Sibug   

The fusion of indigenization and technology-integration in the teaching-learning process in the Philippines is both a trend and a challenge especially to indigenous peoples' education (IPEd). Hence, this study was sought to develop digital modules (DMs) in select topics in health education with an emphasis on hygiene among indigenous pupils in the Division of Mabalacat City, Pampanga, Philippines. Anchored on a descriptive action research paradigm, utilizing research and development design, IPEd teachers and culture bearers were purposely identified to aid in the development and validation phase. Moreover, the DMs were evaluated by pedagogy experts, basic education teachers in health education, and educational technology experts in terms of three factors such as content, instructional, and technical quality. Mean scores revealed that the DMs were found to be "very satisfactory". This indicated that the developed and evaluated materials were perceived to be acceptable for mainstream use given that the content and the elements were crafted out of localized concepts and placed together in a digital platform. This study was the initial phase of a mobile integrated learning system project to promote community engagement through science and technology (CEST) in the Philippines. It is recommended that the DMs be engineered in a mobile integrated system hardware to be extended as a learning material for the indigenous pupils.

Iman Shashaa   and Bassmah B. Al Taher   

The implementation of teaching English online parallel to its on-campus courses has become a necessity more than a supplement. After the spread of the Corona virus, Covid-19, online teaching has become the only alternative to maintain a proper education in Jordan, especially at the German Jordanian University (GJU). The pandemic, despite its negativity, has opened doors to innovative ways in education and encouraged everyone to continue with online education. With the positive impact of online teaching for higher education, this paper concentrates on the need to continue online teaching as parallel to classroom teaching after the end of the pandemic since its advantages have proven it to be effective and beneficial. The study uses a survey approach administered to GJU undergraduate students, who have taken English lectures online during the pandemic. The variables are reliable with Cronbach alpha α = 0.736, proving that students are interested and do need to take English courses online as a parallel form but not as a substitute. The results show that students are in favor of the parallel leaning for the multiple benefits it offers. E-learning is the new gateway for GJU to adopt the parallel stream in higher education, and can be used due to its advantage.

Ali Mugahed Al-Rahmi   Alina Shamsuddin   and Omar A Alismaiel   

This paper mitigates the variation in literature on the usage in Behavioural Purpose to use and actual social media use through social media use and also it influences performance and satisfaction of students at higher education. Thus, this research aimed to develop a model to investigate along with behavioral intention to use and actual social media that influence students' satisfaction and performance impact use task technology fit (TTF) model. A questionnaire survey on Task-technology fit theory was circulated among a total of 206 university students as the key method for collecting data. This research hypothesizes that social characteristics and technology characteristics can affect the task technology fit, which also hypothesizes TTF for behavioral intention to use and actual social media that turn to improve students' satisfaction, and performance impact. However, all research findings were attained through a quantitative method using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-AMOS). Findings out in this research indicate positive effect students on their academic through behavioral intention to utilize of social media for teaching and learning in higher education. Moreover, the results that social media is used for learning purpose and enables sharing of knowledge, discussions, and information to enhance students' learning activities, therefore, we recommend students to use social media for educational purposes through lecturers at higher education institutions.

Sadekul Islam   Forhad Hossain   and Momtazur Rahman   

Quality of language teaching and efficient learning by the learners are much influenced by effective materials. Materials developers also get perplexed to decide which materials will work more; many prefer to adapt or develop their own materials but doing so requires the developers overcome a number of challenges at different stages of materials development: conducting needs analysis, setting aims and objectives, planning, drafting, pre-use assessment, piloting, production, revision and finalization. This qualitative study aims at describing those challenges in depth. Two focus group discussions with fourteen materials developers from eight private universities were conducted to collect data on materials developers' perspectives on the challenges. The findings show that lack of infrastructure and other facilities, interpersonal conflict among the stakeholders, especially the teachers and materials developers, lack of motivation and learners' poor background knowledge beget a number of challenges. It was found that the challenges can be overcome if the stakeholders are little more considerate towards the materials developers and learners' needs. The findings and recommendations provide a) implications for the administrative heads and other stakeholders and b) some guiding principles for the material developers to overcome the challenges and develop effective materials for their learners.

Omar Abdel Qader Shamalti   

This study identified the level of practicing the requirements of active learning by Islamic education teachers studying at King Khalid University. (28) teachers from the eighth level in the Faculties of Education and Sharia participated in this study. The study used the descriptive approach and developed a study tool, which is a note card consisting of (25) statements that measure the practices of Islamic education teachers for the requirements of active learning. After analyzing the data, the results showed that the level of practicing the requirements of active learning by Islamic education teachers was average. The findings showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of Islamic education teachers' practice of active learning styles due to the variable of the educational stage in favor of the primary stage. In light of the results of the research, it is recommended to conduct training courses for Islamic education teachers on active learning before and during service. The study recommended introducing Islamic education teachers working in the field to active learning strategies in teaching, and its importance, by providing educational documentaries and publications. There is a need to include methods of applying active learning strategies in Islamic education teachers' guidebooks.

Anggi Idwar Pratama   and Budi Astuti   

This study aims to obtain an objective picture and information about students' communication skills in school. The research method uses quantitative descriptive methods with library studies' support, strengthening researchers' analysis in making conclusions following the subject matter—the data collection techniques using the Likert scale model. The communication skills questionnaire consisted of 4 indicators and 36 statement items. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the entire scale calculated was 0.788. Because the scale factor and the reliability coefficient are high, the scale can be considered reliable, and the scale items are homogeneous. Communication skills scale distributed using Google forms. The research sample was 134 grade VII students of Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta Islamic Middle School in 2019/2010. It consisted of seven classes, namely VII A, VII B, VII C, VII D, VII E, VII F, and VII G. The result showed that students' communication competency of indicators were in the medium category (71%). Communication barriers indicators were in a low category (67%). Meanwhile, body language communication got a low score (65%), and 77% of students have a low emotional maturity score in communication indicators. Overall, students' communication skills of class VII were classified as moderate (62%). The result show there was no significant difference in communication significance between male or female. Both male and female students have communication skills that are not good enough. Students' communication skills need to be improved by the teacher's guidance and counseling or counselor using guidance and counseling methods, such as discussion and other related methods.

Nurhayati   Tono Suwartono   and Agus Saripudin   

This study aimed to find out the students' needs for a web-based course-book, describe the validation result from the experts regarding the course book being developed, figure out the practicality aspect of the course book, and describe the effectiveness of course book. The study employed a mixed version of Plomp's and Tessmer's research and development (R&D) major procedures. The R&D procedure involved analyzing students' need, designing and producing a prototype of a web-based course-book, and evaluating the prototype including expert validation, one-to-one evaluation, small group evaluation, and field testing. Questionnaire was administered to investigate the students' needs. One-to-one evaluation and small group evaluation were conducted to examine the practicality aspect of the course book being developed. Test was administered to assess the effectiveness of the course-book. Results of the analysis have shown that the students needed a web-based course-book. The course-book consisted of materials, comprehension questions, bibliography, glossary, author profiles, the Sampyong videos and photos, and logout menus. The expert validation average score was 4.27 (out of 5), belonging to category "good". Based on one-to-one and small group evaluation, the web-based course-book was considered practical for university students. The objective test administered revealed that the students' achievement significantly increased from the average scores 66 (pre-test) to 79 (post-test).

Tanti Diyah Rahmawati   Dwi Sulisworo   and Erwin Prasetyo   

Guided discovery learning is one of the learning models that focus on students. This model is one of the recommended models for implementing the 2013 Curriculum as a foundation for education reform in Indonesia. It's just that the internalization of teachers in the learning models that focus on students still needs to be improved. This study aims to see the impact of guided discovery learning on motivation and problem-solving abilities. This research is a descriptive quantitative study conducted on exponential mathematics subject topics and logarithms in class 10 in Maumere, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. The student motivation data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 40 items and measured using a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The problem-solving ability was measured using 5 test items. Assessment of the answer questions with a score of 0 to 4 for each aspect of problem-solving ability (understanding, planning, completing, rechecking). Descriptive statistics were used to prose the data. The results of this paper indicate that the motivation of students who get learning with this strategy is high. Although students, in general, have done other problem-solving activities well on the aspects of Understanding the problem, compiling a plan of the resolution, implementing a method of recommendation, but in the aspect of Rechecking at the suitability of the results tends not to be done well. The impact of this finding is the possibility of thinking habits that still need to be improved in the problem-solving process.

Abdulraheem Alshareef   

In recent years, the number of universities in the Saudi Arabian education industry, both government and private, has been steadily increasing. Saudi Arabia accounts for the majority of universities in the Middle East and North African region. By 2030, the number is expected to continue to climb with improved ranking of existing educational institutions and the arrival of new universities, including renowned international universities. Technology schools and medical schools are the two largest segments of the current education industry in Saudi Arabia. There are numerous competitors in these two fields, including schools in government, private, and international universities. It is widely acknowledged that universities with excellent customer value will attract excellent students. The aim of this study was to look into whether students can be motivated to choose their future institute if customer value principles from the business sector were implemented. Using Porter's five-forces analysis, this study developed a framework to motivate students' choices among various medical schools. The Balanced Scorecard model was used to establish a sustainable growth rate. The study concludes that customer value in the education industry, especially in universities, should be improved and included as a key performance indicator for schools and universities. Implementing excellent strategies to improve customer value will positively impact the education industry.

Sarfraz Aslam   Atif Saleem   Huma Akram   and Ali Usman Hali   

The choice of the most appropriate method for learning and teaching any foreign language is of vital importance. This study aims to investigate student teachers' achievements in English language learning. A quasi-experimental research design was used to compare and identify the effective English language teaching method in a distance teacher education program at the university level in Pakistan. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were conducted to follow up on the experimental findings and enlighten the distance tutors' English language teaching practices. A sample of sixty student teachers enrolled in the B.Ed. Program of Allama Iqbal Open University Pakistan was randomly selected and divided into a control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). Furthermore, eleven distance tutors were also interviewed. Pre-test and post-test were used in both groups. Findings revealed that the grammar-translation method (GTM) is not encouraged for English language teaching; however, it is still in practice at the university level in Pakistan. Moreover, tutors reflected that the English language syllabus could be modified to meet modern needs. Furthermore, communication on the part of the learners also needs to be addressed. The examination system should not focus only on writing skills, but also on evaluating all language skills, including reading, speaking, and listening.

Nguyen Thi Ut Sau   Ca Nguyen Linh Phuong   and Huynh Tan Hoi   

Fundamental and comprehensive innovation is an indispensable requirement of Vietnam's education in the current period. For preschool education, one of the important contents of educational innovation is child-centered education. This is an educational perspective based on children's interests and needs in order to correctly evaluate, respect and promote each child's abilities and strengths. For the best and effective implementation of child-centered education, building a child-centered education environment in preschools is necessary and indispensable. The educational environment in a preschool is a combination of necessary physical and social conditions that directly affect child care and education. To build a child-centered educational environment is to build a physical and social environment that gives children the opportunity to learn in many different ways through play. It is an environment where the interests, needs, abilities and strengths of each child are always respected and the development of all children's potentials is promoted. This study reports the results of research demonstrates that building an educational environment from a child-centered perspective is quite important. Building a child-centered educational environment is a process of designing and using a physical environment and a psycho-social environment in organizing activities for children to create conditions for children to experience and operate abilities appropriately, preferences, suitable for each level of development of preschool children.

Lia Ardiansari   Didi Suryadi   and Dadan Dasari   

The teacher as an educator plays an important role in the process of forming a concept image of students about the equal sign in learning mathematics. Teachers must have an equal sign meaning in accordance with the capacity, learning experience, and knowledge which is a source for them to compile a certain didactic design. The didactic design that has been compiled becomes a learning environment that triggers students' mental perceptions and actions so that a concept image of the equal sign is formed. This study aims to explore teachers' understanding and confirm that the concept image formed by these students may be the impact of the learning process with didactic designs that have been compiled by the teacher. The investigation was conducted qualitatively using a case study approach involving 6 teachers and 55 elementary and middle school students. The data collection methods included teacher questionnaires and interviews with two selected teachers, as well as students answering a series of questions then six students were deliberately selected to be interviewed based on their responses. The results show that the teachers' concept images about the equal sign are generally difficult to say that they already have a well-developed relational view, in addition, they lack the knowledge and skills to identify, anticipate, reduce, or correct students' misconceptions about the equal sign. As a result, the majority of students do not have a concept image about the equal sign that matches the scientific conception that should be.

Tatiana A. Yakovleva   and Anzhelina A. Koriakina   

The pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 has made great adjustments in all aspects of the life in the global community, and education has not been left aside. The purpose of the present article is to reveal the psychological and pedagogical consequences of the spread of the coronavirus on the organization of higher education in Russia, the readiness of participants of the educational process to switch to distance learning. The article shows the results of a survey of students of Russian universities on the organization of distance learning in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. A comparative analysis of the possibilities and advantages of traditional and distance learning, of the distance learning methods used by university teachers, as well as the psychological and pedagogical readiness of participants of the educational process of Russian universities for the transition from classroom to on-line and off-line training is carried. The authors conclude that modern living conditions require adjustments, revision and rethinking of the educational process, partial transition to distance learning, which in the future may become prevalent. Today, the educational environment is not yet ready to switch to full distance learning, due to the lack of new and proven distance learning methods aimed at developing practical skills and abilities. Nowadays, there are no research results regarding the attitude of university students, especially Russian, to the urgent transition to distance learning in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The present study is a pioneer in this field of study.

Iziana Hani Ismail   Asmaa AlSaqqaf   and Wardatul Akmam Din   

The disparity of the English language performance between the Malaysian rural and urban students remains a crucial issue, yet much is to be known about factors that actually influence the students' English proficiency across levels, especially those who live outside the cities. The objectives of this paper are to identify the Multiple Intelligence profiles and the significant intelligence of the urban and rural pre-university students at a public university in Malaysia, and to investigate whether there is any difference in the English writing test scores between the two groups. A demographic questionnaire, Multiple Intelligence Profiling Questionnaire (MIPQ III) and a Paper 800/4 (Writing) Question 2 of Malaysian University English Test (MUET) March 2016 question were used in this study. Sixty pre-university students were purposively selected for the current research from Preparatory Centre of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia. The data were collected and analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test. Results suggest that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of Interpersonal, Environmental, and Visual-Spatial intelligences between the urban and rural pre-university students. Unexpectedly, the findings show that the urban students display higher Environmental intelligence compared to the rural group. Additionally, a significant difference is also identified between urban and rural students in their writing scores, as the results show that the urban students performed better in the writing tests than the students in the rural areas. This study calls Malaysian English educators to acknowledge students' differences in learning, thus creating a conducive classroom experience and redesigning the lessons by incorporating all intelligences for the students to actively manifest their preferred learning styles in acquiring English language. Future research would include more language skills to be examined in a bigger number of students.

Jomar L. Aban   Anny Ross A. Bayan   and Joan S. Valdez   

This study hinges on the theory of evaluation. Frequent, continuous and impartial evaluation of academic performance is vital not only for the growth of the institution but also for the growth of the individual. The perceptions of students, teachers and supervisors were evaluated to determine the competence of science teacher along instruction in Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University (DMMMSU-NLUC), College of Education, Philippines. This research utilized a mixed descriptive-quantitative method of investigation. Using a structured survey questionnaire, the demographic profile and competence of the science teachers were measured. It was found that science teachers with less than ten training points significantly reduced their competence in terms of their personal character, teaching efficiency, general class atmosphere, and substantiality of teaching and evaluation skills. Other personal and professional demographic profiles were also found to have an influence on the competence of science teachers along instruction. These include the number of children, sex, educational attainment, length of service and workload preparation. In conclusion, it is apparent the science teachers' competence is affected by both demographic background of the educators and their personal and professional trainings. This study reveals that knowledge of specific factors that affect science teachers' competence is necessary in improving the mode of instruction, pedagogy and trainings for science teachers to ensure quality teaching.

Radiah Hamid   M. L. Manda   Abdul Hakim Yassi   and Ria Rosdiana Jubhari   

Many studies imply that EFL students broadly use their schemata or background knowledge in comprehending the reading texts, including their formal and content schemata. Therefore, this study aims to know the influence of these schemata especially the formal schemata, grammatical and vocabulary knowledge, in reading comprehension and further determine the dominant influence between grammatical and vocabulary knowledge. Samples of 40 EFL sixth semester students of Makassar Muhammadiyah University were selected by using the Simple Random Sampling Technique. The researcher obtained the data through proficiency tests of grammar and vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. The use of regression and correlation analysis is to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that the students' grammatical and vocabulary knowledge influence their reading comprehension significantly. Moreover, their grammatical schemata are more dominant than their vocabulary knowledge, showing the new aspect of this study from the latest research, i.e., the study of [6]. The result described that the schemata about grammar play a significant role in the EFL students' comprehension processing. The correlation analysis showed that the better grammatical competence students have, the better comprehension they do. Their understanding depended more on their competence about tenses (syntactic knowledge) than on their vocabulary knowledge. The contribution of this study is to give a new perspective about grammar and vocabulary schema in the EFL students using as cognitive structures in understanding English reading texts. It may also support developing a method that helps students use their linguistic knowledge to activate their background knowledge appropriately in understanding the different English reading texts.

Mahlen Bonifacio Antonio   and Jennifer Penilla Santillan   

Reading is a reliable predictor for students to succeed and become productive members of society and phonological awareness (PA) has been identified as a strong indicator of becoming a skilled reader. It has to be understood that reading is not a natural skill and may not develop without intervention. Students experiencing reading difficulty should be provided intervention that recognizes PA as the basic skill to be gained. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Phono Graphix^™ method with a 6-year-old student diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading difficulties. This study used a single-subject design with a pre-test and post-test comparison and no control group. The principle of this design is that any changes upon the outset of intervention can be attributed as the direct result of intervention. Using four Phonological Processing Tests [21], the phonological awareness skills of the student were assessed prior and immediately after the intervention. Explicit instruction was delivered one-to-one for 40- minute sessions given three times a week for a 20-week period [26]. Findings suggest that the use of Phono-Graphix^™ method improved the phonological awareness of the student in blending, segmenting, phoneme manipulation, and code knowledge. Findings of this study can add Phono-Graphix^™ to the repertoire of strategies of special education practitioners, particularly when teaching students exhibiting the same characteristics as the participant herein. Results and implications for special education, teaching of reading and future researches are discussed.

Muhammad Raihan Sapi’ee   and Kim Hua Tan   

English is de facto global and primary lingua franca. English is proven to be a prolific communication tool and a language of choice used by speakers of diverse native languages across the globe to communicate. In Malaysia, English is taught and learned as a second language due to its importance and status in Malaysian society. However, the worrying state of English language literacy in rural settings, particularly in Malaysia, needs to be addressed to bridge the existing gap on language literacy between urban and rural dwellers, especially among young ESL learners. Reading impediment among young learners has been known to be due to a lack of knowledge in phonological awareness – syllable awareness, onset-rime awareness and phonemic awareness. This study employs a quasi-experimental study to investigate this phenomenon. It evaluates the effects of multisensory learning approach (P.A. Multiscape Application and low-technology modalities) on phonological awareness in a primary school in Maludam, Sarawak with 30 treatment and 30 comparison samples. Results revealed that students in the treatment group made significant gains in syllable awareness (d = 2.74), onset-rime awareness (d= 2.20), and phonemic awareness (d= 2.56). Results suggested that the use of the multisensory learning approach was promising and effective in enhancing phonological awareness among young ESL children.

Lisnychenko Alla   Dovhaliuk Tamila   Khamska Neonila   and Glazunova Tamara   

Anxiety is a powerful affective factor that makes a negative impact on the foreign language learning and performance. It is important to be aware of the learning conditions that can influence the foreign language anxiety level. The primary aim of this study was to examine the difference in students' foreign language anxiety level in classroom and distance learning environments. The given investigation was conducted in the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, in the spring semester, 2020, and involved 38 students of the 1-st and 2-nd years of studying. The comparative analysis of the students' foreign language anxiety levels in traditional classroom and distance learning environments has been carried out. A survey method engaging the use of FLCAS with 5-point-items Likert scale was employed. The obtained results have demonstrated a significant increase in communication apprehension and fear of negative evaluation anxiety types as well as a slight decrease in test anxiety and fear of making mistakes. The factors that caused such changes have been analyzed and defined. Among the main negative-bearing factors are the changes in the learning context and the character of distance online learning per se. The reasons for positive changes in the students' foreign language anxiety levels are − flexibility of the schedule, growing autonomy of the students and improved test-taking skills. Possible ways of reducing foreign language anxiety, such as developing students' awareness of foreign language anxiety and its symptoms, computer-based communication competency, peer support and learner autonomy have been suggested. The major conclusion made is that anxiety is a labile foreign language learning factor, which can be changed in the new learning context. Hence, the task of foreign language teachers is to reduce foreign language anxiety by taking into account the aforementioned factors.

Suyanta   Muharram   Usman Mulbar   Bakharani Rauf   Muhammad Agung   Ganefri   Hantje Ponto   I Nyoman Sila   Abdul Wahid   Jumadi Mabe Parenreng   Yasdin   Sri Rejeki Dwi Astuti   Anggi Ristiyana Puspita Sari   and Rizki Arumning Tyas   

Teacher is seen as a profession that has a good image among the general public due to its power of influence. Intention to be a teacher is not just limited to pre-service students. Since the enactment of Permendikbud No 87 of 2013, non-pre-service students have a good chance of being teachers. This study aims to identify the intention difference to be a teacher among pre-service students and non-pre-service students in LPTK, also non-pre-service students in non-LPTK. A total of 98 pre-service and non-pre-service students studying chemistry education and chemistry at LPTK and non-LPTK in Yogyakarta were surveyed using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA by SPSS 20 to identify the hypothesis about the intention differences among the three groups. The study confirmed that there are differences between all three groups, which pre-service students at LPTK have big intentions, the second is non-pre-service students at LPTK, and the last is non-pre-service students at non-LPTK show a less intention.

Hariki Fitrah   Suyanto Suyanto   Sugiharsono Sugiharsono   and Enung Hasanah   

Developing a school culture is an effort to create an effective school and produce quality school graduates, especially in terms of building student character. As a multicultural country, the development of school culture in Indonesia is more appropriate by developing a culture based on local culture. One of the cultures in Minangkabau, Indonesia is Malamang culture. This study aims to explore: (1) the process of developing school culture through Malamang Tradition at SMAN 1 Lubuk Alung, Indonesia; (2) the values contained in Malamang Tradition. The participants of this study were selected with a purposive sampling method, with the criteria that school members at SMA Lubuk Alung, Indonesia have experience in the process of developing school culture through Malamang tradition. The participants of this study consist of school principals, curriculum representatives, teacher councils, educational staff, students, and community leaders. This study used a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through; (1) domain analysis, (2) taxonomic analysis, (3) component analysis, and (4) cultural theme analysis. The results show that: 1) the process of developing a school culture through Malamang tradition at SMAN 1 Lubuk Alung is carried out through a regional cultural festival which is held to commemorate the birthday of the great Prophet Muhammad SAW, routinely every year; 2) the values of Malamang tradition consist of cooperation value, mutual cooperation value, historical value, religious value, local culture love value, and togetherness value.

Iryna S. Mintii   Svitlana V. Shokaliuk   Tetiana A. Vakaliuk   Olexandr V. Merzlykin   and Mykhailo M. Mintii   

To minimize the time required for designing a Moodle course and to reduce the required level of ICT competence for learning content management system (LCMS) Moodle, we designed standard Moodle course university and created video tutorials about how to design a new Moodle course based on it. The purpose of this paper is to consider the structural and content features of the standard Moodle course university and to review the methodical instructions for designing a new Moodle course based on it. The reasonableness of the creation of a new Moodle course from a backup copy of the standard course university is substantiated in the work. This approach to new courses designing eliminates two main factors that impede using of Moodle in the educational process. When a teacher has electronic training and methodological complex, this approach helps to minimize the time for course designing. Using of such elements as "URL", "Assignment" and "Quiz" reduces the minimal level of teachers' information and communication technologies competence for work in Moodle. The basic principle of building a standard course is the designing course as the online portal. When course is built in this way, it helps not to overload the Moodle server. Placing of electronic learning and methodological complex components on Google Drive creates the first backup of the course. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of Internet resources (finding out which Ukrainian pedagogical universities use LCMS Moodle), analysis of а pedagogical experience of using LCMS Moodle, modeling (developing a model of standard Moodle course and its use in the educational process), questionnaires (finding out whether the model meets the requirements of the educational process and the direction of further research).

Atik Rokhayani   and Suprihadi   

Cohesion is an important element in writing that must be fulfilled by students as competence to develop systematic and logical texts in expressing ideas. The paper describes the cohesion mastered by the students in writing narrative, recount, and report texts. It belongs to quantitative method. The data are authentic written data of grammatical and lexical cohesion mastered by the students in writing narrative, recount, and report texts. The writers analysed the students' written texts in terms of their cohesion employment. The paper reports the findings that all of cohesive devices are mastered by the students but in different intensity: the most dominant grammatical cohesive device used by the students is reference, while for that of lexical cohesive device is repetition. The students' competence in mastering cohesion is different from one text to another, but in general it is sufficient. Their competence in writing narratives is better than that in recounts and reports. It indicates that the students' narrative texts are readable than the other texts. Cohesion needs to be emphasized in teaching writing so that students can be competent in writing texts.

Olha Matiash   Liubov Mykhailenko   Alina Voievoda   Liudmyla Nakonechna   Ihor Kalashnikov   and Viacheslav Olshevskyi   

On the base of the analysis of the state of mathematical and pedagogical education, the importance of the dual form of education for the training of the prospective mathematics teachers in Ukraine is explained. The advantages of combining the university education with the work place training are highlighted. The experience of the education systems of the USA and the Netherlands, regarding the training of the prospective mathematics teachers at the work place at school, has been analyzed. It is substantiated that the relevance of the dual form of education for training of mathematics teachers will promote the development and testing of specialized learning and teaching support materials for the students in the condition of dual education. Electronic didactic project of the lesson in mathematics, developed and tested by the authors is presented as the electronic tool, intended for practical training, namely, as computer-based functional, its main function is to create the conditions for individual activity and information interaction between the teacher and the student in the process of formation skills of future teachers of mathematics, needed for preparation for the mathematics lesson. By the results of the survey of the experts, it has been determined that the training of the future mathematics teachers to prepare for the lessons of mathematics with the help of the suggested electronic didactic projects of the lessons enables to form the ability to prepare viable project of the lesson; creates the conditions for rapid and efficient methodical aid from the experienced teachers; teaches to take into consideration various components in the process of the lessons preparation; makes comprehend each structural component of the lesson. The conclusion is made, regarding the possibility and expediency of applying the suggested electronic didactic projects of the lessons to provide the efficient methodical training of the future teachers in the conditions of the dual education.

M. Fatchurahman   Muhammad Andi Setiawan   Dina Fariza Tryani Syarif   and Maria Efasanty   

The purpose of this study was to decide whether the Solution Focused Brief Therapy group counseling could improve the career choice decision-making ability. This study applies a quasi-experimental approach with a population of 47 students at the Muhammadiyah 1 Palangkaraya Senior High School. The sample amounted to sixteen people takes purposefully from the results of the Likert scale of career choice with low understanding criteria in career choice and the results of the recommendations of counseling guidance teachers in schools. The research data were collected by several data collection instruments, namely scales, observations, and a checklist of students' problems. The results of the experimental group's statistical analysis showed that the significance value of the t-test value was -1,700, with a significance level of 0.234. Because T count 1,894, the null hypothesis test is accepted, and the alternative hypothesis test rejects. While in the control group, the significance of the t-test value was 0.823, with a significance level of 0.438. The T count ]]> Nov 2020 Source:Universal Journal of Educational Research  Volume  8  Number  12  

Tran Viet Cuong   Dao Tam   and Pham Van Hieu   

The objective of the study to evaluate the effectiveness of lectures designed and applied integrated teaching methods for geometry in grade 9. We conducted research with 10 teachers and 154 students in both experimental and control classes (Grade 9). The tools used include: integrated lesson plans that are selected for the topic (circle) and taught in a period of 3 weeks. Firstly, we designed integrated teaching case studies through two examples, followed by a specific example that will guide teachers to integrate Mathematics in Grade 9. To evaluate research results, we used a carefully designed Rubric to evaluate the teacher's Math teaching process; SPSS version 20 software helps us compare students' Math learning results between experimental and control classes. We have found that there is a significant increase in students' Math performance in terms of how they perceive knowledge, apply knowledge to solve life situations, narrow the gap between math and life situations, increase motivation and increase student flexibility in problem solving.

Baeti Rohman   Jamil Abdul Aziz   Ali Imran   and Jarudin   

Distance education is a set of instructional and instructional strategies for connecting people who have learning needs with the resources needed to meet those needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of distance instructional strategies and learning motivation on learning outcomes of the Qur'an study of the concept of taqwa in a COVID-19 pandemic situation. Experimental research used a quantitative approach. 64 students were divided into two groups. The group was given the treatment of distance instructional through digital media online and the other group with distance instruction through e-books offline. The results of the study were obtained by Significant 0.001 < 0.05, to shows that there are differences in learning outcomes with online digital media instructional strategies to learning outcomes of students who are treated with offline e-book instructional strategies and obtained by Significant 0.003 < 0.05, it means that there is a difference in learning between students who have high learning motivation and student learning outcomes who have low learning motivation. The implication is that distance instructional is dependent on internet network. If students are in rural areas, it will be difficult to implement because many factors for example, infrastructure is not yet available, students from economically disadvantaged circles who didn't have smartphones, or the cost to purchase internet quota expensive.

Edilberto Z. Andal EdD   Albert Andry E. Panergayo   and Maria Remedios G. Almanza   

The global pandemic due to the emergence of COVID-19 impacted the education sector causing the dramatic shift from conventional to flexible learning. To sustain learning continuity, online learning modality rises as a promising instructional response to the pandemic. This study utilized correlational research to explore the factors influencing the online learning self-efficacy of the 387 (57%) teacher education students. It also described the online learning self-efficacy, online readiness, coping strategies, and familiarity and capability of students to educational technology tools. The content-validated and researcher-made instrument which established an excellent reliability index (0.96), was administered via Google forms. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the significant predictors of the students' online learning self-efficacy. The results revealed that online readiness, coping strategies, and familiarity and capability significantly explain the variation in the student's self-efficacy to learn online. The administration and the teachers may consider the students' computer skills, reflect on their readiness for online learning, and understand their coping mechanisms in the digital classroom. These factors could be sourced out in developing instructional materials to meet the diverse needs of the students.

Meriyem Chergui   Aziza Chakir   and Hajar Mansouri   

The problem of knowledge in business was born several years ago. Indeed, new forms of work generate informal learning situations. This is how individuals develop their knowledge and skills. These situations are recognized by companies doing knowledge management. They encourage and make all to build communities of practice and knowledge exchange networks. This makes it possible to formalize the procedures, the good practices and the failures (feedback of experiences) thus to constitute sources of exploitable data. At the university, like any organization, each teacher has his/her own knowledge, his/her know-how, and he/she develops skills on his/her field of work in order to make that knowledge collected. This tacit or implicit teacher knowledge is shared so that each student can appropriate it and use it. However, depending on the nature of knowledge, and given the peculiarity of the pedagogical flow and its dependence on individuals (teacher), creating collective knowledge is not simple. During retirements, transfers, position change or any other academic life event, causing teacher displacement, knowledge may be lost. To deal with this problem, an empirical study of educational system perception of higher education in Morocco was carried out. Emphasis was placed on: pedagogical knowledge management, educational and e-learning platforms and overall student satisfaction. According to obtained results, we propose a smart education knowledge management system based on Artificial Intelligence to avoid loss of pedagogical knowledge and cover learning environment complexities and users' constraints.

Ma. Jamine J. De Guman   

Academe-industry partnership is critical to delivering a holistic learning experience for college students. Employing the descriptive-correlational quantitative method of research, the study aims to assess the level of implementation of the internship program within the university and the industry partner, the student interns' feedback on the industry partners, the level of attainment of internship objectives and the problems encountered during the internship period, through the use of a constructed survey questionnaire. The researcher has determined that the internship program is fully implemented within the campus and the industry partner. Using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, it was found that the level of implementation of the internship program within the industry partner is correlated with the students' feedback, level of attainment of internship objectives, and the seriousness of problems encountered. The level of implementation positively impacts the level of attainment of objectives and the seriousness of problems encountered. However, level of implementation positively correlated with the students' feedback in terms of collaboration and teamwork, communication, people management, and work ethics. It was found to be negatively associated in terms of their feedback of industry partners' support in decision making and empowerment.

Ivan Th. J. Weismann   Hengki Wijaya   and Helaluddin   

This study aims to explore whether there is a relationship between gender, GPA, and multicultural students towards emotional intelligence in STAD cooperative learning in class. In this research, emotional intelligence indicators include self-introducing, self-control, motivation, empathy, and social skills. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers chose a quantitative approach using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) assistance. The participants were 70 students (26 male & 44 female) from the Jaffray School of Theology in Makassar, Indonesia, who had diverse ethnic backgrounds. To analyze the data, researchers used the ANOVA statistical test. The results of data analysis show that gender differences do not determine: (1) emotional intelligence, (2) GP does not learn the increase in emotional intelligence, and (3) the relationship between ethnic backgrounds consisting of eleven tribes does not differ on emotional intelligence. Except for one indicator, namely, self-control is different among the eleven tribes. Gender differences and student GPA did not affect emotional intelligence. Student self-control differs from a student's response to diversity in the classroom and overcoming learning problems. This differs from the research on intellectual intelligence, which is influenced by GPA, gender, and multiculturalism.

Putu Nanci Riastini   Ni Made Sriwijnyani   IGP Suryadarma   and Muhammad Nur Wangid   

This study aimed at developing an application for elementary science education that uses Augmented Reality to integrate culture (folklore) and science knowledge. The application was called SABAR (that stands for Satua Bali (Balinese folklore)-Augmented Reality). It was developed by using the ADDIE model. The analysis stage was carried out by a FGD. At the design stage, SABAR blueprint was prepared, science concepts related to the selected folklore were mapped, the content was drafted, and the initial draft was prepared. At the development stage content validation, practitioners consultation, and feasibility testing were carried out. The results of expert judgment were then analyzed using Aiken's validity index. Then a questionnaire was distributed to 10 elementary school teachers and 100 elementary school students from Denpasar City. The implementation stage was carried out in one-shot case study. The try-out involved one class with 30 students, namely the fifth grade of Public Elementary School No 29 Dangin Puri, Denpasar. The variable tested was scientific literacy. The data were analyzed using one-sample t-test. The final stage was evaluation. The result of the content validity test showed that SABAR has high validity coefficient. The responses of the practitioners and students showed that SABAR is easy to use, attractive, and helps students in learning. The analysis of one-sample test showed that p-value = 0.000. In other words, there is a difference in the elementary school students' scientific literacy when they learned science by using the application. This study needs to be continued with a wider range of population.

M. Arif Rahman Hakim   Septian Nur Aryati   and Dondi Kurniawan   

This study investigates the use of e-dictionaries among students at a Malaysian university. By investigating this aspect of Information Communication Technology (ICT), the opinions of future educators are included and analyzed. The major findings indicate how e-dictionaries caused useful effects to student's ability in spoken form. The researchers applied quantitative method by questionnaires that were answered by 30 respondents chosen based on convenience sampling. Most of the data obtained were collected online and consist of academic articles and journals. This study mainly aimed at identifying how often, in what manner, and what types of electronic dictionaries that respondents used to practice and improve their pronunciation. It can be shown from the findings that the respondents of the research frequently made use of e-dictionaries for practicing their pronunciation, learner's dictionaries was the most favoured one. Overall, the perceptions of the students using electronic dictionaries in EFL learning are generally positive. By using e-dictionaries, learners are able to learn English language in a more convenient and meaningful term.

Martin Vejačka   

Novel technologies enabled the provision of banking services through an electronic environment and the process of fast evolution of electronic banking continues. The educational process of students in the fields of finance and banking should respond to these rapid changes. This article aims to briefly introduce the course of Electronic Services in Banking and outline the possibilities of measuring the efficiency of the education process in the course. The course itself is based on eLearning methods and uses information and communication technologies to allow students to gain theoretical and practical experience with electronic services related to the field of banking. The course also focuses on the security and safe usage of electronic services in banking. The efficiency of learning in the course was measured by comparing the results of pre-course and post-course tests using absolute gain, relative gain, and class average normalized gain over four years' period. The effectiveness of the course was detected in all observed years. Surveys before and after the course were conducted to support the investigation of learning efficiency with results demonstrating positive improvements in participants' knowledge, skills, and acceptance of electronic services in banking. Also, the course attendees' feedback on the course was gathered indicating their highly positive perception of the course. In addition, this feedback serves as a source of suggestions for improving the educational process of the course in the following years.

Marzila Omar   and Nurulwahida Azid   

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of CVC (Consonant-Vocal-Consonant) Arm Tapping interactive application among Year Two students using mixed method approach and pre-experimental design through pre-test and post-test involving a group of 30 students who perform poorly in English Language subject. Eight teachers answered the questionnaire to obtain reliability value using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) method. An average measure of .970 with a 95% confidence interval from .915 up to .373 (F(7,259) = 33.898, p < .000) showed a near-perfect agreement among the evaluators on the information, interaction and presentation design for the application. Findings from score analysis showed that no students were in the low profile while 66.67% of them rose to higher profile. Paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores after using the application (t (29) = -12.62, p <0.05). Interview with five students and three teachers found teaching and learning using interactive application showed positive impacts on students' interest and motivation, meaningful experiences, and students preferred learning using technology instead of the conventional method. This study has identified suitable approaches and methods for phonics teaching.

Luz de Estrella Hernández-Rivera   Carlos R. Jaimez-González   and Betzabet García-Mendoza   

Games are considered entertaining activities that help the mental and physical stimulation of people; they are especially useful and necessary for learning and cognitive development in children. On the other hand, human's memory has an important role in playing games because of the concentration and memorization processes that are carried out. The memory game in particular serves as a complement in the cognitive development of the human being; it consists of finding equal pairs of cards in a diverse set of them. This paper presents a web platform to create memory games for educational purposes, intended to support the teaching-learning process of different subjects for primary school children. The platform is divided into two systems: the administrator system, which is used by teachers in order to create memory games; and the games themselves, which are generated by the platform for the students to play. The modules that compose the web platform are described and some of the interfaces of the system are shown. A comparative analysis of five existing tools for memory games is also presented, in which the most relevant features were reviewed, such as the possibility to generate new games, the cost to play games, the option to create different types of memory games, the possibility to store the games in the system, the interactivity of the interface, among others.

Bakar Djibat   

This study aims to analyze and reveal the philosophy of "Nhaguru" from the Makian people's education in North Maluku province. In this study, the qualitative method uses a phenomenological approach by making humans the main research, especially the Makian people in the North Maluku. Only humans can "Nhaguru" or become teachers; that is to say, even non-human beings must be taught by humans, and only humans, if before God, have the highest rank among other creatures. What distinguishes humans from other creatures is that humans are equipped with reason, thoughts, feelings, love, and beliefs to enhance life quality. Humans are self-aware and self-aware subjects. Humans are subjects who are aware of their existence. They can distinguish themselves from everything that is outside themselves. Humans can think about themselves and their surroundings and be mindful of their thoughts. Even though humans are aware of the difference with nature, humans are part of it in the context of the whole of nature. Humans can question the origin of their existence. Education is the process of changing the attitudes and behavior of a person or people group to mature humans. Humans must be humanized because someday they will humanize humans, and this process must be through education. Education is a process of educating, guiding, or helping. Education is an attempt to humanize humans to reach maturity. Because God created humans with a mind and mind, humans need to develop their lives to satisfy their curiosity. This study's results are expected to reveal why every Makian family in North Maluku always has family members who become teachers.

Munirul Abidin   

Today, higher education (HE) has experienced significant changes in various fields. Universities that were previously only places to transfer knowledge, research, and community services have turned into business institutions similar to companies. Competition between universities is inevitable, encouraging every university to help the community get their sympathy and trust. One of them is reinventing higher education bureaucracy. This paper aims to explain the characteristics of Higher Education entrepreneurial bureaucracy and the implementation of entrepreneurial values in improving HE's bureaucratic performance. The study was conducted at three universities in the city of Malang Indonesia using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation and an in-depth interview method and analyzed through three stages: necessary coding, co-occurrence, and clustering techniques. This study found several entrepreneurial values that applied to universities in developing an entrepreneurial bureaucratic system. The implementation of entrepreneurial values into HE bureaucracy provides space for them to create and bring innovative services to the community more flexibly, fast, and accountable. This study also revealed several strategic steps taken by universities in implementing entrepreneurial values and reinventing their bureaucracy. The research results also display several theoretical implications illustrate that an entrepreneurship orientation goes hand in hand with a growth orientation.

Asep Samsudin   Bachrudin Musthafa   and Dadang Sunendar   

Self-Access Centre (SAC) originating from self-access language learning is expected to be an explorative learning that can make students content with learning language about new literacies and it is also easy for them to understand. In terms of independence concept, SAC is equipped by the facilities that support learning process consisting of applications and equipment. In related to the samples, the fourth-grade students are more interested to explore the learning process by using visual media and facilities that are packaged to attract their attention. The application of SAC facilities becomes a source of current information and an embodiment of technological integration with literacy that is easy for students to understand. The observation of such application is conducted every day in six months and the interview session is done in certain times when the students are free. This study uses qualitative methods aimed at knowing and understanding occurring phenomena, the learning process, or the views and input of the research subjects involved. The data collection is considered to be finished. On the research evidence evaluation stage, the NUD*IST software is implemented to search for emerging and developing themes and the evidences are collected based on these themes. Three categories, namely the construction of knowledge, language learning and the theories of listening and reading become more evident. In terms of knowledge construction, the sub-category of clarification, association and development is determined. The category of reading contains process and product. Its sub-category is problem solving. The third category, the independent learning through SAC contains the sub-category of simplifying the learning style and independence. Based on the categories above, the theory of knowledge construction, learning & problem solving, and learning through SAC is related to the students' experiences. The fourth category, integration of subjects, is intended to be an evidence containing reading skill. The fifth category, students' independence, is also influenced intentionally by the SAC program.

Wafula N. K.   Bota K. N.   and Kabuka E. K.   

Many universities in developing economies are now recognising the role of the university in entrepreneurship education and development of key entrepreneurial skills by students. Consequently many universities in these nations are expanding the curriculum contents of entrepreneurship courses and training to help students develop these key skills. As a student entrepreneur it is important that students are taught the capabilities of instantly thinking outside the box which also involves empathising in order to visualize the various outcomes. Often from these challenges a student entrepreneur can take advantage of opportunities, if they are taught how to engage empathy to clearly see them. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to examine the influence of empathy among university students as a determinant of creation of successful and innovative students' start-ups. The moderating role of experiential learning was also assessed. To achieve this goal, a sample size of 357 students of Covenant University in Nigeria, was used. The data collected were analysed by means of regression analysis and Hayes process macro. The result showed that empathy has positive significant effect on students' start-ups among university students (p < 0.05) and experiential learning moderated the relationship between empathy and students start-ups among university students. Based on the findings the study concluded that university managers and other stakeholders in developing countries may expand entrepreneurship training and education curriculum contents based on the development of empathy as an entrepreneurial skill. The findings also indicated that moderate levels of experiential learning activities are required to achieve best results. Therefore, university managers and other stakeholders may expand the curriculum of entrepreneurship training and education regimes to cover the development of empathy as an entrepreneurial skill. It is important to state that empathy is an entrepreneurial skill that can be developed hence, teaching empathy as a theme targeted at the creation of creative start-ups is considered favourable in this regard.

Debra L. Cote   Erica Howell   Shannon L. Sparks   and Malia Kasai   

Transitions from high school to an institution of higher education (IHE) can be compromised for young individuals with disabilities. Markedly, students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who attend college encounter unique challenges. These include aspects related to social contexts, anxiety, scheduling, relationships, organization, self-disclosure, meeting deadlines, communication, friendships, isolation, decision making, and goal setting. In order to meet this need, California State University, Fullerton offers the peer assisted college support program (PACS) to students with ASD enrolled at the university. PACS is a peer supported mentoring model that assists culturally and linguistically diverse students with ASD in navigating the college campus [1]. The aim of this paper is to provide a description of the PACS program at California State University, Fullerton as originally designed and then demonstrates how revisions were decided upon and implemented in light of participant and faculty feedback. A previous report highlighted the program structure and noted the short-term and long-term impacts [1]. Information gathered from the program identified programmatic barriers; reflections and conclusions resulted in program revisions. Current enhancements include a newly revised online framework that is easily accessible and maintainable. Program outcomes, sustainable resources, timeline protocols, collaborative university/district partnerships, and guidelines are presented.

Ali Abdul Hadi Al-Omari   and Belal Ahmed Al-Dhoon   

This study aimed at investigating the effect of using E- mind mapping strategy and learning styles on the achievements of tenth-grade students in biology. To achieve the objectives of the study, a quasi-experimental approach was applied. The study sample was divided into two groups, the control group consisted of (24) students who were taught by using the conventional method, and the experimental group (50) students who were taught by using the E- mind mapping strategy. The researchers applied two instruments which were preferred learning styles (VARK) scale (Visual: V. Auditory: A. Read/Write: R. Kinesthetic: K.), and a multiple-choice achievement test for the unit "Taxonomy and Prokaryotes". The results reveal that there is a significant statistical difference at (α=0.05) in achievement due to instructional strategy in favor of the experimental group, and there are statistically significant differences at (α= 0.05) in achievement for the levels of Bloom's Taxonomy (remember, understand and apply) in favor of the experimental group. The results also reveal that there are no statistically significant differences at (α= 0.05) between the two groups attributed to the learning style or the interaction between the instructional strategy and the learning styles.

Maxwell Olokundun   Guleduwa Joyce Dishon   Ayodotun Stephen Ibidunni   and Mercy Ogbari   

Many universities in developing economies are now recognising the role of the university in entrepreneurship education and development of key entrepreneurial skills by students. Consequently many universities in these nations are expanding the curriculum contents of entrepreneurship courses and training to help students develop these key skills. As a student entrepreneur it is important that students are taught the capabilities of instantly thinking outside the box which also involves empathising in order to visualize the various outcomes. Often from these challenges a student entrepreneur can take advantage of opportunities, if they are taught how to engage empathy to clearly see them. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to examine the influence of empathy among university students as a determinant of creation of successful and innovative students' start-ups. The moderating role of experiential learning was also assessed. To achieve this goal, a sample size of 357 students of Covenant University in Nigeria, was used. The data collected were analysed by means of regression analysis and Hayes process macro. The result showed that empathy has positive significant effect on students' start-ups among university students (p < 0.05) and experiential learning moderated the relationship between empathy and students start-ups among university students. Based on the findings the study concluded that university managers and other stakeholders in developing countries may expand entrepreneurship training and education curriculum contents based on the development of empathy as an entrepreneurial skill. The findings also indicated that that moderate levels of experiential learning activities are required to achieve best results. Therefore, university managers and other stakeholders may expand the curriculum of entrepreneurship training and education regimes to cover the development of empathy as an entrepreneurial skill. It is important to state that empathy is an entrepreneurial skill that can be developed hence, teaching empathy as a theme targeted at the creation of creative start-ups is considered favourable in this regard.

Lisnawati Rusmin   Sakka Hasan   La Rabani   Mansyur M   and I Ketut Suardika   

Moral education is necessary from an early age for instilling in students. Nonetheless, moral education cannot be distinguished from the instruction of conduct and etiquette by a teacher, but also how values can be applying in social life. Implementation in social studies is closely related to how to live, especially cultivating children in the school environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of moral education in elementary schools. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the triangulation method. The subject of research is at one of the schools in elementary school 14 Kendari Barat. The finding of this study is that respect and responsibility are two fundamental moral values that must be taught to students in school. Furthermore, Moral values are given to students in elementary school 14 Kendari Barat is honesty, responsibility, discipline, caring, cooperation and democracy. All these values a positive influence on the child's behavior if appropriately taught. It takes a good collaboration of the school and the family in the process of development of moral values to children.

Obianuju Ebele Okeke-Uzodike   and Emem Anwana   

Work Integrated learning within the South African purview was introduced into the Higher Education system not only to align students to the world of work, but also to address the skills gap and shortages within society. The emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and its perceived challenges, require not only the government but various stakeholders to explore innovative and creative ideas and ways of thinking aimed at managing the technologically-driven business environment. In view of this, this article examines the extent to which work integrated learning prepares students in terms of readiness for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The article adopted a qualitative research approach using structured interviews with students and focus group from a workshop engagement involving three identified stakeholders: a University of Technology, students, and the Department of Education. The findings of the study demonstrated the positive impact of Work Integrated Learning in students' work preparedness and further, provided in-depth knowledge on various challenges detrimental to students' skills and knowledge development for the world of work. The implications of this study impact the effective roles of key stakeholders in addressing the required competencies needed in readiness for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The study recommends, amongst others, aligning the education system to the needs of the economy.

Lise Chamisijatin   Rini Dwi Lestari   Husamah   Ahmad Fauzi   Diani Fatmawati   and Siti Nurhasanah   

Learning media plays an important role in increasing students' interest and motivation in science. This study aimed at analyzing the feasibility of comic as a learning media for human musculoskeletal system topic as well as analyzing its potential in improving the learning outcomes of eighth graders. The Gall and Borg [1] development model was chosen as the basis of the study procedure. Interview sheets, validation questionnaires, student response sheets, and test sheets were used as the instruments in data collection. The comic validation results gained from the both content and media experts were 82% and 80% respectively, which means that the comic developed was categorized as ‘good'. Moreover, the results of pilot test done showed that the students' learning outcomes increased from 69 to 95, while the students' response has reached 96.77%. In addition, the large-scale trial results indicated that the students' learning outcomes have significantly increased (Z = 7.296, p = 0.000). The findings in this study indicate that the comic learning media developed was potential in improving the quality of biology learning process in junior high schools.

Ma. Socorro Gonzaga-Leong-on   

Cellular Respiration, the mechanism of how organisms generate energy to sustain activities while living, is one of the challenging topics to teach and learn in Biology. There is therefore a need for aspiring elementary educators in science to evaluate the defined instructional package for this topic. This study was conducted at a private university in Iloilo City, Philippines, to describe the evaluation of a cellular respiration instructional package in a Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) Biology class. This was conducted during the first semester of the school year 2019-2020. The study used descriptive research from 22 out of 23 BEED Biology class. The cellular respiration instructional package significantly increased the BEED Biology class' knowledge (Z=3.52; p=0.00). Generally, the print instructional package for cellular respiration was rated excellent (M = 91.25%, SD = 2.03). Creative and rational thoughts, improvement of scientific attitude and reasoning, constructive work, helpfulness or collaboration or cooperation, solidarity and willingness to know the right and the wrong were the top values viewed by the BEED Biology class. The study provided a basis of the use of a developed instructional package for cellular respiration among BEED students.

Mohd Rahimi A Rahman   Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor   Jamalul Lail Abdul Wahab   and Ashairi Suliman   

This study aims to examine the relationship between educational transformation leadership and the quality of teachers in secondary schools, as well as to identify the impact of total quality management practices on the relationship between both variables. This study used a cross-sectional survey involving 423 secondary school teachers from across Malaysia. Data were collected using questionnaires adapted from Total Quality Management Instruments, Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire and Malaysian Teacher Standards Instruments. This study used the Pearson Correlation inference analysis to determine the relationship between variables and SPSS Process Macro 3.0 analysis to identify mediator effects. The results show that the relationships between educational leadership and Total Quality Management practices (.768), Total Quality Management practices and teacher quality (.942), educational transformational leadership and teacher quality (.846) are all positive and significant. In addition, the Variance Accounted For (VAF) for the mediator is 64.62%. Thus, it can be concluded that Total Quality Management has a partial mediator effect on the relationship between educational transformational leadership and teacher quality in secondary schools. The findings of this study can contribute to the improvement of school management practices, specifically through the implementation of educational transformational leadership, Total Quality Management and teachers' quality. In summary, the findings suggest that educational transformational leadership and Total Quality Management can contribute to the improvement of teachers' quality.

S. S. Kolomiets   O. V. Tsepkalo   and I. I. Antonenko   

The present study aims at considering a questionnaire as an instrument of needs analysis in teaching English for special purposes (ESP). One of key factors in implementing market oriented changes into educational process lies in specifying both employers' and students' needs in teaching ESP. A needs analysis in the form of questionnaires is used to identify the most needed abilities in oral and written specialism oriented communication in English, thus, contributing to determining the content of learning. In National ESP Curriculum, the content covers professional and academic content; situational content (the context within which the materials, activities, etc., are presented); and pragmatic content (necessary practical and useful skills). It also takes into account students' backgrounds and their study and target needs. The content selection for ESP syllabi is specified by questionnaires for university students, young professionals, ESP and subject teachers, administrators. The paper focuses on the surveys conducted in the Institute of Publishing and Printing and the Faculty of Chemical Engineering with the aim to gather information about students' needs in learning written specialism-oriented writing. Examining studies in the field of ESP in general and needs analysis in particular was accepted as the theoretical basis of the study. The research results show that questionnaires are effective tools in specifying the content of learning, defining students' motives in learning written communication. The interpretation of the survey helped to improve the process of teaching and learning outcomes. The findings suggest that students' feedback in the form of answering the questions of questionnaires should be regular practice in the process of teaching. It became clear that writing and using questionnaires as well as analyzing and interpreting their results require special knowledge and skills and should be implemented in the process of developing writing skills in ESP teaching.

Iswan   Herwina Bahar   Agus Suradika   Ahmad Susanto   Farihen Misriandi   and Zainudin Hassan   

This study aims to know about the effect of Classroom Management Implementation on Achievement Student learning. The approach in this research is quantitative research. The results of this study are based on the results of statistical tests. Based on the test results with the linear equation formula shows, that the coefficients table (a) regression equation model, learning achievement results can be predicted, influenced by the results of class management implementation which is obtained value Y =31,147+15,929 X. Variable Y is the result of learning, and X is the implementation of classroom management. Based on the results of the linear equation test, it can be analyzed, among others, if the teacher does not implement classroom management, then the value (X = 0), and the results of students' learning achievement statistical value test is obtained at 31,147+15,929(1)=57,176. Then the regression coefficient of value mounts to b=31.147, the amount of students' achievement scores increase in line with increase in the results of implementing class management. The result of the regression equation Y= 31,147+15,929, the value of X used as the basis for the calculation increases with the level of students' learning achievement, who are influenced by the implementation of good classroom management.

Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz   Shahirah Sulaiman   and Nor Hamizah Ab Razak   

Learning in higher institution is a challenging situation. Students may adapt well to the new academic environment or might experience failure in coping with the demand of real-life learning. In most of the time, they would be physically and emotionally drained. Hence, this study investigated students in public higher learning institution on managing their emotional intelligence and self-efficacy towards their academic performance in such setting. A total of 150 valid questionnaires were collected in a public university in Selangor, Malaysia using purposive sampling method. The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASE) and Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) instruments were used. In order to achieve the study's objective, the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) for its descriptive analyses, t-test and Pearson correlation analyses. It was found that there is a significant relationship between students' emotional intelligence and academic performance, self-efficacy based on academic performance and there is a relationship between students' emotional intelligence and academic self-efficacy. It is vital to investigate this area of study as it would affect this tertiary students' performance in their studying years.

Zainab Lawal Ibrahim   Aqeel Khan   and Jamaluddin bin Ramli   

Despite Nigerian government's initiatives such as Northern Education Initiative (NEI), Girl Education Project (GEP) and Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) in bridging the massive educational gap between males and females in Sokoto state it remains one of the states with high illiteracy level due to cultural and socio-economic status factors affecting female education. The study investigated the attitudes of parents towards female education and cultural and socio-economic factors responsible for low enrolment and recurrent withdrawal from school. Simple survey design was used, population of 800 students from Women centre for continuing education (WCCE). A sample of 260 students was drawn using Krejcie and Morgan table. Attitudes of parents towards female education questionnaire (APTFEQ) with a reliability of 0.76 and effect of socio-cultural and socio-economic factors on female education questionnaire (ESCSEFFEQ) with 0.84 reliability were the instruments used in collection of data. The study found out that parents have negative attitude towards female education and poverty is the major reason for low enrolment of female students and recurrent withdrawal. Early marriage, gender inequality, religion, child labour and uneducated parents also contributed to such situations. Recommendations were that government should provide free education to females, provision of job opportunities to reduce poverty rate and public awareness campaign on the importance of female education. Female counsellors are required to counsel female students to be successful Academicians in their society. Counsellors should organize conferences and use such forums in conversing with parents about the importance of female education as the major implications for counselling.

Evania Yafie   Besse Nirmala   Lia Kurniawaty   Tri Sugiarti M Bakri   Anwar Bani Hani   and Diana Setyaningsih   

Cognitive development is defined as a change in behavior that results in individuals obtaining, organizing, and implementing knowledge in reasoning and solving problems. This research aims to analyze the effect of multimedia learning and scientific approach on cognitive development. This research uses experimental quantitative research that divides research participants into an experimental group and a control group. The results show that there are differences in the mean scores of logical thinking, symbolic thinking, problem-solving in the pre-test and post-test where the post-test scores are higher, so it can be concluded that the two treatments in the control and experimental groups can improve children's cognitive development. Furthermore, the gain score value shows that the experimental group has a higher score meaning so that the experimental group is better than the control group. This is by the t-test which shows that the provision of multimedia learning with the scientific approach given to the experimental class is better than the control class which only uses the scientific approach.

Donna Boedi Maritasari   Punadji Setyosari   Dedi Kuswandi   and Henry Praherdhiono   

The low competence and quality of teacher performance in learning is the basis of researchers to test the effect of training and supervision on teacher performance through teacher competence as a mediating variable in primary schools. This research uses a quantitative approach to prove the correlation and causal relationship, the researchers used a. This type of research that will be used in this research is explanatory research or research that is directed to explain the influence between the variables studied. The sample in this study was 100 elementary school teachers in East Lombok regency who were taken by non-probability sampling with the type of purposive sampling. This study uses data analysis methods using PLS (Partial Least Square) is a multivariate statistical technique that makes comparisons between multiple dependent variables and multiple independent variables. The results of this study found that the training had significant and positive influences on teacher competence. The training significantly and positively influences on teacher performance. Supervision influences significantly and positively on teacher competence. Teacher competence influences significantly and positively on teacher performance. But the supervision does not affect teacher performance. This can be seen from each action carried out by teachers who can increase creative and advanced competencies and performance.

Mohammad Naim Rahim   and Sandaran S. C.   

eLearning is implemented as an educational approach in teaching and learning EFL globally. Although, eLearning is said to enhance EFL education, there are still barriers and opportunities for the use of this approach that needs to be investigated. While there is wide research on eLearning, within the context of Afghanistan EFL practices, there is a need for more investigations. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of Afghan EFL teachers' perceptions, barriers and opportunities of implementing eLearning at universities. The study applied a qualitative approach. The respondents were 6 EFL teachers, purposefully selected from the English Department of a particular university in Afghanistan. The data were collected via semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used for coding. The findings showed that the teachers have a basic understanding of eLearning as well as its potentials for use at university-level EFL teaching and learning. It is also highlighted that the educational system has been transformed, and that eLearning provides a practical and visual language teaching with an anytime/anywhere learning opportunities. Some of the major barriers of eLearning implementation mentioned by the teachers include lack of regular supply of electricity, low speed internet, limited access to ICT tools, and lack of computer labs. The EFL teachers' interest to implement eLearning shows they are motivated to use eLearning in the EFL classroom, but due to the barriers, it is a challenge that the teachers find it hard to overcome as one of the biggest challenges is the lack of regular supply of electricity. The findings could help the Ministry of Higher Education of Afghanistan to consider this as an urgent need for changes to be made especially as in the new normal, COVID-19 pandemic era, due to digital disruption, virtual classrooms have become the norm worldwide. Without proper ICT systems, power supply and skills, both the teachers and students in Afghanistan would be greatly disadvantaged.

Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman   Lokman Mohd Tahir   Siti Nisrin Mohd Anis   and Mohd Fadzli Ali   

In ensuring schools achieving its excellence, the role of school leaders as instructional leaders is considered as relevant and officially documented in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (PPPM) 2013–2025. Previous studies have pointed out challenges faced by principals at various educational systems can delay the implementation of instructional leadership within school contexts. Even though there are extensive literatures on instructional leadership, there is a lack of studies that explored challenges faced by school leaders while implementing instructional leadership practices within the Malaysian schools. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted with the purpose to explore challenges and obstacles faced by secondary principals while implementing their instructional leadership practice. A total of seven senior principals who had led their schools for at least five years were interviewed. The study revealed that the secondary principals faced two main challenges: the internal and external challenges. Externally, principals faced challenges from parents and teachers' negative attitudes and even less monitoring from the school's stakeholders. In terms of internal challenges, senior principals were challenged with their limited experience and knowledge on instructional leadership which lessen their roles as a resource person to all teachers and as instructional leaders. The findings of the study had led to the practical implications for the improvement of instructional leadership practices in Malaysian secondary schools' context.

Ng Han Guan   Muhammad Abd Hadi Bunyamin   and Noorzana Khamis   

Many perspectives of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are available, but which perspective is common among science teachers? This study aims to determine major and minor STEM education perspectives of physics teachers using Bybee's nine perspectives. A number of 70 in-service physics teachers were selected by using cluster random sampling. Data were collected via an online survey using questionnaire items derived from Bybee's review. Pilot testing, face validity assessment and content validity were conducted to determine 27 items that fitted with the nine perspectives of STEM education. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. This study found that the major perspective of STEM held by the teachers is the perspective that deems engineering or technology as a bridge between science and mathematics. Many teachers were inclined to have inter/multi/transdisciplinary perspectives of STEM than single-disciplinary. Nonetheless, all seven perspectives that are inter/multi/transdisciplinary have no statistically significant differences among them. Additionally, two STEM perspectives that are single-disciplinary kinds have recorded a significant difference in their means. The implications of this study to the literature, STEM teaching and learning, and professional development programs are discussed.

Suyitno Suyitno   Riawan Yudi Purwoko   Yuli Widiyono   Dwi Jatmoko   M. Nurtanto   and Zainudin Hassan   

This study aims to: (1) determine the feasibility of learning media for electric charging systems based on Macromedia Flash 8 and (2) to determine the ratio of student learning outcomes of the learning medium electrical charging system based on Macromedia Flash 8. This research's method is the Research and Development (R & D) based on the 4D research and development model. Steps being taken, namely the definition phase (define), the planning (design), stage of development (develop), and the deployment phase (disseminate). Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observation, and questionnaires. The object of research is the vocational school. Based on the results of the validation by the material, experts obtained an average score of cumulative learning media by 90, 0 % with the criteria "Very Eligible". There is no revision of the material. The average incremental score validation by media experts by 90, 0 % with standards" Very Decent, the trial is conducted through 2 stages, namely the control class trial and experimental class trial. Before being tested on the control and experimental classes, small group and large group tests were performed. In the small group trials, an average score of 93, 7 % was obtained with the criteria "Valid," and the extensive group trial results obtained an average score of 94.8% with the criteria "Valid." Test try experimental class earned an average score of 8 6, 7 with the requirements of "Good" means that the media developed feasible to use and ready to be used as teaching materials.

Ali Sorayyaei Azar   and Nur Haslinda Iskandar Tan   

With the sudden changes caused by the ongoing worldwide pandemic in Malaysia and rapid progress in the educational learning system towards online learning, some teachers wondered about the application of technology in students' education and how it would impact their learning process. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are (1) to contextually understand the university interns' perception of ICT Techs (MALL, Gamification, and VR) in teaching English for secondary school students during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia, and (2) to determine which of these ICT Techs (MALL, Gamification, and VR) would be most preferred by the interns for teaching English to secondary school students in Malaysia. The research design for this study was quantitative and a web-based questionnaire was adapted from three articles (Mihaela Badea, 2015; Huseyin Oz, 2015; and Ali Rahimi, Niloofar Seyed Golshan & Hooman Mohebi, 2013). The reliability test indicated a value of 0.866 with Cronbach's Alpha reliability statistic. From a total of 63 university interns selected from a private university in Malaysia, the results indicated that 38.1% chose MALL, 33% chose Gamification, and 29% chose VR, as their preferred technology to teach English for secondary school students during this Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Evidence suggested that online learning can be more effective for students where they can control their own learning pace, compared to learning in a classroom environment. Thus, future English teachers should explore and apply innovative pedagogical methods in the teaching-learning process during pandemic outbreak in Malaysia, while contributing to the development of motivation, participation, and engagement among secondary school students in acquiring the English language.

Marlia Puteh   Shahirah Abu Bakar   Ayu Rita Mohamad   Lili Zahra Ramly   Nurhasmiza Abu Hasan Sazalli   Othman Zainon   Nilam Nur Amir Sjarif   Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid   Effie Law-Chong Lai   and Nigel Bannister   

Communication poses several problems, particularly to English second language (ESL) learners. In overcoming these problems, some ESL learners employ communicative strategies. This study reports the efforts undertaken by Malaysian ESL learners in enhancing their communication with the native speakers during collaborative cross-cultural online activities through Astronomy Online Lab (AOL). This AOL module was utilized to achieve twofold objectives namely enhancing students' communication skills and promoting knowledge exchange during the live discussions. 29 undergraduate students from a Malaysian public university and a UK university explored the Astronomy topics online and experienced the simulation during the two live sessions conducted for one month. Data were collected from a face-to-face interview with all the Malaysian students. The students' expectations before the live sessions, difficulties confronted when communicating with the native speakers, the communicative strategies and experience during the interactive activities were explored. The findings revealed that conversational issues such as the native's accent and the challenge in formulating strategies for solving communication problems during the conversations posed difficulties to the students. A general pattern of indirect and interactional communicative strategies as promoted by Dörnyei and Scott (1997) was evident during the interactions.

Mohd Rustam Mohd Rameli   Najua Syuhada Ahmad Alhassora   Muhammad Abd Hadi Bunyamin   and Chuzairy Hanri   

The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has changed the education delivery system. Educators are encouraged to continue the online teaching process to ensure that students can continue to learn whereby a program or course which is designed intentionally to be carried out fully online through some platforms that include Skype, Zoom, Google meet, Webex, and Kahoot. Thus, there is a need in conducting a study to identify the attitude and self-esteem towards online learning especially among student teachers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate student teachers' attitude towards online learning, student's teacher's self-esteem towards online learning and also the relationship between attitude and self-esteem towards online learning among student teachers. A total of 143 student teachers who undergo their teaching practicum are involved in this study. There are two instruments used in this study which are self-develop (Questionnaire measuring Attitude) and adopted instrument from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (RSES). All the collected data were analysed by using Rasch Measurement Model. Based on the result, the student's teachers show better attitude in the aspect of cognitive but negative attitude in the aspect of affective and behaviour. Meanwhile, the overall student teachers have moderate level of self-esteem. Findings showed that the self-esteem was significantly positive and moderately related with attitude towards the correlation coefficient .500. In conclusion, attitude and self-esteem are the important aspect for an educator in order to maintain a good teaching and effective learning process to the students even in facing an emergency situation.

Abdullah A. Almadhady   Abdul Rahim Haji Salam   and Harmi Izzuan Baharum   

MALL could be applied to improve English speaking of EFL students. One of the important issues related to the use of MALL applications is the motivation towards using these applications by learners. The main aim of this study is to identify the motivation of using MALL applications by Arab EFL students for English speaking improvements. A conceptual model was proposed based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The proposed model presents seven research hypotheses to test the relationship among three layers of variables. The independent variables include the external reasons to use MALL applications such as accessibility, availability, and variety of learning styles. The motivational factors of using MALL applications (mediating variables) include such as usefulness and ease of use. The third model layer is the actual use of MALL applications (dependent variables) such as the attitudes toward using MALL applications. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 152 students at Al-Anbar University in Iraq. The data analyzed using SEM through AMOS tool. The results showed that the students are motivated to use MALL application for speaking improvements due to the ease of use and the usefulness of these applications. The students' motivation is supported by many reasons such as MALL accessibility, availability, enjoyment, variety of learning styles, and flexibility in learning.

Abdul Qawi Noori   Hamdan Said   Faizah Mohamad Nor   and Faizah Abd Ghani   

Many studies reported that the way in which lecturers behave with the college-going students affects those students' overall development. Unfortunately, most of the studies related to the influence of lecturers' behaviour on students' development were conducted either in developed or developing countries. There were very limited studies focusing on the influence of lecturers' behaviour on students' development, conducted in developing countries, particularly a country which experienced prolonged war and instability. This quantitative study fulfilled this gap by examining the perceptions of lecturers on the relationship between the lecturer's behaviour and student's motivation. A 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was delivered to all lecturers in Takhar University, a very small university in Afghanistan. From a total of 180 questionnaires delivered, only 151 completed and usable questionnaires were returned for further analysis. The data were analysed using the SPSS. The analysis of data indicated that regardless of education levels and the country's rate of development and stability, lecturers' perceptions have a significant influence on lecturers' behaviour and students' motivation. The findings also revealed that the different age categories of the lecturers and their behaviours influenced tertiary education students' motivation differently. It can be concluded that higher education administrators must focus their attention on ensuring that the institutions hire lecturers from different age categories and outstanding behaviour to better influence students' motivation.

Azmir Hashim   Lokman Mohd Tahir   Mohammed Borhandden Musah   Noor Azean Atan   and Siti Nisrin Mohd Anis   

The concept of collegial supervision (CS) is defined as collaborative work beyond their professional sphere of relationships often offered by educators through feedback and sharing platform. However, there is still lack of studies and instruments that evaluated the CS practice within Malaysian context. In measuring the suitability of CS practice in secondary schools in Malaysia, a questionnaire with 26 self-developed items that represent five sub-dimensions/constructs namely, collegial relations, teacher's province, teacher growth, teacher collaboration, and reflective inquiry was developed from series of interviews with secondary teachers. The major aim of this paper is to validate and examined the psychometric elements through the application of Rasch analysis in measuring items'-person reliability, principal component analysis, items - person distribution, fit and dimensionality analyses. The analysis was performed based on feedback of 357 teachers from secondary teachers. Findings revealed on high values on person-items reliability, and the items' difficulty are significantly aligned or matched with teachers' ability. Also, principal component analysis revealed an acceptable value of raw variance explained, and that most teachers agreed with most of the items through structure measurement on the items' validity. Thus, it is concluding on the internal consistencies of the items within Malaysian CS which later contributed to the CS items for Malaysian secondary schools.

Nor Aizal Akmal Binti Rohaizad   Mohd Izzamuddin Nadin   Azlina Binti Mohd Kosnin   Aqeel Khan   and Grace Annammal Gnana Piragasam   

Many researchers have done extensive research on Emotional Intelligence (EI) part. There are many instruments that have been developed to serve as a measure of emotional intelligence. These include the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI Test (MSCEIT), the Multi Factor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) and several other Emotional Intelligence measures. However, it is found that the existing EI instrument does not measure children's emotional intelligence (EI). The Emotional Intelligence should be emphasized in children's development. Children who have a good level of emotional intelligence (EI) will be able to manage their lives in a more orderly and harmonious. Good emotional control is a very important aspect in the well-being of individuals. In this study, the researcher wanted to do a basic analysis of the children EI by building a pre-school children EI rubrics age group of four to six years. The study was conducted at a preschool in Kuala Terengganu district involving 20 children. The research data will be through the evaluation process by five academic specialists in the field using the Cohen Kappa Consensus Coefficient Rating Scale formula. Qualitative data were analysed using triangulation methods through qualitative categorization and thematic analysis. Quantitative data, on the other hand, will be analysed using the Rasch Model to see its validity and reliability. The implications of this study are expected to be a basic children's Emotional Intelligence study focusing on EI development in education to produce a competent, skilled, creative and innovative generation.

Nanis Hairunisya   and Sunaryanto   

The implementation of the economics curriculum 2013 still faces various obstacles and not all educators understand that Indonesian economic values must be taught in schools. Meanwhile, the need for student behavior based on Indonesian economic values is increasingly urgent. The purpose of this study is to examine the curriculum based on Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution during the Covid 19 period, as a basis for making teaching materials. This study uses qualitative methods and focus group discussion as a means of validating data following observation, documentation and interviews. What is analyzed is the general objectives of the curriculum and philosophy of economics. It is found that the philosophy of Indonesian economic behavior has not been accommodated in the curriculum material. The systematics of matter is incompatible with the systematics of economic theory. There is no philosophical foundation of essentialism and philosophy for solving social problems. Economic theory learning is integrated with applied economics. The formulation of the basic competencies of the curriculum does not actualize changes in the economic life of the community during the Covid 19 period. It was found that there was a shift in the values and culture of society in solving economic problems and the implementation of the quality of learning was indicated to have decreased, because teachers and students had to change their face-to-face learning behavior with online learning. The reconstruction of the economic education curriculum in SMA should be carried out. Contribution in the field, there needs to be a reconstruction of the economic education curriculum, especially in the material structure, determination of basic competencies based on Indonesian economic behavior that uses a humanist approach, experimentalism and social reconstructivism in anticipating shifts in the values and culture of society in solving economic problems.

Susanna Vonny N. Rante   Helaluddin   Hengki Wijaya   Harmelia Tulak   and Umrati   

The purpose of this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is to identify: (a) research topics, (b) research methods used, and (c) research results on inclusive education in Indonesia. This study was an SLR using the PRISMA model by identifying various appropriate and relevant literature. The PRISMA model adopted in this study contains four stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Data search was carried out using criteria determined by researchers from various search engines such as Google Scholar, ERIC, Scopus, Researchgate, and others, which resulted in 9 articles for further analysis. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using a qualitative approach in describing the research findings. The results showed that three main research themes have been found, namely the implementation of inclusive education, teaching & learning in inclusive classrooms, and the inclusive education curriculum. Outline, the analysis results of these articles stated that the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia is still not as expected. These findings are expected to become the basis for teachers, education observers, and education policymakers, both local and central government or the Ministry of Education to implement education policies that support the progress of inclusive education in Indonesia.

Ziad M. Alkhazaleh   

This study aimed at recognizing the effectiveness of a group counseling program, based on cognitive behavioral approach in improving the level of school adjustment for a sample of gifted teenage students at King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Jordan. The study was implemented on a population of (132) students including the study sample (30) students. The students were equally divided into (15) students as an experimental group and (15) students as a control group. The researcher developed the study instruments: school adjustment scale, the semi–structured interview and the counseling program consisting of (14) sessions. After verifying their Psychometric characteristics, the counseling program was applied to the study sample. Based on the statistical analysis of the arithmetic means and standard deviations, as well as (One Way ANCOVA) analysis the study results indicated the existence of statistically significant differences in the level of school adjustment among the members of the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental one. According to these results the current study would be a qualitative addition in its field as it used the operational approach unlike most of previous studies which used the descriptive one. In light of the study results, the study recommended that other studies benefit from the current study in empowering the gifted students in all their developmental stages. The current study would be an added value in the field of increasing gifted students’ adjustments to school which would eventually lead to their success and desired achievements in the academic and social aspects.

Basem Mohammed Al-Frehat   Ali Saleh Jarwan   Rami Abdallah Tashtoush   and Alaaaddeen Mohammad Obaidat   

The study aimed to identify the levels of realization of the role and personal responsibility among trainee counselors. It also highlighted the relationship between them to know the differences between the levels of the role realization and personal responsibility according to the academic achievement variable. To achieve this, they conducted the study upon (132) male and female trainee counselors who were selected by the intentionally randomized method. The researchers applied the two scales of the role realization and personal responsibility to the study sample. The researchers developed the role realization scale by making use of the tasks and duties of the educational counselor in the Jordanian Ministry of Education. Also, the researchers used the scale of personal responsibility prepared by (Ali and Ahmad, 2016) [5] to comprise 24 items. The results showed that the levels of the role realization and personal responsibility of the trainee counselors were at a high level. And there was no statistically significant difference between the levels of the role realization and personal responsibility because of the academic achievement variable. Besides, the results showed the existence of a statistically significant positive relationship between the role realization and personal responsibility of the trainee counselors.

Charanjit Kaur Swaran Singh   Tarsame Singh Masa Singh   Eng Tek Ong   Nadarajan Thambu   Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff   Sasigaran Moneyam   and Nadiah Yan Abdullah   

Effective lecturers have a repertoire of effective practices to ensure student learning outcomes. This study investigates pre-service teachers’ perceptions on moral lecturers’ teaching and learning strategies at two different higher learning institutions. A descriptive case study design was employed in developing the study. Focus group interview was conducted with seven pre-service teachers on voluntary basis. Only one instrument was used in data collection namely focus group interview protocol. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Six categories were analysed from the interview data: intellectual excitement, values, inquiry and reflection, technology integration and resources, constructive alignment and international and cultural diversity. The findings from the study revealed that the teaching and learning strategies incorporate 21st century learning including getting pre-service teachers’ engagement through technology use and multimedia resources.

Maylene D. Morales   and Sherwin B. Sapin   

This transcendental phenomenological study focused on analyzing and scrutinizing the lived experiences of school principals in the City Schools Division of Cabuyao. This study is geared towards achieving the central question of determining the journey of school principals in coping with the demands and challenges they encountered for school development. The researchers deemed that conduct of Key Informant Interview was suitable for attaining the problem’s statement. Since the research problem of this inquiry focused on describing and understanding the lived experience of public school principals, which is a phenomenon in academia, the researchers used phenomenological research design. The study reflected the challenges and demands encountered by the school heads as well as the strategies and techniques they utilized to surpass them all. This study also provided an illumination that the school heads need to extend the horizon and tried their best to attain the acme of school success.

Oyinlola Omolara Adebola   

This study explores the use of supplemental instruction (SI), a type of academic support, to enhance the performance of first-year students in universities. This study, therefore, questions the challenges associated with the use of supplemental instruction in a university and the possible solutions. Social constructivism (SC) as a theoretical framework was adopted while Participatory Research (PR) was used because of its assumption that the coming together of the concerned people in the study would give them a sense of belonging, participation in problem definition, problem assessment, implementation and evaluation. Unstructured interviews were used to collect data. The participants of the study include two first-year students, two SI coordinators, two tutors and two lecturers from the selected university. Thematic Analysis (TA) was adopted to analyse, interpret and describe the generated data; as a result its involvement in the reflected categorised objectives. The study concluded that challenges, such as the gap in communication, that is, lack of effective communication and over enrolment were the major problems confronting the implementation of SI while up-to-date evaluation and feedback and provision of educational facilities were the solutions suggested to overcome these problems.

Tetiana A. Vakaliuk   Larysa D. Shevchuk   and Borys V. Shevchuk   

Difficulties at the beginning of studying stereometry in 10 classes are well known from school practice. One of the main reasons for this is poorly developed spatial thinking and imagination. Therefore, the article describes some possibilities of using virtual and augmented reality in the process of teaching mathematics to students in 10-11 classes. It is established that pedagogical research in the field of theory of teaching mathematics should go this way. Undoubtedly, the lessons of mathematics with the addition of reality have a huge future in the field of education. The extensive use of virtual and augmented reality technologies in teaching mathematics proves the effectiveness and it is an attractive motivation for students. The use of augmented reality can be implemented in the teaching of mathematics from primary schools to universities. The object of research is the process of the formation of spatial imagination using virtual and augmented reality technologies in the process of teaching mathematics. The subject of the study is the environment of virtual and augmented reality. Research methods are analysis of publications on the problem, generalization of domestic and foreign experience, theoretical analysis, system analysis, systematization, and generalization of facts and patterns of research for the formation of spatial thinking using virtual and augmented reality environments, substantiation of the main conclusions. In our opinion, it is best to use free and well-made software such as ROAR AR for the Android operating system. Even in universities, it is advisable to use augmented reality systems in the training of future mathematics teachers, as they will be able to stop the decline in the popularity of mathematics studies in secondary and high schools by using such innovative teaching methods in their future pedagogical activities.

Luong Tran   and Phuong Thi Bich Nguyen   

Previous studies have confirmed several factors affecting student learning. It is not clear whether there is a correlation between the career prospects and the learning of pedagogical students in Can Tho University, Viet Nam. This research was undertaken to answer the question, ‘Is the occurrence of learning of pedagogical students in Can Tho University, Viet Nam related to their career prospects? Questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale (Croasmun & Ostrom, 2011) were delivered to 232 pedagogical students in Can Tho University, Viet Nam. The SPSS was used to process the data using frequencies, mean scores, standard deviation, percent, and spearman correlation. The results show that the mean score of future career prospects of students is 3.5474- corresponding to ‘become a teacher’ level; the average point of the learning of pedagogical students is 3,7699- at an ‘often’ level. The findings from this study indicate that there is a strong correlation between the career prospects and the learning of pedagogical students in Can Tho University, Viet Nam. The more solid career prospects are, the better students learn. This finding sets out for educational managers who need to ensure a career in teaching for their students after they graduate to improve their learning in university.

Hashem Mahmoud Muslim al-Zyoud   

This paper aims to present the idea, development, and field of artificial intelligence (AI), considering its impact on teachers' professional development. In addition to the technical applications that support AI in the educational sector, and the problems facing its uses, the importance of artificial intelligence in the education field has been addressed and previous study cases that competed AI with commentary have been identified. This study uses an analytical approach based on a theoretical survey of previous literature to answer the study questions. The results refer to a set of intelligent applications as well as areas of artificial intelligence that can serve the professional development of teachers. Furthermore, we recommend to: Design educational software based on artificial intelligence to raise the qualifications of teachers, Build training pathways based on artificial intelligence for all those working in the field of education, Provide accurate databases in all areas' education including human resources, Provide educational training environments that add to improving the part of artificial intelligence applications in the professional development of teachers, and Link databases within a global network that helps challenge teachers' career paths.

Sadia Farooq   and Mohammad Arif Kamal   

The internet, progressed technology tools and software are prominent evidence of the digital revolution that has influenced the methods of teaching, especially in interior and product design courses. The revolution is the need to fully equip students of design institutions with Digital Design Software (DDS), but the hand drawing skills (HDS) are also required to understand the basics of drawing. The objective of the research is to evaluate students’ preferences regarding hand drawing and DDS, their command on DDS, and professional demand of DDS after academics. The interior design course is about drawing and designing ideas. It seems to be a contradiction when involving both hands and digital skills. This is a quantitative research in which structured questionnaire was asked to the final year students in three institutes of Interior Design. These institutes are selected, since the students are skilled in using Auto CAD, 3D Max, Adobe Photoshop, Sketch-up. The questionnaire used a Likert ranging from (1-5), 1 strongly agree, 2 agree, 3 neutral, 4 disagree and 5 strongly disagree. There were 90 respondents, the results show that most of the students were comfortable to use DDS and they consider DDS more convenient than hand drawing. The students consider DDS more effective than Hand Drawing Skill (HDS) and they know how to accurately use DDS in interior design. The tasks can be completed speedily, easily, and as handy as can be presented any time anywhere and finally making the students more market-oriented in their practical field after academics.

Maya Kovalchuk   Alina Voievoda   and Elena Prozor   

The given paper contains the explanation of the importance of algorithmic thinking development and introduces the idea of special formation of the operational components of this thinking in order to improve the mastering of the educational actions in the sphere of mathematics. The research describes certain specific features of studying higher mathematics at Technical Universities. The aim of the research is to determine experimentally and substantiate the impact of the development of algorithmic thinking components on the level of mathematical knowledge and skills formation. On the base of Vinnytsia National Technical University in 2017, 2018, 2019 the experiment was carried out, it consisted of two stages: exploratory stage and formative stage. We responded 275 students. Main conclusions: the problem of algorithmic thinking formation of schoolchildren and students is generally recognized in the world; only a small number of students are able to apply the operational components of algorithmic thinking comprehensively in a holistic process of solving various problems, manage their mental activity consciously and think logically; if students develop techniques of mental actions, which are the main components of algorithmic thinking (the ability to generalize, classify, draw analogies, establish patterns and reason logically), it contributes to better learning of higher mathematics.

Jehad Ali Almomani   Mo'en Salman Alnasraween   and Nusibah Ali Almosa   

This study aimed to evaluate the experience of distance university education using the zoom application from the viewpoint of Amman Arab University students. The study sample consisted of (326) male and female students. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers prepared a measure to verify the degree of student satisfaction with the distance university education experience and its constraints from their viewpoint. After verifying its validity and reliability, the measure was applied to the study sample. The results showed that there was a moderate degree of satisfaction among students about the distance university education experience, and there were many obstacles faced by students during this experience; the most prominent of which were frequent internet outages during distance learning and students' failure to take notes. The finding also showed that there were statistically significant differences in the degree of satisfaction with the distance education experience attributable to the faculty and in favor of the human faculties, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the level of obstacles faced by students of human faculties during the distance education experience compared to scientific faculties, and the absence of relevant differences Statistical significance attributed to gender or academic program.

Tran Viet Cuong   and Le Hong Quang   

Research Objectives: Assess students' process of problem-solving situations in real contexts, through selection and evaluation of solutions to see whether the solutions they offer are really applicable in real-world contexts. Research Methods: We chose the first group of 3 students who have been taught by teachers the method of mathematical modeling; the second group of 3 students did not learn about mathematical modeling. Content 1: Teachers prepare some problematic situations in the real world, students perform problem solving; Content 2: we ask the teacher to create conditions for students to search for problematic situations themselves in real contexts, students solve problem. Research result: We found that, in the first group, students significantly increased their mathematical modeling ability, they could easily identify problematic situations; convert from life language into mathematical language. Moreover, students in the first group not only offer solutions to solve mathematical problems, they also consider, evaluate solutions, consider whether this mathematical result is converted to practical and applied in context. Students are confident in communicating; proposing ideas for model improvement, changing solutions, finding the most acceptable options in practice. On the other hand, 3 students of the second group had difficulty in solving problems. The students were mainly dealing with situations that were purely mathematical, lack of creativity when proposing solutions, as well as not yet considered whether the solution is appropriate in the practical context or not.

S. L. Gupta   

The research paper makes an effort to assess the existing outlay of Indian B-schools(Business Schools imparting education on management discipline) in relation to performance appraisal system and quality Enhancement. Aim- The objectives of the study are to find dimensions of the performance appraisal system that is followed by the B-Schools in India and examine the various focus areas of how to enhance the quality of education. Methodology- The research methodology for the study is fixed to be exploratory design that determines the role of performance appraisal system in the enhancement of quality education and latter part confirms the outlay from the exploratory design. The study has involved 298 teaching faculty members of different grades to get their opinions towards the issues. The primary data were collected with the help of structured interview schedule based on which respondents were interviewed from the B-schools of five states involving Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh in India. The data analysis is carried out with exploratory factor analysis using SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. Results- The study found that Dimension – I- Performance Centric and Supportive Management, Dimension – II- Performance Pay and Evolving Appraisal System and Dimension – III- Environment for Improving Performance. The focus areas of quality education are found to be Clarity of Outcome based Learning and Modern Techniques, Exposure to Real Environment and Consistent Evaluation and Assessing Individualistic Performance and Feedback which were evident from the stakeholders involved in the study.

Jefri Mailool   Heri Retnawati   Heldy Jerry Rogahang   Wolter Weol   and Mercy W. K Waney   

The relationship between motivation and teacher performance has been extensively investigated by using various models of relationship analysis. As a result, the relationship between the two variables is relatively poorly understood and requires separate analysis to ascertain the extent of the relationship between the two variables. In addition, a number of studies have reported that motivation has a significant relationship with teacher performance. However, the accuracy of the information reported by these studies is an important aspect to explore to ensure that there is no publication bias. This research aims to analyze the relationship between motivation and teacher performance based on a meta-analysis review of a number of published studies. The research data used were 30 correlational research results from journal articles published from 2010 to 2019. The random effects model was used as an effect size in this meta-analysis study. The effect summary results show that there is a significant relationship between motivation and teacher performance with an r coefficient of 0.446 and the confidence interval is moderate category with a value range between 0.371 - 0.515. By using the Trim and Fill method in this meta-analysis procedure, it was found that this research did not indicate publication bias. The results of this research can be an important reference for education providers, especially school administrators, to plan strategies for increasing school productivity. Motivation can be a potential trigger factor for improving teacher performance. Thus, school administrators can design appropriate motivational strategies to improve their teacher performance.

Emine Bala   and Ali Bala   

This study commenced upon the university preparatory English teacher’s perceptions about the lack of their student’s readiness for learner autonomy. The impact of students’ educational background and learning culture in high schools on learner autonomy in university preparatory classes were examined accordingly. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to obtain the data in depth for this study. Within this context, the researchers designed and distributed a questionnaire to preparatory students in a private university in Erbil, and 70 students participated in this stage. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS 25 software program. Also, the researchers interviewed with preparatory school instructors to have their perceptions about students’ present autonomy level. Initially, the students’ perceptions of former learning culture were examined according to their educational background information, and then the level of present readiness for autonomy was analyzed. According to the results, the students believe their teachers in high schools were authoritarian, so they were not given opportunities to enhance their skills to be autonomous learners. Their present teacher-dependent attitudes which came from high school still prevent them from being autonomous learners. However, the encouragement of the preparatory school’s instructors helps the students boost motivation to be self-directed learners. This study will shed light on the problems such as teacher-dependent students of the education systems based on rote-learning and guide the curriculum designers and school teachers to take the urgency of learner autonomy into consideration in language teaching.

Ainur Yessetova   Gulnara Atembayeva   Ainur Mashimbayeva   Erbol Usenbayev   Gulsara Absatarova   and Svetlana Janseitova   

The content of music education and upbringing oriented towards the national music tradition belongs to the basic laws of modern music education. These are objective reasons that characterize the essential connection between social and musical phenomena or processes, without which one cannot effectively implement music education and upbringing. This article is dedicated to the study of a special style of playing stringed instruments in the performance of kuis, Kazakh instrumental musical compositions. The interpretation of archetypal ethnical texts evoked an organic syncresis of music with an ancient sign language, including a separate aspect associated with the specifics of non-verbal forms of artistic communication. The essence of the sign language of Kazakh kuis, its meaning and the limits to its applicability are not fully disclosed. They require considering many issues related to the semantic nature of gestures. The present study is based on the exploration of performing Kazakh kuis with stressing on gestures as semiotic structures on these ethnical Kazakh compositions. The authors adhere to the principle that musical language is a synergy of word (text), music and its performing (gestures). The study used comparative-historical, theoretical, and historical-typological methods.

Jaya Sangeetha   and Anitha Nair   

There is a lot of emphasis on teaching and assessment pedagogy in academia considering the significance of learning in this era of knowledge economies. Students all over the world are being predominantly tested using conventional testing methods, such as written examinations in English. Written examinations enable the students to express their knowledge freely, but they may also be a challenge for students who are non-native English speakers and learners. As a result, when these students enter higher education institutions (HEIs), they are faced with severe setbacks in terms of answering their exams. Hence, inclusion of other assessment methods, such as oral exams, is needed. These alternative methods help in fostering learner autonomy by promoting critical evaluation and reflective thinking among the students. This paper uses quantitative research to assess the effectiveness of using alternative methods including oral exams as an assessment instrument to supplement conventional written assessments. The findings reveal that oral exams are independently related to student knowledge and learning in the two economics courses considered. However, their contribution increases substantially when used in conjunction with written exams.

Direk Teeraputon   and Pratya Nuankaew   

The COVID-19 situation has transformed the teaching and learning process from the physical classroom to the virtual classroom. It can be said that this is a real technological disruption. This research aims to study attitudes and learning styles in different academic achievements of students in higher education. There are three research objectives: (1) to study attitudes and learning styles in different academic achievements, (2) to develop a questionnaire for analyzing the learning styles from attitudes towards students' learning styles, and (3) to assess the effectiveness of questionnaires, attitudes, and learning styles on different achievements. The data were collected from students at the University of Phayao who are at the undergraduate level in the academic year 2018-2020. It was obtained from 195 students from 17 schools and colleges. The research tools used in this research were questionnaires, frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results of the study showed that students who responded to the questionnaires had different opinions on learning styles in different academic achievement. The factors affecting the learning style are at a high level.

Xu Liu   He Yingjie   and Zhou Zhen   

"Production-oriented approach" (POA) is a foreign language teaching theory put forward by Chinese professor Wen Qiufang and her team. The theoretical system of POA consists of teaching concept, teaching hypothesis and teaching process with the role of teachers’ mediation, aiming at solving the problem of "separation between learning and using" and enhancing foreign language teaching effectiveness in college. The empirical experiment has been conducted in a university in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for 15 weeks, and 110 sophomores of two parallel classes participate in the research with 55 students in each class. They are taught by the same teacher with the same teaching materials in both experimental class (EC) and control class (CC). The only difference is that EC is taught by POA, while CC is taught by traditional writing approach that is product writing approach (PWA). Furthermore, questionnaires and writing tests are implemented in CC and EC, as well as Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) 17.0 is used to collect and analyze data. The research reveals that POA is more effective to help students master English writing strategies than PWA. Meanwhile, POA is more capable to improve students’ language accuracy and increase the output of targeted connectives significantly instead of syntactic complexity of clause in English writing. Regarding writing scores, there is no significant difference between CC and EC which is consistent with the research results gotten by Zhang [20]. At last, some insightful suggestions and implications are proposed for future study.

Khlood Mohammed Mehdar   

Globally, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced learning systems in all types of educational institutions. During the lockdown instituted to prevent viral transmission in Saudi Arabia, it was decided to utilize digital platforms as an alternative mode of delivery of educational material. The transition to e-learning has many challenges. Anatomy is a foundation science which traditionally necessitates practical teaching sessions in the dissection laboratory for effective information delivery. Transferring to an e-learning format was not straightforward for either the educators or students. The aims of this study was to find out medical and paramedical trainees’ perspectives in relation to receiving an anatomy teaching programme in an e-learning environment during the lockdown period necessitated by the coronavirus outbreak. Medical and paramedical students at Najran University who participated in digital anatomy programmes during lockdown were surveyed through use of an online questionnaire. Quantitative cross sectional analysis was performed. The results showed that scholars rapidly became proficient in using online tools. Approximately half of the students were sufficiently self-disciplined to interact successfully with the digital system. Forty percent stated that they would be willing to continue using online resources going forwards. Digital learning platforms could offer both pedagogues and students benefits and potential difficulties. A significant proportion of scholars reported that e-learning offered an opportunity of self-motivated and self-sufficient learning experiences, and that interaction with educators and peers was facilitated. Also, it was generally felt that digital visual components were not an adequate replacement for the dissection laboratory.

Bui Phuong Uyen   Duong Huu Tong   and Le Thi Ngoc Yen   

Today, the task of developing competencies, including the ability to solve problems for students, becomes very important. In mathematics education, teaching mathematical problems with effective content can be considered as a teaching method that brings a very positive effect on the education, training and capacity development for students. This study aimed to promote students' ability to resolve real-world problems through teaching exponential and logarithmic equations. An experimental sample consisted of 40 12th grade students at a continuing education centre in Vietnam. The primary instructional activities designed to develop these students' resolving capacities included warm-up, experience, practice, reinforcement and expansion. The data collected were attached to the student's assignments as well as worksheets and qualitatively analyzed to assess students' ability to deal with problems by components such as understanding the problem, acquiring information from practical situations; converting information from real-world situations on mathematical models; searching strategies for solving mathematical models; implementing a solution strategy to find results; and moving from results of solving mathematical models to solutions of real-world problems. Experimental results showed that students considerably increased their ability to cope with problems with logarithmic and exponential equations. Besides, concerning the spirit and learning attitude, students became active, optimistic and self-conscious in the problem-solving stages of the teaching process. Additionally, the implications of showing the relationship between mathematics and practice were drawn to emphasize the real-life applicability of the science of mathematics.

Muhammad Nizaar   Sukirno   Djukri   Sintayana Muhardini   and Mas'ad   

People's concern toward environmental sustainability is decreasing; it is proven by a large amount of waste that is not handled correctly. The training is needed to accustom every people to manage their garbage at home. The science learning process function in the classroom needs to be maximized by training students to process waste into more useful products. This research aims to improve students' environmental awareness through waste management training according to the 3R principle. This research used a quasi-experiment one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected using a questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The total number of samples is 39 students of junior high school, and data analysis uses paired samples t-test, with an error rate of 5%. The result shows that activity for managing waste can be used for organic fertilizer, handicraft, decorative flower made of paper, flower vase, etc. They have a significant influence on students' concern for the environment. This condition indicates that students' environmental awareness by training students to process waste using the 3R principle can reduce excessive household waste production. The 3R principle begins with identifying and sorting waste to the manufacturing process of the product. Student-made products are useful for their use and even for sale.

Rita Pramujiyanti Khotimah   Christina Kartika Sari   and Masduki   

Purpose: This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the concept map learning model on student reasoning. Methodology: It is an experimental study with the students of Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta in 2017/2018 academic year as the population with a total of 35 students of IVB semester as the respondents. The data collection techniques included tests and documentation. Results: The results of the Mann-Whitney Test showed a p-value of 0.012 <α = 5%, hence H0 was rejected, which implied that the scores of the post-test of the two classes were different at the 5% level of significance. It indicates a significant difference in reasoning skills. Applications/Originality/Value: Based on the average values of the two classes, an increase in the reasoning of students in the experimental class is higher than those in control. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of models and tools of concept maps in the Introduction to Real Analysis has been effective in improving student reasoning.

Suparman   Iwan Hartadi Tri Untoro   Suwadi   Anggit Prabowo   Andriyani   Eko Setyo Humanika   Yahya Hairun   and Mahyudin Ritonga   

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the teaching and learning process in schools, which was initially carried out face-to-face under normal conditions. This research aims to determine the effect of community partnership programs on mathematics teacher’s ability to develop the right online learning tools for students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a non-experimental pretest/post-test research with the sample population consisting of a total of 47 teachers of Muhammadiyah junior high school in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. The purposive sampling technique was used to obtain data from 21 mathematics teachers of the sample population through a questionnaire and analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The results showed that there are differences in the teacher's ability to develop Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) based on the Learning Management System (LMS) before and after receiving training. Furthermore, the results of the paired sample t-test show that teacher's ability to develop LMS-based SSP improved after training. This study concludes that the Community Partnership program can effectively improve teachers' ability to manage the mathematics learning process online. The novelty of this study is to integrate SSP into online learning using a LMS. This online learning can be a solution when face-to-face learning cannot be done, for example during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Maila D. H. Rahiem   

This study aimed to examine university students' insights and observations concerning the technological barriers and difficulties they encountered in the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) during the COVID-19 Emergency Remote Learning (ERL). This research employed a qualitative phenomenological approach as the method of inquiry. The study included eighty university students, who studied at the Faculty of Education at a state university in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through a two-week daily journal, the students' reflective essays and an online focus group discussion. The study revealed the technology barriers and challenges in using ICT included: device issues, internet connectivity, technology costs, and lack of technology skills. Students also had problems with: incompatible devices, sharing devices with other family members, unstable internet connection, restricted or unavailable internet access, data costs, purchasing new devices, new programs or apps, inexperience with ICT, lack of ICT skills, and inadequate learning platforms. The findings of this research are useful for improving students' learning experience and access during these challenging times. COVID-19 is a recent phenomenon; it is novel to research the case, and this research offers both practical and theoretical measures to help improve ERL in the future.

Roza Valentinovna Baturina   and Galiya Bulatovna Khasanova   

In the context of the deepening socio-economic crisis, the training of qualified economists who must solve important issues concerning timely anticipation of crisis events, predictive assessments of their depth and scale, and the development of effective measures against adverse processes and their consequences, deserves particular attention. In this regard, the importance of education and science increases significantly, which should provide specialists with modern methods of economic management, analysis of economic processes, and adequate and timely assessment of threats to economic development. The analysis of professional tasks solved by economists has shown that they should not only know the theoretical foundations and laws of the market economy functioning, but also be able to identify problems of an economic nature when analyzing specific situations, as well as suggest ways to solve them and assess the expected results, systematize and generalize information, possess methods for analyzing the production and economic activities of an enterprise and evaluating its market positions, and more. Therefore, the list of professional competencies of an economist should include general scientific competency – the ability and preparedness to use knowledge about quantitative relations and spatial forms of the real world, the possession of a system of categories and methods necessary to solve typical tasks in various areas of professional economic activity. Mathematical disciplines play a key role in the formation of general scientific competency in future economists. Specially organized mathematical training allows forming a set of meta-professional knowledge, skills, and personal qualities that make it possible to ensure the greatest effect in achieving the set professional economic tasks, students' mastery of general scientific concepts, and the acquisition of research experience, which constitute the content of the economist’s general scientific competency.

Khaled Ahmed Abdel -Al Ibrahim   

The present study aimed at identifying the interaction effect of education type variable (public- private) and gender variable (male - female) on styles of thinking (syntactic - ideal - practical - analytical - realistic) and on learning styles (deep - surface - by operations) in the students at first stage secondary school of Saudi Arabia. The study determined the relationship between thinking styles and learning styles of mentally talented students in these schools. The sample consisted of (192) male and female students from the first stage secondary class students in Al-Kharj governorate schools, both private and public. A battery of tests was identified for this study which included Thinking Styles Test, translated and Arabicized by Magdy Abdel Karim; Successive Matrices Test for "Raven" translated and Arabicized by Ahmed Saleh, Learner Learning Styles Questionnaire (deep - superficial) translated and Arabicized by Ramadan Muhammad. The results of the study revealed that: there are statistically significant differences in the thinking styles (syntactic - ideal - practical - analytical - realistic) according to education styles variable (public- private) in favor of public education and similar results according to the gender variable (male - female) in favor of female. In learning styles, too, statistically significant differences were evident in (deep - surface - by operations) according to education type variable (public- private) in favor of public and gender variable (male - female) in favor of female. This study provides useful insights in understanding the differences between thinking styles and learning styles of mentally talented students and ordinary students. This study shall be an important guideline to help educational professionals in curriculum development and designing teaching methodology appropriate for mentally talented students.

Muhammad Fuad   Farida Ariyani   Edi Suyanto   and Ari Syahidul Shidiq   

Online learning decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic have problems in its application. Besides infrastructure, teachers’ ability to integrate technology in learning is also an important factor that affects the success of online learning. In the current online learning, teachers are required to master Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK). Thus, this research aims to explore the Indonesian language teachers’ TPCK and readiness to conduct online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. This research applied a survey method with 318 participating teachers in Lampung, Indonesia. The data were collected using questionnaires related to attitude, technological knowledge, content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, and technological pedagogical content knowledge. They were then analyzed quantitatively using factor analysis and qualitatively based on the teachers’ answers to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrate that Indonesian language teachers have adapted to the implementation of online learning related to the use of technology such as the variety of learning media and educational platforms used as well as TPCK skills. In general, teachers’ TPCK tends to be positive about online learning even though some senior teachers have a negative attitude to the technological aspects. They have difficulty using technology in learning so that the class looks monotonous and does not vary. The results of this research can be used as evaluation material by policymakers to improve the learning system.

Babaniyazova Nargiza Polatovna   and Sarsenbaeva Zoya Jangabay Qizi   

This article reports on the study of enlarging lexical competence for B2 level learners who learn English as a foreign language (EFL) in Karakalpakstan. The purpose of the paper is to make a theoretical analysis by scientific researchers on the problem and to identify ways of developing the lexical competence of English learners with the help of Information Communication Technologies (ICT). The study conducted materials that analyze scholars’ opinions about teaching foreign languages via the Internet-based on modular technology. This research paper uses qualitative and descriptive analysis methods. The participants of the research were 2^nd year ESP students at Nukus state pedagogical institute. In the teaching process, teachers have great emphasis on the students’ activities in search processing of new knowledge. In this paper, two research questions were taken into consideration: “What ways are pivotal to develop lexical competence of students who study English as a foreign language?”, “What are the most effective tools and techniques for improving students’ vocabulary online?” As a result, the authors responded to the research questions from the analytical point of view and gave valuable suggestions for EFL students whose mother tongue is Karakalpak. The paper concluded that teaching English for B2 level learners through the Internet and ICT is considered efficient as a source of inspiration among Karakalpak students for educational learning and enhanced trends of acquiring EFL searching educational content.

Eze Blessing Ngozi   Chiamogu Chiakonam Charles   Mgboji Chukwuma   Asogwa Nkechinyelugo Angela   and Chilaka Akuchinyere Eunice   

The study was carried out to find the assessment on cloud computing need of students of computer science education in Enugu state Universities. In carrying out the research, 4 research questions and 4 null hypotheses guided this research. Population for this research work is 1020 students. This consists of students of computer science education department in University of Nigeria Nsukka and (ESUT) Enugu state of Science and Technology. The entire population was studied. Data was collected with questionnaire and was analyzed with mean and t test. After carrying out the analysis, it was revealed that cloud computing is utilized but not to a very large extent in storing of student data, also it was revealed that certain constraints hinder the utilization of online application of student registrations in Universities in Enugu state. It was recommended that a network-based management for cloud computing should be provided for universities in Enugu state to enable the improvement of students’ academic performance in computer science education in Enugu state universities.

Saïd Boubih   Anouar Aidoun   Mustafa El Alaoui   and Rachid Janati Idrissi   

The flipped classroom is a model of teaching in which activities traditionally conducted in the classroom become homework activities, and activities that normally constitute homework become classroom activities. This pedagogical model has been proposed in several studies as an alternative educational approach to conventional methods, but its effectiveness in improving outcomes is disputed. To test the effectiveness of this model, we followed a semi-experimental approach, using a pre- and post-test. A group of future life and earth science teachers from an experimental classroom (n = 62) was trained using the flipped classroom approach. However, the trainees in the control class (n = 62) followed traditional teaching. Pre- and post-test results were analyzed using the t-test to assess the effectiveness of this teaching model. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the pre-test, indicating that the two groups were equivalent prior to our intervention. However, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the post-test in favor of the experimental group members, particularly for questions related to knowledge manipulation. For the questions assessing the degree of knowledge acquisition, we found no significant difference between the two groups. We could therefore conclude that the integration of the flipped classroom in a training situation for future teachers has a positive effect on the improvement of learning performance. This approach can also serve as a means of varying our teaching practices and benefiting from the advantages of distance learning.

Uleanya M. O.   Uleanya C.   Naidoo G.   and Rugbeer Y.   

Making career choices is crucial to students in all endeavours. However, such decision seems to be difficult and problematic for many students. The reason for such difficulty can be attributed to the way and manner career choices are communicated to students, consequently, this has affected the enthusiasm, learning abilities and academic performances of students. Hence, this study explored various forms of communication for disseminating career guidance services to potential university students. Quantitative method was adopted for the study. Purposive and random sampling was employed in selecting two South African universities and the respondents of the study respectively. The study sample was 374 first year students. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to the selected respondents. The collected data were analysed using Moonstat. The findings of the study following the analysed data show that friends, internet, career seminars, career workshops, university open day, television are various ways by which career information is being communicated to students in the two selected South African universities. However, radio, newspaper and SMS are other media that can be explored. The study recommends amongst others that universities should advertise their courses through various forms of communication to the potential, prospective university students so as to reduce doubts and transfer from one course to another in their first year of study. This is envisaged to help students overcome their challenges in making career choices, consequently, enhance their learning abilities and academic performances.

Heni Rita Susila   Arief Qosim   and Tri Rositasari   

The Covid-19 pandemic changed almost all of aspects in life order that was originally normal to not run as they should, including education field. During this pandemic, Baturaja University especially Educational Technology Department applied online learning. This research aimed to find out about students’ perception of online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. These perceptions will become the basic for further research. The research method used descriptive quantitative survey. The sample of this research was students of Educational Technology Department consisting 174 students. Data would be analysed quantitatively using percentages. Researcher gained information using indicator derived from front-end analysis by Lee Owen, they were audience analysis, technology analysis, critical-incident analysis and media analysis. Audience analysed showed that students prefer learning using visual style than verbal and auditory style. Technology analysis showed that students’ interest in learning using video got the highest percentage (89,9%) than game (68,4%) and LMS (78,9%). Critical incident analysis gained information about students’ enjoyment using online learning (74,5%), students’ understanding using online learning (36,8%), then students’ desire to keep continue studying using online learning (15,8%). Printed media showed that All of the students had their own mobile (100%) and owned internet access (86,8%) but only 52,6% students had ease in accessing the internet. The main result showed that students were unsatisfied with this kind of learning. 84,2% students did not want to continue learning using this way. Lack of facilities, especially internet connections could be the main cause. Some suggestions were given that the further researcher can prepare a learning model that is combined online and offline learning.

Elena G. Gutsu   Nadezda N. Demeneva   Tatiana V. Mayasova   Oksana V. Kolesova   Elena V. Kochetova   and Svetlana K. Tivikova   

The beginning of the 2000s has been marked by the processes of large-scale reform of the higher education system in Russia. The implementation of the ideas of modernization has been entrusted to university teachers. The actual results of the announced transformations largely depend on how teachers perceive and treat the ongoing changes. The article considers the subjective attitude of teachers to the following changes in higher education: introduction of competency-based approach in higher education, reduction of classroom time and contact work with students, technologization of the learning process, introduction of performance-based contracts for teachers, and increase in the proportion of remote training (including full-time students). The research results have shown that most of the teachers who took part in the survey, regardless of the length of service in the university, are rather indifferent to the changes in the higher education system. The influence of most changes on the content and specifics of the teachers’ work, on the quality of the teachers’ work (the quality of the students’ preparation), as well as on the professional development is assessed by the survey participants as insignificant. This indicates that most of the changes, according to the subjective opinion of the teachers who took part in the study, do not have significant impact on the real situation in higher education. The obtained empirical data are of interest for psychology, management and management of higher education.

Tedi Supriyadi   Entan Saptani   Anin Rukmana   Ayi Suherman   Muhammad Nur Alif   and Nan Rahminawati   

Writing is an academic culture to be developed in higher education environment. Along with its development, the distribution of the academic works goes beyond geographic barriers, hence, making it easier for researchers to explore and obtain material for literature review. However, these conveniences are not in line with the students’ ability to publish their academic writing. Thus, this research aims at identifying ways to improve students’ technological literacy to increase the number of academic papers in reputable publications and reporting the collaboration results in increasing the number of student publications. Action Research was chosen as the research design, which was done by involving 63 students of a university in Sumedang Regency, consisting of 23 female students and 40 male students coming from various regions in West Java, Indonesia. The findings showed that the students’ weaknesses in writing were in its originality, cited references that were not representative and credible, and the inconsistency between in-text citation and reference list. Then, this research employed seven critical steps to publish academic writing: (1) Introduce and use of technological literacy, (2) search of journals for publication, (3) writing assistance, (4) article editing, (5) similarity check, (6) journal submission, and (7) final revision assistance. These steps were found to increase the number of student publications by 84.12%. Hence, higher education institutions in Indonesia are suggested to increase the publication numbers to enhance technology information-based academic culture.

Fadma Yulianti   Fakhry Zamzam   Havis Aravik   Luis Marnisah   Tien Yustini   Chandra Satria   and Ahmad Sanmorino   

This study aims to get the analysis result of organizational climate, punishment and reward, and competence have an effect on the capacity building of the lecturers in writing scientific papers partially and simultaneously, the organizational climate, punishment and reward, competence and capacity building effect lecturers' scientific work productivity partially and simultaneously. The quantitative approach used the confirmatory survey method and it was verification. Data processing was using SEM-Amos, that organizational climate affected the capacity building with CR 3.494>1.96, significance 0.00<0.05 and termination 0.219; punishment and reward affected the capacity building and CR 2.740<1.96, the significance 0.006>0.05 was terminated 0.240; competence influenced capacity building with CR 1.992> 1.96, significance 0.046<0.05 and termination 0.175; Simultaneously organizational climate, punishment, and reward, and competence influenced capacity building with a regression coefficient of 0.518, and so on. The conclusions from this study are The higher education organizations climate that supports the writing of textbooks for completing lectures, the punishment & rewards for lecturers who carry out research obligations in every semester, competencies that follow the information technology to continue working, the increase of lecturers' capacity building to write books have an impact on the lecturer's performance to write scientific papers.

Lasekan Olusiji Adebola   Moraga Ana   Quezada Claudia   and Alvarez Boris   

This study investigates the degree of precarious employment in the Chilean English language teaching industry. We recruited a random sample of two hundred and twenty-three English teachers from the primary and secondary schools, Universities, as well as Private English Institutes through an online survey. A cross-sectional study of the socio-demographic variables of precarious employment was conducted through the analysis of proportional variances according to gender, age, school curriculum, educational qualification, and teaching status. Nine indicators represented the six dimensions of the Employment Precariousness Construct were adopted for the measurement. The results revealed that the majority (56.8%) of English teachers have temporary contracts. Although the degree of precariousness was higher in dimensions comprising temporariness, wages, rights, and the exercise of rights, vulnerability among teachers holding temporary contracts comparing with those possessing permanent contracts, there was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the dimension of disempowerment. Overall, our results showed that the level of precarious employment in the industry is moderately low. Implications of the results and future research directions are presented.

Larysa V. Zdanevych   Yuliia V. Syrova   Svitlana V. Kolosova   Maryna S. Pyvovarenko   and Olha O. Kurhannikova   

The research was conducted in order to establish the most effective ways of forming a general system of values in preschool children. Emphasis is placed on the unification of methods of moral and ethical education of 3-6-year-old children, and the development of educational model that would contribute to the child's optimal understanding of basic moral principles of mankind. In this regard, the experiment was conducted on a research group consisting of 710 children aged 3-6, which also included 192 parents and 50 teachers. In addition, 52 books of short stories and fairy tales were selected for the study, on the basis of which the main value preferences and orientations of preschool children were determined. According to the preferences of children, parents or teachers, certain texts were selected from the defined 52 stories and fairy tales for detailed textual analysis for children to differentiate the most common moral values, the range of which was also clearly defined and limited to 20 concepts. As a result of the study, children often paid attention to the values of happiness, peace, cooperativeness and honesty. Beauty, kindness, friendship and purity also attracted significant attention of preschoolers. However, for example, avail, humility, tolerance, hospitality and respect were rarely emphasized by children. Patriotism as a value has generally gone unnoticed. The results of the study might be used as auxiliary material for teachers in the preparation and selection of teaching materials in terms of value orientations in preschool children, as well as in the parents’ choice of children's literature that would clearly reflect the inner world of the child and be understood in terms of axiological component.

Marisol Solis-Foronda   

Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of instructional games because of their applied; and dynamic nature can heighten the learner’s motivation and interest more effectively than classroom lectures. This study utilized the descriptive-quantitative research design particularly the one-group pretest-posttest design to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of Modified Bingo Chromosome game in teaching the topic Chromosomal Identification. Modified Bingo chromosome is a teaching tool designed to fully understand the seven groups of chromosomes in a form of a game. It aimed to teach students in arranging and matching the correct pair of chromosomes through an interactive game. The participants were purposely selected considering that they should be enrolled in a science subject with a topic Chromosome Banding in the syllabus. Thirteen Ph. D. in Science Education students were taught the topic Chromosomal Identification using the teaching tool developed during the first validation and twenty Bachelor of Secondary Education students for the second validation. The pre-test and post-test results were subjected to t-test of independent means to determine whether the treatment was effective or not. The t-values (t=-2.25; p<0.05 and t=-5.97; p<0.05) showed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test of the students. It can be concluded therefore that Modified Bingo Chromosome is an effective tool for teaching Chromosomal Identification. Hence, it is recommended that this additional tool be implemented for teaching the topic to students.

Tuyen Son Nguyen   and Huan Buu Nguyen   

Critical thinking has been recognized as a key academic skill due to its role in the learning process, especially in higher education, and particularly in second and foreign language teaching and learning of writing. This thinking pattern is crucial in Vietnamese tertiary education since in the globalized world of information. There has been increased demand for students to gain greater depth of subject-specific knowledge and develop their ability to synthesize, process, and evaluate different sources of texts for the sake of meeting the needs of their own academia and future studies. However, it is quite a new concept in Vietnamese educational system and few studies have been conducted to examine critical thinking in relation to argumentative writing. This paper, henceforth, reports a descriptive study that investigates the critical thinking ability of Vietnamese EFL (English as a foreign language) university students and its relationship with their writing argumentative essays. Data collected in this study include a questionnaire and an essay writing test. Participants were 126 EFL students at three universities in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. The findings reveal that Vietnamese EFL university students’ critical thinking is at high level while it was statistically insignificant that a relationship between their critical thinking and their argumentative writing existed. The obtained results indicate that instructional methods and activities employed by Vietnamese EFL teachers in universities of the Mekong region may well promote cognitive development of their students. It also suggests urgent actions from EFL teachers and stake-holders to seek for feasible solutions to foster students’ implementation of their cognitive skills into their writing and other language skills.

O. V. Yureva   L. A. Burganova   O. Y. Kukushkina   G. P. Myagkov   and D. V. Syradoev   

The article analyzes the actual problem of the risks of digitalization of higher education. The goal of the study was to determine the level of using of digital tools and technologies by students and teachers in the educational process to identify the main problems and risks of digitalization of higher education. The key problem of digitalization of higher education in Russia is the approval of a technocratic model for its implementation, based on the reduction of this process to "digitization". The real goal of digitalization in universities should give emphasis on improving the creative nature of education. In order to analyze the current situation with the digitalization of higher education, an online survey of students and teachers of the Kazan (Volga) Federal District was used. The research results show that both students and teachers use a limited number of digital educational resources. Students prefer the passive forms of using information and communication technologies (webinars, online courses). Teachers use digital tools primarily for planning and downloading their taught courses. They also use them as an organizing mechanism for their classes, rather than to promote improved learning technologies. The most important conclusion of our study is that the risks of digitalization of education at universities are directly related to the incompetence of teachers in the using of digital educational technologies. Therefore, improving the mechanism of teachers` professional adaptation to digital reality is crucial in improving the quality of education at universities.

Asha Nair Ganeser   

Online classes are now in demand, which fit the needs of today's 21st-century skills. The integration of technology in teaching and learning implemented as such is leading from face to face classroom learning to online learning. Educators contribute in making sure the content is fully interactive and useful for the process of learning. Various tools are embedded to facilitate the teaching and learning process and to venture students towards the world of virtual learning. This study aimed to examine students' perceptions of the English for Professional Communication online classes and how it enhances the participation and communication skills of students. This study conducted in a private higher education institution based in Kuala Lumpur and the participants were (N=50). Data were analyzed using SPSS. This study uses quantitative analysis where participants needed to answer a set of questionnaires. Findings are shown in the form of frequency and percentages based on responses to each variable. The result shows that students show active participation and agreed that online learning does enhance communication skills. Besides, creativity was found to be an added value for students to take up online classes. Some suggestion has been made through its findings.

Nor Asikhin Ishak   Nor Shafrin Ahmad   and Mohd Norakmar Omar   

Depression is an emotional disease that is increasingly serious among teenagers today, mostly involving school students. This situation is very worrying when student depression can lead to worse incidents such as criminal behaviors, social problems, and suicide. Therefore, this study aims to identify the depression levels of secondary school students in North Penang, Malaysia. A total of 3932 form four students were involved as a study sample using the Depression Anxiety Stress Inventory 21 (DASS21) instrument adapted from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH). The study conducted concerning research ethics, such as obtaining permission from the Penang State Education Department, the school, and students' heirs. The result found that 72.6% of students had normal depression, and 12.5% of students found to have lite depression only. Overall, it can be concluded that most students experience depression even at the lowest level. Students need to be given due attention, including emphasizing the aspects of guidance and counseling to lead a better life in the future. Thus, preventive measures should be planned systematically. A study of the need for counseling intervention modules should be implemented to help reduce school student depression.

Amran M. S.   and Bakar A. Y. A.   

Emotionally significant experiences tend to be well remembered in learning Mathematics in the classroom. Recent advances in neuroscientific methods have led to an increased understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying emotions in learning mathematics. The aim of this research is to use neuroscience research perspectives in classroom setting involving students’ emotion in learning Mathematics and its relationship with memory. Therefore, this research examined how students’ emotions in learning Mathematics and its relationship with their memory using mixed–method design. Data from survey (n= 644) and interview informants (n= 6) indicated positive emotions (enjoyment, hope, pride) negative emotions (shame, anger, boredom, anxiety) and memory. Students who accurately identified positive emotions indicated they were more likely to learn Mathematics compared to negative emotions, and findings indicated a strong, positive correlation between positive emotions and memory. Qualitative findings indicated that students who are more likely prefer positive emotions in learning could lead to better memory compared to negative emotions. Moreover, interview data showed that memory performance in Mathematics increased when teacher has embedded positive emotions through the use of humor in teaching, inspiring student with positive words and engaging student in classroom. This study supports neuroscience research findings that positive emotions influence students' memory in learning mathematics. Thus, this study provides insight for teachers to emphasize the importance of positive emotions in learning mathematics as well as reduce negative emotions.

Chinaza Uleanya   

Cleanliness which promotes good health in learners in schools has become paramount considering the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and its adverse effects on learners learning abilities and success. Also, cleanliness seems to have a link with security. Hence, the study explored the connection between cleanliness, security and the learning abilities of learners. In other words, attempt was made to investigate the relationship that exists between cleanliness in classroom, school environment, learners’ habit and their academic performances. Qualitative method was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling was used to select three rural and three urban schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Meanwhile, convenience sampling was used to select six educators who participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection. The findings of the study suggest firstly that there is a link between security and cleanliness, and such is the reason why most urban high schools experience more cleanliness than their counterparts in rural communities. Secondly, cleanliness is a contributory factor which enhances the learning abilities of learners. Cleanliness which is upheld more in urban high schools compared to rural based high schools contributes towards boosting teaching and learning activities as well as the academic performances of learners. The paper therefore recommends amongst others that better security should be considered in and for rural based high schools. Cleanliness should be treated with esteem in high schools and at all levels. Also, learners should be taught personal hygiene as one of the co-curricular subjects.

Herwin   Cepi Safruddin Abdul Jabar   Anwar Senen   and Wuri Wuryandani   

This study aims to evaluate the planning, processes and learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an evaluative study with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted in the Department of Primary School Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Research time is in Academic Year 2019/2020 specifically in the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation model used is Countenance Stake Model, which contains an evaluation of antecedents, transactions, and outcomes. Subjects in this study were students who took part in lectures and lecturers who did the learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection is done by documentation, interviews and questionnaire and then analyzed using a qualitative approach. In addition to ensuring the validity of the data of this study, triangulation of sources was carried out. The results showed that the learning service on the antecedent aspect has been running well. This is evidenced by the well-planned lecture services during the pandemic. Another thing obtained in the aspect of transaction that still needs to be improved. This is proven by the fact that effective lecturing methods have not yet been applied during the pandemic. The same thing also happened in the aspect of outcomes that was still not optimal. This is evidenced by the low student satisfaction in learning services during the pandemic.

Grace Omejevwe Akpochafo   

Career decision is a process that secondary school students must undergo. Many students find it difficult due to the obstacles that they may encounter. The problem of this study, therefore, is what these difficulties are and whether they differ on gender basis. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The sample size was 341 students made up of 161 males and 180 females. The instrument for data collection was the Career Decision Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ), developed by Gati et al (1996). The reliability of the instrument was ascertained with Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient and a coefficient of 0.90 was obtained for the whole instrument. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and independent samples t-test. The results revealed that secondary school students are confronted with career decision-making difficulties in nine out of the ten levels used for the study. Moreover, gender was not significant except for one out of the ten distinct levels. The conclusion was drawn that students are faced with career decision-making difficulties and that there were no gender differences in all the difficulty levels.

Norfatin Afiqah Binti Nashar   Jumintono   Rita Rena Pudyastuti   Etty Handayani   Muhammad Roni Indarto   Jaka Sunardi   Nurcahyani Dewi Retnowati   and Sicilia Sawitri   

This study was motivated by video-based learning materials on general knowledge, which is getting more popular. In many cases, video-based education is one of the best ways to learn in today's digital technology. The purpose of this study is to explore the increasing student understanding of learning general knowledge about plastics. This research was conducted using fundamental quantitative analysis in a video tutorial involving 28 respondents from polymer technology students at Mara University Technology (UiTM). The data were collected by giving tests to students before (pre-test) and after (post-test) watching the video. There are five questions students must answer. Data were collected and analysed using the Statistical Package for Science for Windows software Version 21.0 (SPSS V21.0). The frequency and percentage are re-coded to compare the results between pre-test and post-test. A positive response means an increase in the ratio and the percentage of students who get the correct answer on the post-test. This treatment shows a positive response to video-based learning from students. The study results concluded that there was a significant increase compared to before and after the test. Instructional videos make the learning environment more attractive than textbook learning. In this way, learning can provide many benefits for students and teaching staff in increasing their understanding of general knowledge about plastics.

Aan Yuliyanto   and Turmudi   

Self-efficacy (SE) can encourage students to complete their assignments. The research intended to investigate the achievement of students' self-efficacy by guiding concrete-pictorial-abstract (CPA) based on early mathematical ability (EMA). The research utilized quasi-experimental methods in learning mathematics regarding the volume of cubes and rectangular prisms. The population were all fifth-grade students of elementary schools in Purwakarta, Subang, Karawang, and Bekasi. Samples were 119 participants in Karawang. The instruments applied were questionnaires, tests, and daily journals. The prerequisite materials related to the volume of cubes and rectangular prisms are a topic about arithmetic calculation, square root, flat area, unit length, and problem-solving. Study’s result informed that there was no significant difference in the achievement of students' self-efficacy through CPA and conventional mentoring in the high and moderate EMA groups. There was a significant difference in the achievement of students' self-efficacy in the low group given CPA and conventional guidance. This finding gave birth to a strategy of developing self-efficacy in elementary schools using the CPA approach, especially the use of concrete objects around students through mentoring activities in schools, considering that self-efficacy makes it easy to solve problems especially when it comes to students with low initial abilities.

Constantina Stefanidou   Ioanna Stavrou   Kyriakos Kyriakou   and Constantine Skordoulis   

Inquiry-based learning model relies on the idea that individuals are able to learn by researching real problems and questions. It promotes science as a way of thinking and an attitude of mind. It is a multifaceted activity that involves making observations, posing hypothesis, making experiments to test it, and giving explanations. This study is in the field of science teacher education. It was conducted to investigate pre-service primary teachers’ difficulties regarding the implementation of the inquiry-based teaching. The sample consists of 74 pre-service teachers’ teaching scenarios for electromagnetism; they were collected in the context of an Introductory Didactics of Science Laboratory course in which participants experienced inquiry-based teaching and learning. Content analysis of the teaching scenarios was followed in order to analyze the data. The results show that pre-service teachers have some difficulties in implementing inquiry-based teaching. Their difficulties mainly focus on the formulation of the research hypothesis and the designing of the corresponding experiment in order to test the hypothesis. The findings implied that although pre-service teachers recognize experimentation as an important part of science teaching, they had difficulties designing experiments that test particular hypotheses related to the teaching objectives. These findings contribute to the field of science teacher education, shedding light to the difficulties pre-service primary teachers have in implementing inquiry-based teaching model. Particularly, pre-service primary teachers should be offered a much bigger amount of opportunities to engage in authentic inquiries before they are ready to implement inquiry-base teaching in their classes.

Fatime Hoxha   and Shemsi Morina   

In this paper we have analyzed 40 villages of the municipality of Suhareka. In the years after the war, the number of newborn children with physical and mental health problems has greatly increased. Such problems cause changes in society and are an important and necessary object of study to be given the merit of study. Recently, we have witnessed an increase in the number of children with special needs, ranging from speech impediments to physical barriers to changes in the biological structures of the human body. From our analysis, it turns out that in Suhareka, the place with the largest number of children with disorders is Bllacë. Suhareka; the place I study is a place not too big as a surface and either not mixed with communities, so their involvement is very small, which makes the analysis very specific and deals in detail with the community Albanian who has experienced these changes over time. In the local registry, all these children have a recommendation for special treatment; and as can be seen from the survey with parents, very few of these recommendations have been followed. The main disorder that the children in this study suffer from was intellectual disorder. From these diseases the most affected by what we have analyzed turns out to be the male.

Haerul Syam   Akbar Sutawidjaja   Cholis Sa’dijah   and Abadyo   

In this study, students’ critical thinking in geometry problem solving is referred to the five stages namely Identifying, Visualizing, Analyzing, Applying and Evaluating. Some aspects were evaluated at every stage. Identifying included elaborating information, associating problems with prior knowledge and stating the root of the problem; Visualizing included using images or sketches to represent the problem; Analyzing encompassed simplifying problem situations and making an initial prediction or conjecture; Applying involved determining the stages for solving the problem and finding the solution to the problem; and Evaluating included clarifying the key terms used and rechecking the problem-solving result. This qualitative study was conducted on 60 students from SMP Negeri 1 Pangkajene. The data were collected using a geometry problem-solving test. The results of the analysis showed that at the Visualizing stage, three subjects used a garden drawing or sketched a garden to represent the problem, while one subject solved the problem without representation. At the Applying stage, all of the subjects used different strategies to solve the geometry problem.

Fadi Soud Samawi   and Natheer Sihan Abu Nair   

The study aimed to identify the role of the faculty member in Jordanian universities in protecting their students from cultural pollution from the students' point of view, and whether there is a difference according to the type of university, major, and academic year. To achieve the goals of the study, a scale has been developed that measures the role of the faculty member in protecting his students from cultural pollution, and it was randomly distributed to 2400 male and female students from public and private universities. The results indicated that the role of the faculty member was high in protecting his students from cultural pollution, and that there are differences in the role of the faculty member in protecting students from cultural pollution attributed to the gender variable and in favor of males, and there are no differences in the specialty and year of study, and the study recommends educating male and female students about the importance of the role of the faculty member in protecting them from cultural pollution. The importance of the study lies in providing researchers and Arab libraries with an expanded theoretical framework on the phenomenon of cultural pollution, the results of the current study also benefit the officials in the Jordanian higher education institutions by setting out educational and guidance programs for male and female students about the seriousness of this phenomenon.

Mohammad N. M. Ayasrah   Shima M. S. Yahyaa   and Omar M. K. Al-Mahasneh   

The study sought to identify the educational values (Cognitive, health, social, personal, national) included in story collection for fourth and fifth grade students in Jordan and their indicators. Another objective was to define the percentage of including these values based on school semester and grade level. An instrument was developed to answer the questions of the study. The sample of the study was all the population which was the story collection for fourth and fifth grade students starting from the school year 2017. These were (4) story collection distributing on (4) group for each grade level. The study findings indicated that educational values were all included in the story collection for both grade levels. Social values ranked first, with (35.5%) for fourth grade, and (40%) for fifth grade, while health values ranked last with (3%) for fourth grade, and (11.4%) for fifth grade. The study suggested some recommendations and the most important is to pay more attention to health values as they are a reflection of student’s awareness of the importance of health practices and their positive effect on their personal life and the surrounding environment.

Desfa Yusmaliana   Suyadi   Hendro Widodo   and Asyraf Suryadin   

Optimizing the potential of the brain in learning so far has not touched the intuitive brain dimensions that regulate the way of thinking as creative imagination. In the Islamic education context, creative imagination is precisely being mistaken as a delusion that destroys the potential of the rational brain. This research aims to develop creative imagination based on neuroscience in the Islamic learning course in elementary schools. This research has used Dick and Carey model. Product design was developed by adapting the concept of Vygotsky's learning tools into a new model of Creative Imagination based on Neuroscience (CIBN). Design analysis of the development models was carried out in two phases, namely requirement analysis and feasibility analysis. The needs analysis was done by adjusting the use of cognitive tools and presenting to the teacher, while the feasibility analysis was done through the validation of material and media experts. Specifically, the validation data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively with a mean value of "Very Good" and media experts obtained a mean value of "Good". In conclusion, the learning module with the CIBN model is feasible according to the material experts and media experts to be continued in the next stage and serves as a source of input for planning and implementing further learning programs. This research also has implications as a new offer that can contribute to learning in a new normal era due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Nurah Saleh Alfares   

This study aims to explore how teachers’ application of the procedures and instructions for promoting cooperative learning (CL) affects their practices. The purpose of this study is to explore teachers’ behaviors and perceptions while applying procedures and instructions to encourage CL in their teaching practice. The problem is that the application of CL in Saudi English as a foreign language (EFL) educational environments tend to be used more in group arrangements than as an effective technique to encourage learners’ communication and interaction. Still, the EFL literature has recommended appropriate procedures to promote CL for teachers. In this study, nine participating teachers were provided these CL procedures to apply in their daily teaching practice. The researcher applied mixed methods as follows: quantitative data from structured observations during EFL lessons and qualitative data from the teachers’ daily reports and open-ended questionnaire answers. The findings told that most of the teachers felt that the procedures helped them support their students and encourage them to work effectively and cooperatively in groups. Moreover, the findings indicated that the instructions helped the EFL teachers increase their students’ interaction and communication by prompting them to apply CL procedures. However, the majority of the teachers did not appropriately encourage their EFL learners to engage in CL even though they were aware of the procedures.

Palupi Sri Wijayanti   Juang Kurniawan Syahruzah   Septian Aji Permana   Supri Hartanto   and Esti Setiawati   

The purpose of this study is to determine student perceptions in the process of supervising the implementation of teaching practices in ASEAN countries. The supervision process referred to is the Pattern of supervision and intensity of monitoring. This research is descriptive. The research variables consisted of three variables, namely the design of guidance, a concentration of advice, and time of supervision. The research population is students practicing teaching programs in ASEAN countries from 2017 to 2019, while the research sample is students practicing from mathematics education courses and elementary teacher education. Data collection techniques were done by questionnaire, documentation, and interview—data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative data analysis will describe the categorization of patterns of supervision and intensity, while quantitative data analysis will show the classification of these variables. The results of the study show that students' perceptions of the Pattern of supervision for microteaching in the SEA-Teacher Program are generally good. It is characteristic visible from the importance of the existence and role of the mentor, the scope of supervision aspects was considered comprehensive, the scheduled time structure, and varied supervision methods.

Malathi Letchumanan   Sharifah Kartini Said Husain   Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub   Kien Tsong Chau   Fakhry Ilham Mohd Radzi   and Inn Ching Heng   

The current industry environment demands employees to have higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Thus, higher learning institutions should play an important role to inculcate HOTS among learners. Integration of ICT is believed to promote HOTS among learners effectively. However, existing literature in the Malaysian context shows that not many academicians understand the concepts of HOTS. Furthermore, academicians are not integrating ICT in their classrooms to promote HOTS among learners. Hence, this study aims to investigate academicians’ awareness and knowledge level of HOTS, and the factors that influence the use of ICT by academicians in promoting HOTS among learners. This study used the survey method to collect data. Thirty-five academicians from a local public university participated in the study. Data were collected via questionnaire. Descriptive and thematic analyses were carried out to analyse the data. The results showed that the majority of respondents have low awareness level and knowledge about HOTS. Meanwhile, it is also noted that most of the academicians did not integrate HOTS elements in their courses. All the respondents integrated ICT in their classrooms and believed that ICT could promote HOTS. The findings also showed that learner factor such as attitude towards technology, self-efficacy and instructor factor such as technology competency strongly influenced the use of ICT by the respondents to promote HOTS among learners. This study could contribute in terms of expanding readers’ understanding on the academicians’ awareness and knowledge level of HOTS and the factors that can contribute to enhancing HOTS among learners in ICT integrated classes.

Krismadinata   Unung Verawardina   Nizwardi Jalinus   Fahmi Rizal   Sukardi   Putu Sudira   Dochi Ramadhani   Arina Luthfini Lubis   John Friadi   Ari Syaiful Rahman Arifin   and Dony Novaliendry   

This article aims to examine and provide an explanation of the blended learning model in vocational education. The method used is a meta-analysis method. All data contained in published studies were all used. Sampling suitable for meta-analysis using surveys, laboratory experiments and field studies is based on the results of literature studies from pre-existing research, covering 45 publications, through studies of scientific sources, indexed international journals and relevant books, and also from several findings. Based on the research results, blended learning is a learning process that combines face-to-face learning and online learning. Before implementing blended learning in vocational education, things that need to be considered first for the implementation of blended learning are the normal development of the blended learning model, application of topology, and also knowing the characteristics of the institution. Particularly in the field of vocational, one must be able to adapt to vocational education, infrastructure, technology, learning, pedagogical principles, activity assessment, baiting processes, interactions, resources, activities, infrastructure, culture, management and organization, ethics, etc. Furthermore, it is also necessary to make the blended learning stage more systematic, starting from the stage of creating conditions for success, planning, implementing, and improving with the sub-stages. There were four blended learning models to choose from, namely the rotation model (consisting of rotation model, lab rotation, and flipped individual classroom rotation), flex model, self-blend model, and enriched-virtual model.

Sami Fahad Alsenaidi   

This study aimed at the inclusion of teaching ‘skills for the future’ in the bachelor programs at Qassim University in Saudi Arabia and its effectiveness in developing future job skills to meet labor market requirements. The study obtained an overview of the future skills that students should acquire and their effectiveness. The methodology used in this study was quasi-experimental and used a single-experimental group design. It also used a descriptive approach to identify the future skills that should be included in the bachelor program at Qassim University. The data collection method used in this study was a pre-test and post-test of future skills, implemented on the sample before and after teaching the ‘skills for the future’ module in the bachelor Shari'a program at Qassim University. It revealed statistically significant differences at specific levels between the mean scores of the students in the pre-test and post-test, with higher scores in the post-test. This study contributes to knowledge about the most important future skills to include in undergraduate programs, which would enable students to face future challenges.

Nana Suraiya   Yusrizal   M Shabri Abd. Majid   and Deny Setiawan   

This study aims to produce an evaluation model of the Integrated Social Sciences learning program in junior high schools. The subject of social studies education plays an important aspect in school, because it is not only teaching knowledge, but also it educates character for the students. However, generally there is no clear guideline on how the evaluation of the students undertaken by the teachers works. Since there are a wide range of evaluation models by the scientist, this study will focus on the use of Borg and Gall models. A qualitative method was used with Research and Development (R&D) approach which consists of ten stages. The data collection technique used was simple random sampling with a total of 350 students from eight schools in Aceh Province. It used questionnaires, tests and documentation. The instrument validity includes face validity and content validity. It is also analyzed by expert judgment. Furthermore, construct validation was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The instrument reliability estimation uses the Cronbach Alpha formula with the help of the SPSS for Window 16.0 program. The results of the evaluation model research produced are called EP_PISTdu. It is an evaluation model that can be undertaken by social studies education teacher to measure student’s ability. After the model was examined towards some school, it can be concluded that the EP_PISTdu evaluation model product is feasible to be used as a system to measure the Evaluation of Integrated Social Studies Learning Programs in junior high schools. The EPISTdu can be used by the teachers, especially in social studies education module in junior high school level.

Qabas Jameel Rashid   and Natalia Teslenko   

The study is devoted to Aviation English language learning by future aviation industry professionals in the context of obligatory disciplines which are of vital importance for future specialists in the aviation industry professional activity. Aviation English language learning determines the readiness and ability of future specialists in the aviation industry to conduct dialogue both in the native and in English aviation languages, first of all, in direct professional activity. The main purpose of the investigation is to figure out the effective approaches and teaching methods of professionally oriented English vocabulary for the students of aviation industry and to develop a new program strategy for the introduction of communicative methods and techniques in Aviation English teaching of future aviation industry professionals. The leading methods which were used during the investigation are online and paper questionnaire of Aviation English teaching in National Aviation University; online and paper questionnaire of students on the effectiveness of the use of communicative training excesses in the classroom; statistical processing of the data obtained, individual and collective interviews with the teachers of foreign languages, video, presentations, usage of the Moodle platform and Google classroom. The investigation has two types of result: theoretical and practical. The theoretical overview has shown that future aviation professionals’ training is guided by regulations on air navigation in accordance with the standards and recommended practices of the International Civil Aviation Organization. The practical results of the study, presented in the investigation, proved out that the most approaches of Aviation English teaching of future aviation industry professionals are the competence, communicative and contextual. The dominant method for professionally oriented Aviation English teaching are communicative training methods, which were suggested for improving English proficiency of future aviation industry professionals, has proved out its quality and effectiveness. “The professionally oriented Aviation English learning program for the aviation industry students” which was developed by the author in the process of investigation promotes further proficiency of future aviation industry professionals is significant in contributing to air transportation safety. The main conclusions of the provided investigation show that the development of English-language communicative language skills of future aviation industry professionals to the high point demands the organization of a qualitative educational environment of universities, which should help students to adapt to the English-language academic, professional and information environment.

Zafrul Allam   and Azam Malik   

Students have their own connotations related to satisfaction because their perception influences the performance which will provide opportunities to them to get the better quality of life in later stages. The present study planned to ascertain the relationships between infrastructure, campus life, admin./staff support and faculty with academic support among business students. The investigation was designed to identify predictor(s) of student satisfaction. A total of 147 students were included in the study which has been selected randomly from the business college of Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The student satisfaction scale was used to gather information. The data have been analyzed by means of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the investigation revealed that (i) all the factors of student satisfaction had positive and significant relationships with each (ii) faculty, infrastructure and campus life were emerged as most potent predictors of students’ satisfaction with academic support and (iii) majority of the students showed the moderate level of satisfaction. The significance and limitation of this investigation are also presented, which will shed the light of hope of other investigators to go ahead with similar kinds of investigation with different methodologies. Further, it is suggested in this investigation that contemporary changes in the higher education systems and varying levels of student satisfaction will surely attract the employer to employ the talented or competent students to enhance the profits of the institutions.

Yoon Fah LAY   and Khar Thoe NG   

Previous researches found various psychological traits (e.g., emphasis of school on academic success, job satisfaction and challenges faced by teachers as well as sense of belonging among students) could have affected science achievement of students. This study examined the predictive effects of school climate on science achievement among Southeast Asian Grade 8 students participated in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. In this research, school principals’ and science teachers’ reports of school emphasis on academic success, psychological traits such as science teachers’ job satisfaction and challenges faced as well as students’ sense of belonging towards school were analyzed using International Database (IDB) Analyzer. Data were obtained from 9,726 Malaysian students, 6,116 Singaporean students, and 6,482 Thai students who participated in TIMSS 2015. The analysis revealed that school emphasis on academic success as reported by school principals and science teachers in Malaysia and Thailand were significantly associated with and contributed to students’ science achievement. The sense of school belonging of students from Malaysia and Singapore was also significantly associated with and contributed to students’ science achievement. On the contrary, the scores of Thai female students for TIMSS 2015 were significantly higher than their male counterparts. Hence, school administrators should ensure that cognitive and socio-psychological aspects of the implementation of all activities are well taken care of throughout the years to ensure academic success of students.

Aiman M. Freihat   

This study investigated the importance of using the achievement file, in both electronic and paper forms, as an evaluation instrument to document the performance of both teachers and students. The researcher planned the question in the following question: What is the future vision of the college members' use of achievement (paper-electronically) files, at the Ajloun University College, as modern methods for evaluating their students? The researcher used the descriptive-differential analytical approach. The researcher noticed, through observation and interview, that many previous relevant studies were reviewed to clarify the mechanism of using the (paper-electronic) achievement files. The study presented some results related to the quality of students' learning, the quality of the educational process, and others related to the quality of the used evaluation method. This study provided a future vision of the college members' use of the achievement files to evaluate the expected learning in several disciplines: knowledge (cognitive skills), dealing with others, taking responsibility, communication skills, information technology (IT), numerical skills, and psychomotor skills. The researcher recommended educating the university community about the culture of developing students' evaluation systems and exams to improve the educational system and ensure its quality. This could be done by spreading the culture of evaluation and exam development. Besides, students should be taught from the beginning about their roles and what was required from them with every step of the process of using the achievement file in their evaluation. Students should be provided with instruments, guiding them to the resources that would help them accomplish the work included in the file.

Heriyanto   Yanuar Yoga Prasetyawan   and Yuli Rohmiyati   

Indonesian universities have a long tradition of supporting their students in developing their innovative and creative ways of thinking during their times in university. One of the programs being continuously offered to the students is named student creativity program. It was initiated in 2001 to showcase students’ creative and innovative works. This study presented undergraduate students’ information literacy experience during their involvement in this program conducted by Diponegoro University, Indonesia. This research was based on the relational perspective of information literacy that emphasizes the relationship between people and information. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 undergraduate students from 8 different faculties. Thematic analysis was conducted to interpret various related aspects. Results revealed that the identified themes contributed to communities, brainstorming, and Googlization. All the themes illustrated the information literacy experience of undergraduate students as they contributed to the university creative program. This study provided new insights into students’ creativity programs and information literacy as a basis for designing future research. Although the majority of studies in Indonesia have focused on the conception of information literacy from a behavioral perspective, this research offered different ways on understanding the conception of information literacy. This research would be beneficial to university libraries in terms of enhancing their information literacy programs and faculties in terms of understanding how undergraduate students interact with information during their academic activities.

Suranto   Noviantin Rahayu   Lia Setyawati   and Dhany Efita Sari   

The purpose of this study is to produce sparkol videoscribe-based learning video products that are suitable to be used in journalizing trade accounting journals with a spreadsheet program. The type of research used was research and development. The development procedure in this study was the ADDIE model, which consisted of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research was conducted in two stages, namely a limited trial phase and an experimental stage to a larger class. This sparkol videoscribe learning video contained tutorial material for journalizing trade accounting with a spreadsheet program. Before conducting trials and experiments with students, this learning video has been assessed for eligibility by material experts and media experts. The results of the material experts obtained a final score of 3.47 (very feasible), while the media experts obtained a score of 3.2, which means feasible. The results of the researchers tested the feasibility of learning media obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to students that at the trial stage, the average questionnaire score was 3.05 (feasible). In addition, at the experimental stage, the results obtained an average questionnaire score of 3.07 (feasible). The results of the research development process have proven that sparkol videoscribe is feasible to be used in learning spreadsheets for accounting.

Thomas Ajayi   Peter A. Amosun   and Olugbenga A. Ige   

Previous studies have established that pre-service teachers’ performance in Social studies is dwindling. Prior researches have focused largely on strategies to improve students’ performance in Social studies, with less attention to examining the relationship that the use of online resources have with students’ performance in the subject. This study assessed the impact of online resources on pre-service teachers’ academic performance in Social studies concepts. The study adopted descriptive research using correlational design, and purposive sampling technique. A total of 398 Students responded to the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was subjected to Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Findings of this study reported no significant relationship in students’ use of online resources and their performance in Social Studies. This paper, therefore, concludes that, students’ use of online resources has no significant relationship with their academic performance in the concepts selected in social studies. It was recommended that, adequate use of online resources by the students should be encouraged at all levels of education, to improve students’ academic performance.

M. Fadlillah   Rochmat Wahab   Yulia Ayriza   Lailatu Rohmah   and Erif Ahdhianto   

The potential of multiple intelligences of early childhood possessed from birth will be able to develop optimally when they get the right parenting patterns from their parents. Unfortunately, there are still many parents, especially in Java who do not understand it, so parenting tends to be careless. On the other hand, related research is still very limited. This research aimed to explore parenting patterns by parents in developing multiple intelligences in early childhood. This research used qualitative methods with a phenomelogical approach to uncover this phenomenon. Data collection was carried out by in-depth and open interviews with three parents who have early childhood with excellence and achievements in the field of multiple intelligences. Data analysis used a phenomenological qualitative analysis. This research indicates that there are three main themes of parenting patterns, namely: 1) identification of children's interests and talents: done by parents intensively by observing activities that are preferred and become children's excellence intensively; 2) the demandingness and responsiveness of parents in developing children's multiple intelligences: Parents' high demandingness and responsiveness can develop early childhood multiple intelligences; and 3) the development and stimulation of multiple intelligences: parents stimulate the children's multiple intelligences talents by having children take a course and various competition activities that are appropriate to their abilities. In short, our research shows that balanced demands and responses from parents are required so that the multiple intelligences can develop optimally so that they will be able to make the expected abilities and achievements.

Jay Bagsao Napanoy   and Mathew K. Peckley   

Assessment is an important factor that can directly influence the quality of education. Hence, in order for an assessment to reach its full potential, it is necessary for teachers to have an adequate level of assessment literacy. Anent to this, it is observed that teachers are quite knowledgeable about classroom assessment but their assessment practices are not appropriate and not as extensive. Literature on assessment literacy is limited to professional development of the teacher and its impact on their assessment literacy but very few included teaching experience and school type as variables affecting assessment literacy and practice especially for the indigenous communities. The main concern of this study was to determine the assessment literacy of the public elementary school teachers of indigenous communities in Bontoc, Northern Philippines. This quantitative research involved all the in-service public elementary school teachers. Findings showed that assessment literacy of the public elementary school teachers is poor. Aside from that, the public elementary school teachers displayed that they always practice assessment in relation to purpose, design, and communication. Moreover, demographic variables, school type and teaching experience, do not influence teachers’ assessment literacy. And lastly, it is shown that assessment literacy is related to assessment practices. Hence, assessment proved not to be limited to individual’s performance but to the totality of the individual including the teacher as the assessor. Thus, seminars on assessment should be conducted and postgraduate studies be encouraged

Darmaji   Dwi Agus Kurniawan   Astalini   Rahmat Perdana   Artha Lumbantoruan   Nengria Nasih   Sofiah Christine Samosir   and Utari Prisma Dewi   

This study aims to look at differences in students' perceptions about the use of mobile-based practicums. This type of research is a mixed method, involving 117 students with 59 students in the physics education study program and 58 students in the chemistry education study program. Data collection uses an interview and perception questionnaire about mobile-based practicum guides using a Likert scale of 5, for data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of an independent sample t-test. Based on the results of data analysis from the perception questionnaire produced for the basic physics practicum guide based on mobile learning, it can be concluded that the basic physics practicum guide based on mobile learning has a positive response, which was given by physics education study program students and Chemistry study program students with the perception results of educational study programs physics included in the frequency category 38 and the percentage are 64.4%. And for the perception of chemistry study programs, it is also included in the good category contained at frequency 28 with a percentage of 48.3%. There are differences in the two classes, and physics education students have a dominant category better than chemistry education students as shown by the t-test conducted. Therefore, it is recommended to use technology in the learning media to be taught, because it has various advantages in using it.

Mamat Ruhimat   

This study aims to analyze the level of social studies teacher's understanding of scientific learning approaches. The subjects of this study were 60 junior high school social studies teachers in Bandung, Indonesia. This research uses survey design. Data collection uses questionnaires. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with IBM SPSS 22. The findings indicate that social studies teachers have understood the mechanism of scientific learning in a moderate level. Some of the answers to questions show an understanding of the stages of social science learning in junior high schools in Bandung. The response confirms that they have understood the mechanism of scientific learning with a moderate level of understanding. Although the majority of respondents have the low understanding of the four stages of scientific learning, almost all research questions answered by teacher respondents are appropriate by scientific standards. This result can practically be a direction for policy makers to formulate teacher education which does not merely emphasize the pedagogical and professional aspects in terms of students' mastery and teaching materials, but also deepens epistemological aspects and scientific mechanisms to broaden scientific fundamentals in classroom.

Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin   Shuhada Abdul Ghani   Suziyani Mohamed   and Mohd Mokhtar Tahar   

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), also referred to as supplementary and replacement communication is critical to provide a communication channel for autistic students who find communicating via learning and facilitating the process in a class challenge. The communication competence of educators can promote and improve positive learning behaviours among students who have autism during the learning process. The objective of this research is to determine the augmentative and alternative communication skills possessed by special education teachers for autistic students in a classroom setting. The respondents of this study comprised of 73 Malaysian special education teachers. The pandemic has prompted the needs analysis questionnaire to be administered online to identify the knowledge and skills among the teachers. The findings reported the knowledge and skills among the respondents by percentage in the realization of AAC in a classroom setting. Findings based on the responses discovered an average level of the knowledge and skills among the teachers in the implementation of AAC which emphasizes the need for teachers to receive more extensive guidance.

Tunku Aidayuhanna Raja Mafuzin   and Wan Muna Ruzanna Wan Mohammad   

This study aims to explore comprehension mastery for the meaning of parables by the Orang Asli of the Temiar Tribe. The design of this study is a case study involving a total of five Form Two Orang Asli students of the Temiar Tribe as study participants. Form two students were chosen because they have already been exposed to parables at the secondary school level, from when they were in form one. Study data were analysed qualitatively using the adaptation and modification of Semiotic Theory and Social Constructivism Theory. The study participants answered a total of three parable questions in a set of Cermin Minda. Parables are one of the types of proverbs which are listed in the Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document for the Malay Language, for Form Two students. The results of the study found all of the study participants failed to give the correct answer when stating parables and their meanings based on the matching visual objects given in the question. Based on the answer given, the study participants can state the name of the visual object in the matching visual object, but unfortunately, they were not able to state the correct parable. This is because the answers given by the study participants do not reflect the actual parable itself. Only one study participant was able to express the parable correctly. However, all other study participants failed to provide the correct answer for the meaning of each parable. Based on the findings of this study, Orang Asli of the Temiar Tribe students are still weak in stating parable and their meanings. Teachers need to give the special and continuous attention.

Jamalullail Abdul Wahab   Ahmad Zamri Mansor   Muhammad Hussin   and Sharla Kumarasamy   

The Ministry of Education’s continuous effort in ensuring the success of education transformation requires the commitment of headmasters with instructional leadership qualities and high performing teachers. The role of instructional leadership is vital and can be a determinant of excellence and achievement of the desired education. There were three objectives of this study: (1) to identify the level of instructional leadership practice by the headmaster; (2) to identify the level of performance of the teachers; and (3) to identify the relationship between the level of instructional leadership practice and teacher performance. This study is a descriptive research using survey design involving 92 teachers of a National Primary School (Tamil) (SJKT) in Jasin, Melaka, Malaysia. The instrument was a questionnaire on teacher leadership instructional styles and teacher performance. Descriptive statistics (frequency) and inference statistics (Spearman's correlation test) have been used to answer the objectives of this study. The result showed that the level of instructional leadership of the headmasters and the level of performance of the teachers were high and there was a significant relationship between the headmaster instructional leadership practice and the performance of the teachers. Based on the findings of the study, it is proposed that the Ministry of Education Malaysian periodically and continuously conduct leadership training for all headmasters including SRJKT to improve the performance of teachers.

Rubashini Ramakrishnan   Norshidah Mohamad Salleh   and Aliza Alias   

Teachers play an essential role in implementing the ultimate goal of education by producing insightful human capital in line with the goals of the Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025. This effort is also the main responsibility of special education teachers in improving a learning process that satisfies the specific necessities of special needs students. Special education teachers require to furnish themselves with a wide assortment of knowledge and skills so that quality education can be applied to students with special needs. Therefore, this study investigates the level of technological pedagogy and content knowledge, teaching style, self-efficacy and competency among special education teachers. This research employs a quantitative approach applying the survey method. In this research, 229 special education teachers from vocational schools are involved as a sample. The collected data were analysed, adopting the SPSS application to get the mean and standard deviation. The results confirm that the technological pedagogy and content knowledge (mean = 4.96), teaching style (mean = 5.44), self-efficacy (mean = 6.92) and competency (4.12) are at high level. This study carries positive impacts on teachers’ task in enhancing the quality of their teaching profession.

Radin Siti Aishah Radin A. Rahman   Norasmah Othman   and Nor Baizura Muhamad Talkis   

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of interest, attitude, teachers and peers towards entrepreneurial career intention of religious secondary school students in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are to identify the level of interest, attitude, teachers’ guidance, peers and behaviour towards students’ entrepreneurial career intention, and to identify the influence of attitude, interest, teachers’ guidance, and peers towards student behaviour on entrepreneurial career intention. This quantitative study uses a survey design involving 328 religious secondary school students in the Sepang district based on multistage sampling starting from stratified random sampling to simple random sampling. The result of the study showed that the domains of attitude, interest, teachers’ guidance, peers and behaviour of entrepreneurial career intention are at a moderately high level. The result of the analysis also revealed that the domain of attitude, interest, teachers’ guidance and peers have significant influence over behaviour on entrepreneurial career intention at 62.6 percent. The domain of interest is the best way to predict the behaviour of students’ entrepreneurial career intention compared to other domains. On the other hand, the domain of attitude is the worst in predicting the behaviour of entrepreneurial career intention. These findings clearly indicate that religious secondary school students have a moderately high tendency to choose entrepreneurship as a career which is driven by interest, teachers’ guidance and peers. The implications of the study also contribute to the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour by Ajzen (1991). Meanwhile, schools need to play a role nurturing entrepreneurial attitudes through formal and informal education continuously.

Mohd Jasmy Abd Rahman   Macliffton Tembak Sinau   and Nur Kamariah Ensimau   

All children have their right to go to school and learn regardless of who they are. Having an education helps people to access all of their other human rights. Therefore, Ministry of Education in Malaysia made early childhood education compulsory. Literacy development has contributed to the knowledge in early childhood education. In the age of digital technology, 21st century learning is an era of change and innovation in education. Rural preschools in Malaysia have shown their dedication to make 21st century learning a prime medium in increasing literacy. The use of multimedia during preschool children's learning sessions is more interactive by relying on the integration of various media including audio, video, graphics and others to enhance children's language development. This research objective is to find out the level of readiness of pre-school teachers in the development of early childhood literacy based on 21st century learning. The questionnaire has been distributed to 30 samples of respondents in third grade rural primary school teachers in Kapit District, Sarawak was selected randomly. The findings of this study showed that teachers in rural areas are ready to apply the multimedia in teaching literacy. Hence, it is hoped that the findings of this study will assist certain parties, especially the Malaysian Ministry of Education to conduct special training in order to solve the problems that occur in rural primary schools.

Vera Aprianti   and Sheerad Sahid   

Abstract Economic development of a country may not be achieved when the quality of its human resources is low. Therefore, teachers with high competencies contribute to the quality of the learning process in schools, especially in the era of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) learning. This paper aims to examine the relationship between teachers’ competencies and 4IR learning among economics teachers. A quantitative approach using self-administered questionnaires was employed. The units of analysis of the study were economics teachers in the central city of Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 256 respondents from the sampling frame were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by correlation and regression tests using IBM SPSS, Version 25. The results indicate that teachers’ competency has a positive correlation and a significant effect on 4IR learning. The findings from the study contribute to the future development of economics teachers by shaping the quality of education. Teachers can also have more flex¬ibility in designing their lessons creatively in the 4IR learning era.

Norasmah Othman   and Radin Siti Aishah Radin A. Rahman   

This study aims to identify the level of entrepreneurship readiness and resilience of secondary school students in Selangor, Malaysia. This is measured through three elements—the student’s readiness of attitude, readiness in learning, and spiritual readiness—with resilience measured using six elements: social skills, problem solving, autonomy, optimism, humor and spirituality. This study also identifies the correlation between students’ entrepreneurship readiness and entrepreneurship resilience with a quantitative, survey-based approach involving 442 secondary school students. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and inference forms; the study’s findings reveal moderate levels of entrepreneurship readiness and resilience among the surveyed secondary school students. Meanwhile, Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrates that a positive relationship exists (r=0.747) between entrepreneurship readiness and resilience among secondary school students. This study provides assistance to the parties involved with secondary school education, or specifically, in designing and planning entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship training to improve entrepreneurial learning practice, students’ interest and enthusiasm towards entrepreneurship. Consequently, this will enhance students’ self-resilience, which indirectly creates competent and sophisticated societies.

Nur Syahmina Amalia Ab Razak   and Rosseni Din   

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the already rapid pace of global development, including technological advances. Teachers are therefore required to adapt to, and update themselves on, the types of pedagogy needed to make teaching and learning attractive to students. However, the pandemic outbreak continues to threaten the education system and has closed schools worldwide. Consequently, the education system has changed dramatically, with teaching and learning increasingly being undertaken remotely on digital platforms. Video is one of the tools that can be used during this pandemic phase. This paper identifies secondary school students’ perceptions of the use of video in teaching and learning. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-tests, and Pearson Correlation tests. The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents had positive perceptions of video usage in the classroom. These findings are useful for English teachers and may be useful for other educators in the same field. Because there are different types of students, this study will be beneficial in enabling educators to understand their students' preferences when learning English. Educators can also optimize the use of video to enhance their students’ proficiency in the use of English.

Syarina Ramli   Mohamad Sattar Rasul   and Haryanti Mohd Affandi   

Green Skills are a gateway to turning Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) into a low carbon economy and innovation. Technology competency of Green Skills is one of the competencies that are essential to the driving force behind effective teaching and learning. Thus, this study seeks to identify the readiness level technology competency of green skills in 4IR amongst TVET teacher trainee. This study will also identify the needed level technology competency of green skills in 4IR towards TVET teacher trainee from the perspective of educator. A total of 154 teacher trainees and 44 educators were selected as samples by using disproportionate stratified random technique. The questionnaire has been developed and adapted from the Model of Green Skills Competency by Pavlova and Skills in 4IR consists of 8 indicators. Mean score and standard deviation for statistical measurement were used to report the findings. Findings from the analysis show that the readiness level technology competency of green skill in 4IR amongst TVET teacher trainee are at a moderate level. However, the needed level technology competency of green skills in 4IR towards TVET teacher trainee from the perspective of educator are at high level. This shows that technology competency of green skills is important to teacher trainee in order to face the challenge of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Findings from this study will benefit Institute of Teacher Education and Ministry of Education in order to prepare teacher trainees as well as in-service teachers with technology green skills so that our Sustainable Development Goals will be achieved and equip themselves in a way of Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Muhammad Syawal Amran   and Norhida Anor Basri   

Parenting style is very important in influencing students’ juvenile delinquent behaviour so that it will not go against the norm of society and rules regulated. Therefore, this study examined on parenting styles and its relationship to juvenile delinquent behaviour using mixed method design. Surveys were distributed to 187 students and interview sessions were conducted to five students to explore the relationship between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and delinquent behaviours (verbal, physical, sexual, anti-social). Study result shows that there is a significant relation between authoritarian parenting style and juvenile delinquent behaviour. However, authoritative and permissive parenting styles do not show any significant relationship. This means that parents who like to control and restrict the freedom of their children influence the behavior of juvenile students. Data collected from the interview shows that authoritarian type of parents have a lot more influence towards juvenile delinquent behaviour. This is because authoritarian parenting style prioritizes a high control level to make the children listen to them in making decisions causing the children to feel conflicted, less communicative and lost their trust in parents. Therefore, this study will explain on how parents play an important role in having faith in their children so that they will be responsible and smart in limiting and preserving their behaviour.

Nurhazlina Nordin   and Md Yusoff Daud   

Augmented reality (AR) applications are an agent of change in how students learn by taking the learning process beyond the physical space of the classroom. AR applications have begun to be integrated into high school textbooks to enable students to visualize real phenomena from the textbooks to enhance the learning experience. This study sought to determine the level of readiness of daily secondary school students for the use of AR applications in Form 2 science textbooks. The findings indicate a high level of readiness among students to use AR applications (mean=3.92, SD=.439), and a moderate level of hindrance in AR applications (mean=3.17, SD=.652). Pearson correlation tests of the relationships among all of the variables suggested that the use of AR applications would be acceptable among secondary school students. This study provides an important indicator that the future educational environment in Malaysia must take into account and integrate elements of the latest technology. Educational institutions must move forward innovatively and adapt to aspects related to the curriculum and learning infrastructure creatively.

Nur Iwani Zakaria   and Zanaton H. Iksan   

Computational thinking is a set of 21^st-century skills that can be applied in problem-solving processes and daily activities. The significance of computational thinking skills in the 21^st century has opened educators' eyes and minds to apply these skills to teaching and learning processes. Therefore, a survey was conducted to identify the level of computational thinking skill among high school students and the difference in computational thinking in terms of students' gender and education level. Ultimately, 343 students from secondary schools around the Pasir Mas district in Malaysia were selected as respondents using the cluster sampling method. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (i.e., mean score and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (i.e., t-test). The findings show that students’ computational thinking skill is at a high level. In terms of gender comparison, female students’ computational thinking skill is higher than that of male students. In addition, students’ computational thinking skill by level of education is the same. Thus, teachers should emphasize computational thinking skills in teaching and learning processes, whether through computer-based or unplugged activities. Proactive measures are needed to improve students’ level of computational thinking skills so that students equip themselves with the basic skills to face the challenges of the 21^st century.

Khairul Farhah Khairuddin   Siti Daniah Salleh   and Aizan Sofia Amin   

The increasing pressure to provide inclusive and equitable education and promote lifelong learning for all has enabled a growing number of individuals with disabilities to engage in tertiary education. This article explores the experiences of lecturers supporting students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in a Malaysian tertiary education institute. Their views are vital as they are the first point of contact when academic support is needed. Interviews were conducted with six lecturers who had experience in teaching students with ASD. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The main findings suggest that these lecturers were restricted in supporting students with ASD due to issues related to knowledge and awareness, the specific educational needs of students with ASD, and the importance of student peers. Lecturers have limited knowledge to draw on when making decisions to support the needs of the students. Nevertheless, they acknowledged that some of the students’ peers created a buddy system where they worked together with the lecturers to support the ASD students' needs in the absence of specialist personnel. The prospect of supporting and providing effective services to all students, regardless of background, ethnicity, gender and ability, is much anticipated by dedicated educators. This has implications for the way professionals are trained in the future.

Marini Kasim   Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob   and Faizahani Ab Rahman   

Postgraduate learning in Malaysian public or private universities has undergone tremendous shift in its landscape that a continuous diversity of trends has emerged where postgraduate programmes are now offered to a large number of local and foreign postgraduate students. One of the expected aspects of being postgraduates means having to make decisions that are not only wise, but also sound and apt. This requires postgraduates to acquire high level and value decision making skills that would prevent them from making catastrophic decisions such as choosing the right subject matter to investigate, supervisors and appropriate research instruments. Thus, the purpose of this study is to enhance the level of decision-making skills among master students in Strategic Management course using alternative assessment. Using explorative qualitative approach, this study employed an action research where participants' decision-making skills were evaluated followed by intervention treatments that would help them to make better decisions. Ten postgraduate students were asked to complete a self-filled questionnaire and participated in focus group discussion in the first phase of the data collection. SWOT analysis and presentation rubric were used as intervention tools in this study. Results indicated an increase of score from 79% to 85% at the end of the assessment. This concludes that the alternative assessment helps students to make better decisions. The findings illustrated that alternative assessment is different from the restrictive forms of traditional assessment and is advantageous to students, stakeholders, employers, funding bodies and others as it helps to establish capabilities and competencies as well as academic knowledge.

Benigno P. Legamia. Jr.   and Yuri Walter D. Akiate   

Covid-19 has brought about more higher education institutions confronted with the challenge of how to uphold continuity of learning and teaching while at the same time confronting the threat of extended closures. Thus, it is the primary intention of the researchers to determine how these online resources contribute to fostering digital learning and effective teaching in a state university in the Philippines during such unprecedented times. A qualitative method, employing the grounded theory approach was used to achieve this aim. To obtain in-depth information, twenty (20) participants were chosen from different academic units of the university. Ten (10) were faculty members who had been teaching for at least 5 years and ten (10) students who are at least on their second collegiate year level. Based on the themes generated from the statements of the participants, the researchers came up with the emerging concept on how to foster digital learning and effective teaching through online resources. The factors discussed in the paper together with proper utilization of online resources are expected to be addressed and be made available in order to maximize the use of online resources in 2020 and beyond.

Haerul Pathoni   Wawan Kurniawan   Louisiana Muliawati   Dwi Agus Kurniawan   Retno Wulan Dari   Aziza Putri Ningsi   and Dinda Desma Romadona   

This study aims to see the effect of science process skills on the critical thinking abilities of Junior High School and Islamic Junior High School Jambi City students on the density and reflection of the material in the mirror. The research method used was mixed methods, while the design used was sequential explanatory. The research was conducted at SMP Adhyaksa 1 Jambi City and MTS Al-Jauharen Jambi City. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster sampling. Instrument collecting data in this study used observation sheets science process skills, critical thinking skills test questions, and interview sheets. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Based on the results of a simple linear regression test, it was obtained t count> t table, namely 6.492> 2.0032 and 2.320> 2.0032, it can be said that there is a significant influence between science process skills and critical thinking skills in density material and its reflection on the mirror. This study shows that students of SMP and MTs have low science process skills and critical thinking skills. To improve sains process skills and critical thinking skills needed to do the learning that is centered on students and familiarize students doing the learning level of the high and the need for understanding of concepts through practical activities.

Budi Murtiyasa   Indah Miftakul Jannah   and Sri Rejeki   

The development of information technology plays an essential role in supporting learning activities in all subjects, including mathematics. In mathematics learning, teachers usually use conventional media, such as printed textbooks and paper-based students' worksheets. Regarding this issue, an innovation of mathematics learning media based on information technology is needed to be developed. Therefore, this study aims to design learning media based on mobile learning. This study is a research and development (R&D) study applying the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). This study's subjects are students in the tenth grade of a private vocational high school in Central Java, Indonesia. The results of this study can be described as follows: 1) the rating of media experts with an average value of 67.5 is included in the excellent category; 2) the material experts' assessment with an average score of 75 is included in the excellent category; 3) the students' evaluation with an average grade of 70,119 is included in the excellent category. The assessment was obtained from the SUS (System Usability Scale) questionnaire. Moreover, based on the analysis of a pre-experimental design, it can be concluded the media improve students' scores in the topic of matrix operations.

Parmjit Singh   Teoh Sian Hoon   Nurul Akmal Md Nasir   Cheong Tau Han   Nor Syazwani Md Rasid   and Joseph BZH   

Mathematical computation and reasoning are the core of mathematics teaching and learning. It is important for students to put on their thinking caps instead of merely memorizing facts and figures. This study was conducted to investigate mathematical reasoning and mental computation proficiencies among primary school students in Malaysia. This outcome would depict students' ability, whether the reasoning is logical or merely applying formulas without making sense of it. Utilizing a descriptive correlational design, a total of 213 primary school students comprising Primary 5 and Primary 6 participated in the study. The findings of the study show both Primary 5 and Primary 6 students have a moderately high level of mental computation proficiency with scores of 15.36 and 22.9 respectively (from a maximum score of 30). On the other hand, students obtained a low-level proficiency in the mathematical reasoning test with scores of 14.83 (SD = 6.76) and 18.74 (SD = 6.45) for primary 5 students and primary 6 students respectively from a maximum score of 70. How well do current exams grades reflect the student's proficiency in mathematical reasoning? The outcome indicates that the school grades do not guarantee the ability to solve complex, mathematical problems, thus does not reflect their ability in mathematical reasoning and mental computational.

Normaliza Abd Rahim   Nur Widad Roslan   Nur Maisarah Roslan   Nik Rafidah Nik Muhammad Affendi   and Siti Nur Aliaa Roslan   

Blog has played a major role in enhancing writing among second language learners. However, at times, the messages written are confusing and not being delivered appropriately especially among second language learners. Therefore, this study focuses on the use of blog writing in learning the Malay language. The objectives of the study are to identify and analyze the adjectives and verbs in the blog. The samples of the study consist of six volunteered female subjects from a class of Malay language at a university in Korea. The subjects are given a task as in writing a story about their stories, experiences and feelings towards the autumn season. The subjects are told to write at least a hundred words of writing in the blog. The writings from the subjects are analyzed by using the discourse analysis theory. The results of the study revealed that each subject managed to write at least five adjectives and five verbs in the writing. The subjects also managed to write interesting experiences and stories in the blog. The result of the study also revealed that the subjects managed to write more than one story and show that they are happy with the task given to them. This showed that blog writing helps in the process of learning the second language. It is hoped that future studies will focus on blog writing for other means of grammar usage.

Aditya Pratama   Siti Fatimah Zahra   and Sulistiyani   

Professionals in the field of taxation have an important contribution to manage tax in a country. A country's biggest income comes from taxes. Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest economic growth in the world. Therefore, the potential for taxes received will certainly be large. For the amount of taxes received to be managed well, it requires many experts in the field of taxation. To meet the number of experts in the field of taxation, of course it can be obtained from universities that have accounting courses in the concentration of taxation. Higher education institutions in Indonesia annually graduate as many as 35,000 undergraduate accounting students. But not all students choose the field. Model test and MRA test for the variable Quality lecturers, Understanding accounting, Understanding taxation and student interest in taking accounting study programs, concentration in the field of taxation are the goals to be achieved. In this study also wanted to find out the magnitude of the effect on the variable relationship of Quality lecturers, accounting understanding, Understanding taxation and student interest in taking accounting study programs in the field of taxation concentration. This research was conducted with a simple random sampling probability sampling method with a sample of 100 respondents from accounting students with taxation concentration. The data used are primary data through questionnaires. In this study, the model test and MRA test are used. The results of data analysis using model test and mra test show that the Quality lecturers have an effect on accounting understanding and Understanding taxation. The Quality lecturers, accounting understanding and Understanding taxation have a significant effect on the interest in choosing majors. Variable Understanding accounting and Understanding taxation as variables can strengthen the influence of Quality lecturers on the interests of majors selection.

Aji Joko Budi Pramono   and Heri Retnawati   

Another problem is student readiness. Computer-based measurement models continue to develop from the Computer Base Test (CBT) to the Computer Adaptive Test (CAT). Accurate measurement of student abilities is needed in the exam process. The use of paper and pencil test (PBT) and CBT is not maximal in providing student ability results so it requires a CAT model measurement approach. This paper describes the challenges and strategies to overcome all obstacles in applying CAT in the cognitive, psychological and technological aspects of knowledge. The purpose of this research is to analyze school challenges and strategies in implementing the Computer Adaptive Test (CAT). This research is qualitative phenomenology. Data were collected through interviews with 10 participants in Yogyakarta Indonesia. Research participants are Prokor teachers at Junior High School (SMP) and High School (SMA). Data analysis is done by describing the data qualitatively using the reduction analysis in the form of identification of statements, determination of theme category, and reduction. The results showed that the school should provide facilities that support CAT, ensure the smooth and stability of the internet and electrical connections, conduct continuous human resources training, give students training and motivation and set up budget management for CAT implementation. By implementing this strategy, the effectiveness of CAT implementation in Indonesia can be improved.

Azam Syukur Rahmatullah   and Suyatno   

This research aims to explore the way grandmother's struggle hard in educating her grandchildren, who are entrusted to them by their biological parents. This research is a field research with a phenomenological approach. The research location was in the Puring, Kebumen, Central Java, with three grandmothers who are considered successful in raising and educating their biological grandchildren. The three grandmothers were taken into a sample based on appropriate criteria and were deemed to be successful in applying mental resilience education to their biological grandchildren. Grandchildren who are used as objects of research are also those who are considered successful in implementing mental resilience education imposed by their grandmothers. The findings of this study stated that from these three grandmothers in Puring Kebumen, all of them had concepts and actions that were appropriate and clear to be applied to their grandchildren. Some of the findings include the act of not spoiling grandchildren except in a natural way, obliging grandchildren to solve their problems without always being assisted by grandmothers, providing love and care for grandchildren appropriately, introducing grandchildren to the real struggle of life such as trading or selling, and also obliging grandchildren to live independently and fulfill their obligations.

Wawan Kurniawan   Haerul Pathoni   Louisiana Muliawati   Dwi Agus Kurniawan   Dinda Desma Romadona   Aziza Putri Ningsi   and Retno Wulan Dari   

The purpose of this study was to see how the relationship between the scientific process and the critical thinking skills of Al-Falah Islamic High School Jambi students on the pure harmonic motion material. This research method is a mixed methods research with the research design being the embedded design. The subjects of this study were 100 students of class XII MIPA at Al-Falah Islamic High School Jambi. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data collection instruments were the science process skills observation sheet, the critical thinking ability test, and the interview sheet, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The science process skills observed in this study are integrated science process skills with indicators of planning experiments, obtaining and processing data, and describing the relationship between variables. Meanwhile, the sign of critical thinking ability is to provide further explanation and formulate strategies and tactics. The results of the analyzed data showed that the sig value was 0.000 < 0.05, so it could be concluded that there was a relationship between the science process skills and the students' critical thinking skills with a Pearson correlation value of 0.848 and it was positive. This research shows that the students of class XII MIPA at Al-Falah Islamic High School Jambi have excellent science process skills and good enough critical thinking skills.

Hema Vanita Kesevan   Noor Alhusna Madzlan   and Haslinda Hashim   

Non-verbal cues and behaviours are essential aspects of classroom talk, however many studies that were conducted in the field of classroom talk only focused on verbal interaction of teachers' talk and overlooked the importance of non-verbal signalling. The aim of this study is to examine the social signal aspect of teachers' speech in classroom interaction. It particularly investigates the use of non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, bodily gestures and eye contact conveyed by teachers during their classroom lesson, to understand their emotional state and intention. Social signals are chosen as a variable to explore the teachers' classroom interaction as it plays a fundamental role in shaping how messages are delivered to the students in classroom context. Particularly, this study focuses to understand how social signalling shapes the success of teachers' classroom intentions. It is specifically concerned with exploring teachers' non-verbal behaviour and its effectiveness in classroom interaction. This study is beneficial to teachers in understanding their non-verbal cues better to accomplish effective classroom talk.

Haiyudi   and Sitthipon Art-in   

Teaching and learning process belongs to a kind of two-way communication. Some noises or barriers usually appear during its process in the classroom. Psychosocial barrier is one of four popular barriers in communication. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify the psychosocial barriers faced by high school students in English class. This research employs mixed-method using embedded design which consists of both quantitative as primary data and qualitative as supportive data. The population of this research consists of high school students in a rural area, in which Kepulauan Pongok was chosen as the case study sample. The sample was taken from 2 grades of two different high schools in Kepulauan Pongok, Southern Bangka Regency. In total, it consists of 50 students. The finding indicates a significant number of psychosocial barriers experienced by students especially in both field of experiences and filtering. Meanwhile, psychological distance is not quite significant. In detail, about 14.9% of those participants strongly agreed and 17% agreed that they face psychosocial barriers during learning English. The most impactful psychosocial barriers were English learning experiences in the previous class. Teachers' teaching styles are the riskiest barriers that cause the negative impacts of students' psychosocial in English class. Meanwhile, 36.2% stated a blue statement or were in a neutral position. As the rest felt like nothing happens about psychosocial barriers in English class. It is hoped that teachers can conduct the similar research in any subject to know and solve the psychosocial problems of students in order to adapt to the proper teaching method and counseling.

Asmahan Jameel Hattab Alali   Dina Abdul Hameed Al-Jamal   and Imad Sa'di   

Even though many studies were carried out regarding the role of cultural background knowledge in reading comprehension, still rare studies were carried in the surrounding area. Accordingly, this study aimed at exploring the potential effect of cultural clues on Al al- Bayt University undergraduates' reading comprehension at three levels: literal, inferential, and evaluative. To achieve this, seven passages, each with two versions: the original and nativized, were selected from the textbook taught at Al al- Bayt University, situated in Mafraq in the north of Jordan. The researcher used pre-experimental design (i.e., One-group pretest-posttest design). In this design, a single case is observed at two-time points (repeated measures), one before the treatment (O1), and one after the treatment (O2). Subjects were thirty-eight EFL undergraduates selected by the researcher from Al al- Bayt University in the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020.To carry out the study, all expressions and clues that carry cultural aspects in the original passages were replaced by other expressions reflecting the Jordanian culture in the nativized ones. The students then were asked to read the two versions and answer different types of questions to collect the data aimed at measuring literal, inferential, and evaluative comprehension over the two versions of each passage. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative analyses. The study's findings revealed that cultural familiarity through applying nativization positively affected students' reading comprehension. More interesting is that text nativization did affect the literal level of comprehension and the inferential and evaluative ones. The current study would be fruitful for instructors and teachers in Jordan to help them develop reading comprehension in a way that would improve students' comprehension.

Eko Setyadi Kurniawan   Mundilarto   and Edi Istiyono   

Most of physics learning materials in senior high school have not met the HOTS aspects. One of the HOTS aspects is creative thinking, it is also found in Synectic learning model. Both Synectic and HOTS have not much found in learning process or physics teaching materials. Even though, the physics learning process needs the creative thinking. This study aimed to develop the teaching materials based on Synectic and HOTS. ADDIE model was used in this study. The teaching materials which were developed in this study were lesson plan, student physics module, and also learning outcome test with HOTS aspect. Data analysis used descriptive analysis which described the validity level, practical and also effectiveness of the teaching materials. The results showed that learning materials met the valid criteria, the average score was 3.45, practicality was 84.77% and the effectiveness of physics learning was 92%. HOTS aspect 91.67% and 85.94% in the comfortable category and the pre-test and post-test results have a score of 0.389 in the moderate category. In conclusion, Synectic HOTS oriented teaching materials are important to be applied in physics learning so that students' higher order thinking skills was improved. Besides, the learning outcome was also increased. Thus, this learning materials need to be developed for the large scale students.

Aysha Mohammad Qasem Abd-Rabo   and Sherine Adnan Ismail Hashaikeh   

School effectiveness is a multifaceted term; one of its meanings refers to the level of goal attainment of a school. When researchers explore the literature that relates to school effectiveness, we noticed that much of this literature is theoretical. This situation has led us to design a Likert type school effectiveness scale to define the qualities of effective schools, by investigating the exploratory factor analysis results of school effectiveness scale. The present questionnaire examines principals' perceptions of six school effectiveness factors: the effectiveness of school climate, school administration effectiveness, the effectiveness of the teacher, the effectiveness of the relationship with the local community, the effectiveness of educational practices, the student's having a sense of belonging to the surrounding environment. This questionnaire is factorable and explains 62.594% of the variance of a more general school effectiveness score. The questionnaire was distributed to 243 school principals, and the collected data was analyzed by computing a one sample t-test to assess participants' scores in relation to the six school effectiveness factors. The results indicated that scores are high ‘mostly'.

Natalia Ivanovna Anufrieva   Leonid Valerevich Volkov   Elena Viktorovna Aralova   Olga Grigorievna Kolomyts   and Evgenia Vladimirovna Myagkova   

The way to a high ecological culture of a society lies through effective environmental education. Training of citizens with a high level of environmental knowledge, consciousness, and culture based on new criteria for assessing the relationship between human society and nature (not violence but harmonious coexistence) should become one of the main levers in addressing environmental and socioeconomic problems of modern Russia. The research is aimed at analysis of possibilities of environmental education in the upbringing of a humanistic orientation of the personality. Based on an expert survey, the article defines the principles of environmental education, the observance of which is necessary for the correct organization of environmental education in universities, increasing its efficiency in the formation of a humanistic orientation of the personality, and also highlights the structural components of the humanistically oriented personality of a specialist when implementing environmental education. The conclusions drawn can serve as the basis for the development of guidelines for the upbringing of a humanistic orientation of the personality in the process of environmental education. The materials and conclusions of the research can also be used in the practice of teaching pedagogical disciplines at the university. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of the structural components of a humanistically oriented personality of a specialist and the directions of their formation when implementing the environmental education.

Agus Setyarto   Budi Murtiyasa   and Sumardi   

The aim of the research to develop 21^st century skills includes 4C (Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, Creativity) in learning mathematics with STEAM in MTs Negeri 2 Wonogiri through a kite-making math program. This qualitative research case study strategy discovery, focuses on the development of 21^st century skills including 4C (Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, Creativity) in learning mathematics with STEAM. Data collection techniques include: observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation/combination. The collection of data is that the researcher participates in the object under study, conducts direct observations, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Validity test includes: Data Credibility Test, Transferability Test, Dependability Test, Confirmability Test. Data analysis techniques in this study use the Interactive Model of Analysis. A qualitative case study design is based on a kite-making project that integrates 21^st Century skills (4C) in mathematics learning with STEAM in MTs Negeri 2 Wonogiri. The conclusions in this study include: 1)Implementation of development Critical Thinking and the results of the Critical Thinking Integration Questionnaire showed 50.32% were categorized as good; 2)Implementation of development Communication and the results of the Communication Integration Questionnaire showed that 52.80% were categorized as very good; 3)Implementation of development Collaboration and the results of the Collaboration Integration Questionnaire showed 50.18% were categorized as good; 4)Implementation of development Creativity and the results of the Creativity Integration Questionnaire showed 52.42% were categorized as very good.

Fernan Peniero Tupas   and Marilyn Linas-Laguda   

This qualitative research focused on literature reviews. The method utilized was document analysis. The articles were from 2010-2020 taken from different websites and documents from libraries of Hokkaido University of Education and Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College. The results showed blended learning started three decades ago, specifically for higher education institutions (HEIs), also used in graduate programs and professional development. But in 2007, in the Philippines, the Center of Blended Learning started and had very positive responses from the parents and students. Moreover, blended learning (BL) is adopted in subjects like English explicitly in Language, Science, and Distance Learning. The use of BL in education helps students engage positively in all activities and increased behavior towards learning, and empowered to become leaders, coaches, and mentors to fellow students. Teachers, as necessary instruments for effective implementation of BL, the conduct of professional development is vital. In the country, DepEd proposed to use online learning, modular approach, radio-television methods, face-to-face, and para-teachers for blended learning. But the lack of facilities like gadgets or computer sets, and connectivity in the Philippines is a unique challenge to DepEd. The education sectors asked help from different government agencies and private individuals and organizations to support the proposals. This study suggests tapping experts to conduct studies BL to help the education system in the new normal. Each school must document all the positive and negative experiences with BL. DepEd consolidates all the collected undertaking during a pandemic and creates a framework to enhance blended learning.

Kurok O   Lucenko G   Povstyn O   and Lutsenko O   

Our study reveals the peculiarities of the educational process in Ukraine after the introduction of distance learning related to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted based on two leading educational institutions in Ukraine. We have established that the introduction of distance education both in the world and in Ukraine has its pros and cons. In particular, it depends primarily on the initiative of the teacher to implement such technologies, as well as on the willingness of students to use them and the technical ability of both parties to use these technologies (because our country has faced the problem of Internet coverage). We found that in the era of information technology, the level of communication, both interpersonal and with students, has not changed among the respondents. It is established that almost all teachers who took the survey believe that distance education does not provide students with practical skills, competencies after graduation. Distance education from the point of view of management and administrative activity is more expedient, it gives educational institutions more decentralization and optimization in work.

Martono   Jagad Aditya Dewantara   and Soeharto   

Indonesian education study program students are prepared to become professional teachers. Students are given one course, including learning planning, as a condition for implementing teaching practice in school. To find out the success of practical teaching activities, researchers researched to determine the ability of Indonesian education study program students in designing learning plans. This study aims to assess lesson plans made by Indonesian education study program students and provide development instruments to evaluate teacher performance. This research method is a quantitative study using a device in the form of an assessment scale to assess lesson plans made by prospective teachers in Indonesian education study programs. Students are investigated according to their ability to design lesson plans through teaching practice at senior or junior high school according to placement from university. The statistics used in this study are descriptive in the form of percentages and categories of students' ability to develop learning plans by aspects of the instrument. Participants in this study consisted of 131 undergraduate students in Indonesian education. The results of student data analysis have been seen well from the following five aspects. (1) Formulation of learning objectives, (2) designing selection and organizing, (3) choosing learning resources/learning media, (4) learning strategies and methods, and (5) evaluating learning outcomes. An instrument to assess teacher performance was created and used in determining undergraduate students in Indonesian education study programs. The assessment instruments classify lesson plans into several aspects to be evaluated. With this assessment instrument, instructors will quickly assess students' lesson plans, and teachers can improve their ability to design lesson plans.

Bunmi Isaiah Omodan   

The decolonisation of university classrooms has been of significant concern in recent times. Many decolonial strategies have been recommended in bodies of existing literature, still, none has considered the intricacies of collaborative group tasks as a strategy to decolonise classroom hegemony. This study examined the use of group tasks as a decolonial strategy, lensed through Transformative Paradigm and Participatory Action Research as a research design. This study adopted students' reflection to collect data from ten students randomly selected among the 266 students who were given individual and group tasks assessment, respectively. The collected data was analysed using Socio-thematic Analysis to interpret and make sense of the responses from the students. The study revealed that collaborative group task enhances students' conventional development and unity among the students towards productivity, in addition to increasing their conflict management skill. Further findings showed that students' laziness and time consumption were found to be the hindrance to the smooth actualisation of group work among students in the university classrooms. This study recommends that efforts be put in place to ensure that group tasks are monitored and that concerned authorities; lecturers and university academic planners must ensure that students are taught how to make effective use of their time.

T. Ananthi Claral Mary   and P. J. Arul Leena Rose   

Learning is a continuous process. Nowadays, students learn through digital technologies. The important factors that make education a distant dream are unavailability of educational resources and the high cost that comes with it. Cloud computing can solve both the issues. Cloud computing in education is a rapidly emerging technology. The individuals and the educational organizations are ready to adapt to new technologies. The usage of cloud computing technologies has modified the work flow of teachers, educators in higher education sectors. The adoption rate is gradually increasing due to its cost efficiency and collaborative nature of the educational cloud. The foremost objective of this paper is to determine the impact of graduate student's perceptions towards cloud technologies usage in higher education sectors and to examine its benefits to students and teachers. Powerful solutions provided by cloud applications have been proposed which will be beneficial to the higher education institutions. This empirical study analyzed and discussed the student's learning experience by using the cloud applications and services. The outcome of this study implies that the intention of respondents has endurance in using cloud computing services.

Anna Juniar   Albinus Silalahi   and Retno Dwi Suyanti   

This study aims to determine the improvement of learning outcomes and science process skills of students through the implementation of the guided inquiry model in learning qualitative analytical chemistry practicum. This study is needed since most practicum activities are currently still doing a lot of traditional verification practicum guides which do not encourage students to be creative in organizing their competence especially science process skill. Therefore, a research was conducted to 27 students at Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri Medan in fourth semester of 2019/2020 academic year. The growth and development of science process skills of students was observed by using an observation sheet in the form of rubrics for students' practicum analysis group I, II, III, IV and V. The result showed that the implementation of this model in analytical chemistry practicum able to improve student's learning outcomes and science process skill significantly. Indicators which classified as high category are consisted of designing the practicum, applying the concept, hypothesizing and communicating. Meanwhile the medium categories are skill of predicting, interpreting and observing. In another hand, the student's learning outcomes were increased from 81.88 in average pre-test to be 85.49 in post-test with N-gain approximately 20%. The highest percentage of student worksheets was achieved in communication skills around 90%. These findings give contribution for chemistry education especially to prospective chemistry teachers for equip their science process skill such that it develops aspects of basic abilities including cognitive, affective and psychomotor.

Ha Thi Kim Linh   Nguyen Thi Tinh   Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen   Kieu Thi Thu Chung   and Huynh Tan Hoi   

Today, in order to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems related to education, economy and society, countries increasingly open, interact with each other more, then learning foreign languages is one of the extremely necessary requirements. However, learning a language is not an easy one for everyone. Everyone has a different ability, and the way and tools people use to learn languages are not the same. One of the tools they use is music. By using rhythms of favorite songs, the learners might have much more better pronunciation, that is, they would find it enjoyable to learn a new language, easier to remember. They no longer learn the grammatical structures or sentences in the books, and as a result, they could improve their speaking skills as well as other skills more naturally. This article will mention benefits of learning languages via music, the paper also mentions some characteristics of music and words to prove that music is an effective tool to make foreign language learning extremely effective. The paper was completed with the support of 100 students currently studying at some universities in Ho Chi Minh City. These students are studying English or Japanese. The online survey method and oral interviews aim to further clarify the importance of music for foreign language access. The results show that most students mention the effects of music but there are also students who are not really aware of the importance of this form of learning.

Nadia Gilani   Syed Abdul Waheed   and Asia Shaheen   

First-time teaching is a transitional phase for novice teachers and it is an exciting experience and challenging task that needs to examine qualitatively. The purpose of the study is to explore prospective teachers' teaching experience as they practically live through teaching in the classroom for the first time in their lives. The phenomenological research approach was employed to explore the lived experience of thirteen teachers who were selected purposively from public and private schools in a district of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected by interviewing the participants in an open-ended form of questions. The emergent main themes include debut in the classroom, managing classrooms, providing instructions, supported by cooperative teachers and support from school. The analysis of the themes and sub-themes revealed that prospective teachers experienced teaching quite differently from their expectations. The handling of the teaching situation became both challenging and exciting for them. The results have implications for prospective and novice teachers and educators, school administrators and experts of pre-service teacher programs who can make a plan to improve teaching conditions and enrich teaching experiences in the schools.

Aam Ali Rahman   Ayi Suherman   Dewi Susilawati   and Gilang Pratama Putra   

The learning obstacles stimulate learning practitioners and researchers to find and to analyze the most proper and fitter learning methodology and approach of the most effective learning. One of the education obstacles currently happens is the Covid-19 pandemic that prevents direct interaction between lecturers and students. As the direct interaction between lecturers and students was mostly used as the learning approach, this pandemic makes inevitable learning processes inevitable. However, RADEC (Reading, Answering, Demonstrating, Explaining, Creating) in LMS allows lecturers to teach Tennis without field practicing. To analyze the effectiveness, 63 participants were employed and grouped into control (30 participants) and the experimental group (33 participants). The independent sample t-test for both cognitive and practical achievements was used to analyze the data. The significant results of sig. (2-tailed) are 0.103 for cognitive, 0.547 for practical, and 0.541 for a total with α=0.05. All of the results are higher than α=0.05. It means that all null-hypothesis is accepted. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between conventional tennis teaching and RADEC in LMS. In other words, RADEC in LMS can be one of the alternative methods of teaching Tennis during this pandemic that prevents direct teaching and learning process. In general, this research serves other teaching practical innovations, especially for teaching Tennis using LMS without a direct learning process.

Nguyen Thi Ngoc   and Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen   

Educating children's rights and responsibilities for Tay and Nung elementary school students is an important educational content contributing to the implementation of comprehensive educational goals for ethnic minority pupils of primary schools who are living in the mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam. The rights and duties of students are mainly carried out in life and are greatly influenced by cultural characteristics of the nation such as customs, ways of life, communication, festivals, beliefs, spirituality, etc. The problem is to clarify the theoretical basis for using local knowledge in educating students' rights and responsibilities, analyzing the reality of exploiting local knowledge in educating Tay and Nung elementary school students. Since then some measures are proposed to educate children's rights and responsibilities through the use of local knowledge in the Northern Upland region. In this paper, the author has used a paper-based survey method and direct interviews with students and teachers in 6 mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam. The survey was conducted by the support of 618 Tay-Nung ethnic minority students and 245 teachers and administrators. Through the results achieved in this study, we need to integrate the education of children in this mountainous area by incorporating real life. The habits and culture of mountainous children need to be emphasized in education because this combination makes sense for educating students' rights and obligations. Besides, we can preserve the cultural identity of the Tay and Nung ethnic groups. This is of great significance in designing a complete educational program that aims to educate the children.

Mantlhake J. Maboya   Loyiso C. Jita   and Godsend T. Chimbi   

Many teachers of mathematics continue to struggle with the resolution of the concept-symbol schism for their learners, in part because the understanding of one depends on the other. Research has shown the benefits of using manipulatives to concretize abstract mathematical concepts and symbols, leading to the development of mathematics laboratories as an innovation to improve classroom pedagogical practice. This study examined mathematics teachers' beliefs about the use of manipulatives as instructional tools for learning. Using social constructivism and critical theory as the illuminating lens, primary school mathematics teachers in the Free State, South Africa, were case studied teaching 12-year-old Grades 6 learners in the context of newly established mathematics laboratories in their schools. Document analysis, semi-structured interviews and participatory lesson observations were used to gather data. The belief that mathematics is a difficult subject seemed prevalent and teachers largely used manipulatives in a mechanical manner which did not help to transcend the concrete representation of ideas. Despite the availability of well-resourced mathematics laboratories, the concept-symbol schism appeared unresolved in learners' minds. Teachers struggled to utilize the manipulatives to facilitate learners' cognitive transition from concrete to pictorial and abstract representations. Continuous professional development and lesson studies are recommended to help improve mathematics teachers' content mastery and the use of manipulatives to nurture learners' understanding of abstract concepts and symbols.

Chan Li Ying   Sharifah Osman   Dian Kurniati   Edi Sunjayanto Masykuri   Jeya Amantha Kumar   and Chuzairy Hanri   

Algebraic problem-solving is a way of thinking and reasoning that allows students to create models, study relationships, and solve problems. However, students only have a little understanding of formulating and solving algebraic problems. This study aims to determine the predominant difficulties that Year Six students face when learning algebraic problem-solving. This study used a quantitative research design involving 80 students selected by purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study include criterion-referenced tests consisting of word and diagram algebraic problem-solving items. Data were analysed using GNU PSPP software. The descriptive statistics showed that the predominant difficulty that Year Six students faced when solving algebraic word problems was text difficulties and unfamiliar contexts. For diagrammatic algebraic problem-solving, students encountered the most difficulty with visual-spatial awareness. The Chi-Square test was used to identify the statistical correlation coefficient between gender and difficulties in solving algebraic problems. The result showed a positive association between gender and recognition difficulties and gender and sign substitution error. The findings of this study may encourage students to better learn algebraic problem-solving skills. Moreover, this study also provides important information for teachers to better teach algebraic problem-solving to Year Six students.

Masrun   Yanuar Kiram   Gusril   and Sayuti Syahara   

The main objective of this study was to produce an instrument of competency test for High School Physical Educator, which was validated empirically. At present, researchers have not yet found an instrument that tests the competency of teachers involving 4 competencies, particularly in Indonesia. This study was a research and development design following the form of procedural models, which are steps that must be followed to produce standard instrument products. The steps were: (1) Finding Potential Problems, (2) Information gathering, (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation, (5) Design Improvement, (6). Product Trial, (7). Product Revision, (8). Usage Tests, (9) Product Revisions, (10) Mass Product Manufacturing. The test subjects in this study were high school teachers in Padang and FIK UNP alumni amounting to 323 people. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Based on data taken from the field of secondary education in Padang City Education Office, the number of high school teachers in Padang was about 146 people, and FIK alumni were177 person. In the first phase, a limited trial was carried out on 30 samples of the total population. The second phase was tested on 293 people. The standardization process is carried out by carrying out various tests, namely: (1) Validity test, (2) Reliability Counters, (3) Difficulty level test, (4) Different grain power test, (5) Practicality test, (6) effectiveness test. All data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS software and significance level was p <0.05. Based on the research processes and procedures carried out, a standardized instrument can be used to test the four Physical Educators competencies, namely Pedagogic competence, Professional Competency, Personality competence, and Social competence.

Bambang Agus Darwanto   Herman Dwi Surjono   and Dyah Setyowati Ciptaningrum   

This qualitative research investigated if corrective feedback (CF) through a digitally regulated collective evaluation mechanism can generate appropriate revisions in the student's English essays regarding language components. The research used a self-developed learning management system (LMS). Students of an Academic Writing class participated in the study and were required to upload 5-paragraph essays to the LMS and participate in giving CF. The minimum words for every text and the minimum evaluators for each essay were set-up digitally. Learning artifacts of three students were randomly selected using an MS Excel formula and then content-analyzed for the CF of language aspects using NVivo12. The peer CF was then traced back in the final essay. Results show that most of the final revisions do not take on the CF from peers especially regarding the high-order feedback like content (idea), organization, and diction. However, such low-order feedback as typo, capitalization errors, subject-verb agreement, and preposition-noun agreement are identified in the revisions. In conclusion, not all peer-CFs were adopted and the low-order CF is found more pronounced than the high-order one. The finding suggests that online collective CF with a regulated mechanism to an extent can trigger editing skills especially when focused on the low-order errors.

Barbara Pons   and Isabel Alvarez   

This study presents the way in which the creation of aesthetic quality experiences as objects of innovation contributes to improving the reading and writing skills of children between 3 and 5 years old in Catalonia, Spain. The concept of aesthetic quality experiences was developed [1]. These experiences possess certain distinctive features, among which is the fact that they are highly significant for children, and therefore enhance their motivation as they focus on the skill they are learning. The tests employed are based on a qualitative approach whereby, using a specific rubric, they measure the children's' phonological awareness and reading skills. The sample consists of 52 children at the same school. The study presents the results obtained, and shows an improvement both in reading and writing, assuming that learning is mediated through significant Experiences. In conclusion we can state that all the pupils show improvements in several respects, even children with some learning difficulties, which suggests that we should continue to apply aesthetic quality experiences throughout nursery and primary education.

Lalu Hamdian Affandi   Heri Hadi Saputra   and Husniati Husniati   

Teachers' pedagogical knowledge determines learning environment for students. But teachers' pedagogical knowledge is not always congruent with their actual teaching practices. This research aimed at exploring effect of teachers' pedagogical knowledge on students' life satisfaction and outcome. Causal-comparative was used as research design. Data were drawn from 222 students of grade 4-6 and 23 elementary school teachers using questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted by employed MANOVA followed by ANOVA. This research finds that there is a significant effect of teachers' pedagogical knowledge on students' outcome but not on students' life satisfaction. Students who were taught by teachers with cognitive-constructivism gain the highest outcome, followed by students who were taught by social-cognitive teachers and behaviorism teachers. Although there are differences in students' life satisfaction based on teachers' pedagogical knowledge, the differences are not statistically significant. This research comes to the conclusion that learning theories held by teachers influence students' learning outcomes. This research calls for teachers to adjust their teaching practices according to students' characteristics. Teachers also have an option whether they want to teach for academic achievement or for students' satisfaction. Moreover, finding of present research indicates the need for further investigation to disentangle the links between teachers' instructional practices and students' life satisfaction.

Baiduri   

Fractions, decimals, and percentages are a rational number that is very important in mathematics and everyday life. However, there are still many students experiencing difficulties in understanding the concept due to its complexity in the scope of application and technical. Difficulty in understanding fractions and decimals will undoubtedly have implication for learning. This study aims to describe visual problem-solving strategies related to rational numbers of junior high school students in solving visual form problems. Descriptive research with a mixed approach was used for this purpose, with 32 students of grade VII in the middle school consisting of 10 (31.25%) boys, and 22 (68.75%) girls were used as research subjects. Data obtained through the subject has written answers to four questions in the form of visuals, namely one question determines the fraction, decimal, and percent values of a shaded area and three questions make up an area if a fraction, decimal, and percent value is given and the relationships among of them, which are then analyzed descriptively. The analysis results show that the subject's strategy of connecting fractions, decimals, and percent using conceptual and arithmetic operations, has not utilized the visual images provided optimally. On the other hand, the visual model is very important in understanding abstract mathematical concepts. Thus, the use of multiple visuals in learning fractions, decimals, and percent should be a concern to the teacher, especially on the topic of fractions.

Retno Widyaningrum   Badrun Kartowagiran   and Jailani   

The impact of giving a thinking freedom opportunity is the diversity of students' answers in solving mathematical problems. The smaller the similarity of students' answers compared to all the answers of students in a class, it means that they have higher creative thinking abilities than other students. It is based on a unique answer compared to the others or in other words it has a higher novelty value than the other answers. The objective of this study was to describe the attainment of the novelty of students' answers in solving mathematical problems. The measurement of novelty of students' answers was carried out on 1,002 students from six junior high schools in Indonesia who had different levels of student's input. The scoring system on the response to the completion of multiple solution tasks was by using the four categories of polytomous in which it is based on the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The data were analyzed by using Quest and Parscale program. The result of this study showed that the students have good skills in solving mathematical problems with new ideas on several items. The items referred to some abilities, such as resolving algebra problems involving money operations, designing a flat shape that has specific characteristics, arranging numbers based on certain patterns, and arranging numbers based on certain patterns. The novelty of this research is that this study considers every answer from students or provides a thinking freedom opportunity for students so that mathematical problems are not absolutely solved with one answer.

Asheena Singh-Pillay   and Jayaluxmi Naidoo   

This qualitative case study embraced Social Construction theory to explore undergraduate male students' perceptions on the academic support provided at one university as well as their engagement in academic support seeking. The study aimed to examine the influence of masculinity on academic support seeking behaviour. Volunteer sampling was used to collect data from seventy undergraduate male students in the School of Accounting. An open-ended questionnaire and semi structured interviews were used to collate data. Data generated was subjected to content analysis which revealed that participants are aware of the academic support available to them and that they consider certain forms of non-academic support as necessary for their academic success. The findings revealed that participants engaged in academic support seeking via Academic Development Officers, specialist tutors, lecturers, peers, family members and no one. The findings exhibit the need for a greater understanding by lecturers and the relevant personnel of how masculinity impacts academic support seeking behaviour of undergraduate male students. The findings of this study reveal that for students to excel at university they need more than just academic support as their basic needs for food, financial support and health care must be met. Further findings illuminate that undergraduate male students' decisions and behaviours are profoundly shaped by rigid social and cultural expectations related to masculinity. The findings of this study are significant as they subvert the findings of previous studies that men avoid help seeking behaviour.

Mohamad Ahmad Saleem Khasawneh   and Mohamad Omar Abu Al-Rub   

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a training program based on the visual words composition techniques on the development of reading comprehension skills. The sample of the study consisted of (104) learning disabilities pupils. A questionnaire that was developed by the researcher was used as a measuring instrument. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the mean of performance of the experimental and the control groups in the reading comprehension skills development posttest in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the training program based on the visual words composition techniques. Students with learning disabilities in the current study were given organized and ordered learning tasks and assignments as the instructional program was based on visual picture techniques in presenting the targeted words. Also, the instructional program included well-defined and achievable objectives, learning activities, teaching tools and instruments, and evaluation tools taking into consideration students' ability levels and had the same effect on students from both genders. The study concludes that visual words composition techniques should be integrated with the Arabic language curriculum to develop the language skills among students with learning disabilities generalization of findings is highly related to the size of the study sample.

Lidon Moliner   and Francisco Alegre   

The attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of primary and secondary school principals in Spain regarding active learning methodologies were investigated. To this purpose, a questionnaire, which may be used by an international audience, was designed to measure these factors. Validation and reliability assessments and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out. Study participants included 24 experts from European universities and 408 principals from Spain. Results were analyzed according to the principals' years of experience, sex, region, school ownership (public vs. private), and school educational stage (primary vs. secondary). Study findings indicate that principals in Spain possess significant knowledge and positive attitudes and beliefs regarding active learning methodologies. Primary school principals, as well as principals with between four and eight years of experience, showed stronger beliefs and greater knowledge than their peers. The educational stage of the school and years of experience of the principal combined acted as moderators for beliefs and knowledge. A strong correlation was found between attitudes about and knowledge of active learning methodologies. It can be concluded that, although attitudes are strongly related to knowledge, beliefs are independent of both, and, as in other areas of the managerial function, they are rarely influenced by other factors. These factors do not depend on the sex of the principal who exercises the managerial function or on the region in which he/she works. However, the educational stage of students in the institution, the ownership of the school, and the years of experience may significantly influence principals' knowledge and attitudes.

Huynh Tan Hoi   

In the globalization trend today, for many countries foreign languages are becoming more and more crucial. In Vietnam, English is a compulsory subject at school and it is also an official language commonly used to communicate with foreigners. Having good English benefits employees at work, especially at foreign companies, and accelerates the country in social and economic development. It clearly shows the roles in most aspects of life from construction to health, education, economics and politics - defense. Nevertheless, as it is not the second language, there are still many people who do not seriously take it into consideration to concern it except those who really need the language as a requirement from their jobs. Significantly, for students, studying English when they are at school does not interest them as they are not clearly and practically shown the reasons why they should learn it. Besides, one worth paying attention to is the loss of basic English knowledge of Vietnamese students and it needs to be taken into consideration. In order to apply for better jobs or get more success in life, we need to have the ability to use English well. This paper was completed with documents in both Vietnamese and English and other sources. The article is also based on surveys conducted by students who have graduated from university in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Siti Zuhriyah   and Bambang Widi Pratolo   

The existence of educational applications that have been widely used in various universities creates new learning styles. One of the most frequently used online-based learning applications is Quizizz. Nowadays, Quizizz is commonly used as an assessment tool in almost all levels of education. This study aimed to explore students' views in using Quizizz as an assessment tool in an English class. This article employed a case study as a method. A semi-structured interview was utilized to gather the data. The participants of this research were students in one of the private universities in Yogyakarta. The results revealed that some of the students' views regarding the use of Quizizz are: (1) an interesting tool, (2) encouraging students' confidence, (3) increasing students' motivation, and (4) improving reading ability. Furthermore, the students gave a positive response to the use of Quizizz in the classroom. These findings contributed to a better understanding regarding the positive response to the use of Quizizz application as an assessment tool, particularly for the Indonesian teachers. In conclusion, several findings were highlighted.

Rifki Irawan   Nafisah Endahati   Rian Nurizka   Rianto   and Drajat Edi Kurniawan   

Using Learning Management System (LMS) is ubiquitous in higher education now, but sometimes teachers do not understand its barriers before implementing it. This research aims to explore the obstacles to using LMS-Edmodo on EFL speaking tasks based on the students' perceptions. It involved ten business college students from a private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and employed a qualitative descriptive approach that applied several instruments such as observation, documentation, and interview. The data were collected by a screen capture tool to find the students' tasks on Edmodo that contained barriers indications and collaborated with an interview before they were transcribed and coded by using three stages of qualitative analysis, which were data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Based on the students' perceptions, the barriers to using Edmodo on EFL speaking tasks are requiring high speed of Internet connection, needing other supports for technologically backward students, lack of virtual teachers support and needing f2f meeting. Therefore, providing speaking tasks as long as paying attention to the students' characteristics can use LMS-Edmodo.

Abdul Kadir   Aziz Thaba   Munirah   Sitti Aida Azis   and Rukayah   

Local languages are a part of the national education curriculum that is taught in schools. In its process, the curriculum of local language teaching and learning still faces various problems that hinder achieving the intended goals. One of the problems is the multicultural classroom. Teaching one particular local language in a multicultural classroom (Buginese, Javanese, Torajan, Makassarese, Mandarese, Bimanese, etc.) means dealing with several different local languages because different cultures will certainly have different local languages. The design of this research was a case study using a qualitative approach to understand the problems of language teaching in multicultural classrooms and formulate solutions for handling them. The results showed that, in this case, local language teaching and learning encountered various problems. The case study on the teaching of Makassarese language as a local language in Gowa, South Sulawesi at the primary school level indicated that it faced various problems in terms of process and goal achievement due to multicultural classroom conditions. The problems are included as follows. Firstly, the learning process does not go well due to limited classroom interactions. Secondly, the domination of the learning process occurs in the classroom by students with a culture that is in line with the local language being taught. Thirdly, the evaluation process is not balanced so that it creates an imbalance in the description of students' learning development. Based on these problems, the solution is by strengthening teachers' understanding and perceptions in teaching on classroom dynamics and diversity, designing learning classroom management with balanced interactions, integrating learning processes between students using a collaborative model, and designing a balanced evaluation.

Cherif Alaoui Mrani   Abdelkrim El hajjami   and Jalal Khouna   

Thanks to its advantages in improving the learning, the understanding and the performance of learners, the interactive simulations have become among the main tools recommended by many researches as an alternative to the traditional pedagogical tools. Indeed, the forms and the objectives of the integration of simulations in teaching and learning process are varied depending on the pedagogical needs of the user, as well as according to the adopted learning methods and activities. In this contribution we aim to study the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) using interactive simulation, on the understanding of the concepts related to the rotational equilibrium, taught in common core science level. The concepts covered by this study are force and inventory, torque and Newton's second law for rotation. We first propose a selection grid to help teachers to choose the appropriate simulation product for a given problem-based learning activity, we later perform the experience to compare the performance of the students in the control group (who solve the problem using traditional method) and the students in the experimental group (who use the simulation tool) based on the pre-test and post-test methodology. The simulation tool used in the experimental part is determined using the grid that we have developed. Obtained results have shown that the use of interactive simulation has a positive effect on student's conceptual understanding, if it was properly integrated into an educational context.

Badiah N. M. Alnasib   and Asma M. H. Ali   

Self-directed learning has been recognized as one of the new pedagogical approaches of the 21st century. Many studies evidence the critical role of the flipped learning model in enhancing students' self-directed learning skills. This study aimed at examining the impact of the application of the flipped learning model on prompting pre-service teachers' self-directed learning skills at the Kindergarten Department of the College of Education at King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia. A quasi-experimental design with one group was implemented. A purposeful sample of forty-three female student teachers who enrolled in the "Introduction to Kindergarten" course participated in the study. Data were gathered using a 44-item questionnaire that was distributed pre- and post-flipped learning classes. The results indicated the effectiveness of flipped learning pedagogy on the development of student teachers' self-directed learning skills. The study sample showed a statistically significant higher mean level of self-directed learning (4.51±0.13) compared to their score before the flipped learning classes (3.13±0.25). The study's results confirm the conclusion of related literature concerning the positive impact of practicing flipped learning pedagogy on developing learners' self-directed learning skills. Furthermore, it is in line with the call for the integration of non-traditional teaching strategies, e.g., flipped learning pedagogy, in Saudi higher education, advocating students' self-directed learning and independent learning. Thus, there is a need for encouraging teacher educators to integrate flipped learning into their teaching practice.

Nur Anneliza Abd Latip   Suyansah Swanto   and Wardatul Akmam Din   

Listening is one of the fundamental skills to acquire knowledge in an academic setting. Employing appropriate listening strategies can improve focus and stimulate listening comprehension. Looking into the cognitive process from the perspective of metacognitive awareness during listening activity could enhance their performance in listening test. Despite that, listening skill in learning English as a second language (ESL) is often overlooked and the least practiced compared to other skills. There is a need to address the dearth of focus and research on approaching listening skills to improve the students' proficiency. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between Metacognitive Awareness of Listening Strategies (MALS) and listening achievement. To attain this, one hundred and sixty-nine science foundation students answered Metacognitive Awareness of Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) and took Malaysian University English Test (MUET). The result of the analysis shows that there was a significant relationship between students' MALS and listening performance. Subsequently, listening performance marks were found to be positively related to person knowledge strategies and inversely to mental translation strategies. Triangulation data was also done where 20 students were involved in further discussion of strategies that they have applied. The study also recommends looking into the practice of listening in Malaysia, particularly in pre-university level.

Yi-Huang Shih   Shen-Fei Chen   and Yan-Hong Ye   

The implementation of education affects the development and promotion of the country, and a key factor of effective implementation is the cultivation of high-quality teachers. Successful education often depends on teacher quality. This is because teacher professional development is often closely linked with teaching effectiveness as well as the success or failure of student learning. Furthermore, in the discussion of education reform, the quality of teachers is the foundation for the achievement of students and the key to the success of education innovation. In 2012, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan published the "White Paper on Teacher Education". The White Paper promotes teachers' ethics, responsibility, conscientiousness, and sustainability as core values to cultivate teachers with a love for education, professionalism, and effective execution in the new era. It also serves to guide the implementation of teacher education policies. Therefore, the "White Paper on Teacher Education" provides crucial vision and strategies to cultivate teachers in Taiwan. This article analyses the White Paper and supplements the discussion with the relevant literature, aiming to interpret the vision and strategies of "White Paper on Teacher Education". The authors hope to provide clarity regarding teacher education in Taiwan and to offer direction for the future. Alternatively, this article would make a much more in-depth historical excursus of teacher education in Taiwan.

Friska Octavia Rosa   Mundilarto   Insih Wilujeng   and Mujriah   

At present, the education sector continues to face challenges in preparing the future generation. In this 21^st century, the output of education sector is not only regarding the intelligence level of students; sufficient skills and attitudes should also become a consideration. Various measures are done by all actors associated with the education sector. One of the efforts that can be done as the form of contribution toward education sector is by performing innovations in learning patterns. The learning model of Piil Pesenggiri Team Work Learning (PPTWL) is developed based on the local wisdom of Lampung people. PPTWL is aimed to develop collaborative solving skill and scientific attitudes of students. This model is designed to be able to provide the opportunity for students in achieving learning purposes by integrating local culture values. One of the supporting elements in the model's realization is through the availability of module supplement as the learning platform for students. This study is a research and development (R&D) of education on PPTWL-based learning module that has five components: orientation, relating, exploration, transferring, and evaluation. This study used Thiagarajan's 4D development model, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The sample used in the small test amounted to 10 students and the big test used 27 students as the sample. The test results showed that the N-Gain of students' scientific attitudes was 0.49%, which was categorized as moderate. This outcome showed that the PPTWL module provided impacts on students' scientific attitudes although it has yet to be optimal. The result of a module development which was based on Piil Pesenggiri Team Work Learning was responded positively by science teachers and the responses were categorized as very good.

Mohammad Nayef Ayasreh   Shima' Mkhymr Yahyaa   and Mohareb Ali Al Smadi   

The study aimed to examine the perspectives of early childhood education of female students' teachers in Irbid and Ajloun University Colleges concerning emphasis of faculty members and female school principals and cooperating teachers on teaching ethics. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was developed consisting of (3) domains: Faculty members' emphasis on teaching ethics; inclusion of teaching ethics in university courses; and emphasis of female school principals and cooperating teachers on teaching ethics. The study sample consisted of (100) female pre- service teachers from the two colleges; (50) pre- service teachers from each college. The results of the study showed that the level of faculty members, female school principals and cooperating teachers' emphasis on teaching ethics was moderate, while the female students' teachers' estimation for the domain of inclusion of teaching ethics in university courses was low. There were statistically significant differences in the students' teachers' estimation on the domains of: Faculty members' emphasis on teaching ethics, and emphasis of female school principals and cooperating teachers on teaching ethics, due to university college, in favor of Irbid University College, while no statistically significant differences due to university college on the third domain. In light of the results, the study recommends to add a university course for teaching ethics, and to add an evaluation form addressing female students' teachers' compliance with teaching ethics.

Moh Salimi   Achmad Dardiri   and Sujarwo   

The 21st-century skill that guides a person to achieve success in his social life is social skill. This study aims to describe learning that influences the social skills of elementary school students. Social skill indicators include cooperation, assertion, responsibility, empathy, and self-control. Qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed. The subjects involved the students, teachers, and school principals at Bengawan Solo Nature School. The sampling technique was purposive. The data collection techniques were in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document studies. Then, they were analyzed into stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results show that (1) lesson planning must involve students, be guided by the national and school curriculum, and the teacher must also have broad insights to develop learning materials that raise the themes of social environment; (2) learning implementation must have diverse methods, models, media, and the sources of student learning must involve parents and provide diverse activities such as outbound, market day, backpacking, social service, social projects, and counseling; and (3) for learning evaluation, various methods of evaluation and various assessment instruments are used to assess cognitive aspects, affective aspects, and skill aspects comprehensively. It concludes that learning at Bengawan Solo Nature School influences the development of students' social skills.

Yinusa Akintoye Faremi   and Margaret Funke Faremi   

The study was designed to investigate how Continuous Assessment (henceforth, CA) marks in Educational Administration and Planning course for undergraduate students will significantly predict their final examination marks. The study adopted ex post facto research design with a total of 221 undergraduates, who registered for a course in the second semester, at the Faculty of Education, Osun State University, Nigeria. The undergraduates' scores in continuous assessment and examination scores at the end of the semester formed the data for the study. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that Biology students had the highest mean value when compared with the mean of undergraduates from other specialised areas. The regression analysis result (F1, 219=40.414, p<0.05) reveals that the CA significantly predicts undergraduate students' performance in semester examination and made the best contribution to students' performance in Educational Administration and Planning. From the findings, it was concluded that continuous assessment scores are a good predictor of undergraduate students' performance in semester examination. It was recommended that there should be thorough supervision of the CA, all process must be monitored in Nigerian Universities for quality assurance.

Fauziati   Endang   Tri Santoso   Nur Hidayat   and Indah Safitri Mahargiani   

This cross sectional study attempted to provide empirical study on interlanguage sentential negation of Indonesian EFL learners, particularly the dynamic nature viewed from the stages of development and the number of grammatical error types in each stage. The subjects were Indonesian EFL learners, consisting of four groups from different grades. The data were collected through translation test and analyzed using Lightbown & Spada's framework and error analysis framework. The result indicated that the development stages were not in line with Lightbown & Spada, instead they were represented in three stages of development. Its dynamicity was also depicted by the reduction of grammatical error types at each level. The conclusion was that the learners' interlanguage sentential negation was dynamic, developing closer and closer to the target language through three stages. It is suggested that educators not to give pressure to the learners to get things right at the first place. In addition, their instruction should match the learners' stage of development.

Danica N. Marcelo   and Jennifer P. Santillan   

This quantitative descriptive study investigated the reading motivation and performance of randomly selected 300 English as second language (ESL) learners at three levels of comprehension. The Revised Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) and the researchers-made comprehension test were used as instruments to identify the respondents' motivation and performance in literal, inferential, and evaluative levels. Based on the results of the MRQ, more than half of the respondents are extrinsically motivated. Moreover, they are likely to be motivated if they are interested in what they read and when they receive grades and recognition while reading. On the contrary, they are least motivated to read for social purposes. On their reading comprehension, results reveal that respondents performed satisfactorily in the literal level and fairly in inferential and evaluative levels. These findings are the bases of the reading intervention plan that contains (I) objectives, (II) time frame, (III) suggested reading material, (IV) strategy, (V) activity, and (VI) resources. Further, implications for teaching reading are included in the study.

Dian Eka Aprilia Fitria Ningrum   Imam Rofiki   Vannisa Aviana Melinda   Imroatul Hayyu Erfantinni   and Roiyan One Febriani   

Learning for undergraduate students needs to pay attention to the development of science and technology. Based on the results of the Biotechnology level of undergraduate students' needs assessment, it is known that the teaching materials have not used the bioinformatics approach. However, bioinformatics is a significant study in this course. One of the alternatives to achieve the goal of learning is to develop textbook-based research. The textbook was designed based on research on the potential analysis of quercetin compounds in apples as anti-autism by reverse docking. The study aims to develop a textbook for the biotechnology course. The method to the development of a textbook on this research used a development of Dick & Carey model. The study involved 3 students for the individual test, and 9 students for small group test. The results of validation from the material expert, media expert, and learning practitioner are 96%, 91%, and 93%, while the results of students' tests are individual test 84% and small group test 86%. All validation results show a very valid category with revisions according to expert advice and readability from students. The textbook developed can be used as materials for undergraduate students in courses relevant to the content of textbook, especially Biotechnology courses in the Biology Education department.

Sarson W Dj Pomalato   La Ili   Besse Arnawisuda Ningsi   Fadhilaturrahmi   Ahmad Tarmizi Hasibuan   and Kadek Hengki Primayana   

Many factors influence and cause the learners feel difficult in resolving mathematical problems. One of these factors is the mistake of students when solving problems in mathematics. The research aims to analyze students' mistakes in working with mathematical diagnostic tests. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive where the data was taken through a diagnostic test result of 251 students. The instrument used in this research is a valid and reliable two-tier multiple-choice test instrument. The researcher later corrected student test results. Once fixed, the answer was later analyzed using Newman's theory based on four indicators, i.e. (1) Error understanding, (2) error transforming, (3) Error processing skills, and (4) Error writing answers and then described. Results in research shows the mistakes that students do in resolving mathematical problems in calculus material are largely due to errors in understanding, errors of transformation, and error in process skills. Based on the results of the study, researchers concluded that students have done mistakes in resolving mathematical problems in calculus material largely due to errors in understanding, error transformation, and error in process skills. To overcome the mistakes that students do when solving mathematical problems can be used by several scaffolding solutions, using a creative and innovative learning model and tell students what they are doing and instantly fix them.

Saryanto   Asri Budiningsih   Husaini Usman   Alisa Alfina   and Rosyida Nurul Anwar   

Students who have good motivation will not do things that are prohibited or that are not justified. Even they try to do their best and do various ways to be able to improve their knowledge both in the area of campus and outside of campus. However, not all students have either intrinsic or extrinsic encouragement. This study is aimed to find out and describe the forms of motivation, learning strategies, and factors that influence student's motivation in learning at the Department of Education Management. The research method is mixed-methods. Quantitative data is the instrument Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). This questionnaire was given to 100 samples, which were students in the Department of Education. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured model interviews with several students. The results show that the forms of students' motivation in the Department of Education are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students' learning strategies cover practice, elaboration, organization, critical thinking, self-regulation, learning time and place, learning arrangements, group learning, and seeking assistance. Then, the factors that influence students' motivation and learning strategies are intrinsic and extrinsic encouragement. Besides, factors influencing learning strategies and motivation are learning media, learning resources, timing and place of learning, grades and achievement index, understanding material repeatedly, cooperation both positive and negative in completing the task, and discussion.

Yogi Akin   Nurlan Kusmaedi   Amung Ma'mun   and Nuryadi   

Outdoor Education firstly emerged in the 19th century until the 20th century in the form of camping activities in schools, and it also has been developed in several universities. In Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore, Outdoor Education has been included in the school curriculum. Outdoor Education (OE) has also been developed in Indonesia during the development of various learning sources. Having around 17,504 islands, Indonesia becomes an archipelagic country with an area of 1.9 million km2. Lying along the equator line, Indonesia has two seasons, namely rainy season and dry season. Indonesia also has many beautiful landscapes scattered in various regions that can be used as the media to implement OE activities such as forests, mountains, and rivers. With Indonesia's geographical conditions, OE is very suitable to be applied in the school curriculum. With the context of Positive Youth Development (PYD), there are many positive benefits for children involved in OE activities, namely life skills improvement, social interaction, and higher environmental concerns to protect the natural environment. This paper is ended with an OE program that integrates structured and deliberated life skills for the development of positive youth. Besides, the transfer process of life skills that occurs is discussed in depth.

Hendriana Sri Rejeki   Suharjana   Wawan S. Suherman   A. Ardiansyah   and Erif Ahdhianto   

Enhancement in basic movement skills is a fundamental need for elementary school students in achieving the goals of physical education. The aim of this study was to produce a traditional game model called Baku Baku Raja to enhance Basic Movement skills on elementary students. Baku Baku Raja traditional game model has been adapted to the aspects of growth and development as well as the characteristics of children at their age, which are packaged through physical activities. This applied research and development method with product development steps by Borg and Gall. The research participants were 3rd-grade elementary school students in Palu, Indonesia. The results showed that the Baku Baku Raja traditional game model is feasible and effective in enhancing basic movement skills on elementary students. The researchers recommend that Baku Baku Raja traditional game model is used as an alternative for educators to optimize the success of student performance on not only psychomotor aspects but also cognitive and affective aspects.

Yogi Nurfauzi   Suyanto   Sukidjo   Munsyi   and Erif Ahdhianto   

VHS graduates must have work-ready qualifications and entrepreneurial spirit to be able to build their own businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of the implementation of BC using SA (BCSA) to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of students in VHS. The research method used is quantitative design with one shoot case study type research with inferential statistics and descriptive statistics used as data analysis techniques. There were 114 study participants, consisting of 96 students, six administrators, and 12 teachers. The researcher found that the implementation of BCSA had a role in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of VHS students. This foster occurred consistently in aspects of self-confidence, work orientation, and future orientation. Another finding is that the implementation of BCSA provides a positive and significant role in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit. This role has the most beneficial benefits in a row by students, teachers, and administrators. The researcher recommends that BCSA be applied at the VHS level so that students have an entrepreneurial spirit early to prepare graduates or workforce who are better prepared for independent entrepreneurship in the future.

Rabee Alqahtani   and Narentheren Kaliappen   

The aim of this review is to consider recent research related to the quality of gifted education. The first six webpages of Google Scholar were searched to collect over 80 papers. PRISMA flow diagram was used for screening to finally select 58 papers for this review. Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) is a package of instructional practices, processes and theories designed to help high performing students, and to enhance their capabilities academically. This study reviews the quality standards of gifted education in certain countries. One research comparing 21 European countries using the international framework for gifted education is included in the study. The conceptual and theoretical aspects of the training are mostly related to cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of learning. A fiercely debated topic is whether gifted education should be separate or included in a common programme. Both sides use high-quality principles and educational frameworks (ICAP, CDL) to strengthen their viewpoints. Another aspect of the study is whether minorities are proportionately represented in such programmes. Methods of service delivery play an important role in ensuring the quality of gifted education and the principals and teachers of the respective institutions are the chief players. Suggestions are given to ensure quality of gifted education, to countries which need improvements in the existing gifted education programmes and to countries which do not have such programmes given. The implication of this study is that it is possible to differentiate exceptionally talented students and ensure that they are not slowed down by conventional teaching programmes or curricula. Add-on programmes can be designed for these students to help them learn faster and prepare them for more advanced levels. Also, including gifted children without any classification of race or creed is possible and signals inclusivity, which is good for the discipline in general.

Alfauzan Amin   Mawardi Lubis   Alimni   Saepudin   Jaenullah   Dwi Agus Kurniawan   and Meri Lestari   

The purpose of this study is to see whether there is an influence between students' learning motivation and students' understanding of concepts in learning social science. This study uses a mixed research method with a sequential explanatory design. The sample used in this study consisted of two different regions, namely rural and urban areas in Bengkulu, with a total of 600 respondents from the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (equivalent to Islamic elementary schools), where the breakdown was in urban areas of 300 respondents and rural 300 respondents. This study uses instruments in the form of questionnaires for motivation, MCQ, and semi-structured interviews, where the questionnaire used was developed by researchers and has been tested by relevant experts in their fields. From the explanation that the researcher has done, the results show that the learning motivation of the students plays a role in understanding the concept of students in the material, especially in the social study material. This mind mapping can solve existing problems, students are lazy, and students do not have a critical and coherent understanding, one of the solutions is using mind mapping, because by using mind mapping students have a continuous and continuous way of thinking. With good motivation, students have a willingness from within the individual and from outside the individual students to deepen a material. Students who have good motivation will be severe in looking for information about the material they want to explore in detail so that students can make maps the concept itself. This is also evidenced by the influence shown by the sig value below 0.025, and there is a contribution of student conceptual understanding of motivation by 72.5%. Therefore, it is recommended to the principal and vice-principal in the curriculum field to urge teachers to provide innovation in their learning. The teacher must understand the method so that the creation of student-centered learning is under the applicable curriculum.

Rose R. Andrade   Erminda C. Fortes   and Rina A. Mabilangan   

Descriptive design was utilized to identify the problem-solving heuristics and mathematical abilities of students in solving non-routine problems in terms of conceptual understanding, procedural knowledge, and problem-solving skill. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from students' mathematical solutions, journals, and interviews. Six non-routine problems were given to thirty Grade 10 students. Each level of mathematical achievement includes ten students who were randomly selected using their averages in the first two quarters. "Compute or Simplify" and "Model or Diagram" were the usual strategies employed by the Proficient respondents. On the other hand, Compute or Simplify is the most frequent strategy used by Apprentice Problem Solvers. The first strategy includes straightforward application of rules in mathematics, correctly sequencing the operations and using other mathematical procedures, while the second includes the use of concrete representations and figures, acting out and formulation of algebraic statements. All the strategies were considered in solving the six non-routine problems. Most students under the three levels solved the problem by combining two or more strategies in getting the answer. Three students who belong to above-average mathematical achievement are considered proficient problem solvers while twenty-seven students who belong to average and below average are regarded as Apprentice Problem Solvers. No student among the thirty was considered Novice. Students performed best in conceptual understanding and least in problem- solving skills. The results revealed that there are no significant differences in the levels of each of the three components of mathematical abilities of students when they are grouped according to mathematical achievement.

St. Maria Ulfah   Arismunandar   and Muhammad Arifin Ahmad   

A critical aspect of children's development is cognitive aspect. To accumulate this aspect can be done by applying a traditional game model at the kindergarten level. The purpose of this study is to explore the needs of teachers in developing traditional creative play models to improve the cognitive aspects of children. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using interviews and observations as research instruments. There are several essential points in the findings of this study, namely (1) the cognitive abilities of children who are still lacking, (2) the lack of teachers who use play media in the form traditional games, (3) the learning process is still impressed in teacher-centred learning or learning that is dominated by the role of the teacher in the classroom, (4) many teachers still use conventional methods (lectures & storytelling) so that only one-way responses occur, and (5) ) teachers need a game model for children that is interesting, fun, and not boring. These findings indicate the need for teachers to design traditional creative play models that can improve children's cognitive abilities.

Azleen Ilias   Nasrudin Baidi   Erlane K. Ghani   and Fazlida Mohd Razali   

Online learning has become important to most students and lecturers in this academic era due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study attempted to investigate issues pertaining to online learning among university students in Malaysia during this pandemic. The online interview technique used various online platforms involving 147 students from 16 universities in Malaysia. Data from the interview were analysed using ATLASti. Findings indicated that there are seven challenges that might limit the intention to use online learning among students. The challenges outlined are the administrator's assessment, communication issues that limit social interaction during online learning sessions, technical issues as well as an unstable Internet connection and insufficient data capacity. This study could contribute to the existing corpus of knowledge that could help universities to strategize the future implementation of online learning and minimize the challenges. This could improve the intention and preferences to use online learning for future implementation.

Svitlana Titarenko   Dmytro Tsys   Victoriya Loboda   Nataliya Khlus   Iryna Buzhyna   Valentina Kurilova   Halyna Butenko   Nataliya Tsys   and Anatoly Kasyan   

The article deals with the problem of using Google services in the process of conducting physical education classes in higher educational institutions. The main Google products are characterized in the article; it is proved that their competent use in the process of physical education allows increasing the level of both cognitive activity and physical readiness of student youth in the process of conducting physical education classes at the university. To obtain the necessary information, general scientific methods of the theoretical level of research were used, namely: analysis of scientific and methodological literature of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists; sociological method of scientific and pedagogical research (questionnaire); pedagogical methods (pedagogical experiment, pedagogical observation); methods of mathematical statistics for the processing of research results. 50 first-year male students were involved in the experiment. The control and experimental groups were made up of 25 students each. At the beginning of October (beginning of the experiment) and at the end of May (end of the experiment) the students of the control and experimental groups took tests to define physical readiness indicators, namely: back strength, strength endurance (push-ups, leg sit on bar), flexibility (seated forward bend). The results of the study showed that conducting physical education classes using Google services positively influenced on the studied indicators: at the end of the experiment the increase in indicators in the experimental group was more than in the control one (back strength – by 5.07%, push-ups – by 14.38%, leg sit on bar – by 1.7%, flexibility – seated forward bend – by 24.6%). The need to form students' sustainable interest in physical self-improvement in order to strengthen their own health, increase the level of physical readiness in the process of conducting physical education classes using Google services has been proved.

E. Sanina   S. Mitrohina   N. Brunchukova   M. Mozgovaya   and L. Zenkova   

An analysis of the state of education at school leads to the conclusion that, in the secondary school age, the individual enters a new period of development and the definition of personal values changes. The psychological characteristics of students of this school age make it more urgent to develop the motivation and value of students of secondary school age in their educational activities. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to seek and explore conditions that encourage motivation to maintain interest in the cognitive activities of students. The article at the theoretical and empirical level proves that the level of development of motivation and cognitive activity depends on the conditions of education and upbringing defined pedagogical conditions that have the greatest impact on these personal characteristics. The authors identified the following conditions: training using the research method, based on the leading type of activity, taking into account the personal interests of students, building individual educational routes, by filling them with non-formal education funds as part of extra-time activities. These studies make a theoretical contribution to pedagogical science. The validity of the provisions is also proved by empirical research (questionnaires, observations, testing). The experimental study also applied mathematical methods to the results of the experiment (of variation, Whitney U-test). The results obtained by the authors can be useful for further research into the development of motivational and value attitude to cognitive activity of secondary school students in a digital educational environment.

Samar Zaineldeen   Li Hongbo   Aka Lucien Koffi   and Bilal Mohammed Abdallah Hassan   

Numerous models have been provided by researchers in the past to determine and assess the success of Information Systems. Every model has been evaluated. Consequently, each model has pros and cons related to it. Here we are studying the Technology acceptance Models (TAM) and debating their features, contributions, and the limits of the earlier version of this theory. The TAM model, created by Davis (1989), is applied to determine the acceptance, adoption, and utilization of information technology. It is prevalent two constructs are used in TAM, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The TAM model gained extensive popularity between the researchers, and it is among the most effective models. TAM is dissimilar to other models as it does not measure success. However, it is employed to investigate and predict the users' intention to use Information technology. Since technology acceptance in an academic environment is becoming well-known, what had resulted in hubs of learning describes as an online learning community. Therefore, this paper gives a review of the present state of research on the Technology Acceptance Model. It offers a concise entry point to the theory's background and its adoption in education, which might be purposely advantageous for novice readers. The knowing of these models allows us to know the factors that impact the adoption of IS in the education environment to take advantage of this tool.

Shirley Simbron-Espejo   Fanny Sanabria-Boudri   Felix Colina-Ysea   and Jose Albites-Sanabria   

The present study aims to understand faculty research training in private universities in Lima, Peru. The paradigm that guided the study was interpretive, under the reflexive critical approach based on introspection of the experience. The methodology was qualitative, based on the thesis and its contradiction, the antithesis, the synthesis, from Hegel's perspective. The social actors were represented by faculty from Peruvian universities with different selection criteria; sixteen professors were selected as key informants. Data were collected through assertive communication strategies, using participant observation, focus groups, and interviews as techniques. In addition, the study used different research instruments to gather information such as descriptive record sheets, reflection scripts, questionnaires, video recording being key always, as a resource. Data analysis was performed with Atlas TI software using both content analysis and grounded theory. According to the observed dimensions, research has not been promoted as a core element. There is a predominance of doing research from a positivist paradigm, and universities have updated their policies to promote research dissemination with predominance on indexed article publication. The results reveal that there were transcendental changes in research training from the multidimensionality of knowledge. Hence, private universities must promote research training as the backbone of the research work focused on its strategic research plans, where the entire university community can investigate multiple social realities from different epistemic perspectives.

Abatihun Alehegn Sewagegn   

Any instructional activity begins with introducing the lesson topic and learning objectives to the students. Learning objectives are the expected behavioral outcomes of the students at the end of a certain instructional process, and assessment is the process of gathering evidence or information about the students' learning to check whether or not the students achieved the stated learning objectives. Before beginning a certain instruction, the teacher has to communicate the learning objectives to the students for various reasons. But there are often gaps in integrating learning objectives with assessment at different education levels. To have meaningful student learning, assessment and learning objectives should be linked. Therefore, the objective of this review article is to clearly outline and discuss the link between learning objectives and assessment and its contribution to students' learning. This study is a review of different literatures in the area of teaching, learning, and assessment. The resources included in the review were identified by manual searches from online databases and library catalogues. From the review, it is concluded that writing clear and meaningful learning objectives is a necessary skill that teachers need to have in the academic environment and the proper linkage of learning objectives and assessment plays a significant role in the success of students' learning.

Andika Adinanda Siswoyo   Agung Setyawan   Tyasmiarni Citrawati   Rita Prima Bendriyanti   and Citra Dewi   

The purpose of this study is to describe the management of outdoor learning models in environmental education courses. The method used is descriptive qualitative, in which the researcher analyzes the results of the interview management model of outdoor learning based on the needs of the course. This activity takes place from December 2019 to February 2020. The sample of this study was 5 lecturers (3 women and 2 men) in the age range of 32-40 years. The sample selection technique was carried out intentionally by evaluating the teaching experience of environmental education courses for a minimum of 4 years. The results of this study were obtained from the management of outdoor learning models in environmental education courses divided into 5 stages, namely analyzing curriculum structure, study the potential and needs of courses, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The conclusion from this study is that outdoor learning models have various positive impacts on their application. The outdoor learning model will be implemented well if it is accompanied by good management. 5 stages in the management of the outdoor learning model are connected. Hope can be applied to other subjects. A finding in this study is outdoor learning models still require face-to-face class, but more time for activities outside the classroom. Activities in the class are in the form of initial coordination, delivery of product designs, and delivery of results. The management of the outdoor learning model needs to be tried in other subjects.

Abdul Halim Abdullah   Bomi Shin   and Muhammad Sani Abdurrahman   

This study compares the assessment practices of Malaysian and South Korean lower secondary school mathematics teachers to help explain the differences that have been found consistently between the achievement levels of Malaysian and Korean students in the TIMSS and PISA. A set of questionnaires was developed and used. It consists of item in three constructs, namely, formative, summative and diagnostic assessment. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score of the questionnaire was 0.94. A total of 71 Malaysian respondents and 51 South Korean respondents were involved in the study. To gather richer data, the interview was done in a manner which could explain the results. A total of three lower secondary school mathematics teachers from each country participated in the interview. The findings show that mathematics teachers in both countries use open-ended and subjective questions versus multiple choice questions in implementing formative assessment. The mathematics teachers of both countries also understand the importance and purpose of implementing formative assessment in mathematics classes. Both education systems are highly oriented to examinations, but do not emphasise TIMSS and PISA assessments. In Malaysia, not all schools are chosen to be involved in those assessments. While the attitude of the students towards any tests or examinations makes South Korean students always ready to face the two assessments. Besides that, one of the aspects that Malaysia's education system can learn is the implementation of diagnostic assessments that is highly emphasised and systematically implemented in South Korea's education system.

Nuniek Rahmatika   and Suyatno   

The Indonesian government has implemented a five-day school policy, which resulted in the extension of the students' learning period at school. Previously, students learned at school from 07.00 to 13.30. Now, students stay longer at school, which is until 15.30. From the perspective of the students' readiness, the policy is interesting to study. Psychologically, students have a short span of learning concentration. The research aims to analyze the students' learning readiness in the implementation of a five-day school policy. The study belongs to the quantitative type by using a survey to collect the data. The samples are 145 students of senior high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia (38.6% male, 61.4% female). The instrument is a questionnaire distributed through Google form, and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and product moment. From the results, the school must establish a policy to improve the students' readiness, particularly the students' attention. The policies can be adopted in the curriculum management and fun learning activities. An advanced study is necessary by employing more various samples, involving schools from several demographics, both private and public, either in the city or in the village. It is to gain representative aspirations for the government in evaluating the five-day school policy.

An-Vinh Luong   Diep Nguyen   and Dien Dinh   

Text readability is a measure of how easy or difficult it is to read a text. This readability factor plays a crucial role in the processes of drafting and comprehending the texts, affecting the choice of proper texts for reading. Studies on the readability of text have started since the late nineteenth century and there have been many practical applications. However, these studies are mainly performed in English and other popular languages. In Vietnamese, the study of the text readability is still relatively untapped and has only received attention in recent years in the process of improving the curriculum and teaching methods. Recent studies on the readability of text in Vietnamese language are still limited, the main reason was largely due to the lack of text resources, which are corpora graded accordingly to difficulty levels. Therefore, in this study, we focused on building a corpus for assessing the readability of Vietnamese texts in the literature domain through the process of collecting, processing and evaluating documents. The result is that we have built up a corpus of 1,825 Vietnamese texts, divided into four levels of difficulty (Very easy, Easy, Medium and Difficult). Experiments with the existing Vietnamese readability assessment methods show that the built corpus is reliable and usable for further research on the text readability.

Isnaeni Umi Machromah   Sutama   Harun Joko Prayitno   Nuqthy Faiziyah   and Lina Wahyu Sri Fatmasari   

PISA is an ongoing program that monitors trends in the knowledge and skills that students around the world have acquired. Mathematics becomes one of the domains PISA assessed. Therefore, mathematical literacy is very essential. Indonesia, however, gets a low rank in PISA 2012 and 2015. This study is part of research and development research focusing on the preliminary and developing stage. This research aims to develop a PISA-like mathematics task for increasing students' literacy-related mathematics. The research subject is mathematics teachers and students in SMP Muhammadiyah in Boyolali Regency and also expertise in education. At this stage, the data are collected by observation and documentation. This study uses investigator triangulation. The result shows that mathematics material in junior high school can be developed as PISA-like problems as it includes quantity; space and shape; change and relationship; and uncertainty and data suitable with content in PISA. Moreover, this research produces for PISA-like tasks in each content and the context is related to Indonesia culture, namely technology trends in Indonesian teenagers, Cakra Menggilingan Ferris Wheel in Yogyakarta, Polygon Bicycle as a popular brand of Indonesia that known overseas, and Leather Craft as Indonesian local wisdom. PISA-like tasks based on Indonesian content could assess mathematical literacy.

Bada   Abiodun Adekunle   and Loyiso C. Jita   

The study investigated the factors affecting the teaching of Physics in Technology, a new theme under the Senior Secondary School Physics Curriculum which took effect in Nigeria after the last curriculum review. The study adopted the survey design, which involved all the Senior Secondary School Physics teachers in Ondo, Nigeria and it addressed three objectives. An instrument titled, Questionnaire on the Factors Affecting the Teaching of Physics in Technology (QFATPT), was used to obtain data for the study. The reliability of QFATPT was achieved using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient and a value of 0.76 was obtained. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings from the study showed that Physics teachers were aware that a new theme exists in the curriculum. Furthermore, assessment bodies such as the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and National Examinations Council (NECO) do not assess students on the new theme. The study concludes that while many teachers may be aware and perhaps even favorably disposed to the new curriculum theme on Physics in Technology, the challenges of access to resources for teaching and the absence of test items of the theme during national and local assessment militate against effective implementation of the newly added topics to the curriculum in schools. The paper closes with suggestions on the need for government to increase the awareness of Theme IV through workshops/seminars for in-service Physics teachers and also ensure the procurement of relevant materials/equipment to support local improvisation by teachers.

Fatima Awad Al-Snaid   and Manal A. Altawalbeh   

This study investigates the Effectiveness of an Interactive Educational Video on the Academic Achievement in Geography for Sixth-Grade Students in Madaba Governorate Schools. To achieve the objective of the study, the study was used as a quasi-experimental approach. The sample was chosen purposefully. The sample of the study consisted of (60) students of the sixth grade from the Ibntaimia School in Madaba Governate from the second semester in the university year 2019/2020. The study sample was distributed in an experimental group that has (30) students who were educated on the geography subject using an interactive video and the control group that has (30) students who were educated on the same geography subject using a traditional method. The achievement test (pre & post-test) was prepared in one instrument, and the achievement test was distributed after testing the validity and reliability of the instrument, The results of this study presented that there were significant differences at the level of significant (α≤0.05) between the experimental and control group for the benefit of the experimental group in the post-test, which were studied using the interactive video. The study detected the effectiveness of the interactive video in increasing academic achievement in geography. According to the results, the researcher recommended using interactive video in schools because of its effective way of increasing academic achievement.

Nasir   Wresni Pujiyati   Sumarni   Ishaq Bagea   Evy Segarawati Ampry   and Badrudin   

This study intends to examine factors reasoning students' withdrawal from school, and formulate strategy or model to attract and retain them until finnishing their education. This research was motivated by the indicator of Rough Participation Rates and Educational Pure Participation Rates showing an imbalance. Children of compulsory school-age who register at each level of education (elementary, junior high, and high school or equivalent) are not all able to complete their schooling. This means that schools must strive to minimize the number of students' withdrawal. Although, there have been many programs launched by the government to stimulate access to education, they had not been able to increase community participation in education. Data in this research were obtained by using Google form electronic data access. It was shared to 200 students aged 12 to 16 years old from 5 different schools. However, only 174 respond it. In addition, the data were also collected through doing interviews and analyzing of the relevant documents. Present study reveals that broken home, experiencing bullying, financial matter, and disinterest in education are the students' motives dropping out school. Hence, the recommendations of strategy overcoming the issue were growing students' academic motivation, providing the quality of school services, and applying an attractive learning procedure. Scheme formulation-developed, meant to maintain students, makes them feel at home, and remain in school.

Soeprijanto   and Achmad Ridwan   

This study aims to determine the extent to which teachers in Indonesian vocational high schools apply informal assessments to evaluate learning outcomes. The problems in this study are the development of using informal assessment across four competencies in vocational high schools, the main reasons for conducting this evaluation, and the data collection techniques in assessing students' skills informally. This study applies a survey method with a descriptive analysis to evaluate the application of informal assessment across the four keys: religious, social, knowledge, and skills competencies. The survey was conducted within 98 Schools, across 21 Indonesian Provinces, and included 183 teachers. The results show that, first, all the responding teachers apply informal assessment methods across all four competencies because of the school recommendations. Second, teachers used formal assessments to fulfill the data for students who are in trouble. The study also found that teachers have the highest tendency to apply informal assessment based on four competencies, which was religious for 76%. Finally, the study identifies that teachers favor observation checklists (80%) to gather informal assessment data. This study's contribution is to prove the implementation of informal assessment based on four competencies and the importance of this evaluation system towards vocational high school students' outcomes.

Farah Mohamad Zain   and Siti Nazuar Sailin   

This study aims to discover students' experience with flipped learning approach. In particular, this study aims to identify key elements of the flipped learning experience to build flipped learning framework that could be used as a guiding framework for instructional designers. This study employs qualitative research design and is supported by the meaningful learning theory and student engagement model which acts as a theoretical framework. A total of 16 postgraduate students who enrolled in Master of Educational Management programme participated in this study. Data is collected through open ended questionnaire, and reflections by the students and the instructor. The finding reveals elements of students' engagement in the flipped learning approach which consists of (i) fun learning, (ii) active learning, (iii) collaborative learning, and (iv) technology enhanced learning. The findings revealed that students reported positive experiences towards the exposure of the flipped learning approach, which supported the meaningful learning theory and student engagement model. It is envisaged that the results of this study would provide significant impact in the way higher education courses should be delivered. Through flipped learning approach, the focus of the instructional approach is no longer providing direct content to the students, but to allow students to construct the knowledge themselves and be responsible in their own learning.

Muhammad Zuhri Dj   Sadieli Telaumbanua   Rugaiyah   Silvy Sondari Gadzali   Faizatul Husna   and Ignatius Septo Pramesworo   

The study aimed to prove the effectiveness of the application of the Beyond Centers and Circles Time methods on coursework writing, measuring improved writing skills and the attitude of prospective English lecturers' learners after applying the methods of Beyond Centers and Circles Time and knowing learner responses to the application of the methods of Beyond Centers and Circles Time. This type of research is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using posttest Experiment Group design pretests. The result shows the changing occurs in learners' writing skill which means that there is an increasing in the pretests value to the posttest with an average N-Gain of moderate criteria is 0.56, from the test results the P-value is 0.000, if the P-value < 0.005 can be concluded that the method Beyond Centers and Circles Time effectively applied to the course of writing, there is a percentage increase in scientific stance at each of the lowest meetings of 52.00% and the highest percentage of 84.80. Conclusion of the results that the implementation of the method of Beyond Centers and Circles Time was obtained that the increase in writing skill and the scientific attitudes of prospective lecturers and learners gave positive responses to the application of Beyond Centers and Circles Time method.

Petr Nikitin   Rimma Gorokhova   Ruslan Bazhenov   and Irina Bystrenina   

The research is devoted to the study of the process of increasing students' motivation to study physics, one of the most complex sciences of the school course. The process of increasing motivation is considered through the introduction of an optional course in high school. The research represents the organizational and methodological features of the formation of sustainable motivation of students to physics in the process of teaching the optional course "Physical Basis of Information Security", which is a program for giving theoretical knowledge about the physical foundations of information security, providing active practical work in the process of studying different ways of information security and performing laboratory work. Teaching is based on the application of the problem-based learning and active learning, as the optimal methods of searching and obtaining new knowledge. The increased level of motivation and students' knowledge is achieved through the introduction of the optional course "Physical Basis of Information Security", which includes pedagogical technologies, problem situations and practical exercises. Monitoring analysis of the results of a learning experiment proves that the experimental group, unlike the control group, has a higher level of motivation and knowledge.

Delon A. Ching   

Working in joint effort empowers students' dynamic social connection and helps oversee intellectual and behavioral improvements. This study focused on assessing the effectiveness of the Two Cubed Approach as an introduced Collaborative teaching practice in enhancing the Algebra and the social skills of the students. One group pretest and posttest experimental research design was used to 38 College of Teacher Education first-year Mathematics major students, during the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. The students experienced working in two cubed collaboration, quartic discussion, paired sharing, and individual verification. Its ultimate goal is to make them become independent learners who mastered the competencies set. The result shows a significant positive increase from pretest to posttest scores in the algebra skills of the respondents, which implies enhanced skills in recalling, simplifying, analyzing, solving, and applying the concepts learned from poor to fair level reached very good to excellent performances. This study also showed that the use of two cubed approaches in the classroom enhanced the social attributes of the learners. They were able to establish good working relationships and shared relevant ideas in accomplishing the tasks provided, leading to a more productive learning experience. The use of two cubed approaches in learning algebraic concepts enhances the students' skill for them to achieve better performances, and its collaborative segments led to a positive view in dealing with their group mates in attaining a high level of social skills.

Nurhayat Güneş   Şeniz Aksoy   and Vedat Özsoy   

The main aim of this research is to determine the opinions of students and the faculty offering the course on the a/r/tography applications. This descriptive study was carried out during the Spring semester of the 2016-2017 school year and the Fall semester of the 2017-2018 school year at the Department of Art Education of Gazi Faculty of Education in Gazi University. The participants of the research were 7 students and the faculty member offering the course. Descriptive analysis was the method used to analyze the data. According to the research results, using personal life experiences in a/r/tographical practices helped students create original and creative works. The students developed significantly in associating real life with awareness of their own experiences, although they found it challenging to write, produce ideas, and generate meaning during the application section of the course. The activities effectively unveiled students' roles as artists/researchers/teachers-learners. According to the faculty member offering the course, students could refer to their own experiences to generate original and creative ideas during application. Students carried out research work, however limited, as researchers. Students thought and acted like artists, creating works of high artistic values. Students acted as learners—they learned during the course and beyond. Students also acted as teachers by learning from one another. Due to a lack of thinking and inquiry-based teaching in traditional art education primarily in art studios and a lack of previous opportunities to focus on and write about experiences, students had difficulty understanding subjects, generating ideas, and writing.

Nadia Aulia Nadhirah   Dindin Abdul Muiz Lidzinillah   Nurul Hadi Yanti   and Aslina Binti Ahmad   

This research is motivated by the lack of curiosity of elementary school students in studying natural science subjects that affect the low quality of student learning. Until now there has been no research that examines the role of dimensions/indicators of curiosity. Thus, research on this matter must be carried out. This research is supported by using the Rasch model as a medium for testing. The purpose of this study is to show a description of the evaluation of curiosity of elementary school students in grades 5 and 6 of science subjects with the Rasch model to measure the accuracy of the instrument. The research participants were 99 participants from schools in Tasikmalaya. Data collection tools in the form of a self-report questionnaire to measure student curiosity. The results of the study were analyzed using the Rasch model and acceptable reliability (Alpha Cronbach = 0.74) was included in either category. Furthermore, the value of Person Reliability is 0.70 as an indicator of the consistency of respondents' answers, including sufficient categories. Because as many as 94 elementary school students in grades 5 and 6 were declared fit, in the sense of giving answers according to ability level. While 5 other students answered less according to their ability level, in the sense of the possibility of guessing an answer or not giving an answer. While the Item Reliability of 0.88 as an indicator of the quality of items in the instrument, is classified as a good category.

Elena Corradini   

The first Italian University Museums Network, constituted in 2012 for a first project, coordinated by Modena and Reggio Emilia, in 2015 started a second project, approved and financed by the Ministry of the University and Research (Online available from http://www.pomui.unimore.it), dedicated to orient the students to the scientific method and culture. The primary objective was to promote, starting from the historical-scientific and naturalistic heritage of the Network, among the students of the IV and V High School classes, the interest in scientific culture that still suffers not only in our country but worldwide. The Museums of the Network decided not only to propose to look at their scientific instruments and naturalistic specimens or to observe the reproduction of some natural phenomena, but with a hands-on approach for raising awareness, to provide to the students the tools in order to understand the cultural context in which the scientific instruments have been invented or realized, the specimens collected, the phenomena observed for the first time. The museums realized 56 experiential educational paths through the individuation and the sharing of operative methods, the adoption and the use of common languages and tools, with specific attention to the information technologies. These paths are dedicated to three principal themes, biodiversity, color and time, and seven subthemes and are published in the Network web portal (Online available from http://www.retemuseiuniversitari.unimore.it). After this experience, an University Museums Observatory will be useful to help the University Museums to become privileged places of the science communication, laboratories of participation, observatories on the past, present and future and able to promote and develop students' interests and skills for the scientific culture.

Spyros Kollas   and Krystallia Halkia   

Second Chance Schools (SCSs) were established in Greece in 1997 in an effort to provide literacy skills to adult school dropouts in order to facilitate their reintegration into society. Science teachers working in SCSs face the challenge of developing scientific literacy-oriented curricula according to the needs of their students. However, empirical data show that most teachers, influenced by their previous classroom experiences in formal education, design theory-laden curricula that aim to introduce SCSs' students to the content of science. This study presents the methodology and results of a two-day constructivist teacher-training workshop which is aimed at changing seven SCSs' science teachers' criteria when selecting and designing topics for their scientific literacy curricula. The analysis and evaluation of the workshop indicated that while science teachers were able to make the critical shift to the selection of topics in line with students' needs (the new topics focused on real-context science-related situations relevant to their students' personal, vocational and social experiences), weaknesses were detected in the science teachers' practices related to the nature of science and the use of scientific knowledge within the context-based issues. The results of this pilot study may be useful to similar teacher training programs that focus on the designing of innovative curricula.

Valery Okulich-Kazarin   

The purpose of the review was to show four levels of organization of educational activity of educational service providers. The review was carried out since January 2020 till May 2020. Above 200 publications have been explored, including in journals indexed in databases SCOPUS and Web of Science. There were following research methods used in the review: (1) methods of theoretical analysis (induction and deduction; comparative and retrospective analysis; classification; specification and generalization); (2) empirical methods (study scientific papers and normative legal acts; content analysis of relevant sources); (3) mathematical and graphical methods for data analysis of research, verification of statistical hypotheses. The results of the review have a few significant implications for science and practice. Three theoretical directions were explored: 1. psychological sciences; 2. learning theory; 3. investment in higher education. For the first time it was shown four levels of organization of educational activity of educational service providers. The recommendations were generated for each of four levels. Some results are statistically significant (0.05).

Arman La Aca   Dwi Sulisworo   and Guntur Maruto   

This research aimed to discover the validity and the feasibility of the learning videos on parabolic motion materials. These videos are provided for the flipped classroom activity. The output of this research is the product of learning videos that are valid and feasible used as learning media. This research develops with the ADDIE model using two videos, a video of physics concept analysis in daily life, and a video of teacher's explanation in the form of light board-based video. The validity average of learning videos from material experts is 94.44% for 1st-learning video, and 93.06% for 2nd-learning video. Besides, the validity average from media experts is 91.57% for 1st-learning video, and 90.19% for 2nd-learning video. Therefore, the validity is in the very valid category. The percentage average of students' responses towards the 1st-learning video is 90.02%; the 2nd-learning video is 98.37%. Hence, the student's responses to learning videos are categorized as very feasible. Based on validator and students' response evaluation results, learning videos are valid and feasible for learning media. This study can be a reference to produce effective and efficient learning media. The limitation of this research is that the effectiveness of the learning video had not been tested.

Yin Kun   Fatiha Senom   and Chew Fong Peng   

This research sets out to investigate the relationship between WTC (willingness to communicate) in English and FLE (Foreign Language Enjoyment) among Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners in normal universities in Shandong Province, China. This is a quantitative research through survey technique via a questionnaire on students' demographic variables, WTC, and FLE. The data collected from 128 recruited students have been addressed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures). The outcomes of this research show that the tertiary EFL students in Shandong normal universities evaluated themselves as taking a high level of FLE and L2 WTC. Besides, data exhibited there was a significant positive relationship that is moderately strong between FLE and L2 WTC. Furthermore, the multiple regression analysis showed that FLE-teacher is the FLE dimension that significantly impacts on L2 WTC. Through the achievement of the fitness indexes required for GFI (Goodness of Fit Index), Ratio Chisq/df (Chi-square/ Degrees of Freedom), and RMR (Root Mean Square) at an acceptable level, the proposed structural model does fit with the data gathered. Thereby, the structural model proposed based on the conceptual framework was established for this study.

Abdoulaye Kaba   and Ziyad K. Ellala   

This paper reported the findings of a case study conducted about the use of educational technology among deaf students. The paper explored gender and academic major differences of deaf students in using the computer and the Internet. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire. The participants were 38 deaf students, 18 males and 20 females, studying the Special Education and Applied Sociology programs at Al Ain University (AAU). The collected data were analyzed using frequency distributions, averages, and t-test. The findings of the study confirmed significant differences among participants to concerning gender and academic major. The differences were significant in using the computer as a thinking tool for problem-solving and the ability to use software related to the courses. Likewise, the findings of the study confirmed significant differences among students in using the Internet for accessing information, to upload files and assignments, and to improve knowledge. These findings suggest the impact of gender and academic major on the use of computer and the Internet among deaf students. The paper could be an important reference to understand how deaf students use educational technology, particularly computer and the Internet, for educational activities.

Syafruddin   Abdul Rahman Rahim   Munirah   Syahruddin   Abdul Kadir   Muhammad Bakri   and Aziz Thaba   

The purpose of this research and development is to produce teaching material products that are feasible and effective in the achievement of learning objectives. The product in question is electronic teaching materials in Indonesian. The feasibility testing technique used is expert judgment involving three experts to examine and assess the feasibility of teaching materials. There are four components which are assessed as feasible, namely the content or material of teaching materials, the presentation system, graphic design, and linguistic elements. Data analysis in this study used descriptive statistical techniques. The results of the research prove that the curriculum of the Indonesian Language course at the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar requires a serious evaluation through improving the quality of its teaching materials. The results of this research and development are output in the form of electronic teaching material products that have been tested for eligibility based on expert judgment covering four components, namely the content or material, presentation, graphic or appearance, and language. In addition, the feasibility of teaching materials is also supported by the results of the trials. The product has been implemented in learning activities at Makassar Muhammadiyah University, and the results show that the Indonesian teaching material product was declared effective, with a significant increase in student learning outcomes.

Jamaluddin Ahmad   Andi Astinah Adnan   Muhammad Hanafi   and Yusuf Qamaruddin   

Improving the quality of education can be implemented in various ways. This study aims to analyze the triple helix approach in the management of School Operational Assistance funds which are decentralized to schools. Decentralized planning, organizing, directing and controlling the process as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Technical Guidelines for Regular School Operational Assistance. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 35 respondents, namely the principal, and the administrator of the secondary and vocational school committee in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Use the Nvivo-12 plus program assistance to process data from interviews, documents and explanations from the Minister of Education and Culture. The results showed that the authority and deconcentration and devaluation authority dominated the process of using school operational assistance funds. The main finding of this study is the importance of the triple helix approach of universities, industry, and local government in the area of decentralization of authority for channelling school operational assistance funds. This finding is supported by optimizing the involvement of the triple helix in school committee members. The implications of the triple helix approach will ensure accountability and transparency in the management of school operational assistance funds because they are stakeholders in the education sector, especially in secondary and vocational schools.

Rian Nurizka   Rifki Irawan   Syahria Anggita Sakti   and Luqman Hidayat   

School culture is an integral part of the school that can affect the quality of behavior and can change students' cognitive patterns. The values of Pancasila as the ideology of the nation can be incorporated into school culture as a special feature of education in Indonesia. The importance of internalizing school culture as a process of habituation in growing student awareness must have the support of all school members. The purpose of this study is to foster student's awareness of the values of Pancasila as a view of the life of the Indonesian nation through the internalization of school culture. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection used in this study was field observations, interviews, and document analysis. Analysis of the data used is the display of data, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the internalization of school culture to foster awareness of Pancasila values can be done through structuring the maintained and maintained physical environment of the school, structuring the school's social environment with social activities, structuring school personnel with the creation of security, order, and comfort of school residents, classroom management by applying the values of Pancasila in each learning process, the leadership of the principal by synergizing all components of the school, building a solid work spirit, improving school quality. The contribution of this research is that fostering awareness of the values of Pancasila must be done by all schools by optimizing the culture of the school they have.

Eva Latipah   Hanif Cahyo Adi Kistoro   Fitria Fauziah Hasanah   and Himawan Putranta   

The phenomenon of parental care shared through social media (sharenting) is increasingly widespread. This research aimed to elaborate on the motives, strategies, and psychological effects of sharenting by millennial parents. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The subjects are millennial parents who have a habit of sharing parenting on social media and are members of the professional community. Determination of the sample uses purposive sampling, so that as many as ten people consisted of five females and five males. Interviews, observations, and documentation are the methods used in data collection. Data were analyzed using reduction techniques, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that the motive of sharenting parents is to receive affirmation and social support, demonstrate the ability to care for children, social participation, and documentation. Millennial parents with a peer-oriented communication model do Sharenting. Sharenting for millennial parents has both positive and negative impacts, namely by providing new information and knowledge, making new friends, and support. The negative effects include feeling insecure, comparing her child with someone else's child, causing animosity and dissent. Thus, it can be concluded that sharenting by millennial parents is carried out with a variety of motives, carried out with a peer approach strategy, and has both positive and negative impacts at the same time. The implication is that millennial parents are more knowledgeable about parenting, understand good sharenting, and are psychologically trained in responding to netizens for their sharenting.

Ameliasari Tauresia Kesuma   Harun   Zamroni   Himawan Putranta   and Hanif Cahyo Adi Kistoro   

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is used to learn things that affect student learning and learning outcomes. This research type is review research, which critically examines and sees the application of the SRL model in Indonesia. The criteria taken in this review research are learning models that have a theoretical and practical foundation. The learning models analyzed include learning models from Boekaerts; Winne; Zimmerman; Efklides; Hadwin, Järvelä and Miller; and Pintrich because it was used as a basis for various SRL studies. Each learning model is explored in detail, including a description of the model, a practical foundation, and instruments built on the model. After that, the learning model is compared with a number of aspects in each phase, so a newer and simpler learning model synthesis appears. The empirical evidence from the SRL meta-analysis was raised regarding the evaluation of the model. The SRL model can improve students' SRL skills, especially students who are still dependent on the teacher's role. Therefore, it is necessary to categorize students before applying the SRL development model consisting of goals, strategies, and reflections. Teachers should have various lists of SRL models, so they can adjust their interventions to improve these skills more effectively.

W. Widodo   and Irvandi Gustari   

Innovation, especially innovative behavior, has become a vital interest among teachers in Indonesia, as it argues to play a prominent role in increasing work quality and effectiveness, particularly, tasks of teaching. However, empirical evidence assessing innovative behavior is still relatively limited, so it explores the effect of knowledge management (KM) and creativity on innovative behavior mediating by organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A questionnaire collected the research data through a survey. The participant of this research is 363 teachers selected by accidental sampling. Data analysis uses path analysis supported by descriptive statistics. The results revealed that KM and creativity had a positive and significant effect on innovative behavior, both direct and indirect effects mediating by OCB. Thus, the teacher's innovative behavior can improve through KM, creativity, and OCB. Besides, this research also found a research model about the effect of KM and creativity on innovative behavior mediating by OCB. This evidence can discuss among researchers and practitioners in developing innovative behavior models in the future and various contexts of organizations.

K. D. H. Gunawan   S. Liliasari   Ida Kaniawati   and Wawan Setiawan   

Recent technological developments have increasingly supported the science learning that presents artificial intelligence as part of Internet of Things (IoT). Its implementation can be carried out through Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) in blended learning environment. This technology was used to support 29 Indonesian junior secondary science teachers in creating innovative lesson plans, which are members of competencies improvement programs. The purpose of this study was to describe the lesson plans that contain an integrated science teaching, supported by ITS in blended learning. The lesson plan product was analyzed descriptively. This Qualitative method was used to determine its characteristics about curriculum integration, learning activity, technology integration, higher order thinking skills, and assessment process. The result revealed that most teachers have strongly represented aspects of these all required aspects. The lesson plan created reflects the ability of teachers who are creative and capable to integrate various contents in learning activities. Learning activities are student-centered oriented to higher-order thinking skills. Technological support applied in learning activities is also an aid for students to be more motivated, as well as the presentation of assessment aspects that are relevant to the learning objectives. There are still some inadequacies in these results to be discussed. Thus, the potential future researches for supporting the science teaching are highly welcomed.

Reem Jawabreh   İpek Danju   and Soheil Salha   

The current study aimed at assessing the quality of pre-school learning environment in Palestine. Learning quality is considered as a significant indicator of human sustainability. Pre-school learning is part of a basic education strategy to enrich and support children's development during the critical, formative years from birth to five years. The sample of this study was stratified random with (180) preschool teachers from the district of Nablus. The researchers adopted the quantitative methodology by using the ECERS-R questionnaire to assess the quality of pre-school learning environment. Statistical analysis detected that the quality of pre-schools learning environment according to the ECERS-R scale had high levels on the domains of language, activities, interaction, program structure and parents and staff. Furnishing and personal care routine had moderate levels of quality. It can be inferred relative weaknesses in the learning environment in Palestinian pre-schools with certain items yielding weakly level. Thus, it can be concluded that all the items can still be improved. The last result showing that there was a significant difference in the quality of preschool learning environment according to teachers' educational qualification, generally, the current study recommended the significance of continuing to supply effective quality learning environments in pre-schools in Palestine.

M. Mawarto   W. Widodo   and S. Sulistiasih   

Teacher professionalism determines the quality of education output. Hence, this study aims to explore the effect of good corporate governance (GCG) and knowledge management (KM) on the teacher's professional performance in Indonesia mediating by affective commitment. A questionnaire collected the research data through the survey method. The research participants are 375 teachers spreading across three provinces (Jakarta, Banten, West Java) determined by accidental sampling. Data analysis uses path analysis supported by descriptive statistics. The results show that GCG and KM have a significant effect on the teacher's professional performance, either directly or indirectly, mediating by affective commitment. The affective commitment has a direct effect more adequate on the teacher's professional performance than GCG and KM, KM has a direct effect more adequate on teacher's affective commitment than GCG, and KM has an indirect effect more appropriate on the teacher's professional performance mediated by affective commitment than GCG. Therefore, a fit research model about the effect of GCG and KM on the teacher's professional performance mediated by affective commitment was found based on data from teachers in Indonesia. This model can be adopted as a reference or discursus by researchers and education practitioners in developing teacher professional performance models in the future and various contexts, fields, and educational organizations.

Lan Chi Le   Thai Dinh Do   and Nhi Van Kieu   

Human resources are always factor contributing to not only the existence of any organization, but also its development, the successful performance of which leads to create and enhance motivation of the employees in the organization. This factor is to promote lecturers and to improve labor productivity. It is a decisive factor for each University in successfully implementing the objectives and improving training quality. Therefore, this study's primary goal is to explore factors that influence the lecturers' motivation of public universities in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM). The researcher surveyed 800 lecturers who are teaching at eight public universities in HCMC, and each University has 100 lecturers surveyed. The researcher applied a random sampling technique and tested the Cronbach's Alpha. Results showed three factors affecting the lecturers' motivation and loyalty at public universities in HCMC with significance at 1.0 percent. This study's findings are an essential scientific justification to help educational managers improve lecturers' motivation and enhance training quality, not only in public universities in HCMC but also in other public universities in other provinces.

Jiyoung Lee   

The intention to stay of childcare teachers is an important factor to be considered in providing quality childcare services. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of childcare teacher job satisfaction and professionalism perception on a teacher's intention to stay. By examining these variables, this study can help enrich existing studies on teacher education program development. The subject of the study was 280 childcare teachers working in care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A survey was conducted from November 3 to November 25, 2019. 245 collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 by performing reliability coefficient calculation, technical statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study are two-fold. First, job satisfaction is positively correlated with professionalism perception and the intention to stay, as professionalism perception is likewise positively correlated with the intention to stay. Second, job satisfaction and professionalism perception have a positive effect on the teachers' intention to stay. Based on these results, this study concludes that the school administration and other stakeholders who are concerned with teacher education development must consider job satisfaction and professionalism in order to increase the intention of childcare teachers to stay.

Rome B. Moralista   and Ryan Michael F. Oducado   

This research determined the perception toward online education among faculty in a State College in the Philippines. This study used a descriptive online survey involving a sample of 27 faculty members. Statistical tools employed were descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Research findings indicated that the majority of faculty had intermediate computer competency and had no training in online teaching, with only a few having a very stable internet connection. Faculty considered online education to result in more academic dishonesty, impersonal and lack feeling compared to face-to-face classes, and difficult to manage in terms of technology. Additionally, faculty were undecided if they are in favor of online education. The faculty significantly differed whether they are in favor of online education based on age, sex, college, educational attainment, years in teaching, academic rank, level taught, and employment status. Faculty of Higher Education Institutions must be provided with continued support and training as they adapt to the new normal in the higher education landscape and as they embrace the instructional challenges brought by the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic.

Helaluddin   Muhammad Arifin Ahmad   and Anshari   

This study aims to investigate the needs of students and lecturers in writing instructions using the process genre approach. Besides, this research is also based on facts which reveal that decision making on learning objectives is only taken from the curriculum and syllabus review used. But unfortunately, the preference of students and lecturers for learning needs is actually ignored. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using questionnaires and interviews as research instruments. The number of participants in this study was 3 Indonesian language lecturers and 65 students at the State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. The participants of the students were selected by using a purposive random sampling technique. The results showed that the need for a writing learning model design using the process genre approach. Specifically, the findings of this study include several aspects needed by students and lecturers, namely: (1) a comprehensive learning approach involving students, colleagues, and lecturers, (2) writing assessment must cover broader aspects, and (3) the need for publication as part of the writing activity. Furthermore, the syntax in the learning model based on the needs analysis is: (1) recognize the form of the text, (2) analyze the text, (3) discuss the text, (4) write the text independently, (5) finalize the text, and (6) publish the text.

Ismail E.   Razak M. R. A.   Alam N. A. M.   and Bakar A. Y. A.   

Physical fitness is a factor which influences academic achievement. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship of physical fitness towards academic achievements (sciences subject) among the female students in the district of Petaling Jaya, Selangor. This is a descriptive study utilizes a comparative data analysis method. The respondents involved were 357 female students; 177 students were 16 years old and the remaining 180 students were 17 years old. Data was gathered from Standard Kecergasan Fizikal Kebangsaan Untuk Murid Sekolah Malaysia (SEGAK) evaluation, and later was compared to the respondents' year-end Science examination results. The findings show that the respondents' body mass index is in a normal range of physical fitness level (M = 3.74, SD = .795), whereas their Science examinations results were satisfying in the category of credit or grade C (M = 7.04, SD = 2.660). There was a significant relationship between the physical fitness test using the 3-minute step test and the flexibility of performing academically in the Science subject which is r = .226, p > 0.01 and r = .159, p < 0.01. The finding shows that their cardiovascular endurance and flexibility have influence on their academic achievements, particularly in the Science subject. The results of this study could be used by teachers and school administrators to improve physical fitness programs at school for the benefits of the students.

Afiat Berbudi   Maghfira Dwivani Rahmaputri   Kurnia Wahyudi   and Julia Ramadhanti   

Background: Teaching medical parasitology in the form of teacher-centered lectures requires innovation using the help of the latest digital technology to increase the effectiveness of the teaching. Realtime quiz Kahoot in an online platform is chosen in this study as a method combined with lecture because it is simple and flexible. Objective: This research analyzes the effect of applying Kahoot in increasing students' knowledge and enthusiasm for learning medical parasitology. Method: In total, 277 medical students were recruited to participate in this study, consisting of 181 females and 96 males. The research was a randomized controlled trial. The increase of knowledge was measured analytically using secondary data from pre-test and post-test during laboratory activity and the student's enthusiasm was described using primary data from questionnaires given to students that attend the Kahoot session. Participants are undergraduate medical students in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran in the odd semester and divided into two groups: control and treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group in knowledge increase, with a difference in median 0.055, confidence interval 95% (-0.126; 0.014), p= 0.162. The total average of the percentage of the participants scoring agrees statements in the primary data that showed student's enthusiasm was 68.85%. Conclusion: The analysis of student's knowledge of medical parasitology after using Kahoot shows no significant difference reflecting that there was no effect in using Kahoot for increasing knowledge in the teaching-learning process. However, the descriptive analysis of questionnaires shows that student's enthusiasm was relatively high (68.65%) after using Kahoot in class.

Vsevolod V. Andreev   Lidia N. Vasilieva   Vladimir I. Gorbunov   Olga K. Evdokimova   and Nataliia N. Timofeeva   

The paper analyses two psychological and pedagogical concepts, namely, the need- informational theory of emotions and the self-determination theory. These theories are focused on the priority of the students' activity. Thus, the educational process should create opportunities for a student to predict a result of his/her activity and to give it a predominant status. It is also necessary to develop an environment intended to demonstrate independence and creativity, focus on positive emotions and a need for self-respect, as well as to maintain an acceptable level of anxiety. The target criterion is to provide a psychologically comfortable educational environment. From this perspective, we described and analysed our experience of a transdisciplinary approach to teaching the Russian Language and Business Communication course, as well as to the blended learning technique for teaching the Informatics and Information Technology in Radioelectronics and the Mathematical Analysis courses. The former case demonstrated a qualitative effect of mini-research tasks performed by the students. As for the latter case, we carried out several experiments that detected a significant difference of the examination scores with higher grades and lower anxiety level in the experimental groups (as compared to the control ones).

Haroon. M. Tawarah   and Omar. M. Mahasneh   

The two researchers noticed through their teaching repeatedly that the students were not interacting during the lectures, so this study aimed to identify the learning Patterns of students at Al-Shoubak University College. The researchers used the descriptive method (educational survey). To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed, consisting of (20) items distributed in four Patterns of learning, namely visual, auditory, Kinesthetic, reading and writing, according to the model of the scientist Fleming. The sample consisted of (216) male/female students. The results of ‎the study showed that the level of the following learning Patterns: (Kinesthetic, ‎visual, reading and writing) have achieved a high degree. In addition, Shobak University College students prefer the Kinesthetic learning ‎Patterns where it got the highest ‎mean which is (2.49), and the learning Pattern, Auditory, has achieved the lowest ‎mean which is (2.33) with Average degree.‎ There are no statistically significant differences at the level of alpha significance = ‎‎0.05 among the level of learning patterns and students due to the gender ‎variable. In light of the results of the study, the two researchers recommended ‎that the faculty members in universities should observe the Patterns of students ‎learning during the teaching and evaluation process. ‎

Mailizar Mailizar   and Lianghuo Fan   

The Indonesian secondary school mathematics curriculum advocates the use of technology in teaching and learning of mathematics. The previous studies paid less attention to what type of digital tools that the teachers used and how they integrated them in the mathematics teaching. This study aimed at investigating Indonesian secondary school mathematics teachers' instructional practices in the integration of digital technology in classrooms and examined differences in teachers' instructional practice according to their background. It employed a quantitative approach whereby were collected through a questionnaire survey. The data were gathered from 341 mathematics teachers in 93 secondary schools. This study suggested that the integration of digital technology has emerged in Indonesian secondary school mathematics classrooms. However, it was also found that most of the teachers did not use the technology in constructive ways. The result also revealed that female teachers have better instructional practices in the use of digital technology than male teachers. In addition, teachers' levels of education play an important role on their instructional practices with digital technologies. This study suggests that it needs a radical improvement of the integration of technology in Indonesian secondary school mathematics classrooms in order to achieve the curriculum objective. Therefore, further research and development on this issue is needed in the country.

Ucu Cahyana   Maria Paristiowati   N. Lia Marliana   Siti Ansoriyah   Rifkah Nabilah   Rahma Dwi Pasha   Theodorus Panglila   and Revolson A. Mege   

Problems with conducting general course lectures are partly due to the insufficient availability of qualified teaching staff so it becomes necessary to employ lecturers that are not employed by the University from outside or join some classes into one class. Problems from the lecturer side are more to the variety of methods used. Joining class has all sorts of negative implications including providing the specific learning resources needed by each cohort and of course places tremendous pressure on the lecturer managing joined class. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of mobile learning in Indonesian language courses. The study was conducted at several universities in Indonesia. The research method used in this study was the research and development mobile learning for general courses Indonesian language followed by the implementation of the product using quantitative and qualitative research methods. The resulting mobile learning media is an application for smartphones with an android operating system called "Indonesian.apk". Learning components included in the application are: learning videos, materials and quizzes. At the stage of the media feasibility test by material and language experts, the percentage of overall average assessment was 77.08%. In the feasibility test stage by media, experts produced an average assessment percentage of 90.53%. The results of small-scale trials of students amounted to 90.2% and the results of large-scale trials of students amounted to 93.4%. Overall, the results of the media trial resulted in an assessment of the media with very good average criteria. Based on the calculation of the results of the t-test test, it shows that by using mobile learning there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of students. The average post-test scores in the experimental class are higher than the lecturer delivered teaching and learning.

Nurul Huda S. A.   Suyanto   Badrun Kartowagiran   Caly Setiawan   and Himawan Putranta   

Academic freedom is a universal concept inherent in the academic community of higher education. But in its implementation, it is always diverse because it attached to the cultural context and locality of the community. This research aims to find out the description of lecturers' understanding of academic freedom and determine challenges in the field based on their experience. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 15 informants from 10 tertiary institutions located in 5 major islands in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed by describing data qualitatively using analytic reduction of statement identification, determination of core themes, and essence descriptions. The results showed that lecturers have an understanding of academic freedom to conduct or not to carry out activities based on the disciplines they engaged in, in the aspects of teaching, research, publication, and community service without any intervention. Lecturers also get treatment of restrictions on academic freedom conducted by leaders of higher education institutions, fellow lecturer colleagues, government officials, and community groups. Dialogue is the most common way lecturers do when faced with restrictions in academic freedom. Thus, it is important to formulate a broader and more detailed conceptualization to minimize the interpretation of the misuse of interests. Strengthening networks between lecturers and international institutions concerned with academic freedom is a form of academic policy.

A. Shodiqin   Sukestiyarno   Wardono   Isnarto   S. B. Waluya   and Rochmad   

Mathematical communication plays a very important role in learning mathematics, so it needs to be developed in mathematics learning. Mathematical communication is the process of conveying mathematical ideas to obtain a shared understanding between those who give and receive information. This study aims to describe the mathematical communication profile of prospective mathematics teachers based on self-efficacy in solving probabilistic problems. By solving probabilistic problems, it can improve probabilistic thinking, so that probabilistic problem solving can improve the ability to think at a higher level or Higher Order Thinking Skill, which is urgently needed today. This qualitative research is a study case. Subjects in this study were prospective mathematics teachers selected based on self-efficacy. The instruments used in this study were written tests and guided interviews based on probabilistic problems. Then the subjects were interviewed based on their work on the assignment. Data collection techniques are done through observation, interviewing, and documentation, while the data analysis technique used by researchers uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely by the process of (1) reduction data, (2) presentation data, and (3) drawing conclusions and verification. The results showed that prospective mathematics teachers who had different self-efficacy in solving probabilistic problems had different mathematical communication skills.

Fernan Peniero Tupas   and Rosario P. Noderama   

Professional development, such as In-Service Training for Teachers (INSET) of the Department of Education (DepEd), is one of the tools to help improve teaching-learning. The current trend is Industrial Revolution 4.0, and the education system is to gear toward Education 4.0. This qualitative research used automated micro-targeting, interview, and document analysis. This study aims to identify the themes and integration of Education 4.0 in the conduct of INSET during School Year (SY) 2019-2020. The results exposed INSET this academic year is focused on teachers' and students' development as a whole in both summer and semestral break training. Almost all the topics are content-based, and no hands-on activities are facilitated except for action research making. None of the themes or topics selected for Education 4.0. In Category A, the highest answers were of the whole informants revealed 77.78% for "INFORMATIVE"; in Category B, the highest was 75.00% for "USELESS"; and in Category C,52% for "NOT AWARE." Luzon showed a positive response in the implementation of INSET, but in the Visayas, the majority are not satisfied with how the training was conducted. The education system of the Philippines will continue to suffer if there is no fixed standard for INSET and reflected in numerous local and international assessments. Evaluation is the key to identify the advantages and disadvantages of INSET. Furthermore, to increase interest and participation among teachers, hands-on activities and current trends are suggested for the themes. School heads adopt the Lesson Study approach in implementing INSET activities.

Ahmad Jauhari Hamid Ripki   Sylviana Murni   Mochamad Wahyudi   Suryadi Suryadi   Burmansah Burmansah   Ayu Wulandari   and Sisca Cletus   

Background of this research was regarding the problem of the development of management in educational institutions in the aspect of learning management. Teacher creativity was an essential problem that often faced by many educational institutions. The problem of teacher creativity brought influence to the learning process, which could not be done effectively and efficiently because of lacking of competencies and skills, so that the teachers did not become creative and innovative. Many factors could increase teacher creativity, one of factors could increase was to implement the transformational leadership of the leaders in the school. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact on transformational leadership of school leaders perceived by school teachers to their creativity so that they can develop their creative behaviors to tasks, new ideas, innovations, and creations that could be potential to achieve the goals and values of the school organization well. This research used a causal survey method by using the path analysis technique. This study used the sample from 219 school teachers in 50 vocational high schools, which were selected using the Slovin formula. The result of the study reveals that there is a positive effect between the transformational leadership of the leaders and the creativity of the teachers in schools. The results of this research indicated there is a direct and positive influence of transformational leadership on creativity. Based on the conclusions, the results of this study can be used as recommendations to the leaders of educational institutions to serve as an effort to increase the creativity of teachers in their institutions.

Ezenma Chimezie Bernard   Onah Ifeoma Bernadine   Eze Blessing Ngozi   Onyemachi Chinedu Okechukwu   and Onyedimara Justina Prisca Amara   

The purpose of this study is to evaluate software and architectural design requirement specifications for developing an intelligent tutor system (ITS) for learning computer networking. This study adopted survey design with a total population of 73 computer lecturers and 16 software developers. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from lecturers and software developers. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to determine the appropriate software and architectural design requirement specifications for developing a tutor system for learning computer networking. It was observed that the enlisted software and architectural design requirement particularly for students are appropriate for developing an ITS for learning computer networking. Therefore, the proposed intelligent tutor system to be developed will provide and allow computer education students to improve their computer networking knowledge. Thus, improving learners' performance and cognitive development reduce time for the student to acquire skills and knowledge and bridge the gap of face to face interaction between lecturers and students, which will equally improve self-pace learning.

Abd. Aziz   Nadia Roosmalita Sari   Annas Ribab Sibilana   Muniri   and Surahmat   

This study aims at improving student learning achievement using flip chart medium design based on cooperative learning method. To prove this goal, this study is focused on (1) knowing the effectiveness of learning media (flip chart) applied to thematic subjects for grade 2 elementary schools in Rejotangan District on student learning outcomes; (2) finding out whether there is an influence of the use of flip chart learning medium on the thematic subjects learning outcomes of grade 2 elementary school students in Rejotangan Districts. The population of this study was 12 elementary school institutions in Rejotangan, Tulungagung subdistrict, by setting 4 schools as samples which were divided into 2 schools as experimental classes (flip chart learning design) and 2 schools as control classes (conventional learning). The sample selection is done using a simple random sampling technique and the data analysis techniques carried out descriptively and inferentially. The results of this study indicate that flip chart learning medium based on cooperative learning method can be said to be quite effective in improving student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by using the N-Gain Score test with a significance level of 62%, while conventional media is not effectively applied to thematic subjects with a percentage of 8%. Furthermore, Mann Whitney test results show that the significance score is 0.00. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a positive influence on the use of flip chart learning medium on learning outcomes in thematic subject of grade 2 elementary school in Tulungagung subdistrict. The results recommend that using cooperative learning with flip chart as a medium is very effective in improving student learning outcomes on thematic subjects of elementary schools lower graders.

Meryana Benly   Badrun Kartowagiran   Luh Sukariasih   and Suritno Fayanto   

This study proposes to analyze the differences in learning outcomes of pupils, who learn cooperative learning models of group investigation and conventional learning. The research sample consisted of class Xa (30 people) who learned the cooperative learning model of the group investigation model and class Xb (30 people) taught using conventional learning models with the topic of learning is basic electronic (capacitors). The sampling technique uses random sampling with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection techniques consisted of written tests, observation sheets and documentation. Meanwhile, research instrument used achievement test (objective criteria) in the form of multiple-choice questions that comprise as many as 25 of the given level (C1), understanding (C2) applying (C3) and analyzed. Students' test results were analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential statistical data analysis. The analysis results obtained that there is a difference of learning outcomes between the experimental class and a control class with an average of 80.8 to 69.6 for the control class and experimental class. From the analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control classes based on the N-gain value. So it can be concluded that the group investigation learning model does not have a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes.

Joanna Bunga Noah   and Azlina Binti Abdul Aziz   

Graduates of higher education institutions (HEIs) should not only graduate with hard skills but also soft skills. Therefore, it is the responsibility of HEIs as platforms to provide sufficient holistic skills to their graduates so they may perform well at their future workplace. Despite that, graduates are still deemed lacking when it comes to soft skills. The same goes for trainee teachers, as having soft skills is a pertinent aspect as future educators, even for Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) graduates. This paper aims to discuss the role of HEIs in developing soft skills of their TESL graduates. This study applied a mixed methodology via questionnaires and interviews to investigate the respondents' soft skills development which are, (a) critical thinking and problem-solving skills, (b) entrepreneurial skills and (c) moral and professional ethics based on their TESL program. The research findings showed that the respondents perceived the program generally to sufficiently develop their critical thinking and problem solving, entrepreneurship and moral and professional ethics skills as an outcome from the TESL program. However, improvements could be made to the TESL program in order to enhance their development of soft skills so to further improve the quality of teaching and learning and also aid employability. The findings are believed to be useful for future curriculum development of TESL programs in HEIs to consider the ongoing needs of stakeholders like schools when redesigning the curriculum of Teacher Education program.

Nurliyana Bukhari   

This paper compares two "Testing Application" chapters of the 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (hereinafter, Standards), jointly published by the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). The two chapters are Chapters 10 and 12 of the Standards: "Psychological Testing and Assessment (PTA)" and "Educational Testing and Assessment (ETA)". It specifically aims to raise some overarching issues related to these chapters. An in-depth comparative analysis was conducted based on specific similarities of and differences between these two chapters. Both PTA and ETA cover the background of and standards regarding test administration, score interpretation, and the use of scores. However, PTA focuses more on test selection and test security, whereas ETA covers more on the test design and development. The overarching issues, questions, and concerns related to both chapters are discussed along with the results of the analysis. The paper concludes with a description of the differences between the two chapters from the current 2014 Standards and those of the previous 1999 version along with some plausible explanations for such discrepancies. The summary and analysis may be useful to test users and graduate students from the psychology and education fields whose interests revolve around testing and assessment practices.

Nataliia I. Melnyk   Valentyna M. Vertuhina   Liubov V. Artemova   Oksana O. Avramenko   and Nataliia M. Pavlushchenko   

Government management plays an important part in each branch of social activity and influence on its quality as well. It has a very essential importance in the sphere of professional education. The governmental initiations in teachers' professional education have a great influence not only on quality but also on standards and qualification and models of getting the profession as well. The purpose of this article is to show how the governmental management initiations in preschool teaching professional education make the profit for its quality, development, and improvement. The governmental management of preschool teachers' professional training, qualifications requirements to preschool teachers is important for the standardisation of qualification framework of preschool teachers and preschool teachers' professional education system functioning in different European countries are presented as progressive practices for effective preschool teachers' professional training. These practices of government management are analysed from the perceptivity of implementation into Ukrainian system of pedagogical education. The investigation of the progressive practices of preschool teachers' professional training in Western European countries allowed us to distinguish three directions of this experience implementation into Ukrainian higher pedagogical education system. The directions are divided into the levels such as improvement: governmental, institutional and procedural. The studding of progressive European experience also forms the basis for the development of The New Conception of preschool teachers' professional training in Ukraine, thus the authors emphasise the necessity of systemic comparative investigation of different aspects of this experience and point out the organisational and methods aspect require the comparative analysis, which will be the next step of the complex study.

Ma'rufi   Muhammad Ilyas   Salwah   and Agustan Syamsuddin   

This paper presents the process and the results of the development of a mentoring model based on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and lesson study, called the ADD-CoRE model, which is valid, practical, and effective. This was Research and Development research. This model was developed through the collaboration between the lecturers at Mathematics Education Study Program and junior high school mathematics teachers in Palopo City. The specific goal of this study was the availability of the ADD-CoRE model syntax, supplemented by supporting tools, namely the model book and the textbook. The ADD-CoRE model development process consisted of four phases, namely the initial assessment, the design, the realization, and the testing, evaluation, and revision phase. The components included in the model were: syntax, social system, the principle of reaction, support system, instructional impact and accompaniment. Field trials were carried out three times at three junior high schools in Palopo City. The results of the development of the teacher mentoring model based on PCK and lesson study (ADD-CoRE models) met the validity criteria, as indicated by the validator assessment results. It also fulfilled the practicality criteria based on the teachers' responses, the model implementation, and the PCK teacher observation results. Besides, it satisfied the effectiveness criteria based on students' responses, students' activities in learning, and students' learning outcomes for the topic of polyhedra. The ADD-CoRE model syntax consisted of six phases, namely: (a) Analyzation, (b) Direction, (c) Demonstration, (d) Collaboration, (e) Rotation, and (f) Evaluation. This research is expected to be a mentoring model for teachers and prospective teachers to improve the quality of learning.

Luh Sukariasih   La Tahang   La Ode Nursalam   and Suritno Fayanto   

Good physics teaching in secondary schools and colleges emphasize problem-solving. Although students are effective in conventional tests of problem-solving, there is evidence that they have little or no comprehension of basic concepts. There are two (2) reasons that justify the claim that solving plays a broad role in the physics curriculum at most levels of education, namely problem solving can facilitate students learning physics and physics can assist students in developing the skills needed to solve problems in the real world. This study aims to provide a description of the physics problem-solving ability of Halu Oleo university physics education students on static fluid material. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive study with research subjects in 4 classes of physics education students at Halu Oleo University. The research instrument and data collection made in the form of problem-solving essay test questions given to 120 students from 4 classes. The material of the investigation took one of the topics, namely static fluid. The problem-solving assessment consists of a useful description, physics approach, specific application of physics, mathematical procedures, logical progression adopted from the research of Docktor et al. 2016. The results of the analysis found that in the four classes that were tested on conceptual problem-solving tests, the average of all students were in the useful description category. In other words, students could only translate and organize information from problems into appropriate and useful representations, and summarize the essence of the information provided symbolically, visually and in writing. As for the category of physics approach, specific application of physics, mathematical procedures, logical progression that are in the low category are still weak.

Rose R. Andrade   and Allen E. Pasia   

Developing a creative individual is one of the goals of the mathematical education system. Mathematical creativity is viewed as a product and a process. Likewise, this varies among individuals. The current study focuses on creativity in mathematics, particularly in problem-solving of the pre-service mathematics teachers in a state university in Laguna. The researchers attempted to describe the level of mathematical creativity of these pre-service teachers based on its different domains: fluency, flexibility, and originality. To measure the level of mathematical creativity of the pre-service teachers, they solved a set of non-routine problem-solving tasks presented to them. It revealed that this group of pre-service mathematics teachers have a moderate level of fluency and flexibility but a low level of originality. This finding means that they followed step-by-step solutions to derive the correct answer to the problem. However, they tend to stick to the same and usual strategies to solve the problems. This further showed that the overall level of mathematical creativity of the respondents is moderate. Findings reveal that age has no significant relationship with the level of mathematical creativity. At the same time, academic achievement significantly relates to fluency and originality as mathematical creativity measures. It is found that males and females do not significantly differ in their level of mathematical creativity. Thus, it is firmly believed that mastery of various mathematical concepts and applications of different problem-solving strategies has yet to be developed among pre-service teachers in order to attain higher levels of mathematical creativity.

Obby Taufik Hidayat   Ahmad Muhibbin   Wibowo Heru Prasetiyo   Yulianto Bambang Setyadi   Hermi Yanzi   Rizky Drupadi   Jack McGregor Johnstone   and Jagad Aditya Dewantara   

In a globalized world, young people are expected to have critical thinking and communication abilities, such as collaboration and technological skills. Both skills are imperative to equip them to participate in an international environment. However, due to a lack of early childhood education, youths in Indonesia also have less innovativeness and competency. This study aims to discover an ethical culture that enhances early childhood education by using the concept of local wisdom. This research was conducted in one of the Indigenous communities in Indonesia which were the Sundanese Community in Cireundeu, West Java. The qualitative approach used the descriptive method and revealed the consciousness of the Indigenous people in Cireundeu to engage in traditional Sundanese cultural practices by preparing their children to become ethical human beings, as well as being productive and informed global citizens. The results show that the community has implemented decent early childhood education, which is designed to prepare youths who actively engage as global citizens. The implementation of this study can be applied not only to children in Cireundeu but also to children all over the world.

Bassmah B. AlTaher   

Students studying different levels of English require special attention in a higher educational classroom, especially when such levels are part of a university requirement and are not treated with the same focus as specialty courses. Hence, the aim of this study is to implement a teaching method that uses multicultural videos throughout an English level course to enhance student learning. This paper uses a survey approach given to students of different majors registered in two English levels at the German Jordanian University. In total, 53 students have responded. Ordinal scales are used through descriptive statistics analysis with a frequency check of the demographic data. Cronbach's alpha is calculated for each section of the survey, proving a valid consistency of three dependent variables. DV1 α = 0.935, DV2 α = 0.930, and DV3 α = 0.921. A one-way ANOVA test was then used in order to interpret the relationship between the independent variable: multicultural videos, and the three dependent variables. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between multicultural videos and their dependent variables, reflecting on how this particular method promotes inclusive teaching in a higher educational classroom, and can help students from different cultural and educational backgrounds participate and engage fruitfully. Through this study, the Universal Design for Learning is tested on higher educational students without disabilities but have debility of different educational and cultural backgrounds, making the need for a material source, such as multicultural videos, used to promote inclusive education, which is an important factor when teaching English as a foreign language.

Anatoly Vladimirovich Lubsky   and Anastasiya Andreevna Zaytseva   

The transformational processes in the field of higher education in Russia, associated with the introduction of new educational practices, actualize the importance of studying changes in the social behavior of university students. The main purpose of the study was to clarify the characteristics of the social behavior of university students, conditioned by external and internal factors. The methodological construct included synthesis of socially deterministic and neoinstitutional approaches, the theory of mental programs, the theory of generations, the value approach of M. Rokeach, as well as the activity-based approach to the study of social practices. Reforms in the higher education system in Russia, which were accompanied by the emergence of a new educational environment and excessive social inequalities, were studied as external factors. Mental programs were studied as internal factors, which included ideas about education as a terminal and instrumental value, attitudes and motives of practices. The research was based on the data of the authors' questionnaire survey of 382 students from 7 universities of the Rostov region. Identifying the features of the mental programs of university students and their educational practices made it possible to identify six types of social behavior of students in the educational sphere: traditional, career, pragmatic, traditional and career, traditional and pragmatic, and career and pragmatic. The analysis of the results allows drawing conclusions about the high readiness of students to new educational practices, which are still poorly implemented. At the same time, motivation depends on mental programs, and the educational practices themselves depend on the conditions created in universities. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists dealing with the issues of social behavior of students in the context of transformations of the higher education system.

Maria José Sá   and Sandro Serpa   

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has profound consequences on social, economic and cultural life worldwide, and is affecting, throughout the world, the regular functioning of educational institutions at all levels, with their temporary shutdown and the impossibility of face-to-face classes. This study aims to add to the analysis of the implications of this context in the reformulation of education shaped by the digital. To fulfill this goal, the authors carried out a document collection, and also mobilized their experience in the research and teaching of this topic. It is concluded that these unforeseen circumstances may be a key moment of opportunity for reformulating teaching, with the implementation, development and dissemination among teachers and students of digital technologies in shaping a society that is, itself, increasingly digital, notably Society 5.0. To this end, and as main implications, the agents of the educational process, teachers and students, due to their traits and various reasons, will have to prepare for student-centered learning through the intentional and sensible mobilization of digital technologies in a complex process, in which each agent will be, ultimately, a critical content creator with enhanced digital literacy. In the contemporary digital society, the school needs to reinvent itself, which is even more pressing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Aspects such as training, internet access infrastructure, hardware and software, digital literacy, and students and academics' teaching and learning strategies are essential. The school offers, thus, a critical contribution to social cohesion and social equity through digital inclusion in education for sustainable development.

Dian Hidayati   and Wiyono Aji Saputra   

By the end of 2019, the Covid-19 virus was causing concern around the world. It quickly claimed Indonesian government attention – especially as the government was already anticipating a spread of online education technology around the world that was already underway. The Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture appealed to educators for help in the creation of online programs. Researchers have tried to assess the ability of Indonesian tertiary level students to adapt to and implement online education technology. Several Indonesian universities participated in this survey. A Likert 5 item questionnaire is using to construct a "TRI" index (Index of technological preparedness). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics. Results suggest that many tertiary-level students happily agree to online lectures. Respondents were in happy agreement that online education removes inhibitions of time and distance. However, there were quite a several students who expressed anxiety at being unable to connect with necessary networks at specific times of the day. This level of insecurity in the students is different from and separate from any other feelings of dissatisfaction with the course of lectures provided.

Suranto   Harsono   Intan Putri Hapsari   and Rinika Windra Puspita   

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using Edmodo-based Flipped Classroom learning model in improving student learning outcomes in economic subjects at the high school level. The research method used was quantitative with quasi-experimental research. The research design used pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study was all students of class X Social Sciences in senior high school at SMA Negeri 3 Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling was done by probability sampling with class X Social Sciences 3 as the control class and class X Social Sciences 4 as the experimental class. Data collection techniques used were tests and observation. The researchers used independent sample t-test to analyze the data. The results showed that there were differences in student learning outcomes in the control class and in the experimental class. The difference can be seen from the average post-test value of the control class 62.43, while the average post-test value of the experimental class was 70.00. The t-test results also showed the value of t count 3.633 was > than t table 1.955, and the significance value was 0.001 <0.05. Our evidence suggested that economic learning using Edmodo-based Flipped Classroom learning models could more effectively improve student learning outcomes compared to learning with conventional systems.

Erenestina Gjergji Halili   and Eljon Doçe   

The school theatre is, above all, a dramatic laboratoric experience of the texts, which usually comes into contact through reading. The dramatic laboratory is seen as a potential method for updating the creative expression of the students, for their decoding ability of the dramatic, classic and modern texts but also is seen as an effective pedagogical and didactical strategy and methodology, which has turned out to be very successful. As it will be mentioned in this paper, the process of dramatization, accompanied with the method of the reading (the table process), the reflection and the consciousness has stimulated other qualitative processes of the mastery of the material, such as language as a symbol; the theatrical play as a performance and as body language; the interaction and the communication through the respect of the ethnic and cultural diversities. The technological developments, which was applied from us into Desktop Theatre is a methodology of the virtual presentation and has increased the interest and the attention of the public, which comes from the university sphere and a broad type of public. It is worth emphasizing that "The Drama Club" is a unique type of club in the whole Albanian university system, and it also has an international recognition and was the first club that has brought for the first time into focus learning through theatre as well as the presentation of the dramatic works, which are staged for the first time by this club.

Darsinah   and Purwatiningsih   

This study aims to determine (1) the influence of educational background, years of service and training on the performance of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers, (2) the effective contributions of educational background, years of service, and training to the performance of ECE teachers, and (3) the relative contributions of educational background, years of service, and training to the performance of ECE teachers. This research belongs to a quantitative correlational study. The study population involved all ECE teachers in Banyudono District, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. Samples were taken by random sampling. Data on the educational background, years of service and training of the teachers were collected through documents. Teacher performance data were obtained using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique utilized a multiple linear regression. The study revealed the following findings: (1) simultaneously there was a significant influence between educational background, years of service, and training on the performance of ECE teachers, but partially the educational background had no influence on the teacher performance, (2) the effective contributions to teacher performance were 3.35% from the educational background, 18.73% from years of service, and 19.79% from training and (3) the relative contributions to the performance of teachers were 6.82% from the educational background, 48.18% from years of service and 43.19% from training.

Hazem Badarneh   Najwa Darawsha   Ahmed AL-Shoha   and Mareem Abdel Aal   

This study aimed at identifying the role of faculty members in developing a sense of patriotism amongst students at Jadara University and Jerash Al Ahlia from the students' point of view. The researchers adopted a descriptive approach. A questionnaire was used as a study tool. The study sample consisted of (707) students from both universities. The results showed that the faculty members had a very high significant role in developing a sense of patriotism among their students. The results also showed that there were differences attributable to (the gender, university, and college variable) and that there were also differences attributable to the variable "year of study" which came in favor of the second, third, and fourth year. Based on the results of the study, the researchers recommended enhancing the role of the faculty member in developing students' awareness of the importance of the sense of patriotism and its positive role on the security and stability of their nation and motivating students to adhere to financial obligations towards their country and its prosperity.

Azidah Abu Ziden   Muhammad Faizal Abdul Rahman   Fadzilah Amzah   and Adu Emmanuel Ifedayo   

Trainee teachers in Malaysia are encountering new development in the open market that requires skills of the 21^st century. This study thus investigated the skills of information, media and technology (IMT) among trainee teachers at a Malaysian university by exploring e-portfolio at Mahara@USM to improve IMT skills in the 21^st century. This study involved a quantitative method, which utilised questionnaires as a research instrument for data gathering activities. Also, a total of 265 trainee teachers were involved in this research for a seven-week intervention study. Using both descriptive and inferential statistics, this research data was analysed. In addition, the inferential statistics introduced in this study data analysis are t-test and ANOVA. These research findings have shown that trainee teachers possess the necessary IMT skills to prepare an e-portfolio. However, the findings of this research have shown that there is a significant difference in media literacy skills among trainee teachers from various majors. Trainee teachers and majors had no sign of information literacy skills in this enquiry. Additionally, there were no signs of information and communication technology skills among the trainee teachers and majors. This study contributes to the existing literature on 21^st century IMT skills for trainee teachers. This research fills the gap that exists due to global changes in IMT capabilities in the need for a pedagogical paradigm shift.

Hafsat Aliyu Bada   Tengku Faekah Tengku Ariffin   and Hasniza Nordin   

This study investigates teachers' perception of their school leaders, in particular, principals' instructional leadership practices, and tests whether teachers' perception varies across gender. A version of the Hallinger and Murphy [35] Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) was employed and administered to 389 secondary school teachers in the North-Central geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The descriptive statistics show that there is a reasonable level of engagement of Nigerian school principals with the three dimensions of PIMRS. Specifically, "defining school mission" was rated highest, while "developing a positive school learning climate" has the lowest rating. This means that teachers perceive defining school mission as the greatest instructional leadership behaviour of the principals. Similarly, there appears to be significant differences between male and female teachers' perceptions of principal's instructional leadership behaviour among the principals. This difference occurs for "Managing the instructional program". This study adds to the understanding of instructional leadership practices in Nigeria, which have been rarely explored.

Tea-Tereza Vidović Schreiber   Vlaho Kovačević   and Dodi Malada   

The aim of this paper is to present traditional nursery rhyme as a form easy to bring closer to children using the symbolic interaction method, through a presentation of the dance structure, which stimulates various activities. Nursery rhyme featuring text shown with movement, animation, and singing such as "Baby Shark" clearly indicates an additional arousal of certain meanings, sense and emotions in children. Therefore, nursery rhyme is shown in this paper as a general culture concept and a general context concept, which can be applied to encounters among individuals of different cultural or ethnic backgrounds. Regardless of the specifics of cultural background and the social situation involved, the nursery rhyme can become interculturally acceptable even in the context of the "new normality". Namely, employing an interdisciplinary approach within sociology, literature and kinesiology, the paper will show how "Baby Shark", in addition to games and content that is recognizable to children, e.g. role and position within the nuclear and the extended family, offers children, in moments of the global pandemic COVID-19, a sense of security at the level of recognizing the world of childhood which they belong to. If performed in a different environment, space, and context, this nursery rhyme can turn from a song with entertaining content to a song that raises morale, removes fear, and instills hope. Furthermore, showing children, as recipients, certain contents of the rhyme through movement results in an interaction of different meanings and a synthesis thereof into a new meaning with members of other (sub) cultures. This is additionally supported by the fact that this nursery rhyme, sang mostly in English, is very popular. However, due to the technologically more modern social communication model, because of which the rhyme is a part of "secondary orality", language barriers are broken both in the original rhyme and in a number of its versions.

Ching Ting Tany Kwee   

Australia has been facing an acute teacher shortage in the past decade. Many immigrant teachers were attracted to and landed in Australia as skilled labours. These highly-skilled talents have been facing hurdles both inside and outside the classroom. Some hurdles include difficulties in getting their qualifications accredited and recognised, discrepancies in classroom management and practices, as well as racism and discrimination. These factors, coupled with anxiety and depression, hampered them to continue their teaching career at their new home. Currently, there are a few research gaps in understanding immigrant teachers' career choices: unhelpful experience in portraying immigrant teachers as outsiders, incapability in examining factors influencing immigrant teachers' career choices diachronically and neglecting the change of immigrant teachers' self-perception from a ‘brain gain' to ‘brain drain'. This literature review aims at pointing out why self-efficacy in the Social Cognitive Career Theory is an essential guide to examine immigrant teachers' career choices and hence provide insight on solving the teacher shortage problem. Self-efficacy determines whether immigrant teachers are ready to enter or persist in a teaching career before taking action by examining how they postulate their professional development and career trajectories. It can investigate how different contextual and personal factors postulate their self-belief in restarting their teaching career successfully or failingly. Therefore, by examining the interplay between these contextual factors and how these contextual factors influence immigrant teachers' self-belief, it can provide insight on how to curb the teacher retainment problem effectively.

Abdul Majid   Arifin Ahmad   and Nurdin Arsyad   

This research aims to develop a valid mind mapping based advance organizer learning model (PAO PaPi Model) for senior high school students. The research question is whether the development of PAO PaPi mode is valid in terms of theoretical basis and learning model components. The research subjects were 33 students in Senior High School 20 Pangkep, Indonesia. The development procedure of PAO Papi Model was carried out by referring to the development model of Plomp [1] which consists of five stages, namely: (1) investigation, (2) design, (3) realization / construction, (4) testing, evaluation and revision, and (5) implementation. The research product is the PAO PaPi Model. The component model developed refers to Joyce, et al. [2]. Characteristics of the developed model refer to Arend (2012), and product quality criteria refer to Nieeven (2007). Validation data analysis refers to Nurdin (2007) and Asdar (2013). The instrument reliability percentage used the concept of percentage of agreements by Grinnell (1988) in Nurdin (2007). The results showed that the PAO PaPi model was valid in terms of the supporting theories and components of the model.

Abdul Halim Abdullah   Soh Hon Mun   Mahani Mokhtar   Zakiah Mohamad Ashari   Nurul Farhana Jumaat   Dayana Farzeeha Ali   Norazrena Abu Samah   and Muhammad Sani Abdurrahman   

Data Handling is an important topic in the Mathematics Primary Curriculum as it brings the real world of seeing data to students. However, the assessments of PISA and TIMSS indicated that the level of Malaysian students' performance and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Data Handling is declining. Thus, this study was designed to develop active learning instructions using smart board (ALuSB programme) and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing HOTS among Malaysian students in Data Handling. The study was carried out in two stages; the design and development of ALuSB programme stage based on ADDIE model and the evaluation stage to see the enhancement of HOTS in Data Handling. The research design adopted for this study was a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent control group. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected for analyses. The quantitative data was analysed using One-way ANOVA to evaluate the mean differences between the treatment groups whereas a post hoc test was further used to determine precisely which mean differences were significant and visa-versa among all the three groups. Additionally, the qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings in this study indicated that ALuSB programme has the potential to improve students' performance and HOTS in Data Handling. Students also demonstrated increase in their ability to carry out a procedure, differentiate and organise data, make judgments and create a table or graph, making the ALuSB programme suitable to be applied in schools as it can effectively help students to enhance their HOTS.

Mustaffa Bukhari   Radziah Mahmud   and Nor Suhailati Abdul Manan   

University students are continually engaged with and exposed to information technology particularly social media for various motives. They spend their daily activities substantially on social media due to the availability of mobile devices and accessibility to internet that make utilizing social media more convenient. Due to inconclusive empirical evidence on the impact of social media, this study investigates the impact of social media usage intensity on the academic performance of accounting students after considering the students' personal attributes such as proficiency, gender, semester and ages differences. Adopting quantitative approach, questionnaire survey was distributed to accounting students in Melaka state and data from 113 accounting students were gathered. The result suggests that social media usage intensity has negative impact on students' performance. With regards to students' attributes, proficiency, gender and semester have impact on their performance. However, the findings may be different if the respondents come from rural areas. Thus, future research should address latest social media platforms in different regions and fields. This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge on social media usage and provide guidance to academics in adopting social media as part of teaching and learning activities in enhancing accounting students' performance.

Norasmah Othman   and Nur Sa’adah Mohd Hisam   

Entrepreneurship is a field being focused on by all educational institutions, including polytechnic institutions. Various plans and strategies have been designed to encourage the involvement of students in entrepreneurship. Until now, it has been reported that students' participation in entrepreneurship, particularly the polytechnic students, is less than satisfactory. This study aims to identify the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention levels among polytechnic students who have been actively involved in entrepreneurship education programs, compared with those who have never had any similar involvement. This study randomly distributed survey questionnaire to 317 polytechnic students across Malaysia. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results showed that students who have been involved in entrepreneurship courses have a higher level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy compared to students who have never received entrepreneurship education. However, the level of entrepreneurial intention is high regardless of involvement in entrepreneurship education. Meaning, there is no significant difference in the level of entrepreneurial intention after graduating from a polytechnic institution based on students' involvement in entrepreneurship education. The findings can serve as a guideline for policy makers, curriculum developers, and polytechnic educators to improve existing plans and strategies so that they are more relevant to current needs.

Anastasiia Kapliienko   

The modern educational paradigm is changing the approach to teacher training, including future speech therapists. Under the new conditions, the ability of a teacher to work in a team is of great importance. And in the field of inclusive education, in general, the success of tasks depends on the close interaction of all specialists. Therefore, this study is devoted to the study of the readiness of pedagogical staff (future speech therapists) to interact on the context of inclusion. The results of an experiment to analyze the awareness of future speech therapists of teamwork in an inclusive learning environment are presented. It is noticed that despite the powerful scientific and methodological arsenal of various techniques, future speech therapists are not ready for cooperation in a team. In this regard, the need to organize special work to improve the readiness of future speech therapists to work in an inclusive educational environment is emphasized. To this end, methodological ways of preparing future speech therapists to work in a team have been identified, in particular, team interaction training has been developed and tested, and according to which 85% of the experiment participants have increased their level of preparedness for team interaction in the context of inclusion from medium to high.

Edmar E. Indefenso   and Alberto D. Yazon   

The study aimed to identify the correlation of numeracy level and mathematics problem solving ability to the respondents' financial literacy. The correlational research design was used in the study with the scores on the numeracy level and mathematics problem solving skills of the respondents, which were correlated to the scores on financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitude as the domains of financial literacy. There were 563 grade 9 and 10 respondents from Masaya Integrated National High School (MINHS) and Laguna Science Integrated High School (LSIHS). Data were collected using the validated instrument to measure the given variables. This instrument reported an overall reliability index of α = 0.94. The statistical tools applied for the treatment of data gathered were frequency, percent, mean, and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coefficient. The study found out that the respondents have an average level of numeracy, problem solving ability, and financial literacy. The findings revealed that there is a significant and positive correlation between numeracy and financial literacy. Similarly, it was revealed that a substantial and direct relationship between problem-solving ability and financial literacy exists. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that financial literacy may complement mathematics subject. The school and stakeholders may collaborate in providing number of training for teachers to help sustain student numeracy, problem-solving ability, and financial literacy.

Wan Ab Aziz Wan Daud   Wong Kung Teck   Mohammad Taufiq Abdul Ghani   and Saipolbarin Ramli   

The language acquisition is one of the most important criteria that contribute to the measurement of language proficiency for students and the objectives of teaching of Arabic in Malaysia are currently based on the Standard Arabic Curriculum, which focuses on mastery of the four language skills. However, the inability to master the four language skills is still very significant. This occurs due to the fact that students only learn Arabic to pass the exam and that learning strategies applied to the students are less interactive and effective which led to demotivate the student to continue the learning process. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mobile learning towards motivation in learning Arabic language proficiency. The research focuses on analysing the participants' motivation regarding the education of Arabic language in particular, via mobile learning. The attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) model shaped the comprehension of the effect of education through mobile app towards the motivation of the respondents. A total of 273 participants in Malaysians Higher Institutions used mobile learning for Arabic language proficiency during teaching and learning process. After this, they will complete the motivation questionnaire. The results showed that attention, relevance, satisfaction, and confidence motivational factors had a significant impact on student's motivation to learn Arabic through mobile app. Hence, this study contributes to the significant empirical results on the effectiveness of the integration of ARCS model in mobile app for learning Arabic language.

M. Habibi   Sukirno   Taufina   Elfia Sukma   Ari Suriani   and Rafhi Febryan Putera   

Narrative writing learning material in the fourth grade thematic books Curriculum 2013 in Indonesia does not have appropriate writing steps. This causes the learning process to write narrative texts is not carried out properly. Therefore a solution is proposed by developing narrative writing teaching materials based on direct writing activity strategy. This type of study is Research and Development using the ADDIE model. The research data consisted of validity data, practicality data, and effectivity data. The result showed that the validity score of teaching material was 3.79 by category highly valid. The learning process of narrative writing had a score of 3.63 by category very good. The student response score for teaching material was 3.81, while the teacher's response score was 3.78. The mean of the experimental class learning outcomes was 85.27, while the mean of the control class learning outcomes was only 72.64. The statistical test proved a significant difference in the teaching material for narrative writing developed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the teaching material for narrative writing using direct writing activity is valid, practical, and effective to use.

Erlina Istiningsih   Suyatno   and Widodo   

The study aims to explain the implementation of academic supervision to improve teachers' readiness in utilizing information and communication technology. The implementation includes several aspects, such as planning, implementation, and evaluation of academic supervision. The research is a qualitative type with a case study approach. The subjects are the headmaster and teachers in SMK Muhammadiyah Karangmojo. The data were gathered through observation, interview, and documentation. They were then analyzed by reducing, displaying, and drawing a conclusion. The research has three findings. First, the supervision program is arranged by the headmasters, consisting of the supervision instruments emphasizing the use of digital learning media by the teachers. Second, the teachers have utilized various and attractive digital communication media, allowing the students to be more active and creative during the learning process. In implementing the program, the main obstacle encountered by the headmasters is related to the teachers, in that the senior teachers are reluctant to learn to use information and communication technology. Besides, a low internet connection becomes another impediment that occurs if the school members use it at the same time. Third, the evaluation and follow-up were carried out by facilitating the teacher forum (MGMP) at school and sending the teachers to follow the training and education program to increase the literacy in information and communication technology. The findings prove that the supports of the headmaster as the top leader through academic supervision help teachers improve their readiness in utilizing the technology in the classroom.

Dhinuk Puspita Kirana   and Yazid Basthomi   

This study aimed to analyze the vocabulary size and mastery level of English department students. The present study employed a descriptive-quantitative research design. The subjects of the study were the first, third, and fifth semester students majoring in English language education at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo. Three-hundred and nineteen students participating in this study were given the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) to measure their English vocabulary size. The findings of the present study reveal that the students only knew about 1,366-word families. The result was still below the threshold, as suggested by the scholars. The findings also show that the participants had a very low mastery level. They did not even master the 2,000 or 3,000 high-frequency word level. It can be concluded that the participants had low vocabulary proficiency. The results of the study suggest that the future research is needed to focus on investigating vocabulary learning and instructional strategies that are effective in developing the students' high-frequency words and academic words.

Diajeng Tyas Pinru Phytanza   and Erick Burhaein   

This study aimed to determine the significant effects of tenure, teacher certification, and work motivation on the performance of special needs teachers. It was a quantitative research with a correlation research design. The study used a random sampling technique with 45 Special Needs teachers with the age range of 35-50 years. Dealing with the data collection technique, the researchers used a questionnaire for work motivation, a documentation sheet for teacher certification and job tenure, and an observation sheet for teacher performance. The data was analyzed using a product-moment correlation test with the help of SPSS version 24. The results show that: 1) there is a significant effect of job tenure on Special Needs teacher performance; 2)there is a significant effect of teacher certification on Special Needs teacher performance; 3) there is a significant effect of work motivation on Special Needs teacher performance; and 4) there are significant effects of job tenure, teacher certification, and work motivation on Special Needs teacher performance. The research has a practical implication; Special Needs teacher performance must be supported by tenure, teacher certification, and work motivation. Further research should include other factors not mentioned in this study, which comprises of levels of education, teacher welfare, leadership, competence, work climate, and workers' compensation.

Yin Kun   Fatiha Senom   and Chew Fong Peng   

Under a hybrid theoretical perspective involving positive psychology (PosPsy) and ecological paradigm, this research attempts to explore the interrelationship between classroom environment and willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among EFL (English as a foreign language) learners in the normal universities in Shandong province, China. A survey method is used engaging a questionnaire comprised of demographic information and items on classroom environment and L2 WTC. The statistical analysis was conducted based on 128 returned questionnaires. The findings confirmed that the EFL students in Shandong normal universities perceived themselves as having a high level of L2 WTC and classroom environment. What's more, a statistically significant positive relationship that is moderately strong between L2 WTC and classroom environment was found. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis identified that teacher support is the classroom environment dimension that is a statistically significant predictor of L2 WTC. The fitness indexes of the proposed structural model achieved the fitness required for Ratio Chisq/df (Chi-square/ Degrees of Freedom), CFI (Comparative Fit Index), and RMSEA (Root Mean Square of Error Approximation) at an acceptable level. Hence, the proposed structural model was established for this research.

Muhammad Umar Isa   Yusri Bin Kamin   Yahya Ibn Salihu   Halliru Shuaibu   and Abdullahi Musa Cledumas   

Employability skills are essential skills needed in today's work place for effective employment sustainability. However, most graduates of woodwork technology at colleges of education (Technical) in Nigeria lacked employability skills and as such cannot be employed in the wood industry. Therefore, this paper seeks to determine effective strategies for enhancing woodwork technology education student's employability skills through project-based learning (PoBL) at COET in Nigeria. Three research questions and four hypotheses were posed for the study. The study population comprised 67 respondents for the quantitative part and 7 participants for the qualitative part involving WTE lecturers at COET in north western Nigeria. Data for the study were collected through structured questionnaire and interview protocol, and analyse using SPSS version 24 to process the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test for the questionnaire, while NVIVO 12 was used to transcribe the interview. Findings from the study revealed that most elements of employability skills are not embedded into the curriculum of WTE. The findings also revealed that through effective implementation of PoBL, engaging students in activities that could enhance their creativity, critical thinking, communication skills and application of ICT in WTE teaching and learning, WTE student's employability skills will be enhanced.

Ruliah   Suyitno Muslim   Zulfiati Syahrial   and Andita Suci Pratiwi   

Learning systems based on traditional face-to-face approaches that are teacher-centered, often result in teachers not completing delivering teaching material due to time constraints. This has an impact on the unachieved learning goals that have been set. Instructional design plans that do not support the learning process are carried out effectively, exacerbating this situation. This paper proposes an instructional design model that integrates a Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) model based on a combination of Tutorial models and Drill and Practice models, to support the learning of Database Systems in information technology colleges in Indonesia. Unlike the interactive CAI model which is generally desktop based, this paper proposes a CAI model with a web-based interactive learning system and is connected to external learning resources. These external learning resources provide resources relevant to the theme of learning to enrich students' insights in developing learning concepts, so that they truly become an effective medium for independent learning, anytime and anywhere outside of formal learning time. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method, consisting of three main stages: system requirements analysis, system development, and formative evaluation. Formative evaluation involves expert validation, one-on-one student evaluations, and field trials to test the effectiveness of instructional designs. Instructional design development refers to the basic model developed by Dick and Carey, but modified in the Learning Strategies section. The average value of the results of the validation of experts (media experts, instructional design experts, and content experts) to the instructional design products developed reached 82.6%. This value indicates the instructional design product in the appropriate and effective categories of use. Student responses to students' one-on-one evaluations and field trials show that instructional design products developed are appropriate for students to use to learn independently and be actively involved in the learning process, with average grades (attractive appearance, friendly use, and presentation material) reached 84.2%, while the average level of mastery of students in certain areas of competence reached more than 95%.

Pratiwi   and Lucia Sri Istiyowati   

Learning in mathematical subjects such as calculus, engineering mathematics, statistics, discrete mathematics, numerical methods, etc., is necessary for proper learning so students understand well. In this study, the lecturer will improve the pedagogical process, which involves at least three aspects of the process: construction, reflection, and communication. The simulation method is a learning method that is done by giving students aspects of construction and reflection. The game method supports aspects of communication and reflection because it makes students motivated by learning in different atmospheres, conditions and enthusiasm. The two methods are combined and supported by the use of mathematics information and communication technology (ICT) learning processes. The learning model uses simulations and games because the learning process during teaching and learning activities that involve educators and students. The results of research at Faculty of Information Technology Perbanas Institute Jakarta students show that student motivation has increased in terms of attendance and enthusiasm in attending lectures and in evaluating student learning outcomes has increased in final exam result.

Lucia Sri Istiyowati   Zulfiati Syahrial   and Suyitno Muslim   

Nowadays the industry of Information Technology (IT) requires a lot of experts on programming but they find it is difficult to hire ones. On the other hand, universities produce many graduates in this field of programming. There is a gap or competency mismatch between computer science graduates/IT graduates with the competencies needed by industry. This phenomenon is a challenge for universities to produce graduates who have abilities that are in accordance with the standards or competencies needed by the industry. The challenge for universities is creating a competent, acceptable and highly competitive workforce by creating learning that can attract students to pursue their competencies. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of lecturers and professionals in the IT field about the competencies that must be possessed by a programmer through questionnaires distributed to industry and universities. The results of the study show that the competencies of programmers according to industry users, professionals and teaching lecturers do not have a big difference, which means that the learning objectives of programming in higher education are in line with what is desired by the industry as a graduate user. In addition to hard skills and soft skills, currently, a programmer also needs to have business skills.

Bahar   Basuki Wibawa   and Robinson Situmorang   

The Conventional instructional design methods using teacher-centered learning approaches provide few opportunities for students to be actively involved during the learning process. This process is not relevant to the characteristics of the Software Modeling course which ideally emphasizes student-centered learning. As a result, instructors cannot control the learning system efficiently, so students cannot reach the minimum competency standards planned in the learning design. In this work, we propose an instructional design model that integrates Problem-Based Learning (PBL) into the instructional deign of Software Modeling course. Three main elements of the PBL learning system model are proposed, namely: Elementary Curriculum that emphasizes the use of problems as the starting point of student learning; Element Group that emphasizes collaboration systems (group discussion-based learning); and Student Elements that emphasizes the Student-Directed Learning (SDL) system. The three main elements of PBL are applied thoroughly and proportionally to each particular learning topic in Software Modeling course. This concept is different from PBL concepts which have been widely applied as learning models, which do not apply the three main PBL elements to each learning topic. This concept is also designed to improve the weaknesses of the PBL model which only places individual learning in small portions, or even none at all. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method which consists of three main stages, namely: analysis of system requirements, system development, and formative evaluation. In formative evaluation we do the expert validation, one-to-one student evaluations, and small group evaluation to test the effectiveness of the system. The result of expert validation (related to content, instructional design, and media design) shows that the instructional media product based on PBL that is developed is very suitable to be used as a learning resource, with an average validation percentage of 83.2%. The students' responses to the one-to-one student evaluation and small group trials show that the instructional design products that are developed are feasible to make student actively involved during the learning process, with an average value (related to product display, Usability, and benefits aspects) reach 82.6%. The average level of mastery of students on certain topics reaches more than 96%.

Juwita R.   Siswandari   Joyoatmojo S.   and Wiranto   

School principals play an important role in developing high-performing schools. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, they need quality preparation and professional learning before their assignments. However, there are significant challenges to find out high quality people who are physically, mentally, and emotionally ready to join preparation training course. This study aims to examine the effect of the Online Matriculation Program (OMaPro) on the readiness of prospective school principals for Principal Preparation Training (PPT). A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used in the study, in which a total of 189 prospective school principals participated in the pretest and posttest of the first PPT cohort. 129 prospective school principals participated in both the pretest and posttest, with 99 students taking OMaPro before training, and with 30 who had never followed a matriculation program before training serving as the control group. The results of the study show that OMaPro positively influenced the cognitive, behavioral and emotive-attitude readiness of the participants. Unfortunately, the program cannot run in rural areas because of the lack of internet access. The results should be helpful for prospective school principals to prepare themselves before training, and also for education authorities and policy makers in order to maximize the training results and manage the training programs.

Mahyudin Ritonga   Asrina   Rizka Widayanti   Fitri Alrasi   Julhadi   and Syaflin Halim   

Arabic language learning, in Indonesia, is commonly addressed to those with Islamic Religion. However, there are several problems associated with learning this language in higher education institutions due to the mandated rule that students can learn it, irrespective of their religion. This research aims to reveal the institution's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats since the inclusion of the Arabic language in the higher educational institution's curriculum. A qualitative approach was conducted in this research equipped with the data sources of students, lecturers, and policy documents related to the curriculum establishment. The collected data were classified, presented, and interpreted before concluding. The result showed that the institution's strengths are the availability of lecturers with excellent Arabic language competences as well as a language and study center. In addition, by teaching Arabic, it creates more job opportunities for graduates. Meanwhile, the institution's weaknesses are lecturers' language incompetence in certain fields, which vary from different study programs or faculties. Furthermore, due to the location of the four different regencies, students from regencies are unable to utilize the provided facilities. In addition, the institution is faced with the possibility of losing prospective students that do not understand Arabic transcriptions.

Norsuhaidah Mohamad   Alias Masek   Zawani Zawawi   and Fatin Syazwani Mohd Zuki   

Students' active participation in-class activities such as group discussion, problem-solving and making decision might be associated with several predictors including previous experiences, knowledge, confidence, and gender. The purpose of this study was identifying the attitudes and motivation level towards student-centred learning approaches, including analysis based on gender. The sample is comprised of 299 engineering students (civil, electrical and mechanical engineering) from one of the higher education institutions in southern of peninsular of Malaysia. The instrument, a set of questionnaire comprised of three parts was used to collect the data; namely, part A demographic information, part B students attitude toward student centred learning, and part C, students motivation toward learning in students centred learning. The data were analysed using frequency, mean score, and standard deviation, as well as t-test. The result indicated a high score on attitude (M=3.95; SD=0.49) and motivation (M=4.16; SD=0.46) level in participating in student-centred learning activities. Also, there is no significant difference between gender for students' attitude and motivation to participate in student-centred learning activities. The implication is that student-centred learning activity implementation can be designed to emphasize on attitude and motivation factors, without considering gender factor to achieve active participation and effective learning.

Maria A. Gasilina   Natalya V. Litvinenko   Valentina A. Zebzeeva   and Altnay K. Mendygalieva   

The older preschooler forms long-term psychological mechanisms for activity and behavior that ensure social adaptation. Maladaptive behavior indicates a lack of social skills and requires timely correction. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively diagnose and correct maladaptive behavior in children of senior preschool age. At the ascertaining stage of the experiment, a set of techniques was applied that made it possible to diagnose the factors, manifestations and consequences of maladaptive behavior in older preschoolers. Cluster analysis allowed us to describe the characteristics of children in selective aspects. Statistical analysis revealed that 42.55% of all the older preschool children displayed maladaptive behavior. The diagnosed criteria of maladaptive behavior included assessing factors of maladaptive behavior, identifying manifestation of maladaptive behavior and determining unfavorable group sociometric status. They formed the basis for the development and implementation of remedial programs during the formative stage of the experiment. The programs are aimed at shaping socially adequate behavior in older preschoolers, forming a positive attitude towards enrolling in and attending school, preventing negative emotional states and informing parents about the signs of maladaptive behavior in children. As a result, comprehensive diagnosis and timely correction of maladaptive behavior in older preschoolers ensure their readiness for school.

Ismail A.   Mahusin M. B.   Asary L. H.   Zubir Z.   Masek A.   and Ahmad Dardiri   

Skilled labor is critical to create a high-income economy, and it can be done by providing a quality teaching in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. TVET includes not only abstract skills but also, most notably, practical skills, particularly for vocational students. In addition, students will also be qualified to be excellent at soft and interpersonal skills. Teaching practical skills is also a challenge for most trainers. Content knowledge is essential to support the practical training delivery. Therefore, teaching aids are found to be a practical solution to assist trainers to teach practical lesson. This paper focuses on the development of the Smart Window Air Conditioner Training Kit. It was designed and developed based on Analysis Design Develop Implement Evaluate (ADDIE) model which encompasses Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate. The kit has been evaluated and tested based on its design, functionality and practicality to be used in laboratory. The findings indicate that all five experts have agreed on the usability of this kit as a teaching aid for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) subject. Finally, 20 vocational students have been used to experience the training kit in their training session. The dimension of intention to use the training kit among respondents had been measured with M=4.48 (SD=0.53) which concludes that the student's intention to use this kit is high. This kit is important to HVAC program particularly in Installing, Servicing, Troubleshooting and Repairing Window Type Air conditioner.

Wardah Mustafa Din   Wahiza Wahi   Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki   and Rosilah Hassan   

Entrepreneurship Education is deemed as an essential element in Malaysia's quest to become a high income developed country. In doing so, the Ministry of Education has given emphasis on developing holistic, entrepreneurial and balanced graduates as one of the ten Key Focus Areas in the Malaysian Education Blueprint 2015-2025 for Higher Education. Hence, Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is made as a compulsory subject for undergraduates in The National University of Malaysia (UKM). New approaches and technologies are incorporated into the teaching and learning of EE in line with digitalization of learning. This paper reports on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning approach in EE course towards the knowledge and skills of the undergraduates. A pre and a post survey were distributed to the same set of students (n=1350), before the execution of the course and upon its completion. A paired-sample T test was done on the pre and post-test using SPSS. The analysis points out that there is no significant knowledge acquired by the students. However, there is a significant improvement of entrepreneurial skills which incorporate business ideation, marketing, sales and cash flow, and project management. The findings suggest that the new teaching and learning approaches are effective to enhance entrepreneurial skills among undergraduates. This should be a basis to further explore and improve the way EE is taught in UKM, so that both knowledge and skills can be gained by undergraduates, and thus producing entrepreneurial graduates as envisioned in the Malaysian Education Blueprint.

Duongdearn Suwanjinda   Suchin Visavateeranon   and Songpon Phadungphatthanakoon   

The purpose of this research is to see the effect of a mobile technologies-integrated cooperative instruction (MTICI) workshop for in-service science teachers upon teachers' perception and their students' understanding and satisfaction. The participants were 30 science teachers and 136 students. The research tools were as follows: 1) The MTICI workshop for in-service science teachers, 2) a teachers' self-assessment form on understanding about the MTICI 3) lesson plans focused on MTICI regarding the topic of rivers and water quality, 4) a test of students' understanding in the topic of rivers and water quality and the students' satisfaction questionnaire regarding the use of mobile technologies of the teacher. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis. The results showed that (1) the teachers who have participated in the workshop perceived the use of mobile technologies in the science classroom with the highest level of average understanding; (2) the students' post-understanding of the topic of rivers and water quality was significantly higher than their pre-learning counterpart understanding at the .05 level of statistical significance; and (3) the students' overall satisfaction of the MTICI was at a high level.

Muthoifin   Nuha   and Sudarno Shobron   

This study aims to uncover the basis used to construct the leadership trilogy in Indonesia, and examine it from Islamic education perspective, using a qualitative model with literature study. Meanwhile, data is obtained through written relics, both in form of books, journals and proceedings relevant to the subject. Furthermore, a historical, biographical and normative approach is used, and the data analysis techniques used are content, comparative and inductive. Based on the discussions, there are three bases used to construct leadership theory, and it is often referred to as the trilogy concept, which are ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. The meaning of these theories is "in front should set an example", "in the middle should take initiative and be cooperative" and "at the back should give support". This is relevant to the Islamic leadership concept such as Shiddiq, Amanah, Tabligh, and Fathonah. This research impact can be applied at different educational levels which expect visionary and Islamic teaching, as well as leadership. Furthermore, the novelty is exploring the style of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's thinking about the leadership trilogy contained in educational book, which until now has been a reference for Islamic education.

Suhendra Yusuf   

Most Moslem-Majority countries nowadays are still facing a low reading literacy rate of their population, even though the first verse revealed in the Quran speaks of the importance of reading in human life. This paper is aimed at portraying reading literacy in the Moslem world and identifying factors influencing this literacy attainment based on PISA studies. The descriptive-comparative analysis is used to depict the students' reading performance of ten Moslem-Majority countries participating in PISA. The result of this study is that most Moslem-Majority countries lag behind the average of OECD countries. Most of the students were not able to demonstrate the ability of the most fundamental knowledge and skills for the 21st century. Because reading literacy is the basis for self-development, the Moslem worlds face the tremendous challenge that less than one percent of students achieved high literacy levels; those are the ones who will live on in a global society; while the rest were at the lowest level who shall show solemn setbacks in applying this ability to extend their knowledge and skills. The factors influencing this ability are situated in the national and community contexts that shape home, classroom, and school activities in reading. This situation then affects the instruction and experiences in student's reading. The result of this comparison contributes to the improvement of education systems among the participating countries. This is also a warning that the Moslem worlds have identical educational problems to prepare the next Moslem generation for a better life facing the challenge of globalization.

Izzuddin   Asep Maulana   Titin Nurhayati Ma'mun   and Hashim Saleh Mannaa   

This research study seeks to conduct an objective investigation into the current curriculum applicable to written Arabic instruction and its overall design, to come up with improvements that positively impact students' writing skills. The primary inspiration for this study is the ideas of Adab and Humanities of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, consisting of objectives, content, methods, media, and evaluation. To accomplish these objectives, this study has utilized the research and development method, which happens to be a procedure used for developing and validating educational products. This method is based on the steps of analysis developed and established by Borg and Gall. This research study has been conducted based on three fundamental theories: Intentional interactions, cognitive theory, and competency-based language teaching. The findings revealed that the current curriculum applicable to written Arabic instruction had several faults: an extremely rule-oriented teaching program, lack of creativity in the teaching materials, usage of only markers and white boards as media, and an unhealthy focus on results. The developed Arabic curriculum has been proven to possess increased merits: providing learners with ample training for the application of language rules, attractive teaching materials, usage of several teaching methods, placement and achievement tests, and multimedia.

Amina Jangu Alhassan   

The Ghana 2007 educational policy aims to improve performance in the education sector. The current study is interested in investigating the provisions made for free and compulsory education in the Ghana 2007 educational policy regarding the Wa Municipality. The researcher believes that there is a gap between the provisions made and the extent to which the policy provisions has impacted on free and compulsory education in the Wa Municipality. Four research questions guided the research. A sample size of 350 members consisting of stakeholders of education in the Municipality was selected using purposive and simple random sampling. A questionnaire and an interview guide were designed and used to collect data over a period of eight weeks. Qualitative analysis was employed to analyze the data with an emphasis on thematic analysis and a little descriptive statistic. The findings showed that the provisions are implemented resulting in increased enrolment figures but not without significant challenges that are threatening the sustenance of the success so far achieved in the Municipality. Thus, members demonstrated that education at the basic level is free but not compulsory in the Wa Municipality.

Napajit Dusadee   and Pallop Piriyasurawong   

This was a document research study. Its objectives were (1) to study the virtual professional training process to develop digital teacher competencies and (2) to synthesize digital teacher competencies. The data were analyzed by using the content analysis technique. The results of the research revealed the following. Digital Teacher Competency consisted of 6 aspects as follows: Part 1, Using digital technology; Part 2, Data information and knowledge; Part 3, Communication and collaboration; Part 4, Digital content creation; Part 5, Integrating digital pedagogy; and Part 6, Ethics using digital technology. The form of the virtual vocational training community to develop digital teacher competencies consisted of 4 parts, which were the following: 1) Input, 2) Process, 3) Output, and 4) Feedback. We were able to assess the suitability of the Virtual Professional Training Community Model for Developing Digital Teacher Competencies with 9 experts in information and communication technology in education. The evaluation results revealed that the Virtual Professional Training Community Model for Developing Digital Teacher Competencies was formed. Part 1, the suitability of the virtual professional training process to improve digital teacher competencies, was very suit-able. The mean was 4.63 and the standard deviation was 0.56. Part 2, the suitability of the details of the virtual professional training process to develop digital teacher competencies, reached the most suitable level. The mean was 4.56 and the standard deviation was 0.65.

Sofiya Nikolaeva   and Oksana Synekop   

The study aims to investigate the possibility of using the Belbin Self-Perception Inventory (SPI) for the actualization of the social aspect of the language learning style in the differentiated English for specific purposes (ESP) learning of information technology (IT) students so as to determine the students' and teachers' attitudes to the use of Belbin's roles in the differentiated ESP instruction. To achieve the outlined aim, a mixed research design was employed which involved 180 university IT students and 10 teachers. For data collection we used the Belbin's SPI, students' self-assessment survey and ESP teachers' survey. The results showed that the students' team and functional roles were evident in each group, irrespective of the number of students in it. Communicative roles were found to be an integral part of functional, team, and social roles. Various interaction patterns were defined for students' functional roles. The findings suggested that in the context of social relations and the roles, the subject of a conversation, communicative behavior, professional knowledge, experience, and language potential of the interlocutors are different and reflect the specifics of the situation. To improve the students' communicative skills, three stages of role learning were suggested. The optimal group size for the differentiated ESP instruction was defined. The Belbin's roles were found suitable for groups of students with different English language proficiency levels. This study showed that the use of Belbin's approach to actualization of the social aspect of the language learning style in the differentiated ESP instruction can be effectively used in teaching IT students at university.

Muhammad Nasiru Hassan   Abdul Halim Abdullah   and Norulhuda Ismail   

Learning school geometry and development of geometric thinking skills required a careful selection of strategy, that provides collaborative learning behaviors, use of appropriate tasks, and materials. Thus, teaching and learning should be meaningful not just merely transmission and absorption. Hence opportunities should be given for students to experiment and discover learning experience by themselves. This study investigated the effect of instructional strategy (VH-iSTEM) designed to help in solving the problems of learning school geometry and develop students' geometric thinking skills. The strategy emphasized the learning of geometry based on the connections of the iSTEM (engineering design phase) with the van Hiele phase. A quasi-experimental, design was used in this study with a sample of 89 students divided into two experimental groups of 30 each (VH-iSTEM, and VH); and 29 students in the control group. Additionally, three students were randomly selected from each group for an interview. The qualitative results obtained revealed that the majority of the students at pre-interview were able to achieve complete acquisition of level one of thinking and that, six students achieve low acquisition of level two, with no acquisition of level three among three independent groups. Thus, after the intervention, only students in the VH-iSTEM learning strategy group achieved the complete acquisition of level one to level three of van Hiele levels. Two students achieved a lower acquisition of level three and that one student achieved the high acquisition of level two and level three in the VH group. No students achieved level three in the control group. This demonstrates that VH-iSTEM learning strategy can be applied in classroom instruction to help students achieve a higher level of geometric thinking.

Teoh Ci Xin   and Melor Md. Yunus   

One has to learn and master the four major language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing, to be deemed proficient and fluent in the target language. In relation, reading skill is an essential language component and effective reading will allow for successful linguistic input so that comprehension, the ultimate outcome of reading skill, can be attained. Before comprehension can be established, it is important for readers to first read fluently. However, learning to read in a second or new language is often quite a challenging task. It is even more demanding for children with reading difficulties. Thus, this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of the reading intervention - assisted repeated reading using graded readers - in improving the oral reading fluency of struggling elementary-aged readers learning English as a second language (ESL). This action research based study was carried out with 7 struggling ESL readers from a primary school in the period of 30 days. The findings collected from three different data collection methods revealed that the participants were able to read with higher accuracy in word recognition and faster reading rate with improved prosodic reading. With the positive outcomes gathered from this study, it can be concluded that assisted repeated reading using graded readers did improve the oral reading fluency of struggling ESL readers. Further suggestions on how assisted repeated reading with graded readers can be adapted and applied to improve the oral reading fluency of struggling second language readers were also given.

Reham Sahlab   Yasmeen Abu Mukh   Naela Mater   and Wajeeh Daher   

Field training is valuable for improving pre-service teachers' teaching skills. It bridges the gap between theory and practice in real classroom environment. This study uses phenomenological qualitative approach to investigate the influence of field training courses on social skills in teaching. The study was carried out in the first semester of the 2019-2020 academic year with a total of six pre-service teachers participating in a field course for 10 weeks. The pre-service teachers came from two different colleges of teachers' training. We used purposive sampling to choose the students. After interviewing the participants and videoing their lessons, we transcribed the interviews and observations. We used thematic analysis to code, categorize and find patterns related to the development of social skills for teaching. The research results showed that pre-service teachers who practiced teaching during field training have improved their social skills in teaching as a result of three conditions (1) classroom management, (2) teaching strategies and (3) supervisor's assessment. Pedagogic supervisors need to focus on these three issues in order to provide a fruitful environment for pre-service teachers' professional development.

Nalini Arumugam   Julina Munchar   Asha Latha Bala Subramaniam   and Sivajothy Selvanayagam   

This study, which investigates ways to enhance students' creative writing skills in the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) writing task, utilised a mixed method design. It comprised two phases: Phase One consisted of an experimental group who was given a writing pre-test before playing the game Figure it Out! four times with only one level of game cards. The group then attempted a written post-test. The students showed a marginal improvement in their performance; pre-test =11.5172 (m) and post-test =12.3966 (m). These students in the structured interview expressed joy playing the game despite finding it somewhat challenging due to insufficient exposure to creative language expressions. Phase Two consisted of experimental and control groups. This phase incorporated three different levels of game cards. The students in the experimental group had the opportunity to play all three levels of the game. Students in both groups sat for the pre- and post-tests and participated in the written task individually or in small groups. Creative language expressions were taught in a conventional classroom setting for the students in the control group. The students from the experimental group, however, played Figure it Out! six times. The results indicated that both groups improved in their post-test scores; the control group scored average means of 16.1471 in the pre-test and 17.8095 in the post-test. However, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the post-test (M=18.5294), p+.000 compared to the pre-test (M=16.1471). The students in the experimental group shared that the game (Figure it Out!) provided them the opportunity to use creative language expressions in the right context and setting.

Le Thanh Tung   and Tang My Ha   

Social networks and communication on the Internet have an important role in people's daily life worldwide. This paper examines the impact of Social network usage on the Academic performance of students. The research data were collected from a stratified sampling survey including 576 Vietnamese undergraduate students. The research model has five independent variables (Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influences, Facilitating conditions, Community identity), one mediating variable (Social network usage), and one dependent variable (Academic performance). The study methods include the Cronbach's alpha test, the Exploratory factor analysis, the Confirmatory factor analysis, and the Structural equation modeling are employed to quantitatively analyze the relationship among variables. The result finds that there are positive and significant impacts of Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influences, Community identity on Social network usage. The impact of Facilitating conditions on Social network usage is positive, however, it is not significant. The result also concludes that there is a positive and significant impact of Social network usage on the Academic performance of students. Besides, the empirical statistical data indicates that social networks are really a popular and familiar tool for helping students to communicate with each other in Vietnam. Finally, the study result suggests that educational managers may use social networks as an informal tool to enhance not only the academic performance of students but also other educational activities in universities.

Manu Singh   and Shivendra Shivam Singh Rathore   

This Research paper deals with the conditions of the education of children in India, the various schemes and policies carried out in providing education. How Elementary Education has developed in India? Attempts are made to find out the laws in the country, in which basic education finds the place in this respect nature and scope of Right to Education Act has been analysed. Education plans, policies and various Government schemes have been discussed. Paper examines and investigates the constitutional growth of Education with aims to achieve the goal of equal opportunity to all and social justice as enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution. Various articles inherent in the Indian constitution have been discussed. Judicial response to the need of the right to education has also been highlighted. Global Commitment for Compulsory Education has also been discussed with agenda 2030 which refers to the global dedication of the Education for all. Lastly, there is a conclusion and some suggestions. The certainty and promise RTE Act which shows up on paper should be fulfilled in its execution which is very defective. Despite the fact that several legislative enactments, judicial pronouncements, and many government schemes make effective implementation of elementary education, we are lacking behind to achieve the desired goals and to meet with an international commitment regarding compulsory education. In the same way, as other endeavoured social changes in India, this also needs to begin at the grass-root level and requires a boundless effort to make a difference in a deep-rooted mind.

Satien Janpla   and Pallop Piriyasurawong   

The objectives of this research were 1) to develop an Intelligent Multilevel Item Bank (I-MIB) Model for the National Evaluation of Undergraduates and 2) to assess the appropriateness of the I-MIB Model for the National Evaluation of Undergraduates. The results of the research were as follows: 1. The I-MIB Model for the National Evaluation of Undergraduates consisted of four parts: Input, Process, Output, Feedback. The Input consisted of 1. Curriculum, 2. Subject, 3. Topic, 4. Objectives, 5. Cognitive Skills, 6. Teacher, 7. Student, and 8. Program Designated Lecturers. The Process consisted of 1. Question Management, 2. Cognitive Skills Processing, 3. Data Mining, 4. Trial Testing, 5. Improving Questions, 6. Testing, 7. Proficiency Classification, and 8. Suggestions. The Output consisted of 1. Testing Report, 2. Proficiency Level, and 3. Suggestions. Finally, the Feedback consisted of returning the evaluation results to improve the input and process and yield accurate evaluation results. 2. The assessment of the appropriateness of the I-MIB model for the national evaluation of undergraduates included 13 experts with an expertise in ICT for education, information technology, computer science, and educational measurement and evaluation. The evaluation results found that the I-MIB model for the evaluation of national undergraduates was suitable at the highest level with a mean of 4.60 and a standard deviation of 0.58.

Ikmi Nur Oktavianti   Icuk Prayogi   Muhammad Akbar Amal B.   and Ripani Satia Pertiwi   

To achieve the purpose of successful language teaching, the materials should represent the actual use of English to equip learners with communicative skills. In fact, some research has shown that there are mismatches between conversations in textbooks and authentic conversations. Regarding the foreign status of English in Indonesia, it is compelling to further study the conversations in the textbooks enabling for the improvement of the materials. This study examines the characteristics and features of conversations in curriculum-based EFL textbooks for senior high school in Indonesia, namely Bahasa Inggris X, Bahasa Inggris XI, and Bahasa Inggris XII. To profoundly elaborate on this topic, this study identifies conversation features in the textbooks and compares them with characteristics of conversations in three corpus-based English textbooks, Touchstone 1, Touchstone 2, and Touchstone 3. The results show that there are some discrepancies between textbooks in Indonesia with the conversational features and with conversations in corpus-based textbooks. Indonesian EFL textbooks predominantly lack hesitation devices and the use of discourse markers is less varied. In terms of topics, Indonesian EFL textbooks are alike corpus-based textbooks; both focus on everyday topics. The other topics, however, remain problematic since Indonesian EFL textbooks insignificantly talk about school life and mostly talk about social topics and self-topics. Corpus-based textbooks, on the contrary, avoid social topics. These mismatches are inevitably questionable, as conversations in textbooks should exemplify the real conversational features. Pedagogically speaking, textbook writers should consider the naturalness of the conversations to support the EFL teaching practice in Indonesia.

Mehriban Hasanova   

Regular innovations in the field of learning technologies are being implemented with the aim of removing educational problems, flexible steps are taken to organize the learning process, and the content and methods of teaching are improved. The research highlights the main problems faced by Azerbaijani education and describes the author's methodological system that searches for their solutions. The purpose of the experiment was to develop the theoretical foundations for independent development of students' pedagogical competencies in the process of innovative activity and to exclude them from experimental verification. Initially, the working hypothesis of the study was formulated, favorable conditions for carrying out the experiment and universities to be experimented with were identified, and computerization was studied in two higher education institutions of the republic. Experimental and control groups were selected, in certain groups approximate equality of the students and the teachers' levels were provided, and the levels of the groups were learned in written and oral ways. Analysis of the results of the experiment has shown that the developed concept can be used in training pre-service and in-service teachers studying mathematics and computer science as it can improve the effectiveness of teaching in innovative activity.

Ergun Demirel   

As a result of technologic improvement, the shipping is rapidly changing. Digitalization and high level automation lead important changes in the operation of maritime business and subsequently the reconsideration of the role of seafarers. The shipping business becomes more technical and it demands highly skilled and specialized crew ready to embrace continuously evolving technology. The mission of the education institutes is not preparing the people for today but also for future requirements. It requires them to understand effect of digitalization on industry and adopt new programmes as well as benefits from IT technology to improve their teaching and learning methods. It is also necessary to establish a close cooperation and collaboration between industry and education institutes and evaluate missing points in the education system. A teaching system is required to rebound ability to learners to use information and understand abilities of automated systems. Traditional seafarer training is a part of applied science and focus on practical and cognitive skills. But since 1990s seafaring officer training reshaped to cover academic competencies to breed officers endowed with the ability to use highly improved technology. This study discusses how we can improve our education systems to prepare young seafaring officer for the future as well as how we can get benefits from the digitalization to appreciate our teaching and learning activities.

Tang Minh Dung   Vu Nhu Thu Huong   and Nguyen Thi Nga   

One of the difficulties of implementing STEM education in Vietnamese secondary school is the conflict between STEM education's interdisciplinary characteristics and the current monodisciplinary teaching in Vietnam. In this context, the paper mentions some scenarios from the collaboration of the teachers from different disciplines to develop and implement STEM education in high school, but these scenarios still retain the specific characteristics of each subject. Deriving from the ideas of the STEM product that is a spring scale, the teachers analyzed the program and textbooks to identify relevant knowledge. Then, applying the Engineering Design Process, two STEM lesson plans were designed and taught experimentally by a Mathematics teacher and a Physics teacher. For Mathematics, students collected data about the length of spring after hanging heavy objects. Then, working in the transformations between many functional registers like table, graph and algebraic expression, they found that the relationship between the length of the spring and the weight of the heavy object can be expressed by a linear function. For Physics, the experiment of measuring the displacement of the spring allows students to discover the invariants of the ratio between elastic force and the displacement of the spring (according to Hooke's law). In the end, the student successfully created portable spring scales in different ways. Therefore, these situations are proof to promote the natural science-subjects teachers' collaboration through the dominant perception as well as the contribution of each discipline in designing and implementing a STEM activity in the future.

Andayani   and Lalita Gilang   

The role of broad language may be implied in the increased role of the nation. The implications also can be seen in the role of the Indonesian language in the international area. This phenomenon is evidenced by the approval of that Indonesian language becomes subjects at 200 universities in ASEAN. However, there are some problems faced by foreign students studying in Indonesia. The problems commonly are issues related to cultural differences. These issues become an obstacle for foreign students studying in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a case study and qualitative approaches. The informants were foreign students who were studying the Indonesian language in Surakarta. The research results found that lack of the understanding of foreign students to the culture obstructs to the Indonesian language skills. The differences in the cultural background between the countries of origin of foreign students to the culture that exists in Surakarta make foreign students adjust the process of cultural adaptation. The adaptation was performed using the approach of familiarity and proximity.

Budi Murtiyasa   and Intan Indraswari Al Karomah   

The research aims at examining: (1) the impact of Problem Solving Strategy and Discovery Learning Strategy on mathematics learning outcomes, (2) the impact of learning motivation on mathematics learning outcomes, (3) the interaction between learning strategies seen from the learning motivation on mathematics learning outcomes. Type of the research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The population of the research is all of the 7^th-grade-students at one of state middle school at Surakarta Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 57 students from two different classes were involved in the study, assigned as experimental group and control group. They were selected through cluster random sampling technique. The group which was assigned as the experimental group was instructed through a problem-solving strategy whereas the other group was discovery learning. Data collection techniques used the method of test, questionnaire, and documentation. The technique of data analysis was the two-way analysis of variance. From the analysis, it was concluded that: (1) there are impacts of Problem Solving learning strategy and Discovery Learning on mathematics learning outcomes, (2) there are impacts of student learning motivation on mathematics learning outcomes, (3) there is no interaction between learning strategies and learning motivation on mathematics learning outcomes.

Mayaslinda Mahayudin   and Azidah Abu Ziden   

An epidemic of COVID-19 has expanded and spread all over the world. Until today no vaccine has been found to protect ourselves from being infected by the COVID-19 virus. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has outlined some guidelines for the community to avoid this infectious virus including keeping a 1-meter social distance and avoiding physical contact with others. Hence, this study aimed to provide students with independent ongoing training in the art of maquillage skills particularly in blending techniques using face charts through the module development. The module has been developed for a course in a Vocational College in Malaysia to assist students in practising the blending of colours in maquillage. Qualitative case studies have been used to obtain in-depth information on the progress of students' skills in blending techniques. The assessment rubric was used as a research instrument to assess students' abilities in 3 attributes of colour in the blending techniques. Semi-structured interviews were also used in this study to get responses from participants about the effectiveness of module implementation. The 4 participants were involved in practising blending techniques using the module. Findings of the study show that students' skills in applying blending techniques were moderate during the early stage of training but their skills improved during the second and third stages after the students were more comfortable with the blending techniques. It is suggested that in this study, students' skills in maquillage could be developed through systematic ongoing training and structured modules.

Salem Khalil Al Aqtash   and Omran Ahmad Musleh   

Concept mapping strategy is one of the vital teaching and learning strategies, due to its effectiveness for both learner and teacher. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of concept mapping on Arabic grammar proficiency for students at Al Ain University. The sample was comprised of students studying Arabic (n=56), who were split into an experimental group of 29 students, and a control group of 27 students. Pre- and post-tests were conducted on both groups to ensure their equivalence. The experimental group was taught six grammatical topics using concept mapping, while the control was taught the same grammar topics by the traditional method without using the concept maps. The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups, in favour of the experimental one. They also revealed statistically significant differences between the males and females in the grammar achievement test, in favour of the females. This study's results emphasize the importance of using concept mapping in teaching grammatical concepts. There is a clear compatibility between the features of concept mapping in terms of organization and logical sequence in presenting concepts on the one hand, and the nature of grammar, which is characterized by logical sequence, and hierarchical construction. The study emphasizes employing concept mapping to teach grammar on Arabic language courses at the university level, building the content of the Arabic courses according to the concept mapping strategy, and including examples of some of the concepts mentioned in these courses so that teachers can use them.

Sangeeta Sharma   and Arpan Bumb   

The substantial changes in the education system have pushed the teachers to go back to the earlier practice of cooperative learning so as to enable students to realize their achievement through group activities. Cooperative learning is a multi-layered activity as it involves various factors such as proper instructions, feedback, team structure, leadership, etc. The study aims to provide a model of various factors that affect the different outcomes of cooperative learning using structural equational modelling (SEM). The exploratory factor analysis is utilized to develop the model by grouping the factors under two latent variables. The latent variables observed are factors related to individual or intrinsic factors and factors related to external environment or extrinsic factors. The outcomes of the effectiveness of cooperative learning are linked with these two factors. The results indicate that individual factors have an indirect effect and external factors have a direct effect on the outcomes of cooperative learning. This study provides an overall idea about how the various factors influence the outcomes of cooperative learning by using a multivariate approach and allows perceiving the impact of factors simultaneously. Further, some recommendations are also made on how to improve the outcomes and effectiveness of the cooperative learning method. This study will help the teachers, academicians, and administrators to develop strategies according to the model prescribed by this study to maximize the outcomes of cooperative learning.

Mohammed Abdulgalil Abugohar   and Baderaddin Yassin   

The success essence of language teaching is assessed against its true outcomes. To this end, ESL teachers should effectively exploit all available techniques to help their students master the target language's communicative skills. One proposed technique is to turn the learning environment into a speaking classroom where learners can be actively engaged in interactive communication. As an attempt to do so, this qualitative study explores the potential of classroom teacher-student and student-student interaction using the target language (L2) through the technique of Challenge, Action, and Result (CAR) for fostering university students' classroom communication quality in general, and in-lecture participation and speaking confidence in particular as a part of a whole project that aims at enhancing learners' communicative proficiency. The qualitative data for this study were obtained in the Academic Year 2019/2020 by observing 31 Saudi tertiary students selected purposively to follow up on their language performance and classroom participation. A performance progress record was developed and then implemented after being validated by experts, while an inter rater contributed to ensuring the credibility of the interpretation. The study results unveiled a positive connection between the interaction synergy via the often use of the target language and participants' oral participation, and their speaking confidence. This productive effect resulted in improving the quality of classroom communication level using the CAR technique. In terms of implications, we intended to share our experience based on the research results to draw the attention of those involved in the education process to stress the use of the target language as the sole medium of language classroom interaction through innovative techniques.

Bryan B. Echanique   

The prevalence of plagiarism among college students has posed challenges to academic integrity in higher education institutions (HEIs) all over the world. Through mixed methods, this study determined students' level of knowledge of plagiarism along five areas to provide baseline data as basis for an intervention that would promote intellectual honesty. Participants consisted of 283 randomly selected undergraduate students. A validated survey questionnaire was used to gather the data, which were treated using descriptive-inferential statistics and thematic analysis. Results revealed that the participants had very high level of knowledge in terms of the basic concepts about plagiarism, the ways of detecting this form of intellectual theft, and the possible adverse consequences when one was caught plagiarizing. The students, however, had low level of knowledge of the subject in terms of its more technical aspects such as its different forms as well as accurate citation and documentation of sources. Moreover, sex had a significant main effect on students' knowledge of plagiarism in terms of its harmful consequences while department exerted a significant main effect along harmful consequences including citation and documentation. Furthermore, sex and type of senior high school (SHS) graduated from had a significant interaction effect along ways of detecting plagiarism and consequences of intellectual theft. Considering the findings, the researcher forwarded the establishment of the SPUP Honor Code that would provide the necessary structure for managing academic dishonesty especially plagiarism through educative, corrective, and restorative mechanisms towards promoting the principles and values of academic integrity.

Peyman Nouraey   Ali Al-Badi   Mohammad Javad Riasati   and Rolou Lyn Maata   

The present study aimed at reviewing some of the most reputable models of curriculum and program evaluation. In so doing, 63 related research papers were selected based on the pre-defined criteria. These included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case studies, book reviews, and experiments. A curriculum is an important element which can affect the effectiveness of an educational or a pedagogical program. The main merit of a curriculum is providing the stakeholders with a transparent idea as to what must be achieved during the program conduction and whether the objectives of the program have been met. The term program evaluation was first used in the United States during the 1960s. Since then, various program and curriculum evaluation models and frameworks have been conceptualized around the world. Nearly all these models eventually have the same focus, i.e., to see whether a program meets its defined objectives or not. Some of these models have already been subject to evaluation within various educational contexts, while some have been less investigated. In the present systematic review, some reputable models of program and curriculum evaluation were discussed, while some other models were touched upon. The review was mainly divided into theoretical considerations and empirical background. The pros and cons of each model were briefly discussed. In addition, it was shown how some models have evolved or been challenged by others. It was concluded that choosing an appropriate model of evaluation would depend on several criteria such as the context, the purpose, and the expected outcome of the evaluation.

Frederick F. Patacsil   

The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act is a law in the Philippines that provides college students with free tuition and other fees in Philippine state universities and local universities. People's tax is used to finance this law and the government should ensure that student retention or persistence is attained throughout the duration of their stay. To effectively decrease student dropout, it is necessary to understand which students are at risk of dropping out. In addition, this study proposed a model that detects and predicts student success in tertiary education through the right selection of the suitable program utilizing the enrollment data that may have a significant on the study outcome of the students. This study experimented single classifier and added ensemble approach classifiers to propose a predictive model to detect early dropout of first-year college students. The study utilized tree algorithms and then applied the ensemble algorithm to identify student attributes that distinguish potential dropouts from college. The result reveals a very interesting prediction that if their average grade is less than 85, there is a high tendency of dropping any program they enrolled in. Evaluation results in the final stage of the model construction process reveal that applying bagging ensemble into j-48 tree attained the highest accuracy as matched with other tree algorithms, however, forest tree algorithm achieved the highest value in terms of dropout precision and graduated recall. The result also shows that applying ensemble approaches have a marginal increase in classification performance.

Munirul Abidin   

Indonesia's national education goals are to form intelligent, civilized, and dignified people to live in society and succeed in the future. Therefore, every educational institution in Indonesia must teach specific values that are believed to deliver its students to be the people they aspired. This study aims to describe the values of educational organizations embedded to students at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School (DIBS) in Indonesia and their cultivating strategies. The reason for choosing this institution to be researched is that it has a long experience and has created many qualified and successful people at both national and international levels—the survey conducted with a qualitative approach. Data are collected through observation, documentation, and interviews with several caregivers, teachers, students, and administrators of the institution. Before being analyzed, the interview data are transcribed, then read repeatedly to find the exact meaning behind the words. Data validation is done by triangulation techniques, both by source and method triangulation. This study found five values that serve as a foundation for the institution to carry out the entire process of organizational activities. These values are embedded with five strategies integrated into all students as members of the organization. This research contributes to finding values that should be instilled in students in educational institutions to become reliable and responsible individuals to succeed in the future. The strategy of instilling educational values found in this study also gives a new color in the world of education. It can become a role model for other institutions in inculcating educational values.

David Agwu Udu   Nmadu Saba John   Chidebe Chijioke Uwaleke   Okechineke Benjamin Chukwunonso   Anudu Adaora Phina   and Precious Chisom Attamah   

This study investigated the effectiveness of process-oriented guided-inquiry learning (POGIL) pedagogy in improving male and female undergraduates' academic achievement in science education, in comparison with the conventional lecture method. A non-equivalent, control group quasi-experimental design was used to investigate male and female undergraduates' achievement in science education. Data were collected from 85 second-year science education undergraduates and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and analysis of covariance. The results show that POGIL pedagogy, as opposed to lecture pedagogy, resulted in improved academic achievement in science education (F _(1,82) = 26.66, P = .000, ˂ .05). The data provided evidence to suggest that undergraduates that learned by the POGIL method had a greater grasp of content knowledge than their counterpart that learned by the lecture approach, as evidenced by higher mean achievement scores for POGIL undergraduates. There was no significant influence of gender on the undergraduates' achievement in the POGIL (F _(1,37) = .805, P = .375, ˃ .05). The findings of the study have implications for the restructuring of science education teaching environments in the university system by de-emphasizing and discouraging the use of teacher-centered pedagogies and promoting the use of the current student-centered pedagogies for enhancing the undergraduates' academic achievement. The researchers, therefore, recommend that lecturers should organize science educational environments to support active learning strategies for improved undergraduates' academic achievement in science education.

Kyu Tae Kim   

This study explored the structural relationship among growth mindset, academic grit, and academic burnout. This study investigated the impact of Korean high school students' growth mindset on their academic burnout. Also, it is this study's contention that the effect of growth mindset on academic burnout can be changed when academic grit as a persistent enthusiasm and effort in their studies are mediating. The sample of this study comprised 573 Korean high school students (aged 17 years) in 2018. This study was designed as correlational research, and data analysis was conducted mainly using structural equation modelling. This study found that growth mindset may act as a diminishing factor for academic burnout. In addition, this study found that academic grit negatively mediated the relationship between growth mindset and academic burnout, implying that academic grit can play a determinant role as a positive psychological variable that could alleviate or prevent academic burnout. Thus, programming and counseling oriented toward fostering academic grit and coupled with growth mindset should be provided to lessen or prevent academic burnout. This study fills a void in the literature on academic grit and on growth mindset in targeting academic burnout among high school students preparing for college entrance examinations.

Ching Ting Tany Kwee   

This literature review aims at exploring two career theories, one career model, and their applications to facilitate the comparison of their advantages and shortcomings in understanding contextual and personal factors influencing teachers' career choices. It first examines the chosen career theories and models in teachers' professional development, namely, Fuller's Concern Stage Theory, Fessler's Eight-stage Teacher Career Cycle Model The Social Cognitive Career Theory. Common factors encapsulated by those theories are outlined, and a close examination of how those theories prioritize contextual and personal factors are also discussed. This literature review also highlights some current research gaps of examining teachers' their career choices: an ambiguous interplay between personal and environmental factors, an ambivalent attitude towards considering psychological factors, neglecting in-service teachers in late-career development and exit stage, inadequate synchronic and diachronic studies on contextual and personal factors, and a weak association between influencing factors, teachers' sense of identity and their career choices. Through a discussion of those teachers' career theories, models and their applications, this literature review probes into the importance of examining the interplay between personal and environmental factors in order to understand how and why experienced teachers become demotivated and frustrated in different career stages. It also provides a more holistic view and insight on retaining experienced in-service teachers and alleviating the global teacher attrition and shortage problem.

Aigul R. Ganeeva   and Tatyana I. Anisimova   

The intellectual development of preschoolers and primary school children is facilitated by mental arithmetic training using a system of quick oral math on an abacus. A continuing professional development program must prepare pre-service teachers to use innovative teaching methods for quick oral math during classroom and extracurricular activities. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of a continuing professional education program that prepares pre-service teachers to instruct in mental arithmetic. We developed and implemented the "Mental Arithmetic for Educators" program organized into five thematic blocks. The qualitative exploratory study (2017–2019) involved 25 participants majoring in teacher education, who did a questionnaire before and after completing the program and underwent praxis. To assess the effectiveness of the program, we analyzed the results of their questionnaires and praxis reports describing the implementation of innovative teaching methods. The results of the questionnaire show a rise in the level of the participants' ability to use innovative teaching methods during classroom and extracurricular activities, which the analyzed praxis reports proved. The findings demonstrate that after completing the program the pre-service teachers successfully introduced innovative teaching methods for mental arithmetic and contributed to increasing children's reaction times and ability to concentrate, that is boosted children's intellectual development. Such programs should be incorporated into the continuing education system of higher education institutions, which is novel in the international theory and methodology of preparing pre-service and in-service teachers to instruct in mental arithmetic.

Fatimah Djafar   Syamsul Bachri Thalib   and Muhammad Arif Tiro   

The purpose of this study is twofold: 1) to find out the development process of holistic assessment in multiple linear regression literacy; 2) to develop a valid, practical, and effective holistic assessment in multiple linear regression literacy. Employing Research and Development model, it indicated that holistic assessment model is developed based on preliminary research and development of the assessment as mentioned earlier in multiple linear regression literacy following the revision that was done after the validity test. The development of holistic assessment was strengthened by carrying out a trial to the students at the Study Program of Statistics of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar. The trial was conducted in the lesson of multiple linear regression literacy in an integrated manner. Holistic assessment encompasses the information on students' learning outcomes from the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects that are oriented to the lesson of multiple linear regression literacy. This model of assessment is able to monitor the progress of students' learning outcomes. The holistic assessment in multiple linear regression literacy is proven valid based on the result of instrument assessment by the experts. Besides, this assessment model is also considered practical and effective to apply, as signified by the observation of holistic assessment implementation in the lesson of multiple regression linear literacy as well as the result of the trial.

Hanim Zainal   Khata Jabor   and Idris Mohammed Abdullahi   

Entrepreneurial education is an important strategy in producing entrepreneurial-minded students [1]. This entrepreneurial spirit needs to be nurtured through good education structure. Furthermore, education can play a key role in shaping the culture of entrepreneurship among students. Therefore, education that focuses on entrepreneurship concepts for students must be given proper attention. The need for knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship among polytechnic lecturers is very much needed as lecturers should be knowledgeable and must be prepared before teaching the students. This study aims to draw on the application of entrepreneurial elements among polytechnic lecturers in Malaysia. Data analysis involves the process of analyzing qualitative data using Nvivo software. There were 10 lecturers who lectured entrepreneur's subject being selected in the interviews including lecturers from Sultanah Bahiyah Polytechnic, Syed Syed Sirajuddin Polytechnic, Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Polytechnic, Jelly Polytechnic, Kota Bharu Polytechnic, Mersing Polytechnic and Sultan Ibrahim Polytechnic. In that regard, the results of this study can serve as a source of reference especially to lecturers who wish to learn something beyond their area of expertise using this entrepreneurial application method. Lecturers can explore new knowledge by applying and practicing various methods of applying entrepreneurship. Thus, the process of applying for entrepreneurship will be more efficient, effective and usable during the teaching and learning process both in college and beyond college.

Endin Mujahidin   Ending Bahruddin   and Rudi Hartono   

The purpose of this study is to look at the role of meeting zoom applications in improving productivity and health management of students in the midst of the corona or covid-19 virus pandemic in Bogor City. The study was conducted with a study population of 260 and a sample selection of 160 students spreading across several universities. This research uses a quantitative approach with a path analysis method. The results showed that: (1) The use of meeting applications such as zoom can increase student productivity so that insight and space can be free. (2) The use of meeting applications such as zoom used by students can narrow the spread of the corona virus because students minimize outdoor activities. (3) The role of meeting applications using zoom emphasizes cost, energy and time but does not reduce the essence of science obtained by a student. Even students can conduct a deeper study of the science. The results showed that the use of the meeting zoom application has a positive influence on productivity with the Sobel test results of 0.087 with a p value of 0.072.

Miskiah   Yoyon Suryono   and Ajat Sudrajat   

Creativity is one of the important components of success in 21st-century learning. Creativity needs to be developed and taught in the classroom. This study was conducted to know the difference in the effect of blended learning on students' creativity and activeness. This study also aimed to find out the significant improvement on students' creativity and activeness in elementary school. This study is of a quasi-experimental type with a non-equivalent comparison group design. The research subjects were fifth-grade students (32 students as experimental groups and 29 students as a control group) of public elementary schools in Bantul Regency, SDN Kasihan, and SDN Kalipucang, in the academic year 2019/2020. Rubric for Creativity (RC) and Rubric for Activeness (RA) were administered for pretest and posttest. The duration of the experimental learning was three meetings and one meeting for examination. The data analysis technique used independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests at the significance level of .05. The results of the study show that there was a significant difference in creativity between the experimental group (applying blended learning) and the control group (applying scientific learning). Experimental group students had higher scores on both variables compared to their counterparts. Thus, it can be concluded that blended learning is effective in improving creativity and activeness of elementary school students.

Muhammad Sani Abdurrahman   Abdul Halim Abdullah   Sharifah Osman   Zakiah Mohamad Ashari   Nurul Farhana Jumaat   Dayana Farzeeha Ali   and Norazrena Abu Samah   

The main challenge in teaching is to build experiences that include students and promote their thinking processes required to make meaning of those experiences. Thinking is unique for human beings and is characterized as a continuous rebuilding of high-level mental abilities that are consciously developed over time to create a more sophisticated structure of knowledge. The polytechnic curriculum is generally aimed at training students to become engineering technicians as well as critical thinkers; and at the same time assume personal responsibilities in exercising technical judgments that may contribute to the needs, expectations and growth of the diverse economy of any nation. This study adopts a qualitative approach using thematic analysis to explore polytechnics students' mathematical thinking processes (MTPs) in linear algebra based on Mason's approach. The researchers interviewed seven students; and the selection of the students for the interview was based on their posttest scores previously published in our quantitative study consisting of two students who achieved the highest scores, three students who achieved moderate scores and two students who achieved the least scores. A semi structured interview was used to acquire rich and detail insight in the students' understanding with regards to their MTPs. Deductive coding method was used to generate codes and themes from the interview data as the verbatim quotes of each student are examined. Results of this study showed development of MTPs among the students with respect to specializing, generalizing and conjecturing while convincing shows a non-significant result.

Simon Christopher Fernandez   and Kuttickattu John Mammen   

Technologies especially tablets are rapidly booming up daily around the world and it reflects in all areas including education. The purpose of this study was to examine the views of stakeholders such as students, lecturers and managers on the strengths and weaknesses of using tablets for learning and teaching at a South African rural university. This research adopted a mixed method study. Although interview data were collected from all stakeholders, survey data were collected only from lecturers. A total of 14 lecturers from a relevant population of 25 voluntarily participated in the survey. However, only 18 students, five lecturers and nine managers were interviewed. Quantitative data were captured manually into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 24). While quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study found the strengths such as gathering information and researching as well as weaknesses such as distractions and social networking during lecture hours. Generally, strengths were greater than the weaknesses and all stakeholders were positive on the use of tablets for learning and teaching in classroom. However, the researchers suggest that training and awareness presentations should be provided to both lecturers and students at the beginning of each academic year to make the use of tablet in classroom more effective.

Agung Setyawan   Nurfina Aznam   Paidi   Tyasmiarni Citrawati   and Kusdianto   

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Google Meet media-assisted lecture method on building student knowledge and learning outcomes while learning from home (SFH). A quasi-experimental in the form of pretest-posttest control group design was used in this study. The sample was 96 first-year students (70 girls and 26 men; aged between 18-20) in the elementary school teacher education study program at the University of Trunojoyo Madura in the academic year 2019/2020. Researchers involved three intact classes; 1 class randomly selected as an experimental group and 2 classes as a control group. Knowledge Building Test (TMP) and Cognitive Learning Outcomes Test (THB) are administered as a pretest and posttest. The results of the two-way MANOVA revealed that students taught using the Google Meet media-assisted lecture method have posttest scores building knowledge and learning outcomes higher than comparison groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the method of lectures assisted by Google Meet media has a significant influence on building knowledge and student learning outcomes in lecturing learning strategies in elementary schools.

Jasna Mažgon   Miha Kovač   Mojca Kovač Šebart   and Tadej Vidmar   

This research paper brings up the question of recreational reading habits among the generation of university students that were born after 1990 and grew up in a digital environment. The paper focuses on their self-reported reading habits. The students belong to two disciplinary domains (humanities and social sciences) at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. A significant number of them were pre-service teachers. The research was conducted on a non-random sample of 429 students. Data were gathered using a printed questionnaire that included assessment scales of students' reading habits. These data were compared with data gathered in the online reading habits survey of the general Slovenian population that took place in autumn 2019 on a sample of 1000 participants, demographically representing Slovene general population. The key finding was that university students read more than members of the general population do, but still less than would be expected of future educators who will introduce book reading to pupils as the number of non-readers in student population was higher than expected. In addition, the data revealed that practically all students were able to read in at least one foreign language (predominantly in English) what is significantly higher than in general population. The paper indicates a few reasons for such outcomes and addresses the question of why recreational book reading matters in educational settings.

Zubaedah Wiji Lestari   Mursyid Saleh   Januarius Mujiyanto   and Suhendra Yusuf   

This study aims to examine the reading scores of a second-grade class in a public school and their relationship to student self-efficacy. Given the importance of students' self-efficacy in reading test results, this study uses a mixed-methods approach. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique with one class consisting of thirty-four students who participated in this study. In this study, data were collected from a self-efficacy scale and reading test. To see the relationship between self-efficacy and student reading tests, the authors conducted a Pearson simple correlation test. From the result of the Pearson simple correlation formula, the findings show that there is very close parallelism between students' self-efficacy and reading tests. This current study indicates that higher students' self-efficacy will actively enhance the quality of teaching-learning activity. One of which is by giving encouragement and constructive feedback to the students continuously. However, it also has some limitations in terms of length of study and data collection. First, after knowing that self-efficacy has a close correlation with student reading results, then further research in implementing ways to improve student self-efficacy will be beneficial to improve student self-efficacy. Second, the study results found that there are students who are at a low level of self-efficacy. Thus, further research can be conducted by collecting other research data such as questionnaires or interviews to explore the factors that cause their low self-efficacy and then look for efforts to improve it.

Aliff Nawi   Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob   Mat Rahimi Yusof   Chua Chy Ren   Fatimah-Salwa Abd Hadi   Zainizam Zakariya   Tamil Selvan Subramaniam   and Azila Jaini   

This needs analysis study was undertaken to obtain a preview of the acceptance of Geo-Education Module as a new module in environmental education. This study focused on the needs of module building, the importance of knowing the natural ecosystem, the need for exposure to natural disasters and sustainable lifestyles. This study used a mixed method that combined quantitative and qualitative data. This design of quantitative research involved a survey through questionnaires distributed online. A total of 192 trainee teachers from the Institute for Teacher Education and Public University located in the north of peninsular Malaysia were selected. While the qualitative study involved interviews with five study participants. The findings showed that this module is in high demand for teaching environmental education and were important in providing information to teachers and students. The findings also indicated that the majority of respondents were aware of the aspects of environmental protection that are important to be applied in various fields of study. The importance of creating materials or modules that touch on current aspects is an ongoing step in developing future strategies for preparing for any natural disaster. The implications of developing modules in the current context were discussed in this study.

Lokanath Mishra   Tushar Gupta   and Abha Shree   

The postgraduate course of teacher education is based on research-based approach in teacher education in which all students will conduct a research and submit the dissertation as a part of their studies. Every teacher educators of this department are allotted one or two M.Ed. students to conduct research. The paper aims to study the teacher educators' and M.Ed. students' perceptions about research-based approach in teacher education and how theory and practice linked in teacher education. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used for the study. Seventeen M.Ed. second semester students and 25 teacher educators were selected as the sample of the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The study indicates that teacher's educator appreciates the approach particularly based on research in the teacher's education. It is found that two-year M.Ed. programme was ideal for conducting research. The approach based on research in the teacher's education: students read educational research, learn research methods and research process, learn about research findings, and understand their relevance for practice.

Iryna Lovianova   Kateryna Vlasenko   Iryna Sitak   Iryna Akulenko   and Oksana Kondratyeva   

This article considers the issue of on-line training of Master students, majoring in Mathematics (Speciality code in Ukrainian educational system "014.04 Secondary Education. Mathematics") and preparing them for teaching at University. The research papers and resources, focusing on the vocational bent of on-line training of undergraduate students majoring in Mathematics have been analyzed in this paper. The present paper describes designing the structure and components for the on-line course "Methods for Teaching Mathematics to Students at Technical Universities", which is in open access on the educational platform "Higher School Mathematics Teacher". This article presents the analysis of the survey results, in which 107 students in their first and second year of studying took part, which allowed defining the content of the course. The model is presented as a polyhedron, vertices, faces and edges of which show structural elements of the model and relations between them. The paper also introduces the analysis of the internship syllabi at Ukrainian universities and aims at defining the criteria for assessing learning performance of the on-line course users. It also considers the impact of the course on the efficiency of training 112 Master students in their second year of study, when they do their assistant internship at technical universities. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the experiment proved the efficiency of introducing the course into the process of practical training of Master students. The interns who joined the course, showed a better understanding of how to motivate students when teaching Mathematics to them. They also showed better results in applying active learning tools and techniques for teaching Mathematics, as well as in managing the audience through information technologies and communication strategies.

Bekithemba Dube   and Loyiso Jita   

In this paper, we problematise post-colonial fragmentation and the exclusive approach to education. We focus on various trajectories faced by multigrade classes and propose bricolage as an expedient, doable and desirable approach to accommodating a variety of deprived learning and teaching realities. We couch this paper in bricolage because its agenda is taking a utilitarian approach to disposable resources, thereby enhancing teaching in rural multigrade classes. We used participatory action research as research methodology and centre the discussion within the confines of two questions: What are the trajectories of the postcolonial, exclusive curriculum in multigrade classes, and what can a bricolising pedagogy offer to mitigate these trajectories? We found that an exclusivist curriculum deprives rural students and teachers, in their quest to attain and provide quality education respectively. We argue that multigrade face critical challenges, which require inclusive education approach that values all children, despite geopolitical spaces.

Luis M. Dos Santos   

Locating the appropriate teaching and learning material for students and learners is an essential task for leaders at colleges and universities. However, without an effective textbook evaluation checklist, department heads may not have any directions on how to score the textbook materials. Therefore, the development of an effective textbook evaluation checklist and the related application is needed. The purpose of this research study has two directions. First, the researcher employed a widely used Textbook Evaluation Checklist to measure the effectiveness and usefulness of an English as a Foreign Language textbook. Second, the researcher employed the textbook evaluation checklist and produced a result of this targeted English as a Foreign Language textbook. The surveys have been collected from 323 college and university students who completed their first-year or second-year English as a Foreign Language course in South Korea. The results indicated that the textbook evaluation checklist was effective, useful, and user-friendly. Also, based on the written feedback from the students, the researchers, department heads, publishers, school leaders, and policymakers could take the feedback to reform their process of textbook selection.

Mohd Erfy Ismail   Faizal Amin Nur Yunus   Junita Sulaiman   Norfarah Nordin   and Nadzrah Sa'adan   

Education is an ongoing process and is constantly accepting changes and improvement in line with the needs and wants of the community. The 21st - century world is seeing the use of multimedia and information technology monopolizing the lives of the general public with the motto of a borderless world. One of the most popular developments today is Augmented Reality (AR) technology that uses barcode scanners as a medium for learning. This study aims to find out students' interest in learning, teachers' teaching method, and students' visualization ability in welding technology subjects. The quantitative study through a survey method was used in this study. The study population involved 105 welding technology students of Batu Pahat Vocational College. The purposive sampling consists of 30 respondents of 3rd-year students who are taking the Non-Destructive Test (NDT) welding subject under the topic of magnetic particle test. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively. The finding shows that the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.73 which indicates that the instrument's reliability is high. The results of this study found that by using magnetic particle test teaching kits can increase students' interest in learning (M=4.76), positively affect the teachers' teaching method (M=4.72), and helped to enhance students' visualization ability (M=4.80). Thus, the findings indicate that the use of this teaching kit improves the teaching and learning process either in the classroom or in the workshop.

Rungchatchadaporn Vehachart   Dwi Sulisworo   Venus Srisakda   and Orapin Tipdech   

This study aimed to describe the professional learning community (PLC) of educational institution networks in Songkhla, Thailand. In this study, the Faculty of Education Thaksin University is in the role of the supervision and monitoring working group that received funds for organizing professional development activities like a professional learning community (PLC). This project was implemented in the educational institution network in Songkhla province for the year 2019. The number of networks is eight, covering one network of educational professionals and seven networks of educational institutions. It involved nine coaches/ mentors divided into three teams who responsible for three networks (Khuan Niang Witthaya School, Ban Radpun School, and Wat Rong School). This study used the assessment tools of the Secretariat Office of the Teachers Council of Thailand. This tool consists of four sets. Those are sets of guidance record form for coaches and mentors, sets of interview forms and interview recording forms, sets of monitoring and evaluation of the performance by the network, and sets of the network performance evaluation form. Based on the finding, the entire teacher networks are writing lesson plans, and the students learn with the principles of moderation. The use of knowledge with awareness and moral responsibility is the basis for decisions and actions in four dimensions, namely economy, environment, society, and culture in balance.

Le Viet Minh Triet   and Nguyen Phu Loc   

Currently, there is much dynamic math software. They help to provide the user with an intuitive mathematical environment. Also, thanks to the dynamic properties of the software, users can flexibly change mathematical forms and objects by pressing and dragging. Therefore, they have multiple opportunities for surveying, predicting, illustrating, or finding strategies for solving mathematical problems. GeoGebra software is used in this study to find strategies for solving a problem, as GeoGebra integrates and serves many math disciplines. Concerning the math studies solving a problem with GeoGebra's support, this paper devotes particular attention to using Polya's four-step process to a problem. It is a generalized scheme that can be applied to find solutions for all kinds of mathematics. The issue is how to exploit the strength of this dynamic math software if we use this scheme to find strategies for solving a problem. Our research content is to answer the questions: 1) How do students approach solving a math problem with the GeoGebra software? 2) What students' mistakes or limitations can occur? Experimental research results with six student groups have shown that students have made some mistakes with GeoGebra in math problems and they do not know how to take advantage of this software to make it easier to find a solution to the problem. Based on the findings, we suggest several measures to show teachers and students how GeoGebra is used effectively.

Salem Ali Salem Algharaibeh   and Rana Thani ALmomani   

Critical thinking is a central part of our daily life. It has great importance in immunizing the individual against the vast amount of information, events, and situations that the individual deals with and faces. This study aimed at identifying differences in critical thinking according to different variables. The variables were specializations (scientific, literary), gender (male, female), the Grade Point Average (GPA) and the scores of Jordanian high school national exam (Tawjiji) to predict critical thinking skills. This quantitative study used the descriptive approach by applying Watson's and Glasser's [16] critical thinking appraisal short form transferred to Arabic by Alotaibi [7]. This study was applied to a sample comprising (216) students from Ajloun University College, affiliated with Al-Balqa Applied University, students in Jordan. The results indicated that the study sample had high levels of critical thinking of sub- skills and a high level in critical thinking as for the total scores. There were statistically significant differences in all critical thinking of sub- skills according to specializations in favour of the scientific stream. Besides, there were statistically significant differences in all critical thinking skills according to gender in favour of males. Also, critical thinking could be predicted by the degree of the national examination for high school in Jordan (Tawjiji) but not by Grade Point Average (GPA). The differences in critical thinking between students of scientific streams and literary ones may refer to the difference in school curricula. The scientific courses focus on critical thinking skills more than literary ones. Therefore, it was important to include critical thinking skills in school curricula since critical thinking skills are very important in an individual's success both in study and life.

Sarkadi   Asep Rudi Casmana   Ucu Cahyana   and Maria Paristiowati   

The main purpose of this study is to improve students' empathy attitudes in Pancasila education courses using applications in mobile phones. It is a tool application or media that is used by educators to be able to transfer knowledge to their students. This is used to be able to increase the interaction and learning motivation of students, so they can obtain maximum learning resources. The name of the application is Pancasila Mobile learning, and it is available on Playstore for Android users and web-based page. Meanwhile, the empathy characters need to be developed by the school to be able to grow in students. As such, this study focuses on growing empathy by using mobile learning applications. The research method used is quantitative. The data collection technique used was an online questionnaire, which was filled by 119 students at universities in Jakarta. They are students who have already or are studying Pancasila in college. The results of this study indicate that the use of mobile learning applications in learning Pancasila in the classroom can increase empathy attitudes towards students. They can carry out positive activities, and feel pleasure and comfort when using mobile learning applications in the learning process. Thus, the use of mobile learning needs to be continuously developed by educators both in universities and schools.

Roberto Suson   Christna Baratbate   Wilfredo Anoos   Eugenio Ermac   Amelia Girly Aranas   Nolasco Malabago   Narcisan Galamiton   and Dennis Capuyan   

Differentiated instruction has been a buzz word in Philippine education for many years. Educators utilize differentiated approach in teaching to maximize and meet the expected learning outcomes. Previous study pointed out that students vary in terms of learning style and understanding the concept. This study aims to identify the role of differentiated instruction in teaching reading and promoting comprehension in basic education. This paper looked at four differentiated instructional strategies for teaching guided reading: Noting details, sequencing events, getting the main idea and predicting outcomes. Moreover, it seeks to determine the multiple intelligence profile and the performance in reading comprehension of the students. It also determines whether a significant correlation exists between the profile and the performance of the students. Data were generated using adapted multiple intelligences inventory instruments and written passages, prescribed curriculum by the Department of Education. The data obtained were analyzed using weighted mean, standard deviation, and chi-square. The findings revealed that students learned from all aspects of intelligence they have, no matter what the situation is. This was so intriguing because it was known that every individual has different learning intelligence. Pedagogically, the findings recommended that educators need to innovate to help meet the needs of diverse learners, enriched reading activities, and differentiated instructions must be integrated to strengthen learner competence in basic reading comprehension. The surprising finding is that, though students learn differently, there are also some learning contexts, which students shared with the same entity. Therefore, teachers must recognize that students have different versions of learning.

Ganis Amurdawati   Suyatno   Dholina Inang Pambudi   Wantini   and Maulina Hendrik   

Learning readiness is one of the indicators supporting students' learning achievement. The higher the students' learning readiness is, the higher their possibility is to achieve the learning outcome. The purpose of the research is to analyze the students' learning readiness in several junior high schools in Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Island, Indonesia. The study belongs to a survey study with a cross-sectional design investigating 150 students from three junior high schools, both private and public. The data were collected through a questionnaire and they were analyzed using SPSS with one-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test. The results show that there is no difference in the students' readiness in two public junior high schools, those are SMP N 1 Pangkalpinang and SMP N 7 Pangkalpinang, with the sig value 0.568 > 0.05. Conversely, there is a difference in the learning readiness between the private and public schools, which is between SMP N 1 Pangkalpinang and SMP Muh Pangkalpinang as well as between SMP N 7 Pangkalpinang and SMP Muh Pangkalpinang, with sig value 0.000 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the t-test for the gender comparison shows no difference in terms of learning readiness, with the sig value 0.663 > 0.05. The research comes to several conclusions. First, the school status (public and private) shows a difference in learning readiness, in that those in public schools have higher readiness compared to those in private schools. Second, male and female students show similarities in terms of learning readiness.

Chitose Asaoka   Daisuke Miura   and Taiki Okubo   

The current study is a self-reflective autoethnographic research study, which aims to explore how two in-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in Japan built a collaborative and mutually supportive community of practice, and how they shared and re-constructed their expertise through interacting with each other. Prior to the study, both of the participating teachers from different teaching contexts shared a similar struggle: a lack of collegiality and a quest for creativity. An online journal forum was created where they recorded their thoughts, difficulties and challenges in their everyday teaching practice for one year. They also gave comments and feedback to each other online. As a result, participation in an online collaborative community of practice enabled them to reflect on and adjust their teaching practices. In particular, the role of collegiality in sharing teaching strategies impacted the teaching of English as a foreign language in diverse contexts, both public and private schools. It also had an impact on teaching different language skills (oral communication for one participant and reading and translation for the other) and the use of students' native language as assistance. By taking on the role of a diagonal mentor, they also found a way to make their professional voices heard.

Alexey Pavlovich Efremenko   Dmitry Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy   Aleksandr Petrovich Tsilinko   Tatiana Aleksandrovna Lomakina   and Alla Ivanovna Solovey   

Today, the priority task of the higher education institution in the artistic specialty is to prepare a future specialist in the Folk-Art Culture, capable of carrying out creative and innovative activities at a high professional level. One of the effective methods of teaching the humanities is the case study method, but its applicability in the training of cultural and art workers requires adequate research. The study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the case method when training in the Folk-Art Culture specialty. The study used a complex of theoretical (analysis of scientific literature and pedagogical experience in related fields of pedagogy) and empirical (pedagogical experiment) research methods. The article considers the application of the case method in the preparation of specialists in arts and culture and describes several cases applied in the process of mastering folk culture. Results of the research on the influence of the case method on the educational process allow the authors to say that the case method, aimed at independent knowledge acquisition by students, provides for the education of comprehensively developed, responsible, and thinking persons. The main task of a modern educator is to select educational technology adequate to the specialty, forming students' analytical skills, as well as their ability to independently acquire knowledge, apply it in problem-solving, and make a choice in a non-standard situation. The main conclusion of the research is that due to its versatility, the case method can be adapted to the educational process in arts and culture universities at different educational stages.

Yayuk Hidayah   Sapriya   Cecep Darmawan   Elly Malihah   and Eli Karliani   

The idea of Civic Intelligence in the 21st century became a skill that began to be enlivened in student learning. Civic Intelligence as the accumulation of the citizens' intelligence is needed to guard citizens in the era of the industrial revolution that continues to develop. This study aims to determine the profile of Civic Intelligence in applied science in order to promote interaction between sciences in the perspective of Citizenship Education. Civic Intelligence learners in the perspective of Citizenship Education are from the cross-Departments and gender. The subjects in this study were 200 students from various Departments at Ahmad Dahlan University in Yogyakarta, consisting of 89 men and 111 women in detail. The method used in this research was a descriptive-quantitative research method. The research instruments were observation sheet, questionnaire, and a list of interview questions. Data obtained from the questionnaire were then analyzed quantitatively so that the scores of students' Civic Intelligence were obtained correctly. The results found that the Civic Intelligence profile of students from various majors varied in several dimensions both male and female. Civic Intelligence in the spiritual, rational, emotional, and social dimensions is moderate while Civic knowledge, Civic Disposition, Civic Skills are moderate in both men and women. Further research is needed to improve students' Civic Intelligence training in learning.

Kutu Augustine Adebayo   Nzimande Ntokozo   and Ngema Zukiswa Grace   

The education system in South Africa is characterised by unequal education structures between the affluent and non-affluent schools, poor academic performance by learners and high drop-out rates. While educational expenditure has doubled over the years to support the non-affluent schools, educational outcomes have not followed suit. The affluent schools tend to perform at a much better rate on average, than non-affluent schools. Therefore, using the 2015 Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS, 2015), this paper analysed the factors that impact on student performance within the non-affluent schools, and further examined the effect of availability of educational resources on student academic outcomes. The study finds that educational resources have a significant impact on student performances. However, the magnitude of the impact is minute as compared to other factors such as school management, accountability, and student self-determination. Therefore, the study concludes that educational resources in isolation are not necessarily the key tool for tackling the broader educational outcomes but rather it is a combination of many factors, which may lead to improved educational outcomes in South Africa.

Svitlana Ivanivna Yakymenko   Tatyana Mykolayivna Bilyavska   and Alla Anatolievna Tymchenko   

The article is dedicated to the orthographic competence of future primary school teachers. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the model of orthographic literacy formation in future primary school teachers, as well as define the pedagogical conditions that facilitate the efficient operation of the model in the context of the educational process in a higher education institution. The study utilizes the competency-based approach, the systemic approach and the linguodidactic approach. Through the competency-based, systemic and linguodidactic approaches, the theoretical-methodological strategy for forming the orthographic competence in future primary school teachers has been defined. The model of developing this component of linguistic competence has been developed and tested. A set of pedagogical conditions that ensure the efficient operation of this model has been experimentally tested. During the analysis of the scientific-methodological literature, the features of forming the orthographic competence in future primary school teachers have been defined. As a result of the experimental work, it has been proven that the implementation of the developed model and the adherence to certain pedagogical conditions facilitate the formation of orthographic competence in future primary school teachers. The experiment has proven that certain pedagogical conditions are efficient and the created model of orthographic literacy formation in future primary school teachers ensures the readiness to use the theoretical material in practice as well as the consistent motivation for further learning.

Dian Artha Kusumaningtyas   Jumadi   Edi Istiyono   and Dwi Sulisworo   

Teacher quality determines the process of education reform. MOEC of Indonesia has prepared various schemes to achieve this quality. MOEC expects study programs held at higher education to meet the competencies of prospective teachers in four aspects, namely professional, pedagogy, social, and personality. This study is to describe the achievement of competence level as a teacher in the physics education study program. The method used is a survey method for physics education students, with 50 students participating. Competency measurement uses the test instrument consisting of four aspects, namely professional (65 items), pedagogy (45 items), social (40 items), and personality (40 items). The instrument refers to an evaluation conducted by National Education Standards Agency. It was analyzed using Two-way ANOVA to see the effect of gender and learning experiences. The results show that gender does not affect competence. Instead, the learning experience influences on competence. Average score of the ability of the students is lower than the limit specified teacher competency requirements MOEC. This result means that professional, pedagogical, social, and personality competencies are not yet the focus of teacher training institutions. The learning process experienced by prospective teachers (students) has not been able to improve competence significantly to achieve the MOEC's standard. This result implies that the study program needs to evaluate the curriculum and the learning process so that graduates can achieve quality teachers.

Gian Sugiana Sugara   Cece Rakhmat   Juntika Nurihsan   and Ilfiandra   

The purpose of this study is to find a general picture of quality of life in students and to find the relationship between quality of life and burnout. Quality of life of students explains the level of satisfaction of student life and is a predictor of academic success. This relates to evaluating the satisfaction of life domains (health, self-esteem, spiritual, money or standards of living, work, play, helping, friendship, sibling relationships, spiritual, learning, creativity, family, neighborhood and community). Burnout is defined as a condition where individuals experience emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduce self-efficacy. The study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 469 students. Data was collected using Quality of Life Inventory and Student Burnout Scale. Data analysis techniques used the Pearson correlation method to determine the relationship between quality of life and burnout among students. The F-Test technique is used to compare differences in quality of life based on gender. The results showed no significant difference in the quality of life of men and women. The highest life domain is family. While the lowest life domain is love, the relationship between quality of life and burnout was found to be negatively correlated. The burnout dimension consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reducing academic efficacy was found to be negatively correlated with quality of life, based on the results of the study needed for the development of counseling interventions to improve the quality of life to reduce burnout in students.

Mohammad Ehsanul Islam Khan   

The present comprehensive study dealt with the psychosocial perspectives of English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' academic activities or behaviors at the secondary level education in Bangladesh. Students are usually undernourished and very weak in English in the Bangladeshi EFL context, and no methods seem to improve the situation deploying any tactic or technique. The approaches have also been proved to be inappropriate in the last two decades for the teaching of the English language in Bangladesh. So, the study intends to find out the reasons behind the failure and the possible ways to develop English skills among the Bangladeshi EFL students by analyzing their teachers' academic and prosocial behaviors both inside and outside the classroom. The researcher collected data from 47 English teachers and 96 students of 16 secondary and higher secondary level institutions. The most supportive tools for this study were questionnaire survey and teacher interviews with phenomenological analyses of the participants' replies. The data were analyzed with conceptual and relational inquisition of the academic prosocial behaviors and features of the English language teachers in both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. The upshot of the study is, in fact, a report of the understandings and needs of the current condition of teaching and prosocial behaviors of the secondary level English teachers outside the classroom. The result displayed the lacking of relationships between teachers and students along with the needs of developing teachers' prosocial behaviors through kaizen, resilience, effective teacher-training, and teacher-research with the contemplation of non-verbal cues.

Percia T. Adil   Princess H. Policarpio   and Cavin F. Pamintuan   

This study focused on analyzing the utterances in each dialogue embedded in the Chinese as Foreign Language (CFL) textbooks entitled “Happy Chinese.” These books are used in Philippine public high schools under the Special Program for Foreign Language - Mandarin. This study utilized the mixed-methods research design and Jakobson's communicative language function model in the analysis and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data. The results showed that language functions are not equally and fairly distributed in every textbook. The results of this study revealed that in Textbooks 1 and 2, the most observed language function is referential, while in Textbook 3, the most observed language function is phatic. It is observed in all three textbooks that metalinguistic and poetic functions are less frequent. Thus, these textbooks in terms of their communicative ability do not provide comprehensive support for all the six (6) language functions. Hence, the study recommends textbook developers to consider communicative language function as mean to evaluate CFL and other foreign language learning textbooks. Lastly, the results of this study will provide valuable input to the Department of Education, the Philippines in enhancing and improving the instructional materials being used in the implementation of Chinese Mandarin as a foreign language program.

Ratih Puspita Dewi   

Fieldwork has been widely known to be important in Geography and other disciplines. Fieldwork was described as an outside activity where students can see and hear the geography phenomena in the field. It was also believed that fieldwork was an essential way to gain a better understanding of geographical objects. Some previous research had shown the advantages of fieldwork for students. Combining fieldwork and research was possible to gain students' understanding of disaster risk reduction in the school community especially in the disaster-prone areas. This research aimed to know the effect of fieldwork and research on undergraduate geography education' students understanding of disaster risk reduction in the school community. Students engaged in field work and research activities in the southern part of Klaten Regency Central Java Indonesia, which is vulnerable to various disasters such as earthquakes, floods and landslides. The students were evaluated before and after fieldwork using questionnaires. The result showed that fieldwork and research improved students' understanding of disaster risk reduction.

Mauly Halwat Hikmat   Aryati Prasetyarini   and Muhammad Thoyibi   

Students' right to participation at schools is one of children's rights according to the Child Rights Convention proclaimed by UNESCO which has been adopted in Indonesia. The research investigated: 1) students' knowledge about their rights to participation at school, 2) students' perception about the exercise of their rights to participation covering the scope of their participation and their expectation about the exercise of their rights to participation at school, and 3) students' attitude toward the gap between their expectation and the reality. The participants were 100 students of four high schools at Surakarta, Indonesia. The data were collected through focus group discussion and questionnaires and were analyzed inductively referring to Lundy's model of participation and Pérez-Expósito. The findings showed that the meaning of the right to participation for the students was the right to take part in any school activities including making decision. Students perceived that schools had the basic participation requests in terms of space, voice, audience, and influence. Looking at the gap between the expectation and the reality, most of the students accepted the gap while the rest tried to communicate their aspiration to the teachers. Only a few students did not care about it. However, it is recommended that schools hear the students' voice especially in making decision in a decision making situation. The students' influence should be enhanced by taking their voices into account.

Nuqthy Faiziyah   Sutama   Imroatus Sholihah   Septiani Wulandari   and Dimas Aditya Yudha   

Creative thinking is one of the important competencies to answer the challenges of the 21st century. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability to think creatively through learning mathematics based on culture (ethnomathematics). The research method used is action research. Learning is carried out using student worksheets that explore Surakarta batik. The subject of the research was Vocational High School students by taking the subject matter of Transformation Geometry. The results of the study showed that students' creativity could be increased through culture-based learning with a significant increase of 17, 91%. The new thing from this research is that learning is done using ethnomathematics student worksheets using a scientific learning approach that involves observing, questioning, experiencing, gathering information, associating, and communicating, creating.

Masduki   Muhammad Noor Kholid   and Rita Pramujiyanti Khotimah   

Purpose: This study aims to investigate students' problem-solving abilities and responses during involving metacognitive strategy in learning. Methodology: This study used one group pre-test post-test design. The participants of this study were thirty-one first semester students of the Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. All participants have been enrolled in elementary mathematics courses. The data were collected by using tests and questionnaires. Before the first lesson has begun, students were given a pre-test to solve three contextual problems. Furthermore, the learning is carried out by integrating the metacognitive strategy for one and a half months. At the end of the lesson, the students were provided a post-test that consists of two contextual problems. Results: The result of the t-test showed that t-value = -7.937 < t-table = -2.0423. It can be concluded that there were significant differences between pre-test and post-test. Performance of the student's problem-solving abilities has increased after involving metacognitive strategy in learning with an average score of 73.5, compared to the pre-test with an average score of 47.9. Besides, students provide a positive response while engaging a metacognitive strategy in learning. Applications/Originality/Value: Involving metacognitive strategy in learning can enhance student's problem-solving abilities effectively.

Sutama   Harun Joko Prayitno   Naufal Ishartono   and Diana Purwita Sari   

Purpose: There are two purposes of this study. 1) Describe the developing process of mathematics learning process by using flipped classroom integrated by five disciplines, namely science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM). 2) Test the effectiveness of mathematics learning with flipped classroom-oriented STEAM in high school. Methodology: This research is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which comprises five stages, i.e. analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques were done by observation, walkthrough, and tests. The research was conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Gemolong on 2019/2020 academic year. Data collection techniques were done by observation, walkthrough, and tests. Results: The results showed that 1) The process of learning mathematics with flipped classroom-oriented STEAM, namely (a) Before face-to-face stage in class, students were asked to learn independently by watching learning videos on the internet; (b) Students were divided into several heterogeneous groups and given problems and projects in each group (groups of 4-6 students); (c) Each group was asked to solve a problem by integrating five disciplines (STEAM); (d) The teacher facilitated and monitored students in designing the project; (e) Students completed projects outside the classroom; (f) Students presented project results in class; and (g) In the end of a lesson, students were given a quiz or a short test. 2) Mathematics learning through flipped classroom-oriented STEAM was effective in terms of material mastery. Applications/Originality/Value: The findings of this research give overviews regarding to the implementation of flipped classroom integrated by STEAM learning which increases students' understanding.

Parji   and Yoga Ardian Feriandi   

This research aims to develop instruments to measure the learning outcomes of Citizenship Education at the university level in the form of citizen political participation based on digital citizenship. The basis for developing instruments is the absence of benchmarks that can be used to measure the learning outcomes of citizenship education in the form of political participation behavior outside the classroom. This research uses R&D steps, stage 1. Preliminary research, 2. research development, 3. Measurement effectiveness of the model, and 4. dissemination. Expert assessment results for content and content validation tests state that instruments of political participation based on digital citizenship are deemed appropriate with a CVI value of 1 (Relevant). While Analysis of a wide-scale questionnaire items obtained with the results of 26 valid questionnaire items with a reliability value of 0.98. From the results of this analysis, the instrument is considered relevant to be used to measure education learning expenditure citizenship in the form of participation Politic residents in the modern era.

Nataliia Stukalo   and Anastasiia Simakhova   

The pandemic and the announced quarantine have made adjustments to the bachelors and master degree student education in almost all universities around the world. The transition to the online education using modern Internet technologies has been made, that has led to certain challenges in higher education system. The purpose of the article is the analysis of COVID-19 impact on Ukrainian higher education. The following research methods were used in the article: empirical methods, methods of theoretical analysis, questionnaire, and interview. In the article the approaches to the online education in universities in Ukraine have been analyzed. The results of the article have a few significant implications for science and practice of online education and its perspectives for Ukrainian higher education system. Prospects of online education of students have been offered during COVID-19. The main recommendations are the following: to organize training courses of online education methods for lecturers; to organize in-depth training courses of online education methods for lecturers of non-pedagogical specialties (including training in interactive online teaching methods, formation of an individual learning trajectory, online multidisciplinary courses development); university's management should provide constant monitoring of the satisfaction of students and lecturers of the online education organization for the accumulation of statistical data in the dynamics.

Valery Okulich-Kazarin   Mykola Zhurba   Inna Shorobura   Kateryna Ihnatenko   and Olga Litvinova   

This study continues the extensive and painstaking work in the research of educational services at Universities in Eastern Europe. The purpose of the study is to compare educational preferences of Polish and Ukrainian students at lectures. The study was carried out by authors since December 2018 till June 2020. There were 741 respondents in the study. The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (specification and generalization; comparative and retrospective analysis; induction and deduction; classification); empirical (study scientific articles and content analysis of scientific sources); social statistics (planning of experiments, grouping of results, primary processing and verification of statistical hypotheses). The results obtained are of scientific and practical significance: 1. It was shown that students of both countries prefer visual teaching methods at lectures. 2. It has been proven that the educational preferences of Polish and Ukrainian students at lectures are not equal. Polish student preferences related the visual teaching methods at lectures are higher than Ukrainian ones. 3. Authorities Polish Universities should take into account the difference of Polish and Ukrainian student preferences in order to start selling educational services in Ukraine. The results are highly statistically significant (0,01).

Volha Paulava   Alla Nerubasska   Inna Kuzmenko   Tetiana Yamilova   and Liudmila Zahorodnia   

The purpose of the research was to prepare recommendations for the academic philosophy and academic teaching community on achievement of a high degree of satisfaction with the quality of educational results in humanities (with philosophy taken as an example) among students of non-humanities professions. For this purpose, we have studied the phenomenon of satisfaction with the quality of the educational results in the Ukrainian market of education services. The research was carried out since November 2018 till March 2020. In our work, we relied on theoretical and practical conclusions of American, European and Ukrainian researchers of the phenomenon of satisfaction with education services. The research interest of our multidisciplinary team was focused on specific aspects of teaching at the technical and medical higher educational institutions in Odessa, Ukraine. The theoretical aspect of the work is focused on clarification of the concepts of “educational results”, “quality of the educational results”, “practice orientation” in teaching philosophy for non-humanities professions (marine engineers, healthcare workers, etc.). The empirical part of the work is important for improvement of the educational programs in the area of humanities taught at non-humanities higher education institutions in order to enhance their quality and competitive ability in the market of education services. This work resulted in formulation of recommendations for the academic philosophers and academic teacher community and stakeholders (owners of education services), students of non-philosophical professions with possibility of their integration into the education services provision process.

Nur Fadlilah   Dwi Sulisworo   and Guntur Maruto   

Various advantages are offered by technology to improve the quality of learning, including physics learning. The use of technology in learning physics can make students more productive than the lecture method. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the use of video-based laboratory on the discovery learning model to enhance physics learning outcomes. The design used in this study was a nonequivalent pre-test and post-test control group design. The research used a purposive sampling technique to obtain two groups. One experimental group applied discovery learning with video-based laboratory and one control group applied conventional learning. The statistical analysis used was ANCOVA, with an error rate of 5%. The results of the analysis show that there is an influence of discovery learning assisted with a video-based laboratory. In this study, it also appears that there is an interaction between learning models and learning styles. Students experiencing discovery learning with a video-based laboratory have higher learning outcomes than those experiencing a conventional one. In general, this research can contribute to the field of education, especially physics learning, to optimize the use of technology as a learning medium. This learning strategy allows students to participate directly in proving the concept of the material. Besides, this model can be active alternative learning in improving student learning outcomes.

Jarrent R. Tayag   Marycris B. Lenon   Joseph R. Bacanay   and Angelie M. Sotto   

Assessment of performance tasks in the K to 12 curricula is vulnerable to generosity error. This implies that teachers may not be objectively assessing the performance of students thereby posing a potential disparity between the scores of the students and their actual achievement. The present study investigated the relationship between the math achievement and performance task scores of 43 4th grade pupils. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational design to examine the relationship between the results of performance tasks scores and standardized tests of the students. Results show a considerable gap between the average achievement of the pupils (59.40%) and their performance task scores (97.57%). Correlation results show that math achievement has a weak, but a positive relationship with the performance task scores (r = 0.311, p = 0.042). When the performance task scores of pupils with high and low achievement scores were compared, it was found out that there is no significant difference between their scores (p = 0.524). These findings imply a need to re-evaluate the assessment of learning practices particularly on performance tasks to ensure that they indeed reflect the actual achievement of students. By ensuring coherence between the two, a more accurate appraisal of the level of mastery of the students of the competencies may be acquired by teachers and school administrators.

Abraham Owoseni   Eziyi Ibem   and Akunnaya Opoko   

The classroom is the physical learning environment where learning takes place in formal education. More worrisome globally is the need for classroom learning spaces that can improve students' learning outcomes not just in one aspect of learning outcome but holistically: affective, behavioural and cognitive domains. In achieving this, this paper draws data from findings of a study carried out to investigate the impact of the classroom learning environment on students' learning outcomes. Quantitative data were collected on 37 variables from students across the three senatorial districts in Lagos State, Nigeria's commercial capital with the highest number of schools. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted using a hybrid of three techniques: purposive, quota and random sampling to select the approved schools, group them in quota and final selection of respondents respectively. A total of 674 copies of the questionnaire were administered by hand during the first term of the 2018/2019 academic session. A total of 488 were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and regression analysis. The result identified eleven (11) significant factors to consider in remodelling classroom learning spaces in order to improve students' learning outcomes. As a result of these factors, a combined proportion of 53.6% of respondents experienced a significant impact on the classroom physical learning environment on their learning outcomes. 31.8% affirmed to its average impact while only 6.9% averred to its least impact, respectively. This paper provides a focus for Architects, interior designers, space planners and other stakeholders in the educational planning and management on the guidelines for remodelling classroom spaces to holistically improve students' learning outcomes.

Marisol Solis-Foronda   

The role of physics as a branch of science in the development of society is highly recognized. However, the decline in the students' performance in physics becomes a hindrance in achieving the primary goal of physics. Thus, it is imperative to determine the factors that could possibly affect the physics performance of students in the classroom. A total of 128 students from the programs Bachelor of Secondary Education and Bachelor of Elementary Education were randomly selected to participate in this study. Moreover, the cross-sectional-predictive non-experimental quantitative research design served as the framework to determine the predictors of students' performance in Physics. Furthermore, the data such as attitude, creativity skills, and knowledge were gathered using questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression. With this, the study found out that the creativity skills and attitude of the students in General Physics do not predict the students' level of knowledge in General Physics. This study implies that students who are more creative do not necessarily have a high level of knowledge in General Physics. Similarly, students who have a positive attitude towards the subject do not certainly lead to an increased level of knowledge in General Physics. Thus, the students' level of knowledge in General Physics depends on their ability to process and store information.

Teo Yang Kiat   Jumintono   Erwin Setyo Kriswanto   Sugiri   Etty Handayani   Yunita Anggarini   and Mochamad Rofik   

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multimedia-based learning on the academic achievement of science subjects in junior high school students. The method used in this research is descriptive. This study involved 40 junior high school students in Malaysia. The research sample was divided into two groups, namely conventional (control) and experimental (based on multimedia). Data obtained by providing pre-test and post-test to students. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A normality test is performed to determine the distribution of data. Data were analysed with a 5% T-test. The results of the analysis on the pre-test scores indicate that students in conventional and experimental teaching have the same level of knowledge, whereas in the post-test scores there are significant differences between traditional teaching scores and multimedia teaching. The finding of this study also showed that the student-centered learning approach was suitable for learning science subjects for secondary education. Students were found more active in engaging themselves in their learning and contribute to higher academic achievement in the post-test result. In conclusion, the use of multimedia elements in learning materials enables students to learn at their own pace. Through learning with the integration of multimedia-mediated content, student achievement in science subjects is enhanced, and it has helped students to develop a better understanding of science concepts and ideas.

Aybeyan Selimi   Muzafer Saracevic   and Arafat Useini   

This paper aims to examine the impact of digital tools in mathematics and the readiness of teachers and students applying these interactive tools in teaching. The data used in the research are obtained from the test results of 526 students, in five secondary schools in North Macedonia. The students in this research, are divided into two groups: mainly as a control group and an experimental group. The control group is the group of students who do not have access to the interactive tools at home and who use interactive tools only once a week in the school while the group of students in the experimental group have access to them and have the opportunity to use these interactive applications every day. The students in the control group and the experimental group were selected from the same year and the gender equality of the groups was taken into account. To further understand the relationship between teaching with digital tools and learning after testing was surveyed the participants. The results in our research suggest that interactive teaching tools have a positive impact on the teaching process and increase students' knowledge.

Ferayanti M.   Sunardi   Siswandari   and Akhyar M.   

Integration of mentoring program in Principal Preparation Program (PPP) is an effective way to develop prospective school principals. This study aims to portrait mentoring supports from mentors in the On-the-Job Learning (OJL) of PPP from perspectives of mentees and to reveal areas of mentoring which need improvement. The study utilized group interviews for data collection as it was a follow-up study of Education Sector Analytical and Capacity Development Partnership (ACDP) 2016. Three-semi structured group interviews were conducted with mentees from Central Java consisting of 20 primary school and 10 secondary school prospective principals. Thematic analysis was used to code the data and to identify themes. The study revealed that mentoring supports for mentees of PPP need improvement. Mentors, especially those of primary schools, need to improve their professional knowledge and mentoring skills to optimize the learning of mentees. Too many activities and tight schedule of the mentors, especially those in secondary schools hampered them to scaffold mentees' learning. The study findings informed the urgency to design and to run training for mentors to improve their practices in mentoring prospective school principals. Further research on mentoring can expand this study because the respondents of this study were not representative of the overall population of prospective principals. Besides, similar studies can be conducted with prospective principals whose mentors are alumni of training for school principals, assuming that mentoring quality might be better since they have attended an 8-day training for school principals.

Muhammad Sani Abdurrahman   Abdul Halim Abdullah   and Sharifah Osman   

This study aims at designing, developing and evaluating the effectiveness of a learning strategy known as linear algebra peer tutoring strategy (LAPTS) in a polytechnic classroom setting in order to develop students mathematical thinking processes (MTPs) based on Mason’s approach. Preliminary investigations were conducted on the conventional teaching and learning in order to identify students' problems in linear algebra (LA) and its outcomes were then analyze to fit the theoretical framework as well as meet the need for the design. LAPTS was designed using ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation) model employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. During the formative evaluation, a pilot study was conducted to verify and validate the LAPTS through experts' content validity and interviews. Seventy-three students (36 students for experimental group and 37 students for control group) voluntarily participated in the study to ascertain the effectiveness of the LAPTS based on their MTPs. The findings show a significant difference between the mean scores of both experimental and control groups on posttest at α=0.05 (p=0.000) level of significant. In addition, the analysis of the students' MTPs showed a significant difference with respect to specializing, generalizing and conjecturing with a non-significant difference in convincing. Results from the study showed development of MTPs and learning among the students. The findings in this research indicated that, LAPTS has the potential to develop students' MTPs with respect to Mason’s approach and learning in LA.

Prakasha G S   

The article presented here is a part of the major research project conducted in India from 2016 through 2020. Teacher education in India in the last six decades underwent many reforms in terms of policies, assessment, field experience patterns, and training pedagogy. Teacher educators invariably implemented all the suggested changes. However, it lacked the rigour in implementation. At the same time with the advancement of technology, the student population is native to technology and had newer attitudes towards learning. Researcher felt that, the Teacher educators competencies are to be revisited and may come up with a new list of competencies which are helpful to the next generation. It is with this intent this major research project was planned. The purpose of the project was to come up with the list of competencies for teacher educators which are helpful for training the next generation teacher trainees and to measure those competencies. Therefore, the study resorted to adopt exploratory research design. This article explains the step wise procedure on construction of next generation teacher educator competency scale. It also explains the procedures of validity and reliability established for the scale. The study brought out a Likert type of scale to measure next generation teacher educator competency and has simple administration procedures. The scale was found to be highly reliable based on Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient. Though the study is exploratory in nature, yet confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and is found to be in agreement with the evolved factors. The scale may be used to measure the extent to which the next generation teacher educator competencies are possessed by a teacher educator.

Jesi Alexander Alim   Ahmad Fauzan   I Made Arnawa   Intan Kartika Sari   and Neni Hermita   

Two dimentional figures geometry learning activities that focus on formal procedures, are not able to direct students to develop their reasoning ability in the discovery of the concept itself and its relationship with daily experiences. Because of this, the design of geometry learning in flat shapes uses realistic geometry models that are valid, practical and effective. This research is a design research that combines the Plomp and Gravemeijer & Cobb development models which consists of three phases: preliminary research (experimental preparation), prototyping phase (conducting experiments, retrospective analysis) and assessment phase. This research produces learning design for flat geometry with realistic geometry models. The learning design that is designed consists of determining the properties of a flat and calculating the area of the flat shape. This research has produced a learning design that meets valid characteristics in terms of content as well as in terms of construction. The result of learning design meets practical characteristics in terms of implementation, ease and time required. The learning design has also fulfilled the effective characteristics in terms of its impact on students' reasoning abilities where the average test results of students' mathematical reasoning abilities are 76.39% with a good category. This means, the results of the study show that the design of flat geometrical learning with the realistic geometry model developed has been valid, practical and effective.

Mohd Sobri Mahmood   and Mohamad Khairi Othman   

This study aims to identify the relationship between students' learning style practice and critical thinking. At the same time, the study also explored the dimensions of learning style practice that are predictors of students' critical thinking in learning. A quantitative approach using the questionnaire conducted on 431 participants consisting of Form Six College students throughout Malaysia. They were selected using strata random sampling. The instrument for learning style practice was adapted from Dunn and Dunn (1978), while critical thinking adapted from Critical Thinking in Everyday Life presented by Mincemoyer, Perkins, & Munyua (2001). The results show that there is a moderate and significant relationship between learning style practices and critical thinking of students. The analysis also indicates that dimensions such as emotional, physical, psychological and environmental are vital contributors to the critical thinking of students at Form Six College throughout Malaysia. Through this study, it hoped that it would provide useful input for educators to understand students' learning style practices and critical thinking to improve the quality of the teaching and learning process. The method of student learning styles is crucial to develop high-impact essential skills of thinking in line with 21^st century learning concepts.

María José Alcalá del Olmo Fernández   María Jesús Santos Villalba   and Juan José Leiva Olivencia   

Educational inclusion represents a commitment to attend to diversity, based on accessible curricular structures able to respond to the needs of an increasingly diverse student body. In the Campaign Education to transform lives, promoted by Unesco, in addition to approving the 2030 Agenda, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were specified, claiming the need for education systems to move towards inclusive education capable of eradicating discriminatory situations of distress and social injustice. Within the university, this challenge involves the formation of student-focused learning spaces, as shown by the results of several investigations, which recognize the commitment with the educational inclusion that the current university must assume. The purpose of this study has been to identify and understand the perceptions of education professionals at the University of Malaga in the implementation of the education committed to inclusion. Following a qualitative methodology, teachers from the Primary Education and Social Education Grades have participated, collecting information from semi-structured ad hoc interviews. The main contributions of this research in its field of study show that teachers have some difficulties in addressing educational inclusion, as they lack specific training. In addition to this, the professional sector considers itself responsible for offering a response to diversity, opting for innovative methodologies that help to overcome the barriers that prevent the increase of knowledge and that commit to promote shared learning experiences.

Le Van Tien   Duong Huu Tong   and Nguyen Thi Tu Vy   

In general, people tend to examine and reevaluate the suitability of the results to end the activity. In particular, it is essential to check and to review operations in the process of solving a mathematical problem, since it enables the evaluation of the reasonability of the data presented by the given problem. This study aimed to detect and enhance the control and verification activities of students as they solved pseudo-real problems associated with the systems of equations with two unknowns in high schools. The empirical sample consisted of 91 10th grade students, and the instrument used was made up of four pseudo-real problems. The teaching process covered the individual as well as the group stages of the work, especially the participants' discussion stages. To clarify the verification and control process of the students when solving the given problems, the researchers analyzed the data collected qualitatively. It turned out that the students stopped verifying the results and managed to resolve all the problems with the initial conditions. The answers did not appear to be realistic in all the students' worksheets in the process. Nevertheless, in the course of such learning, the students became more aware of the fact that they never before had to verify and control the results of the problems. Moreover, empirical findings produced various vital implications for teachers and students and recommendations.

Muhamad Taufik Hidayat   Ajib Rosyadi   Efi Rusdiyani   and Afrin Puspasari   

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Wayang Pahlawan (learning media) and documentary film (learning media) for cultivating nationalism among fourth-grade students. The type of this study was comparative with a quasi-experimental approach. This study was carried from March to July 2019. The subjects in this study were fourth-grade students (aged 9-10 years) at Public Elementary School of 9 Purwodadi, Central Java, Indonesia (n = 38). Subjects were divided into two study groups. The first group was a group of students who received media treatment of Wayang Pahlawan. In contrast, the second group was a group of students who received media treatment of the documentary film. The data collection method used a questionnaire related to nationalism indicators. Validity test of items used the Product Moment Correlation, while KR 20 formula for reliability test. The normality test used the Liliefors method, the homogeneity test used the Leven test, while the hypothesis test used the Independent Sample T-Test. This study showed that Wayang Pahlawan and the documentary film showed an increase between the pretest and post-test results. It means that Wayang Pahlawan and documentary film can cultivate nationalism among fourth-grade students. Meanwhile, the documentary film was more effective in cultivating nationalism than Wayang Pahlawan. This study contributes to the existing literature about character education, especially nationalism. Data given will provide the elementary school teachers, department of elementary school teacher education, as well as ministry of education with information on how to cultivate nationalism effectively.

Jamilah Sulaiman   and Siti Noor Ismail   

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between teacher competence and 21^st century skills. Besides, the study also examines the influence of each dimension on teacher competence that contributes to predictive factors in 21^st century teachers' skills in teaching. A total of 242 secondary school teachers TS25 Cohort 1 North Zone of Peninsular Malaysia selected as study participants. The study also used quantitative approaches involving systematic random sampling. There are two instruments used in the study which are variables of teacher competence based on the Malaysian Teacher Standards by the Ministry of Education Malaysia (2009) and 21^st century skills based on the 21^st Century Knowledge and Skills in Teacher Educator framework by Partnership For 21^st Century Skills (2010). The analysis of the study shows that there is a robust and positive relationship between professional competence and 21^st century skills among teachers. The findings also predict that personal characteristics, pedagogy, professional, information and communication technology (ICT), as well as school management and development, are significant contributors to 21^st century skills. The findings also show that the dimensions of teacher competence have the potential to help further develop the potential of teachers in line with 21^st century learning (PAK-21) concepts. The 21^st century skills are the heartbeat for teachers to improve the quality of teaching in line with current educational developments.

Kateryna Vlasenko   Olena Chumak   Vitaliy Achkan   Iryna Lovianova   and Oksana Kondratyeva   

This paper is aimed at creating a model of a Personal e-Learning Environment (PLE) of a University Mathematics teacher. A special emphasis is put on the analysis of the approaches to understanding the notion Personal e-Learning Environment (PLE) and studies into creating a PLE model. The Deductive Content Analysis of the research papers and other academic sources in this article allowed defining the structure of the PLE model of University Mathematics teachers. The authors of the present paper see the bottom line of the modelling process as giving content to the PLE according to the types of teaching activities, which Mathematics teachers do to perform the Instructive, Cognitive, Designing, Planning, Social, Managerial roles. With the help of The Inductive Content Analysis Method the researchers in this paper analysed the data on ranking web-services. The data were taken from the web-resources and helped to select web 2.0 tools, which can be used to give content to the PLE. The conducted research made it possible to conclude that the idea to develop a PLE model of a teacher is based on such factors as the ranking of web-tools, IK competency of a teacher and his/her willingness to develop professionally. The authors of the present article assessed the answers of the academic staff at Ukrainian Universities concerning their level of awareness about using web-tools in teaching. The analysis of the results proved the insufficient level of such awareness and justified the relevance of designing an on-line course in order to support a Mathematics teacher in creating and using Personal e-Learning Environment.

Norsyadzila Mustafa   Zulkifley Mohamed   and Nor Hasbiah Ubaidullah   

A strong command of statistical reasoning will enhance academic performance for students and thus support their future outlook in scientific research activities, especially in the pursuit of higher education. This research seeks to remedy the contention that statistical reasoning leads to the academic success of students by means of structural equation model. In this research, 99 undergraduate students from the Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia (UPSI) Mathematics Education Degree (BEd Maths) program were engaged in a purposive sampling. The statistical reasoning model and its relationship with the academic performance of the students were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) technique, since the size of the sample was too small to employ Structural Equation Modelling-Analysis of Moment Structure (SEM-AMOS). The findings revealed that empirical evidence and in line with preceding findings and theoretical context improved the established model. It emerged from the analysis that all of the relationships within the model established were significant. A part of the statistical reasoning and students' academic performance model, the research also successfully affirmed all of the indicator variables described in the statistical reasoning constructs by utilizing PLS-SEM. In conclusions, the relationship between statistical reasoning and academic performance of students was expressed not only in lower order components in PLS-SEM, but also as a hierarchical component model in which statistical reasoning contributes to the academic performance of students and was advocated by empirical data. Therefore, potential research should also concentrate on other reasoning skills which can lead to the academic success of students.

Eden C. Callo   and Alberto D. Yazon   

The Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) joins the Philippine government with all its actions by launching an initiative to take care of its students and employees, and the academic community amid the spread of the COVID-19 disease. This descriptive-correlational study investigated the factors influencing the readiness in online teaching and learning as an alternative delivery mode to continue the teaching-learning process, even the absence of face-to-face interactions between teachers and students. The content-validated and researchers-made online survey instrument, which reported an excellent reliability index of Cronbach α = 0.95, was administered via a google form. Responses from 348 faculty and 7,205 students at the university were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percent, mean, and standard deviation. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine the significant predictors of respondent readiness. The results revealed that respondent familiarity and capability, preparation, device and access connectivity, self-efficacy, and experience with technology significantly influence their readiness on the conduct of online teaching and learning modality. It is concluded that faculty and student readiness on online teaching and learning is determined by their competence, accessibility of ICT tool, preparedness, confidence in their ability to use technology, and exposure to e-learning materials. Hence, the university and in the broader scope, the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd), may conduct series of training for teachers as a capacity building to equip them with knowledge and competencies on the use of flexible or blended learning. Further, a university-wide learning system may be designed, adopted, and implemented in case the Enhanced Community Quarantine will not be lifted for a longer period.

Ryan Lopez Race   

In light of the learning continuity challenges experienced by educational institutions in the Philippines amidst the onset of the Covid-19 health crisis, the research serves to assess the conduct of emergency response online classes in a Philippine city schools division. It utilized a researcher-made instrument which assessed the profile of the respondents; their level of competence and confidence in conducting and supervising online classes; the level of preparedness of the schools; the levels of difficulty in lesson delivery and instructional supervision; and perceived advantages, disadvantages, and suggestions for improvement of online classes. Through purposive sampling, the respondents comprised 91 teachers and 24 instructional supervisors from 18 schools. Results of the study revealed that teachers and instructional supervisors needed experience and training to be able to efficiently and effectively perform their tasks in online classes; and that there were students and teachers who were not able to regularly participate in online classes due to lack of resources. Respondents also said that online classes were flexible in terms of schedule and choice of strategies, able to ensure learning continuity, were convenient, and efficient in terms of saving time, money, and effort. However, they also said that online classes had decreased participation rate, were ineffective, and had limited interaction and socialization. Conduct of training/orientation and regular practice on online classes, and ensuring needed infrastructure and resources are in place and available, respectively; as well as further research on the topic were suggested.

Ma. Socorro Gonzaga-Leong-on   

The 7Es Scientific Inquiry Through Plant Assay Guide Manual was developed to address the development of science inquiry skills, localization and contextualization among junior high school students. These are some of the requirements of the K-12 science curriculum in the Philippines. However, the developed laboratory manual was not yet implemented and evaluated among the junior high school students. This study was conducted to describe the implementation and evaluation of the developed laboratory manual. In this descriptive research, the respondents were twenty-eight (28) Grade 9 STE students from a public school in a congressional district of the Philippines, school year 2019-2020. During the implementation, five (5) out of eleven (11) procedures in the manual were tried out through a seminar-workshop. The modified evaluation form for Learning Resource Materials (print) from the Department of Education, Philippines and the researcher-made pretest and post-test were used during the evaluation. The results showed that during the implementation, the students actively participated in the seminar-workshop by performing the activities with dedication and enthusiasm. They clarified procedures for them to do the activities correctly. Using the laboratory manual, the knowledge (z=4.35, p=0.00) and skills (z=3.35, p=0.00) of the students on the five biology laboratory procedures implemented significantly increased. The students rated the manual excellent (M=94.4%, SD=2.93). They gained new knowledge and skills on plant identification and collection, extraction of plant compounds, phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity, and allelopathic activity screening of plant extracts. They were able to create topics using plants for their SIPs. They learned that conducting SIPs needs not to be expensive; one can use common materials and can do improvisations. This study offers a manual that could guide students in the conduct of SIPs.

Haya Abdul Rahman Abu Hussein   Deena Abdul Hameed Al Jamal   and Imad Sadi   

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of online reflective journals on Birzeit University students' creative writing. The participants of the study were sixty first-year university students. They were chosen randomly from Birzeit University in the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020. The study followed the quasi-experimental design. The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). To carry out the study, the researcher taught her students how to write reflective journals, and she established a closed group on Messenger for her students to write their online reflective journals and share them on the group frequently each time on a different topic. The data about the students' creative writing skills were collected using a creative writing pre/post-test designed by the researcher. The data were analyzed using appropriate quantitative analyses. The results of the study showed that the proposed instructional strategy was effective in improving students' creative writing skills. The results proved that the strategy of online reflective journals has positively affected the components of creative writing (originality, flexibility, fluency, and elaboration).

Subramaniam Kolandan   Arumugam Raman   and Fahainis Mohd Yusof   

The main aim of this study is to measure the competency of teachers in Business Studies in improving students' academic achievement in the subject. The three aspects of the teachers' competence assessed include teachers' knowledge, skills and professionalism towards students' academic achievement. In order to test the objective, a total of 135 Business Studies teachers were selected as respondents from the states of Perlis, Kedah and Penang. A set of questionnaires was used in this study to measure the level of teachers' competency towards the students' academic achievement. Based on the findings, the relationship between teaching skills and professionalism was significant but from low to moderate level. Regression analysis further indicated that the three variables were moderately significant towards students' academic achievement as dependable variable. Meanwhile, the findings also revealed that the teachers experience and qualification were insignificant and did not mediate the independent variable factors against the dependent variable when tested by using PROCESS analysis. In conclusion, there are other factors that are more likely to influence the students' academic achievement compared to the three study variables.

Nur Asmaliza Mohd Noor   Noraida Mohd Saim   Rohaya Alias   and Siti Hawa Rosli   

The role of higher education is creating a holistic education for the students by integrating all learning domains, such as cognitive, psychomotor and affective into the course. The study aimed to investigate the students' performance on cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains according to the given assessment for embedded courses, which are Basic Soil Mechanics and Basic Hydraulics for the Diploma in Civil Engineering programme. There were 336 students of Basic Hydraulics and 406 students of Basic Soil Mechanics involved in this study. The assessments for the embedded courses are through 60% of the cognitive domain, 30% of the psychomotor domain and 10% of the affective domain. Simple frequency counts and Spearman's rank-order correlation were used to analyse students' performance. The results indicated that the students performed better in the psychomotor and affective domain compared to the cognitive domain. Meanwhile, the Spearman analysis showed that the Basic Hydraulic and Basic Soil Mechanics presented positive correlation, r=0.039 and r=0.268 respectively (α=0.05). The overall assessment incorporating all learning domains for each course is essential to produce skilled and knowledgeable graduates from any higher education programmes to meet industry needs.

Kateřina Berková   Jana Borůvková   Dagmar Frendlovská   and Pavel Krpálek   

Learning styles represent an important factor influencing the quality of the teaching process. Therefore, the research focuses on examining the preferred learning styles in Accounting at Czech colleges and universities. A total of 132 students of two higher education institutions participated in the study. The questions have been worded in such a way as to determine the style of learning and also whether the students are aware of their sensory preferences. The model was based on the VARK model and on a motivation and intent-oriented learning styles. A Chi-Square Test of Independence was applied for verification purposes. A surface approach to learning prevails in the Accounting subject. The second most common approach is deep learning. In terms of the VARK model, the visual and auditory learning styles are the least frequent. The choice of learning style in Accounting education is influenced by the college/ university Accounting teacher who promotes the surface learning style, the work placement mentor who encourages deep learning, and also by gender, with women preferring surface learning and men the deep learning approach. Other factors (school specialisation, previous experience with the subject gained at secondary school and during work placement, secondary school Accounting teacher, difficulty of the subject at the higher education institution, direct contact with the college/ university teacher, professional interest in the subject) do not significantly influence the style of learning. This research has underlined the necessity of determining students' preferences of learning styles in Accounting education, which will allow for further improvement in teaching.

Gregory Lucenko   Anatoliy Kuzminskyi   and Stanislav Burchak   

The mass application and development of information and communication technologies in all spheres of life inevitably puts forward the need for informatization of the educational process through the widespread introduction into the system of education of methods and means of information and communication technologies, creation on this basis of computer-oriented information and communication environment with appropriate electronic content and electronic filling opportunities for the use of scientific, educational and management resources in solving various problems. An important part of the work of every modern specialized enterprise, scientific laboratory or university scientific complex is the use of automated data collection and processing systems and automated control of experimental research. The purpose of the work is to develop a method for connecting real measurement and computing complexes to the Internet and provide access to information about the measurement results and the actual management of the experiment. Changes in research methods associated with the transition to the process of experimental data processing and virtual labs are forcing modern software and measurement systems to be managed in a single, continuous cycle to manage the experiment and process its results. The description of the created hardware and software complex of data acquisition and processing using a thermocouple, microcontroller, a digital camera connected to a personal computer, and based on the LabVIEW environment implements remote access mode. This complex is characterized by flexibility and mobility and is capable of filling laboratories under conditions of insufficient funding, which is relevant for the current financial state of Ukrainian science and the educational process.

Saima Maqbool   Shaik Abdul Malik Muhamed Ismail   and Saira Maqbool   

The study aims to investigate the Gen Z ESL learners' language learning strategies as digital natives. The current study used phenomenological survey method. Quantitative data was collected through two students survey questionnaires. The first questionnaire was Oxford's language learning strategies (1990) and the second one was Timothy Teo's Digital Natives Assessment Scale (DNAS). Both the questionnaires were adapted in order to be in line with the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. A total number of 120 Gen Z Master first year students studying English language in NUST university Islamabad were selected. The data gathered revealed that Gen Z are more interested in using digital strategies proving that Gen Z truly are digital natives benefiting from learning strategies such as multitasking; using technology; graphic communication; gratifications & rewards. But the analysis of direct and indirect strategies was also significant except for effective strategies, which was above 0.05 making the result insignificant. The study also concluded that there is not much difference in the selection of learning strategies of both the genders. Some practical implications were suggested in this regard including promotion and use of technology in language learning such as newest form of audio-visual aids. Further research to understand if these strategies correlate with learning proficiency need to be conducted.

Nguyen Phuong Thao   Nguyen Hieu Tron   and Nguyen Phu Loc   

Simulation-based teaching has been used in many training areas, including general education, the medical industry, military, aviation, and so on. The simulation-based teaching models are taken into account in models used for discovery learning. Hence, it is sometimes referred to as a method of teaching discovery based on simulation. This study restores the basic content of the simulation-based discovery, including the concept of simulation-based teaching, simulation-based teaching features, and some authors' findings that implemented simulation-based teaching. The study offers a simulation-based process of teaching mathematical concepts and applies them to teach the "circular surfaces" which is regarded as a quasi-experiment in 12th-grade Geometry with posttest only nonequivalent groups design. Based on the results of quasi-experimental teaching, we initially have drawn significant results as follows: 1) simulation-based teaching increases the learning interest of students compared to traditional teaching methods; 2) Because of the interest in learning together with self-discovery learning, the students' learning results in the experimental class are better than those of control class. One thing learned from practical teaching is that teachers applying simulation teaching need to use dynamic math software and spend a considerable amount of time in lesson design. This is one of the challenges for mathematic teachers in Vietnam.

Sarkadi   Syifa Syarifa   and Asep Rudi Casmana   

This study aims to analyse the zoning system policies regulated by The Ministry of Education and Culture Rule Number 44 Year 2019 about the policy of new student recruitment by referring to some character values in Government Policy Number 87 Year 2017 about the strengthening character education, namely democratic values, social care values and values of respect for achievement. The zoning system is a system of regulating the process of recruiting new students according to the area of residence. The system is regulated in Ministry or Education and Culture Rule No. 14 of 2018 and is intended so that no schools are considered favourite and non-favorite schools. The system won criticism because some students were even accepted into schools that had a greater distance than the nearest school. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to determine respondents' assessments of zoning system policies as evaluation material. The results of this study indicate that the Zoning System Policy regulated in government law Number 44 of 2019 concerning the policy of new student recruitment is in accordance with character values such as democratic values, caring values and values of respecting achievement, even though they have not fulfilled the educational goals to the full. In terms of democratic values, the zoning system has succeeded in equitable distribution of education by providing easy access for students, eliminating educational disparities between urban and rural areas, eliminating the impression of favorite and non-favourite schools and improving the quality of education in Indonesia.

Revathi Gopal   and Mazlin Mohamed Mokhtar   

This paper aims to analyze the selection of literary texts in Malaysian lower secondary schools. Literary text selection involves two factors, the text and the reader. As the study required in-depth knowledge on both the factors, the research design includes quantitative and qualitative research methods. Research design includes quantitative and qualitative research methods. In the first phase of the study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted. A set of questionnaires containing 150 questions was distributed to 450 respondents from Form One to Form Three in five districts in Perak to address students' views on cultural familiarity of the texts, interest and motivation in reading literary texts, and physical features of the literary texts. In the second phase, six Form Two students participated in a retelling session to identify students' strengths and weaknesses in text comprehension. The findings from quantitative data showed positive results especially on cultural aspects. Students from Form One to Form Three understand the cultural aspects portrayed in the short stories. On the physical aspects of the literary texts, Form Two and Form Three students find the cover of their text book to be unattractive. In terms of students' preference of literary texts, Form One to Form Three students preferred reading foreign texts compared to Asian texts. As for the qualitative data, the session on retelling revealed the participants were able to relate main ideas and supporting details sequence the story line in order and understand text organization. The implication of the research indicates the literary texts selected, caters to Malaysian lower secondary students in Perak.

Yulia Rachmawati   Suyatno   and Achadi Budi Santosa   

A principal is required to have managerial competence for effective leadership; leading to the achievement of the school's goals. High managerial skills contribute to the management and optimization of human resources in the school. The study aims to review the principal's managerial competence in actualizing a creative school of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. The samples, including the principal, teachers, educational staff, and students, were taken through a purposive and snowball sampling method. The data were collected using the triangulation technique, which is the combination of observation, documentation, and interview methods. The data were arranged in the form of text and they were analyzed using the interactive inductive technique. The study concluded that the principal's managerial competence in actualizing a creative school consists of three aspects: conceptual, technical, and interpersonal. Conceptual competence manifests in two ways: building the vision and mission and implementing networking-based innovative program. Technical competence takes the form of responsive management to changes, productive culture, as well as human resources development. Interpersonal competence is shown by collaborating with and humanizing the subordinates, trustfully and respectfully. The research implies the relevant parties involved in school development, particularly the educational board. The principal's managerial competence is a significant factor in establishing a creative school.

Mohd Norazmi Bin Nordin   Mohamad Zaid Bin Mustafa   and Abdul Rasid Bin Abdul Razzaq   

The leadership of the headmaster at the school exerted a powerful influence on the overall management of the school. For schools with the Special Education Integration Program (SEIP), the leadership of the headmasters is affecting the task load of teachers and their productivity. The subsequent state of affairs also has an impact on job satisfaction. There have been numerous studies at home and abroad that have shown that headmaster leadership has a significant impact on SEIP teacher duties. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between headmaster leadership, task load and SEIP teacher job satisfaction. Data were collected quantitatively by distributing a set of questionnaires to 400 respondents comprising SEIP teachers throughout Malaysia using google form. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and AMOS software, all three constructs were tested to identify their relationships with each other. The analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between headmaster leadership, task load and SEIP teacher job satisfaction. There are many studies on these constructs, but the use of SEM analysis for related constructs is still poorly conducted. The findings of this study can serve as a reference to school administrators, especially principals to re-evaluate their leadership so as not to burden teachers and to provide job satisfaction to SEIP teachers.

Irina Korotaeva   and Oksana Chuksina   

At present, The Unified State Exam in foreign languages is taken only by the applicants of Russian language universities and faculties, but it will become obligatory for everybody in 2022 regardless of the choice of their future specialty. In the run-up of this innovation, we have conducted a survey to determine the correlation between the quality of language education in non-linguistic universities and the students' experience of learning English before the University. Russian and international standards of engineering education are discussed in the article in terms of the communicative competence. We compare the target skills of the Unified State Exam and the English program for non-linguistic universities. The aim of our work is to show that the high requirements for foreign language competence of graduates of non-linguistic universities can be achieved if the English level of the applicants is improved. It is highlighted that the effective use of progressive methods of teaching a foreign language is hampered in multi-level mixed-ability classes. The research sample consisted of 517 students; it was conducted in the Department of Foreign Languages for Aerospace Specialties in Moscow Aviation Institute. The results of the survey illustrate the actual quality of language education of the students and their motivation to learn General, Academic, Business and Aviation English at the university at an upgraded level.

Iryna Tatianchykova   Olena Kovshar   and Svitlana Boiko   

The problem of socializing children with intellectual disabilities is revealed in the article as well as the ways of psycho-pedagogical support for their socialization at the stage of integration under the conditions of a special comprehensive school. In terms of present-day social-economic changes in our country, the problem of preparing people with special needs (various intellectual developmental disabilities) for independent living is aggravating. It demands them not only to acquire certain knowledge and skills but also the ability to solve different life problems, to adapt to new conditions determined by life and concrete circumstances, and successfully integrate to different life activity spheres. Thus the socialization support of children should become the important area of correction work at the educational, training and rehabilitation institutions. The influence occurs only under the conditions of special organization of pedagogical process. To reach the purpose and define the peculiarities of socialization among children with intellectual disabilities, empiric methods (talking, questioning, method of export evaluation, questionnairing, interviewing) are used; Study and generalization of pedagogical experience, which reveals the state and competence of teachers concerning the provision of pupils' socialization at the stage of integration at a special general education school, are also applied. The results of introducing the special correction developmental work are represented in the article. The analysis of the results shows the considerable increase of the general socialization level as well as the level of separate indicators at the stage of integration under the conditions of a special comprehensive school. The efficiency of the correction technology of socialization for children with intellectual disabilities proposed by us is emphasized.

Elena U. Ilaltdinova   Galina A. Paputkova   Irina F. Filchenkova   Irina B. Bicheva   and Tatyana F. Krasnopevtseva   

The purpose of the study is to justify the role and content of a comprehensive readiness exam for a future teaching profession in the structure of the independent assessment of the quality of education. The results of testing assessment materials and procedures for a comprehensive readiness exam on students of the Minin University (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) in the educational field "Education and pedagogical sciences" are presented. A comprehensive readiness exam as a component of the independent assessment of the quality of education provides a model of targeted teacher training with a control system. It can be considered a successful solution in the field of teacher training in the formation of Russian national teacher growth system. A comprehensive readiness exam is considered by the authors as a mechanism for selecting motivated and highly qualified personnel and is defined as a comprehensive exam aimed at determining the compliance of real educational results achieved with social and personal expectations about the degree of readiness to receive a pedagogical profession. The components of a comprehensive readiness exam are the student's portfolio, testing in psychology and pedagogy, and (course/training) project defense within the subject area of future pedagogical activity.

Ghulam Safdar   Muhammad Naeem Javed   and Salman Amin   

Current era is called era of internet technology. Internet provides platform where various channels are just one click far away. The core aspire of this research study was to explore internet use for educational learning targeting public universities female students belonging to Punjab Pakistan. The study recorded student's internet usage pattern, level of usage, preferred viewing sites, favorite visiting sites, and most usage time and core reasons of using internet. It also analyzed demographic information of respondents such as hostelries or home, class and urban or rural areas. The study crossed checked the opinion regarding internet usage as well as demographic characteristics. The data was collected using survey methodology. A total sample size of N=1157 respondents were taken from six selected public sectors universities with highest student statistical rate using multi-level sample technique. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and study focused how female university students think about internet as a medium of educational learning at undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate level. The study concluded that internet usage is more common and is the source of inspiration among female for educational learning and enhanced learning trends and searching educational content. Using internet causes dual learning i.e. educational and technological for female and due to multimedia content, internet is a more effective source of learning for female than text books.

Maryam Jahedi   and Lilliati Ismail   

In the past few years, the importance of willingness to communicate (WTC) has received greater attention among scholars in the field as it has generally been found that WTC is closely related to the development of linguistic competence. This study employed the WTC Model (MacIntyre et al., 1998) and Halliday's (1985) Systemic Functional Linguistics to examine Malaysian students' WTC behavior through the analysis of classroom observations, journal entries and interview data. Thematic analysis was used to identify the situational factors affecting students' WTC in classroom discussion interactions. Moreover, linguistic analysis of the data concentrated on interpersonal meaning of tenor to find out how students' WTC was realized and how role relations were established among them through mood patterns and speech functions. The study found the major factors that increased the students' WTC in the classroom discussions including topics of interest, relevance of the topic to one's experience, teaching method, the relationship with peers, etc. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the students' WTC was realized linguistically through the predominant use of declarative and interrogative discourse. Moreover, students tended to react more through supporting moves rather than confronting moves which showed a cooperative and positive atmosphere in the classroom. It can be concluded that students' WTC in a particular situation is related to certain factors that promote their behavioral WTC to be manifested through language.

Kumaran Gengatharan   Azali Bin Rahmat   and Szarmilaa Dewie Krishnan   

This study aims to develop a Health Education assessment module in the classroom for lower primary teachers. The objective of this study is to identify the importance of the assessment module of Health Education in classroom assessment for lower primary teachers. The design used in this study is the design and development research method, which has three phases. The first phase is to analyze the needs, the second phase is design and development, and the third phase is the implementation and assessment of the module. The instrument used in this phase is the questionnaire to identify the importance of assessment material, which is the assessment module for teachers who teach Health Education for lower primary class students in classroom-based assessment. Analysis towards the data of this study was made by using 'SPSS' version 22. Research findings show the importance and the need to develop the assessment module of Health Education for lower primary teachers in conducting the classroom-based assessment. In conclusion, results prove that the Health Education assessment module development is very imperative and essential for teachers in teaching Health Education subject for lower primary students. Not that only, data obtained from the questionnaire show that Health Education teachers felt more comfortable to teach Health Education using the module comparatively as the workload has decreased. The analysis also evidenced that 93.4 percent of teachers think that they can retain the Health Education assessment module as an assessment record. On the whole, this research will be an asset to Malaysia curriculum development.

Shanti Ramanlingam   and Mahendran Maniam   

This study aims to identify the importance of parental involvement in student academic achievement in Primary School in Selangor through school, family and community partnership from teacher's perspective. It focused on the involvement of parents based on six main aspects of Epstein's model i.e. parenting, communication, home-based learning, decision-making, community collaboration and volunteerism. These aspects enable parents' involvement and collaboration with schools and outside communities in order to improve students' academic achievement. This study used a qualitative method, where questionnaire and respondent interviews were used as the research instrument. Snowball sampling was used and a total of four primary school headmasters from high- and low-performing schools were interviewed using a naturalistic investigation technique with an open-ended semi-structured questionnaire containing 10 items in two domains. The purpose of this study was to obtain the information needed to understand parents' perceptions of the importance of their involvement in improving student academic achievement and the collaboration required among schools, families and the community. The data obtained was analyzed using Thematic analysis. The findings showed that, there was a significant positive relationship between parents' involvement and the improvement of academic achievement of the students, namely in the aspects of home teaching, parenting, decision-making and volunteerism. As a conclusion, some new suggestions were made to enhance the involvement of parents in the academic achievement of the Tamil school students.

Mohammad Omar Al-Momani   and Mohareb Ali Alsmadi   

The study aimed to identify Al-Balqa Applied University students' degree of possessing digital-citizenship skills from their points of view, showing its relationship to the (gender and type of academic speciality) variables. The study used the descriptive curriculum where the information was collected through a questionnaire comprising (30) items distributed to three disciplines. The sample of the study comprised (400) male and female students who were selected randomly for the first semester of the academic year (2019-2020). The study concluded that Al-Balqa Applied –University students' degree of possessing digital -citizenship skills was "high" in all disciplines with an average (3.83). There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) among the averages of the sample respondents' responses regarding the study variables. The study recommended increasing the technical support provided for Jordanian universities to develop digital skills and safety among students. This can be done by providing them with modern technological devices and implementing pioneering technological programs and projects in cooperation with private-sector institutions and companies. Besides, the study recommended raising awareness of the principles of digital citizenship to all segments of society and taking measures to ensure safety in the digital society. Also, preparing other studies on digital citizenship should be made to cover other stages of education, such as school and secondary education, postgraduate studies, and university professors.

Hesham Alomyan   Ali Alelaimat   Mohammad Hamzeh   and Deborah Green   

Many children appear to experience low motivation towards learning mathematics, which may negatively impact on their performance and engagement in further learning. More recently, educational games have been presented as a way of improving student motivation and performance in mathematics. The current study aimed to explore the impact that educational games had on the development of number concepts in kindergarten children aged between 5 and 6 years in Amman, Jordan. Employing purposive sampling techniques, fifty-five (N=55) kindergarten children (25 males and 30 females) in private kindergartens participated in the study. The sample was randomly distributed into two groups: twenty-nine (29) in the experimental group and twenty-six (26) in the control group. Researchers developed an innovative Mathematical Educational Games Program (MEGP) and an achievement test for children. Results indicated a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in favour of the experimental group with no significant difference being attributed to gender. In addition, the results showed no interaction between gender and the MEGP. This paper will therefore discuss the implications of these findings on the development of number concepts with kindergarten-aged children.

Muhammad Syakir Y Hairun   Suparman   and Yahya Hairun   

Critical thinking needs to be integrated into the learning of mathematics in the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0. A learning model that supports the inculcation of critical thinking skills is problem-based. To implement the problem-based learning model, appropriate learning resources are needed. However, existing learning resources do not yet support the development of students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the needs of learning resources and then design student worksheets for problem-based learning models to improve critical thinking skills. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of the study were students of Muhammadiyah Middle School. The objects of research are essential skills of thinking, problem-based learning models, and student worksheets. Data collection instruments used interview guidelines, questionnaires, and validation sheets. The data obtained were analyzed using the Miles-Huberman model, which consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. This study produces an analysis of the needs of learning resources that are appropriate to the characteristics of students, curriculum, and subject matter. The study also provided a valid student worksheet design. This student worksheet design can be used by teachers who want to develop student worksheets that fit the problem-based learning model. This student worksheet design is also designed to improve students' critical thinking skills.

Kristelle Ann R. Torres   Joy G. Laduyo   and Christy Liane R. Niem   

Improving the quality of the faculty supposed to be a main concern in improving the quality of education. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the teaching effectiveness and morale of criminology faculty of Laguna State Polytechnic University, Philippines using descriptive-correlational method. The study employed the complete enumeration of the faculty of Criminology of the mentioned University for the First Semester Academic Year 2018-2019 which was thirty-four (34). Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage, weighted mean, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and pearson correlation were employed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) data base software. Results revealed that no significant relationship was found between the profiles and morale of criminology faculty. Oppositely, there was significant relationship between the civil status and status of appointment-profile and teaching effectiveness. This signifies that the aforesaid profile-variables are important in rating the teaching effectiveness of the faculty. This information may be useful in the faculty training program and serves as a guide in higher education classrooms, particularly in criminology education. Although no significant influence was found between teaching effectiveness and morale, it still provides an important perspective as to what is necessary to further develop and foster a working environment that will aid the faculty to be the best possible resource of the University. With this, faculty of Criminology will perform responsibilities with initiatives to continually improve the quality of education delivered to their clientele, particularly students, and contribute to the realization of the University's vision, mission and quality policy.

Fatimah Ramli   Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub   Hutkemri Zulnaidi   Nur Raidah Salim   and Kathiresan Gopal   

This study examined the effectiveness of implementing a problem-based learning (PBL) strategy on the mathematical values of the mathematics secondary school. A quasi-experimental nonrandomized control group post-test design was conducted, which consisted of 62 students in two intact groups. 35 students were placed in the experimental group, while 27 students in the control group participated in this study. Students in the experimental group received the PBL instruction strategy, while the control group learned mathematics using conventional instructional in a classroom for eight weeks. Students' mathematical values were measured using a set of rubrics consisting of nine mathematics educational values. The results of this study showed the students from the PBL strategy group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the conventional instruction strategy group in the overall mathematical values and the subscales of accuracy, conjecturing, consistency, creativity, effective organization, efficient working/ strategies, flexibility, persistence, and systematic working. Therefore, it is recommended that the use of the PBL strategy would help students to understand mathematical values better compared to conventional instruction.

Yurizka Melia Sari   Badrun Kartowagiran   and Heri Retnawati   

The assessment in mathematics proof and reasoning is one of the crucial aspects of mathematics education. It aims to elicit the development and the level of students' mathematics ability. Nevertheless, several challenges arise from implementing proof and reasoning assessment. This study investigated the challenges experienced by the high school teachers in implementing assessment in proof and reasoning. The study sample comprises three groups with different teaching experiences consisting of ten mathematics teachers in each group. The data were collected through a questionnaire, a depth interview, and a focus group discussion. Bogdan and Biklen's qualitative descriptive analysis is used to analyses the obtained data to elicit a particular theme. The significant challenges included dealing with the implementation of reasoning and proof evaluation. The results indicate that (1) in developing item tests, teacher faced challenges in arranging test framework, determining the suitable mathematics topics, and developing scoring framework; (2) during the test implementation, the teachers have difficulties on the time allocation issue; (3) in analyzing of the assessment result, the teachers inadequately describe the students' mathematical reasoning and proof ability. A collaboration involving mathematics teacher's organization with mathematics education experts is needed to counter the challenges. In detail, this collaboration should focus on the assessment of mathematical reasoning and proof implementation.

Djonde Frega A. Antiado   Fermin G. Castillo. Jr.   James Ryan P. Reblando   and Maher Ibrahim Tawadrous   

A knowledge-based economy, exponential changes in technology, increasing number of diverse students, call for innovativeness, community engagement, stiffer competition and demands for accountability put enormous demands in institutions of higher education. The non-teaching staff had taken significant roles in today's academic work environment. However, the challenges of the 21st century bring the non-teaching staff to be in front of the process. By using training needs analysis, we can determine what professional development activities to be given. To ensure its sustainability, professional development programs must focus on and benefit the institution which includes both teaching and non-teaching staff. Nonteaching staffs play vital role in the academic environment because they are in the technical and support side of the educational institution. It is very important that nonteaching staffs should also be knowledgeable with their role and participation in the process. This paper is an eye opener to the top management on the value of non-teaching staff as they portray equally important role same as teaching staff.

Endra Priawasana   I Nyoman Sudana Degeng   Sugeng Utaya   and Dedi Kuswandi   

The learning strategy contributes significantly to achieving learning achievements, but lectures often use many methods of learning. This fact does not match the demands of 21st-century learning that requires creative, critical, and communicative learning. This research aims to analyze the effect of the elaboration learning strategy on students' learning outcomes and critical-thinking skills. A two-factor mixed design (learning strategy and learning achievement) was used by involving 360 students randomly selected from 10 classes of senior high schools in the area of Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Five classes as the experimental classes used the elaboration learning strategy while five others as the control classes used the web teaching approach. After three weeks of treatment, all students are tested with their critical thinking skills and the cognitive abilities of their learning outcomes. Data is processed using multivariate analysis. The results show students' learning achievements (results of learning and critical thinking) as a result of elaborated learning strategies different from the Web teaching-learning strategy. Critical thinking and student learning outcomes use elaboration strategies better than web teaching-learning strategies. The researcher has long developed the elaboration learning strategy, but very few are using it. These results prove the teacher can use this strategy as an alternative in improving students' critical thinking skills.

Ivan Diryana Sudirman   and Iston Dwija Utama, Sherlyn   

Entrepreneurship education in universities tries to produce entrepreneurs through formal education. This relatively new study program faces many challenges in creating graduates who will become a successful entrepreneur. It is expected that with a good GPA, graduates of this study program have a higher chance of becoming successful entrepreneurs. This study tries to predict the GPA from existing datasets using data mining techniques with classification methods. There are several variables involved to predict GPA, namely, attendance, gender, school origin, motivation score, capability score, and observation score. For the last three variables, the data is taken from interview when the student went through an admission selection process. There are three algorithms tested, namely Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Deep Learning. Using RapidMiner, the result from model validation shows that Naïve Bayes algorithm has the highest accuracy for this dataset. The model shows that although the number of female students is smaller but the number of female students whose GPA is above 3.00 is higher than male student because females are more willing to attend lectures. Despite having good capability and attitude, if the students are reluctant to attend the class then it is likely that the GPA students will be below 3.00. This study provides an overview of the use of data mining techniques to predict GPA using the Naive Bayes algorithm. In addition, it is expected that educational institutions can pay more attention to the attendance of their students in class, create teaching strategies that are able to make students present in class, especially for male students.

Yi-Huang Shih   

F. W. Parker was born in New Hampshire, New England, USA, in 1937. Parker's experiences of nature during the time he spent on a farm as a young boy comprise an important period in his life. Moreover, his practical experience of enrollment into teaching positions after graduation, his travels and study in European countries, his tenure as the Superintendent of the Quincy area, and, finally, his appointment as the Principal of Chicago Cook County Normal School are all important life events that shaped Parker's philosophy of children education. By reading and analyzing related literature, this essay searches for educational ideas for children in Parker's light of life path and investigates its implications for Taiwan's education. Parker's educational ideas for children are as follows: (1) children need to be closer to nature, (2) play can ensure a happy life for children in the future, (3) nature music should be integrated into children's learning, (4) teachers should integrate stories into their teaching, (5) teachers need to motivate children's learning interests, (6) children's attention requires cultivation, (7) children should enjoy freedom of expression, and (8) children should be at the center of education processes. Finally, ideas inspired by Parker's life path are applied to contemporary education in Taiwan. The author discusses enlightenment from three aspects: experimental education, adaptive education, and the practice of educational love. This essay hopes to broaden the understanding of Parker's educational ideas for children and utilize this knowledge to expand the horizon of Taiwanese education.

Elena Ermolaevna Dmitrieva   Elena Yurievna Medvedeva   Elena Alexandrovna Olkhina   Svetlana Evgenievna Uromova   and Svetlana Nikolayevna Kashtanova   

The article presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of an age-related psychological formation - social competence in preschool children with disabilities. The characteristic of diagnostic tools aims at studying the cognitive, emotional and behavioral component of social competence is given. The article reveals the conceptual foundations and stages of experimental research. At the first stage of the study, the levels of social competence formation have been identified and described in accordance with the identified assessment criteria. The analysis of the influence of the level of development of social competence components on the process of social adaptation to new conditions in special (correctional) and inclusive educational organizations has been presented. The experimental data presented in the study indicate systemic lack of social competence in preschool children with disabilities of various nosological groups (children with mental retardation, children with mild mental retardation, children with general speech underdevelopment, and children with visual impairments). At the second stage of the study, it has been indicated that the pedagogically organized inclusion of children with disabilities into the system of new social relations (at the stage of adaptation to school) is a key condition for their successful socialization. The necessity of the activation of their developmental capabilities in a changing situation of social development has been substantiated. It is proved that the social competence of children with disabilities will be the subjective prerequisite of school adaptation.

Arif   Patta Bundu   and Nurdin Arsyad   

This research is a research and development that aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the results of the development of mathematics learning tools with a scaffolding-assisted problem-posing approach. The procedure for developing learning tools is done by adapting the 4-D model from (1) which consists of the steps of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research subjects were 27 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sindue in Donggala Regency. The results showed that the learning tools which included: lesson plans, student activity sheets, and learning outcome assessment instruments were in the very valid category, while the teacher's books and students' books were in the valid category; learning tools developed meet practical criteria because the ability of teachers to manage learning in both categories and the teacher's response to the use of learning tools is positive; learning tools are declared effective, because an increase in the character of students, student learning outcomes are completed classically; Student activities reach ideal criteria, and students respond positively to learning tools.

Tono Suwartono   and Putu Kerti Nitiasih   

EFL teachers take the position as front-liners in attempt to promote the nation's human resource quality. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, the competence of EFL teachers remains low. Some teachers take steps to solve this problem. This study aimed to investigate the participation of two urban primary school EFL teachers in professional development and its impact on their teaching performance. Semi-structured interviews with the teachers and colleagues were conducted, documents were collected, and student questionnaires were administered. Data were analyzed using inductive technique, content analysis, and descriptive statistics. The study has shown that the two EFL teachers' participation in professional development was not yet optimal. Indeed, in quantity, their participation was above average. In quality, however, inadequate attention was given primarily to relevance and role taking. With regard to teaching performance, the study has shown that the two teachers' performance was not optimal, either. Their personal and social competences were extremely superior to the pedagogical and professional ones. The latter should have been more demanding in order to attain a better learning process as well as outcome. At last, the study has revealed that despite their urban work environment the two EFL teachers' less quality participation in professional development was believed to have its unsatisfactory impact on their performance in classroom.

Novri Gazali   and Romi Cendra   

The purpose of this study is to look for the validity of badminton textbooks for Physical Education and Recreational Education students. This type of research is research and development research. The study procedure uses development procedures according to Borg and Gall, namely: "(1) Research and information collecting, (2) planning, (3) developing preliminary forms of product, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) main product revision, ( 6) main field testing, operational product revision, (8) operational field testing, (9) final product revision, (10) dissemination and distribution." In developing the research, it does not use entirely but only with 7 steps, namely 1) needs analysis, 2) makes products consisting of preparation of material preparation, instructional, books, and evaluation tools, 3) product validation consisting of media experts, learning experts, 4 ) small group trials using subjects 6-12 people, interview data, observations, and questionnaires are collected and analyzed, 5) revises phase I products, 6) large group trials using subjects 30-100. 7) phase II product revision. This textbook research used a questionnaire, namely (1) needs analysis questionnaire, (2) expert trials, (3) small groups, and (4) large groups. The conclusion of this study is that the validity score of this textbook is very high and this badminton textbook is very feasible to use because it has been validated by the material expert and instructor media.

T. I. Monastyrskaya   N. L. Mikidenko   G. V. Toropchin   and S. P. Storozheva   

The ethical issues of adaptation of ethnic migrant children retain their relevance taking into account the high influx of migrant labourers during the previous decade both in the territory of Russia as a whole as well as Siberia. The authors explore the problems that these students face as they relate to gender and their sociocultural and educational adaptation in the learning environment of a secondary school. Considering international and Russian experience of gender studies in this field, the authors concentrate on the differences in the process of adaptation in girls and boys. Based on the analysis of the result of an original sociological study, the paper characterizes gender tendencies in a subjective assessment of school performance in migrant students, organization of additional activities within the curricula and elective courses, camps and workshops, and involvement in various celebrations. An evaluation of the correlation between cultural and educational practices of the host society and traditional models of upbringing boys and girls has been made. The authors draw attention to the necessity of undertaking various and different approaches in terms of assisting each gender to adapt to the learning environment. The findings are useful for teachers, social workers and school psychologists working with migrant students.

Heru Kurniawan   Budiyono   Sajidan   and Siswandari   

This study aims to: 1) find out whether problem-solving performance in students who are subjected to the CPA approach is better than problem-solving performance in students who are subjected to conventional approaches, 2) find out whether learning motivation in students who are subjected to the CPA approach is better than learning motivation in students who are subjected to conventional approaches. The study was conducted on 7th-grade junior high school students in Purworejo Regency. This study was an experimental study involving 91 students in the experimental class and 96 students in the control class. The research instrument used observation sheets of student learning motivation and tests consisting of 20 multiple choice test items and 5 essay test items. The data analysis technique uses a paired sample T-test to see the improvement of problem-solving performance and independent sample T-test to see the difference in the influence of the CPA Approach with the conventional approach. The results showed that: 1) problem-solving performance in students who are subjected to the CPA approach is better than problem-solving performance in students who are subjected to conventional approaches, 2) motivation to learn in students who are subjected to the CPA approach is better than learning motivation in students who are subjected to conventional approaches. The results also show that the CPA Approach can encourage students to solve problems with nonstandard procedures.

Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob   Aliff Nawi   Mat Rahimi Yusof   Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee   Hapini Awang   Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree   Mohd Affendi Ahmad Pozin   and Akhmad Habibi   

Education for sustainable development allows each modern humans being to obtain the information, skills, attitudes and principles necessary to shape a sustainable future. The word Geo derives from the Greek word meaning "earth" which can also be interpreted in the sense of land, global or Earth-related. The purpose of this study is to analyze expert consensus for the new educational module, Geo-Education. The objective of this study is to obtain from 12 expert views to build the questionnaire of Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) in 10 points Likert scale and consensus on Primer; Natural Ecosystem; Issues and Problems; Sustainable Lifestyle; and Cross-Curricular. The methodology of this research used quantitative fuzzy Delphi analysis. The instrument consists of five sections covering 25 review items for expert consensus. The findings show that experts have consensus agree on all 25 items exceeds 75%, and all defuzzification values for each item exceeds the value of α-cut = 0.5. That means all those items are accepted by the experts. Fuzzy Delphi Method enhanced the accuracy of the questionnaire about Geo-Education module. This study has provided preliminary information on Geo-Education module aspects that need to be focused on Primary; Natural Ecosystem; Issues and Problems; Sustainable Lifestyle; and Cross-Curricular in the process of developing effective teaching and learning modules. The implication concludes that the Geo-Education Module can be used as guidance to the Ministry of Education Malaysia to supplement the teaching materials to teachers training institutes.

Nikollaq Pano   and Ira Gjika   

Entrepreneurship is a process characterized by the pursuit of opportunity. It is a series of steps that combines knowledge and skills to enable the process of value creation in fulfilling a market need. The role of education is increasing in successful entrepreneurial activities worldwide. Our work intends to contribute in highlighting and strengthening relations between university education and entrepreneurship in Albanian context. Following the European Directive "Rethinking Education Strategy" several Albanian universities are considering new methods for encouraging university ventures. One of the means suggested is through digital platforms established by and in universities that can play a significant role to push Albanian university education towards the closest collaboration with entrepreneurship and market. After the 'business incubators' wave, digital platforms are becoming the main stimulating tool of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit for young people, successfully used by many foreign universities. This study presents a new platform called Launchpad Albania, purposely designed to stimulate the development of new business ideas and to evaluate their success probability. Mainly intended for use by university students, it helps to find associates that support the business ideas and assist with business plan drawing. The expectations from this study are to facilitate establishment of digital platforms where universities, private businesses, banks, students, and lecturers are involved for entrepreneurial activities. This is the main theoretical and practical contribution to the benefit of Albanian universities in their efforts to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit, both at the individual and institutional level.

Nataliia Demeshkant   

Preparing quality academic teachers for modern digital native students is an essential task for higher educational institutions. Professional teachers' digital competencies combine professional, pedagogical, and technological knowledge and skills as well as beliefs regarding integrating technology in teaching practice. This article is an attempt to study the personal level of digital competence of PhD students as future academic teachers. The paper presents statements from an ongoing study (n=120) piloting large scale longitudinal qualitative teachers' surveys between 2017 and 2020. The first part of the research started in 2017 to attempt to recognize the personal level of digital competence of PhD students as future academic teachers. The study was conducted during 2017-2018 at the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. To study the levels of digital competence, a special questionnaire based on the European Competency Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators was used. The study results show different levels of digital competence depending on the students' field of study and specialty. The highest technological scores were demonstrated by PhD students of engineering specializations. However, the results also showed that on average PhD students do not feel well prepared for the practical use of digital techniques in teaching activities. The preliminary study results indicate the need to improve PhD training programs including various ways of developing students' skills for making better use of digital technology for teaching and learning.

Budi Murtiyasa   and Wulan Rahma Galuh Perwita   

Mathematical literacy in Indonesia has until now become a major problem in the study of international PISA surveys. This study aims to describe the abilities of students' mathematical literacy in solving PISA-oriented problems with change and relationship content. This work is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques include tests, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study are carried out with three activities namely reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. To ensure the validity of the data, triangulation technique is used. The research subjects are 31 middle school students of year 9. Based on the analysis of students' abilities by using average calculations and standard deviations, it is obtained that the student ability could be categorized into high, medium, and low ability. The results show that for the five abilities in the process of mathematical literacy, most students had communication skills. However, they have lower ability in mathematical, reasoning and argument, as well as identifying and determining strategies for solving the problems.

Sudarno Shobron   Ari Anshori   and Damanhuri, Muthoifin   

The aim of this research is to know how the students at Darussalam University (UNIDA) Gontor Indonesia develop soft skills method, and what the factors that help and impede the production of UNIDA Gontor Indonesia student soft skills methods perspective of Islamic education are. In the qualitative analysis this research included the extension of the data collected as framework for this analysis and area for this research (field research) The characteristic of the study is similar to case study because the focus of its review, UNIDA students in the Management Faculty of Business Administration, which is located on Gontor campus. Then the data already collected was analyzed which was achieved by the data method structured. Data gathered by reporting, evaluation, and interview techniques. We seek to sort, group and categorize all the data that has been collected by supervised techniques so that the theme can be identified in accordance with UNIDA students' creation soft skills process. Based on the researchers' empirical findings, it was concluded that the approach applied to UNIDA students in the educational of soft skills is with briefing, task, preparation, habituations, exemplary, escort and humanity, with its commitment to life, its plan and its idialism. So the students in societies are ready to face life. While the supporting factors soft Skills education are freedom, good leadership, environmentalists supporting consultancy, infrastructure, and collaboration with various institutions. Resistor factors are inhibiting factor which is some students' lack of understanding of the value of UNIDA's well kept activities in the classroom, dormitory and community.

Valery Okulich-Kazarin   

The goal of the study was verification of the hypothesis: students of East European universities are subjects of educational services. The study was carried out since December 2018 till December 2019. The following research methods were used in the work: empirical methods (the study of normative legal acts and scientific-methodological literature; content analysis of scientific sources and standards for higher professional education; monitoring of publications); methods of theoretical analysis (comparative and retrospective one; specification and generalization; classification; induction and deduction); mathematical and graphical methods for data analysis of research, verification of statistical hypotheses. The legal relations between the subjects of educational services in some East European countries have been studied. The results have a very important scientific and practical significance: 1. It is statistically proven that students of East European universities are not subjects of educational services. The result is highly statistically significant (0.01). 2. There were given recommendations for Governments of East European countries. 3. There were given recommendations for the authorities of East European universities.

Wirawani Kamarulzaman   and Wong Huey Siew   

Open Distance Learning (ODL) is an approach in education practices in Open University Malaysia (OUM). One of its programs that are offered through ODL is the Bachelor of Psychology (BPSY) and it is one of the programs with the highest student intake in OUM. Since the program has been commencing for more than 10 years, it is the time to evaluate whether the program needs any revisions or improvements. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the level of satisfaction of students on the Psychology program offered in OUM. A questionnaire was developed for this purpose which includes 4 areas of students' satisfaction, namely the learning materials, student perceptions on their tutors, assessment matters, as well as the overall program structure. The questionnaires were distributed to more than 1000 active students through online and face-to-face tutorials. A total of 439 students participated in the study. The results indicated that students are most satisfied with the overall program structure and least satisfied with the assessment matters with the mean score of 3.98 and 3.59 respectively. The study certainly benefits the university in taking action to revise and improve the program. Recommendation for future research is included at the end of the paper.

Novi Andri Nurcahyono   Sufyani Prabawanto   Didi Suryadi   Teguh Wibowo   and Eka Novarina   

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the instrument to measure the imagination of junior high school students. As for the stages carried out include: 1) conducting a literature study to get indicators of mathematical imagination ability, 2) preparing instruments based on the indicators obtained, and 3) testing the validity and readability test of the instruments that have been prepared. The readability test was conducted by 30 junior high students, while the validity test was conducted by 6 experts consisting of 2 learning experts in junior high school, 2 learning evaluation experts, and 2 mathematics education experts. Readability test results state that of the 12 items created, 6 questions can be understood by students, while the other 6 questions cannot be understood by students. Furthermore, 6 questions that can be understood by students were tested for validity. The test results show that 3 items are declared valid without revision, 3 items are declared to need revision. There is 1 item that needs to be revised answer key. The validator also provides suggestions to sort the questions from the easiest to the most difficult questions.

Rahmi Ramadhani   and Yulia Fitri   

This study aims to develop an electronics mathematics learning module (MLM) using SIGIL software in the form of ePUB3 which can be used to improve the statistical thinking skills of high school students in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research is a research and development (R&D) study with an ASSURE design model consisting of 6 stages, including analyzing learners, state objectives; select methods, media and materials; util media and materials; require participant learner; evaluate and revise. At the product validation stage, ePUB3-eMLM can be applied in mathematics learning in the field. The results of the development of ePUB3-eMLM are implemented to three high schools with cluster types: accreditation school A, accreditation school B and accreditation school C. The implementation of ePUB3-ebook mathematics uses a flipped classroom model combined with a project-based learning model in the face-to-phase phase face learning. Based on the results of the development and implementation, it is obtained that ePUB3-eMLM that has been developed is valid and effective in improving the statistical thinking skills of high school students in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Tri Yaumil Falikah   Zalik Nuryana   Anaas Tri Ridlo Dina Yuliana   and Fandi Akhmad   

This research aimed to find out whether or not a relationship exists between social support and resilience power and achievement motivation for children who live in orphanage environment. The approach which was utilized in this research was quantitative to know the relationship level between social support and Achievement motivation and between resilience and exceptional motivation. The population study as the research subjects; they are 44 teenagers in total who live in Aisiyah Kudus Orphanage whose age is between 13 to 18 years old. The data analysis which was utilized in this research was regression analysis towards the proposed hypothesis. The result insicates positive and significant relationship between social support and achievement motivation with a corelation coefficien (r) of 0.149 with signifiance level 0.002. Besides, it is found positive and significant relationship between resilience and achievement motivation with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.476 with significance level 0,000. The significance scores 0,002 and 0,000, which are lower than probability score 0,05 (p< 0,05) indicate that the working hypothesis in this research is accepted, which shows relationship between social support and resilience and achievement motivation. However, if it is seen from weak correlation coefficient, it can be said that social support and resilience are only a small part of factors that cause the emergence of achievement motivation.

Jake M. Laguador   Nemy H. Chavez-Prinsipe   and Evelyn L. De Castro   

The study explored on the development needs of engineering students on employability skills and its relationship with their internship performance evaluation from the head of the company or department. The study utilized a quantitative descriptive type of research with 125 total engineering graduates from an academic institution in the Philippines. Results of the study showed that engineering students have excellent internship performance evaluation rating with regard to attitude, personality, knowledge and skills. They have identified the System Thinking Skill with very high development need, assessment on employability skills along with critical thinking and interpersonal skill. Meanwhile, they considered literacy and numeracy as well as work ethics and management skills as they have already developed. Test of relationship showed that skill development needs in terms of literacy and numeracy, management skill and work ethics have significant negative correlation to the four aspects of internship performance evaluation while positive relationship exists between skill development needs in terms of critical thinking and system thinking skills and the internship performance.

Nurdiyah Lestari   K. Ivo Basri   St. Muthmainnah Yusuf   S. Suciati   and Mohammad Masykuri   

This study was intended to: (1) describe the results of the development of the Life Skill integrated Science-PBL module, (2) analyze the feasibility of the Life Skill integrated Science-PBL module, and (3) oversee the effectiveness of the module to improve critical thinking skills of students at the secondary school level. The development model used was the 4D Thiagarajan model which consisted of four stages of development, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The study sample was taken as many as 97 students from three different schools. The data collection instruments were questionnaires, observation sheets, and tests of critical thinking skills. The feasibility test involved material and media expert lecturers, as well as practitioners. The effectiveness of the module was measured by finding a normalized gain score for the pretest-posttest conducted during a field trial or implementation trial. The results suggested that the Life Skill integrated Science-PBL module was suitable for use in the learning process based on the results of the validation of experts and practitioners. The calculation of the N-gain obtained the value of 0.72, which meant that the Life Skill integrated Science-PBL module was effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The results of the questionnaire analysis of student and teacher responses showed that overall, the module received good responses.

Nurfaradilla Mohamad Nasri   Nurfarahin Nasri   and Mohamad Asyraf Abd Talib   

The quality of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers is the main determinant for achieving high quality STEM education. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of STEM education and ensure its objectives are achieved, the quality of STEM teacher should be improved. This research aims to propose an early framework of STEM Teacher Standard which could potentially serve as a guideline for STEM teachers to evaluate their competency. Delphi method (3 rounds) which involved expert panels (n=20); consisting of STEM teacher educators (n=10) and STEM school teachers (n=10) were employed. The findings show two key dimensions essential in producing quality STEM teacher namely 'Teaching and Learning Skill' and 'Knowledge and Understanding' dimension. Interestingly, findings indicate that Teacher Professionalism dimension is the least important in producing quality STEM teacher despite being greatly emphasised by other researchers. It is argued that the exam-oriented structure of the Malaysia national education system puts an increasing demand on STEM teachers to practice effective teaching approaches to transmit the knowledge to the students. The Early Framework of the Malaysia STEM Teacher Standard could assist STEM teachers to evaluate their competencies and serve as a guide for STEM teacher educators at higher education institutions to develop a responsive and comprehensive teacher training curriculum in producing quality STEM teachers.

Charanjit Kaur Swaran Singh   Tunku Mohani Tunku Mohtar   Napisah Kepol   Nadiah Yan Abdullah   Mazyanie Mat   Sasigaran Moneyam   Tarsame Singh Masa Singh   Eng Tek Ong   Melor Md Yunus   Ilmi Zajuli Ichsan   and Henita Rahmayanti   

In Malaysia, English as a second language (ESL) students vary widely in terms of language proficiency. Their performance in writing shows a great disparity. The good students are able to write excellently while the weak ones struggle to write. The aim of this study was to validate the scaffolding models and modules for teaching the writing skills particularly to weak learners of English. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. It was employed throughout the whole study except for ascertaining the students' performance in tests given to them for which a quantitative approach was used. The techniques for collecting data were document analysis, classroom observation, interviews and tests. Data from the lessons observed were triangulated with those obtained from the teachers' lesson plans. The findings have shown positive and favourable effects of scaffolding on the teaching and learning of writing among weak ESL learners. The effectiveness of the model was seen in the strategies used by the teachers. The teachers were competent in teaching English language lessons as they had more than five years of teaching English to weak students.

Amor Mia Arandia   Melfi Caranto   and Reynold Padagas   

Delivering quality instruction is fundamental in any educational institution and, this calls for a teacher sense of responsibility. Teachers create their instructional designs for specific courses and ensure that resources are available to achieve learning objectives. However, some instructional designs of several courses appear to be containing similar components, including contents; hence, this study evaluated three courses. These courses include Understanding the Self (UTS C101), a new general education subject in college is believed to be overlapping in terms of content with Strategies for Personality Development (PD), a course in Senior High School (SHS) and Freshmen Orientation Seminar (FOS 101), a unique course taken by freshmen college students in a private university in the Philippines. Since the courses are reputed to be related and presumed intertwined in terms of curricular content, the researchers embarked on a comparative-document analysis using the syllabus containing lessons, teaching methodologies, and student assessment methods. The findings showed an array of similarities and differences of lessons taught, learning activities, student learning assessment strategies, and other pedagogical methods used. The results have direct implications for the University to be able to foster curricular improvements and ensure complementarity between and among the three courses explored. This is also in response to the challenges brought by outcomes-based education, which was newly integrated as an educational framework in the University. A policy recommendation for the University was initiated based on the results of this study.

Pashmina Nisar Pathan   Dhani Bux Shah   Nabeel Nisar   and Zarina Mustafa   

The present study aims to get an insight into the learning perspectives of students who obtain 3+ GPA at the Business department of a Public Sector University in Pakistan. This study includes 4 undergraduate business students from 8^th semester (2 males and 2 females) who maintained 3+ GPA till 7^th semester. A qualitative case study approach was selected. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews i.e. one-to-one and focused group interviews. Open-coding strategy was used to analyze data and data was reported thematically. Findings of this study reveal that students perceive learning as practicality approach. Students perceive that learning is whatever they perform in perspective of physical condition and their learning occurs when they are provided with any situation in real context. Finding also shows the harmful factors which hinder students' learning and also suggestions to address those factors. This study has a number of implications for students, teachers and university policy makers. The study provides some recommendations that could be taken into account by university management, policy makers and teachers and in order to set up and deliver effective learning opportunities for students by recognizing different ways of learning, which would bring benefits to students. This study is a first attempt to explore the learning perspectives of students in a business department of a public sector university in Pakistan and it will contribute to low achievers to get higher GPA by applying the results.

Riswandi   Lungit Wicaksono   Mujiyati   and Renti Oktaria   

The purpose of this study is to implement a learning organization to realize an effective school in the framework of developing an elementary school management model. The implementation is carried out by applying five components, namely personal mastery, system thinking, mental models, shared vision and team learning. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Research data collection was carried out using an effective school measurement instrument consisting of 40 assessment indicators. The instruments were analyzed using the Rasch Model approach through the Winstep program. Data analysis techniques used t-test. The results showed that the learning organization in the education management model can improve effective schools in the aspects of input, process, output, and feedback. Data analysis was performed using the Rasch Model approach through the Winsteps program for Effective School scale measurement instruments. Alpha Cronbach's value of 0.75 which measures reliability is the interaction between person and items as a whole that are in the good category. The unidimensionality of instruments is an important measure to evaluate whether the instrument is capable of measuring what it should be. Raw variance data is 26.1%. This shows that a minimum requirement of 20% can be fulfilled. From the calculation, results show that t-count ≥ t-table, which is 5.975 ≥ 1.664. It can be stated that the learning organization in the effective education management model can improve effective schools in primary schools in Pringsewu District.

Syahrur Rohmah   Tri Atmojo Kusmayadi   and Laila Fitriana   

Mathematical resilience is one of the non-intellectual aspects that students must have to overcome anxiety, so students will have a diligent, persistent and confident attitude to be able to solve problems in mathematics. Problem solving skills are high-level thinking skills that must be possessed by students. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with 274 students from three junior high schools in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia, respectively with high, moderate, and low school categories. The purpose of this study is to find out which kind of students have better mathematical problem solving abilities among students with high, medium and low mathematical resilience categories. The data analysis technique used is the one-way ANOVA with unbalanced cells and post hoc test using the Scheffe method. Based on the statistical analysis, the problem solving skills of students who have high resilience are as effective as those of students who have moderate resilience. Students with moderate resilience have the same effective problem solving skills as those who have low resilience, and students with high resilience have better problem solving skills than those who have low resilience.

Cherif Alaoui Mrani   Abdelkrim El hajjami   and Khalid El khattabi   

Since 2000 till nowadays, the Moroccan educational system is increasingly evolving towards the optimal adoption of the competency-based approach that focuses on the learner. From this perspective, it is necessary to search for new pedagogical tools that can emulate the real experiment in creating motivational learning environments and improving the process of acquiring competences, especially with the shortage of experimental equipment in school lab. With the growing interest in ICT (Information Communication Technology), the use of interactive simulations has emerged as a true competitor to the real experience, and an effective alternative to traditional practices. This work aims to study the impact of using the interactive simulation product "Buoyancy" created as part of the physics project Education Technology (PhET), on the understanding and learning of common core science students. A comparative study has been performed between the interactive simulations using PhET tool and the real experience, considering acquiring and applying the cognitive skills as a key performance indicator. The experience has occurred with the adoption of a pre-test and post-test method. At the end of the session, we invited the simulation group learners to rate the sequence using a survey form. Obtained results have shown that PhET simulations have a remarkable effect on the acquisition and the application of new knowledge in Archimedes' thrust lesson; these effects are comparable with those of real experience. Moreover, the found results have shown a huge improvement in some other indicators like motivation, engagement and interaction inter-learners compared to the traditional method.

Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree   Mohd-Hibatul-Hakimie Mahmood   Siti-Saadiah Haji-Mohd-Noor   Muhammad Dzahir Kasa   Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob   M. S Omar-Fauzee   and Fatimah Noor Rashidah Mohd Sofian   

Circular Letter No 3/1987 issued by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia makes it clear that the supervision of teaching and learning in the classroom is the responsibility of the principal or headmaster to fulfill his role as supervisor. However, school administrators are still not emphasizing this dimension of teaching and teaching supervision, as a result, there may be shortcomings in the pedagogical skills and the quality of the teaching material of teachers. Recognizing the importance of supervisory processes to enhance teacher professionalism, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between teaching and learning supervision skills and teacher self-efficacy, as well as to examine the influence of teaching and learning supervision dimensions on teaching effectiveness. This study was conducted among 211 teachers who participated in the teaching and learning supervision process in 13 primary schools selected by the Jeli District Education Office, Kelantan. The questionnaire was used to collect data and information. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between supervisory skills and teacher self-efficacy (r=0.44, p=0.00), while regression analysis to examine the influence of teaching and learning supervision showed that the technical dimension was moderate (r=0.43, r2=0.185, p<0.05) and the knowledge dimension was also moderate (r=0.45, r2=0.200, p<0.05). This finding clearly shows that the quality of teaching and learning supervision will contribute to increased self-efficacy of teachers. The study also shows that the dimension of knowledge skills has the greatest impact on teacher self-efficiency. In summary, the quality of supervision of teaching and learning should not be neglected, as the findings of the study clearly show that these variables are related to teacher self-efficacy, which cannot be denied as a catalyst for the performance of a school.

Amaliyah Ulfah   and Siwi Purwanti   

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of thematic textbooks based on local wisdom on the cooperation character in grade 1 elementary school students. The study used was Quasi Experiment with the Pretest-Posttest Group design. The subjects of this study were grade 1 students of primary school. The control group was class 1B with a total of 26 students, and the experimental group was class 1A with 27 students. The data was collected through observation and analyzed using parametric statistical data. The hypothesis test used Independent Sample T test. The results of the study show that the implementation of thematic textbooks based on local wisdom is effective towards students' cooperation character. In addition, the use of textbooks based on local wisdom in the experimental class increases students' character of cooperation in all indicators, such as participating actively in group discussions, receiving opinions from friends in discussions, creating an atmosphere that is familiar in group discussions, supporting friends who give opinions, and giving motivation to less active group members.

Antonio Jr. T. Enerio   

This case study explored the Master Teachers' challenges in doing action research. It sought to find out Master Teachers' understanding of action research, reasons why they were unable to do one, type of assistance they need and its implication to their performance rating. It utilized a semi-structured interview, and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on the findings, the Master Teachers have good understanding of the meaning of action research. However, they were unable to do an action research, because they have no time to do it; but they are willing to do it if someone guides them through the process. They realized that if they will not do an action research, it will not affect their performance rating. It is recommended that these Master Teachers should be helped in managing their time through a one-year action plan and school calendar, incorporating all DepEd activities, deadlines for submission of paperwork, schedule for classroom observations, and timeline for going through the process of action research, to ensure that they have a guide on what and when to do a specific task. This will help them manage their time and do an action research.

Zachary Farouk Chai   Suyansah Swanto   and Wardatul Akmam Din   

Vocabulary is an integral part of a language and language education. In view of the close relationship between vocabulary knowledge and language learning, there is a significant need for language learners, especially in the ESL context, to develop, enrich and master their vocabulary in order to be proficient users of the language. ESL teachers could help learners acquire vocabulary knowledge if they have the pedagogical knowledge on how vocabulary may be learned and taught effectively. The study aimed to determine Malaysian primary school learners' vocabulary achievement by using cloze-test based tasks. A total of five primary schools from Sabah, Malaysia were selected in this study. The total number of research participants was 135 and they were at low to intermediate level of proficiency. This study made use of four different cloze-based passages as research instruments in assessing learners' vocabulary knowledge. This research primarily concerned on the descriptive data in the form of frequency and percentage of the learners' vocabulary achievement scores and qualitative data from semi-structured interview. The findings of this study revealed that the research participants scored well in the fourth task whereby cloze-based passages were given along with general pictures and multiple-choice items. A significant correlation between these four variants of cloze-based task with the learners' vocabulary achievement was established. The main pedagogical implication of the research is that teachers should ponder what type of variants to be used in vocabulary task as this could enhance ESL learners' vocabulary achievement.

Leli Halimah   Iis Marwati   and Fauzi Abdillah   

One of the challenges in education in the twenty-first century is to develop students' creativity. Although, generally speaking, students' creativity can be nurtured and encouraged, and although creativity alone can even be taught, fostering the creativity of elementary school pupils in project-based learning is worth investigation. To fill the gap, the present case study was aimed to investigate how learner creativity in project-based learning can be fostered through an assessment called lapbooking. This study was conducted at the Laboratory Elementary School of the Indonesia University of Education. The study involved a fifth-grade teacher and 24 students aged between 10 and 11 years who voluntarily enrolled to this study. Data were garnered from field notes, journals, interviews, and learning portfolios. Furthermore, a descriptive approach was employed to analyze and interpret the data to make meaning of the research findings. The results of the study showcase that the implementation of project-based learning with lapbooking could challenge the student participants to develop their creativity by exploring and creating interesting projects. Therefore, it can be concluded that lapbooking in project-based learning can foster students' creativity.

J. Julia   Encep Supriatna   I. Isrokatun   Iis Aisyah   Arif Hakim   and Adeola Aminat Odebode   

This research seeks to map several significant aspects in moral education bibliography. The mapping of moral education research that covers the country of contributors, collaborating authors, terms used in article titles and abstracts is needed to direct future research. The aim of this article is at classifying and analyzing moral education studies published in reputable international journals during 2010-2019 through a bibliometric study. This study uses the systematic and structured mind mapping method. There are four stages of the study: (1) searching for articles using the Publish or Perish application from the Scopus database, (2) filtering out articles to be included in bibliometric analysis, (3) checking and completing article metadata, and (4) conducting bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer application. The results of the analysis were: (1) the countries of authors who publish moral education articles. Many countries have contributed in journal publications and the largest contributor is the United States. Analysis results showed that author collaboration did not occur often in moral education articles. (3) The most widely used terms in moral education article titles. The most used term is ‘moral education'. (4) The most widely used abstract terms in moral education articles. The most used term in moral education articles is ‘moral education'. This study concluded that the research on modal education has been spread in many countries, although the collaboration between institutions or the state is still lacking. Collaboration becomes an opportunity.

Moch Rifai   Siti Masitoh   Bachtiar S. Bachri   Wawan H. Setyawan   Nurdyansyah   and Hesty Puspitasari   

Electronic design automation software is a part of software learning. This study uses digital electronic circuit design software as learning media, namely, Electronic Design Automation (EDA), in the form of simulations and a guided inquiry learning model in higher engineering education. The device is a type of multimedia, because it involves graphics, animation, and text as external data. The software facilitates the learning process of cadets using the guided inquiry learning model. Given its accessibility, mobile learning has its own advantages. This study uses quantitative data with a type of quasi-experimental research. The sample consists of 100 cadets in the engineering study program. Results show that the model can improve the learning process of cadets in the air digital engineering program subject, in which the implementation of the model has been integrated into a special theme from the test scores and results of cadets. An effect is observed on the use of the EDA and guided inquiry model to the learning outcome and motivation of cadets in engineering education. The researchers concluded that the implementation of EDA and the guided inquiry model are effective. In addition, it provides benefits for practitioners and educators in improving the learning outcomes and motivation of cadets in engineering education.

Ngo Truc Phuong   and Nguyen Phu Loc   

The ratio is a mathematical concept that is useful in real life. In Vietnam, at an elementary level, students are acquainted with ratios in grade 4 through word problems and arithmetic operations. In grade 5, students continue to be familiar with proportional quantities and percentages which are related to ratios. In secondary schools, students will continue to study the slope of a straight line and trigonometric concepts which are essential applications of the ratio. Therefore, it is essential to help Vietnamese students understand the concept of a ratio and successfully solve word problems involving ratios. It should be an indispensable objective in teaching mathematics at primary levels in general and in grades 4-5 in particular. The paper presents the results of the analysis of mathematical content related to the ratio in primary mathematics textbooks of Vietnam and an experiment on solving word problems related to ratios of the fifth-grade students. It was found out that the misconceptions of ratio and lack of solving strategies cause primary school students' difficulties in solving word problems involving ratio. From that, the authors propose some solutions to improve students' abilities in solving these problems.

İrem Görkem Çetinkaya   and Filiz Yalçin Tilfarlioğlu   

This study mainly investigated (a) the relationship among grammar learning strategies, self-efficacy and learner autonomy and (b) their effects on academic success. Investigating all of them gives some clues for classroom practice. The study was conducted at Gaziantep University Foreign Languages Higher School with the participation of 350 students from four different proficiency levels (elementary, pre-intermediate, intermediate and upper-intermediate). The data were collected through a questionnaire that has three parts with 65-items. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed by means of the quantitative method including calculating descriptive statistics. According to analysis results, there is a positive relationship between grammar learning strategies and academic success (r=.185 p>.01), self-efficacy and academic success (r=.455 p>.01) and learner autonomy and academic success (r=.120 p>.01). When grammar learning strategies, self-efficacy and learner autonomy were investigated together, it was observed that there was a statistically positive relationship with academic success (r=.472 p>.01).

Khaerudin   Sudji Munadi   and Supianto   

The industrial revolution 4.0 has changed the way humans communicate and obtain information. Social interactions occur on social media, like in the real world. A person's attitude and character can be easily assessed through these patterns of social interaction. This research is a semi-systematic review that aims to map and describe various social media-based assessment methods. Data was collected through literature surveys related to affective assessments and studies related to the use of social media in learning and assessment. Data were synthesized with a meta-aggregation synthesis technique. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of the importance of affective assessment, the potential of social media in education, specifically learning and assessment, and present various alternative assessment methods that can be chosen by educators in assessing the affective domain. The results of this study indicate that three theories underlie the use of social media in education, namely sociocultural, distributed cognition, and situated cognition. The benefits that can be obtained from the use of social media in the assessment are flexible, easily repeated, convenient, and easily accessible. Four affective assessment methods can be done through social media, including self-assessment, peer assessment, language pattern analysis, and group assessment. The four assessment methods can be an alternative that can be chosen by the teacher in assessing students using social media.

Amanpreet Kaur Gurdarshan Singh   and Mahendran Maniam   

English language is one of the most important and second language after Bahasa Melayu, which is also a national language in Malaysia. Writing in English language is one of the most difficult skills for Malaysian students, especially if they do not have a good proficiency in the language. Objective of this study is to identify L2 (English) syntax transferred negatively and positively from L1 (Bahasa Melayu) in writing English (L2) essays among Form Two secondary school students. The design of this study is a qualitative which is appropriate to identify the phenomena. The data collection instruments were document analysis and interview. To execute this study, 20 writing samples were chosen from low proficiency level of students. They were instructed to write about 100 word essays on a given topic in English language. The syntax was later corroborated and compared to substantiate the theoretical arguments in the field of language transfer. From the findings, it was found that first language highly interferes in students' English language writing skills. In addition, it was found that the sample employed a translation method although they understand the significance of English language worldwide. To conclude, more actions should be taken in order to teach contrastive analysis for a better understanding of the differences in the syntax between Bahasa Melayu and English language.

Paulina Wula   Berlinda Setyo Yunarti   Agustinus Kia Wolomasi   Donatus Wea Turu   Mozes M. Wulur   Martinus M. Krowin   Sandra Ingried Asaloei   and Basilius Redan Werang   

The high level of elementary school teacher absenteeism in Papua in general and in Southern Papua in particular has greatly impacted on teachers' performance in educating students. In this point, the elementary school students' inability in mastering basic reading, writing, and arithmetic (3-Rs) should be attributed to the low performance of elementary school teachers of Southern Papua, both inside and outside the classroom. As the researchers have widely identified the job satisfaction as one of the most predicting factors for the job performance, this study seeks to examine the job satisfaction and its eventual effects on job performance of teachers in elementary schools of Southern Papua. A survey approach was used to attain this goal. To collect the data, two types of Indonesian language version of questionnaire were distributed to a total of 1062 informants. In order that all the questionnaire were completely filled up and returned in 100% response rate by the informants, we employed a face-to-face method by asking the consent of each informant to fill-up the questionnaire and returned it directly to our team. Applying the simple linear regression analysis as a tool for analyzing data, the result showed that the coefficient value of R2 is .089 and the ρ value is .000. It inferred that 8.9 % of the job performance of elementary school teachers within the area of Southern Papua, Indonesia, is significantly positively predicted by their personal satisfaction. Though the predicting value of the job satisfaction on the performance of teachers was categorized low (8.9 %), finding of this study may be imperative for the school principals to enhance teachers' job performance in the elementary schools of Southern Papua by promoting their job satisfaction. Finding of this study may supposedly enlarge the existing knowledge on the job satisfaction and performance of teachers by providing an empirical proof from the Southern Papua context.

Zahraini   and Benyamin Situmorang   

Principals' policies as a leader will be made as part of improvements in the school. The principal directs the teachers to improve their professionalism. The purpose of this study is to find out the formulation of the principals' policies in improving teacher professionalism and the factors that influence the principals' policies in increasing the professionalism of teachers in high schools. This study used a qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and documentation studies as its data collection techniques. The research subjects were high school principals and teachers. The results show that: (1) The formulation of the principals' policies in improving the professionalism of teachers. The school principals implement policies have been prepared and run regularly. This policy will encourage the enthusiasm of all teachers to do better every time to achieve a common goal. So, in this case, the principals' ability to make his goals become the goal of all teachers in the school is his expertise as a leader. (2) Factors influencing the principals' policies to provide a direct example through his actions on all matters related to improving the professionalism of teachers and others are the raising of prestige of the school he leads. Achievement and good name of the school is a major goal to be achieved as the main factor that makes it has a strong commitment to increase the teacher performance, so that the student performance also improve which results in the achievement of the goals and good name of the school.

Kifaya Sabbah   Saddam Kobari   May Ali Ahmad   and Wajeeh Daher   

The current study aimed to explore the effect of the Education for Future program on the practices of female teachers in a public school. The study participants were six female teachers form an elementary school. Besides, the study aimed to answer two main research questions. First, what is the effect of the education for future program on the educational practices of female teachers in public schools? Second, what are the challenges that face the female teachers who were involved in the program? Data collection was done through interviews with the participants, as well as class observations. Data analysis used the thematic coding to analyze data. The results of the research revealed that the program developed teachers' competencies since it improved their teaching styles, teaching methods and strategies, as well as their assessment strategies. Furthermore, it developed the teachers' classroom management, their technology integration in the classes, the students' interaction, and the students' values and attitudes. Besides, the results showed that the teachers faced challenges while implementing the project, such as how to introduce the new strategies and methods to their students, and how to use technology effectively. However, the results showed that the teachers could overcome those challenges by cooperation and asking for help and support.

Rogelio A. Banagbanag   

The English teaching curriculum imposed by the Department of Education in the Philippines is based on the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodology. However, the traditional method of teaching such as Grammar-Translation still dominates in ESL practices in the country. This study determined the profile of ESL teachers, their attitude towards CLT, their teaching competence and the difficulties they experienced in using CLT in the classroom. The descriptive-correlational research design aided by an actual classroom observation was used in this study. A questionnaire and the classroom observations served as the instruments for collecting data. There were 178 ESL teachers and 73 secondary school heads who served as respondents of the study. Results revealed that a majority of the teachers were holders of a bachelor's degree; taught English subject for more or less four (4) years; finished college degree course in public schools; and had less trainings attended. It also revealed that a majority of the teachers had positive attitude toward CLT. As regards their teaching competence, they were rated "most competent" in their language skills while "more competent" in their teaching skills, classroom management, and evaluation skills. On the difficulties they experienced in using CLT in their classes, they considered the following challenges as "more difficult": fewer opportunities to get CLT training; low level of students' English proficiency; the big number of students in a class; and the lack of efficient and effective instruments to assess communicative competence.

Mohareb Ali Alsmadi   and Mohammad Omar Al-Momani   

The curricula in more than one way shape the behavior and beliefs of students, and thus society, so the stereotypical image of women in society may be related to the image of women presented in the curricula. The present study aimed at investigating male and female teachers' assessments of the role of school curricula in enhancing the image of women in the Jordanian society. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey method was used. The researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of (61) paragraphs covering seven fields. The sample of the study consisted of (201) male and female teachers. The results showed that the school curricula contributed in a moderate level in improving the image of women among members of Jordanian society in the following fields: Attitudes in presenting women's s image and Women environment. The results also revealed that the role of the curricula was below average in the following fields: Jordanian curricula role in the higher basic stage in encouraging the woman in politic work; Domains of women's work, the role of higher basic stage curricula role in clarifying the woman's legal and professional equality with man, Domains of women's work. The results also showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the teachers' estimation of the role of the curricula in improving the image of women in Jordanian society, according to the gender variable. On the other hand, the study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the estimation of male and female teachers due to the variables of teaching experience and educational qualification.

Maria Leodevina C. Batugal   

This study explores the extent of the performance of the pre-service teachers as they engaged themselves in actual teaching. It further investigates on what are the highlighted experiences as they performed their responsibilities as pre-service teachers. A mixed-method was utilized to gather pertinent data. The quantitative research method, with the use of a survey questionnaire, was adopted to rate the pre-service teachers' teaching performance. The raters were the teachers who directly supervised the pre-service teachers. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to confirm statistical assumptions for the background variables of the participants. The weighted mean was utilized to interpret the obtained responses using a 5-point Likert scale. Moreover, a qualitative research method through documentary analysis was used to examine the personal experiences of the pre-service teachers. Open-ended questions were asked from them. The theoretical framework used in this study is anchored on Kolb's experiential learning theory. Results reveal that the pre-service teachers' performance was rated from very good to excellent. The narrative essays of the pre-service teachers disclose their triumphs and trials. The themes that emerged from their essays include self-efficacy, character building, classroom management, and the production of teaching resources. The data gathered provided validation and a solid foundation for drawing out conclusions of this study. The results will aid future pre-service teachers to face with confidence of the challenges of actual teaching. Moreover, this study will be a basis in formulating initiatives to improve the Teacher Education Program of St. Paul University Philippines. Implications and directions for future research are likewise discussed.

Kateryna Vlasenko   Vitaliy Achkan   Olena Chumak   Iryna Lovianova   and Tetiana Armash   

This paper looks into the issue of implementing problem-based approach to developing creative thinking in students majoring in Mathematics at teacher training universities. The object of the study is the process of developing creative thinking in students, majoring in Mathematics at teacher training Universities, through task-based approach. The methods used in the present study are theoretical analysis of research papers and resources, as well as a survey, conducted among students and lecturers. This survey is aimed at determining distinctive features of the problems in Elementary Mathematics, which can help to develop creative thinking in students. The aim of this study is to introduce the syllabus of the online-course "Creative Thinking through Teaching Elementary Mathematics" and to design a system of Open-ended and Integrative Problems in order to develop the components of creative thinking in students, majoring in Mathematics at teacher training universities. The tasks of the present study: to determine what key components of creative thinking in students majoring in Mathematics can be developed, when teaching Elementary Mathematics to them; to determine distinctive features of the Rich Tasks that will contribute to developing creative thinking in students in the course of teaching Elementary Mathematics to them; to introduce the syllabus of the online-course "Creative Thinking through Teaching Elementary Mathematics"; to design a system of rich tasks for arranging the learning process.

Noor Fatima   Muhammad Imran Ashraf   and Sania Zehra   

Education has incomparable obligations. One of the key purposes is to give input to national growth and labor market. To contribute in knowledge-based and knowledge driven society, higher education institutions and policy play a critical role. Higher Education System provides innovative skills to the graduates, to help transformation of the society from backward to modern economy through quality teaching, research and innovation. The Pakistan is facing multiple sectors crises such as energy, water and trade deficit. This has thus posed a greater challenge to Pakistan for its position on international economic relations. In this situation the higher education sector needs to play its role to help the country to bring it back to the economic trajectory. Under the Education Sector Reform under different Visions, the Higher Education sector of Pakistan has gone through an overhauling for the last 15 years. There is a protracted mismatch between the higher education and trained labor force which is detrimental to socio-economic transformation. This paper is an attempt to take a stock of these reforms in the education sector for input in innovation to sustain growth on knowledge based economy. My Hypothesis thus would remain that economic transformation of Pakistan is heavily linked with generation of knowledge and therefore Higher Education of Pakistan. This paper intends to correlate the higher education input through overhauling education system of Pakistan vis-à-vis socio-economic transformation of the society.

Anders Rade   

The parental relationship in ECEC (Early Childhood Education and Care) service forms a key factor for its quality. This relationship is also complex and problematic and can be understood in different ways. There is a lack of research about the parental relationship in ECEC compared with schools. However, some researches have revealed the importance of a functional parental relationship in ECEC but also that the relationship can challenge the professional task of the teachers. One way to understand the parental relationship is study it out of two different frameworks, a vertical or horizontal framework. The vertical framework regards the teachers as experts and with asymmetrical, involved or engagement parental relationship. The horizontal framework regards both teachers and parents as experts and with a symmetrical partnership parental relationship. This review of research has scrutinised how the parental relationship in ECEC is described based on a division into levels as parental involvement, engagement or partnership relation. All three levels were identified in the 22 articles studied, but with a slight domination of the parental partnership. Four advantages of the parental relationship have been identified, quality-indicator, empowerment of parents and teachers, impact on future student academic achievement and flexible relationship. Three problems have been identified, different roles of parents and teachers, discrimination and complex relationship. One conclusion is that the parental relationship is of great importance to the ECEC service, but that it is more realistic to consider this as a balance between vertically and horizontally-framed parental relationships in ECEC services.

Mustafa A.H. Ruhama   Cholis Sa'dijah   Abdur Rahman As'ari   and Sisworo   

The aim of this study is to describe the writing gestures accompanied by directive and assertive speech of the teacher in the conversation exchange structure of mathematical learning. Data collection is done by recording and interviewing the teacher. The description of writing gesture along with the teacher's directive and assertive speech is obtained from the results of the recording during class learning and interviews. This case study investigates the writing gesture accompanied by teacher's speech in the conversation exchange structure of mathematical learning. The results of the study show that teachers use writing gestures along with explanations to focus attention and help students understand mathematical material in the information stage. At the initiation stage, the teacher asks questions to obtain students' responses. In the response phase, students respond verbally to the teacher's questions. This verbal response occurs because students have already understood the material asked by the teacher. At the feedback stage, the teacher justifies or confirms the student's verbal response or response by writing down the students' answers or verbal responses on the board. At the initiation stage, the teacher asks questions to students to obtain student responses. In the response phase, students respond verbally to the teacher's questions. This verbal response occurs because students have already understood the material asked by the teacher. At the feedback stage, the teacher uses writing gesture accompanied by the act of confirming or affirming and describing student answers on the board to focus students' attention and help students understand mathematical material.

Pavitthra Arulchelvan   and Melor Md Yunus   

Fluent speaking skills in English are considered major requirements in the growth of universal civilization as the fluency of spoken words allow a person to be well understood in the designated area. Learners are expected to forward ideas confidently and independently. However, they faced challenges in managing simple English communication among their circle. Therefore, the implementation of WhatsApp based audiovisual tasks were infused action research to enhance learners' speaking skills. The research was conducted among learners aged eight in a rural primary school in the district of Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Results were collected from pre-test and post-test, observation and survey. Data revealed that learners were involved actively in collaborative speaking sessions by exchanging ideas confidently and independently. Significantly, their spoken Performance Level improved as they began to socialize and prompt proper language usage in the interactions through the aid of pictures, videos and audios. Researchers had suggested the incorporation of genuine learning and assessment of speaking skills via WhatsApp based audiovisual materials as an effective effort in eventually producing confident and independent English speakers.

Randell Rellin   Rizza Joice Pataueg   Renella Pineda   Josephine Sabalo   Mary Antonette Siazon   Darin Jan Tindowen   and Karen Joy Catacutan   

Holistic accounting education is a function of not only the lectures and consumption of academic materials but more importantly, it is a function of all the practices and beliefs that collectively comprise an accounting culture. This study aimed to define and provide concrete context on the accounting culture of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao. Forty-three Informants comprised of senior students enrolled in the accountancy program were interviewed in the study all under the umbrella of descriptive qualitative research design. Four (4) clustered themes emerged from the current study: (1) Accounting Culture manifested through Academic Competitiveness, (2) Accounting Culture manifested through the Strong Sense of Belongingness, (3) Positive Elements of the Accounting Culture and the (4) Negative Elements of the Accounting Culture. Furthermore, it is concluded that while there were several negative aspects in the existing accounting culture like a source of stress and social divide, the overall response of the Informants were in favor of accounting culture being perceived as an effective affair with respect to its being a gateway to holistic formation and the enhancement of student competence.

Mohammad Hasan Hamadat   

The current study aimed to identify the degree of the impact of academic preparation on the acquisition of leadership behaviour among principals of secondary schools in Jordan, from the teachers' points of view. The study followed the descriptive survey method. The researcher used the questionnaire as an instrument that comprised (30) items, distributed into five disciplines: The "rules' formation", "common vision", "challenge", "empowerment", and "encouragement" respectively. The study instrument was applied to a randomly chosen sample of (175) male and female principals from secondary schools in the Ajloun Governorate. The researcher found out the following results: The degree of the impact of academic preparation of giving leadership behaviour to secondary school principals came with an average degree level for all dimensions. The dimensions came in a descending order as follows: The "common vision", "rules' formation", "empowerment", "encouragement", and" challenge". There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05≥α) among the sample individuals' responses to the degree of the impact of the academic preparation of the Jordanian secondary- school principals' acquisition of leadership behaviour in terms of the (gender, experience, and scientific qualification) variables. The researcher recommended the intensification of training courses in the five fields (the "common vision", "rules' formation", "empowerment", "encouragement", and "challenge") to develop leadership behaviour among high school principals in Ajloun Governorate. Besides, reliable external or internal parties should conduct an annual evaluation of the training courses and activities provided by the Ministry of Education, receiving feedback from educational supervisors in the field regarding the success of these courses and their impact on the behaviour of secondary school principals.

Kurnia Fermani Hidayah   Suparman   Yahya Hairun   and Diah Prawitha Sari   

Critical thinking is a skill that must be possessed by students in the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0 era. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can be used by teachers to improve students' critical thinking skills. However, teachers need appropriate learning resources to develop students' critical thinking skills. This research aims to design learning resources that are compatible with PBL models which can stimulate students' critical thinking skills. This type of research uses ADDIE. Research instruments use observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and validation guidelines. This research is resulted in the design of learning modules that are compatible with PBL models. The results of the validation from media experts indicate that the module design is very good. This design can be used as a reference in developing modules. This research can be continued at the module development stage to produce modules that fit the PBL model and can stimulate students' critical thinking skills.

Luong Tran   

Misbehavior is one of the components related to students' personalities. The previous studies have confirmed that misbehaviors of students in the classroom affect negatively in teaching and learning process and personalities of pedagogical students. The level of misbehaviors of pedagogical students in the classroom at Can Tho University in Vietnam has not been insufficiently researched to remedy this situation. This study was conducted to seek to answer the question: is the occurrence of misbehaviors among students in Can Tho University, Viet Nam related to their gender, majors and school year? The questionnaires designed were delivered to 232 pedagogical students in Can Tho University, Viet Nam. The SPSS for Windows was used to code via, and analyze the data collected by Percent, Frequencies, Mean, Std. Deviation T-Test, and Spearman Correlation. The results of this study showed that pedagogical students had various kinds of misbehaviors conducted in the classroom. There were no correlations and significant differences between mean scores of misbehaviors of pedagogical students regarding gender and school year. Otherwise, correlations and significant differences between mean scores of misbehaviors of pedagogical students regarding majors were found. These findings help to put forward a suggestion that those who work in training and education need to pay attention to the characteristics of students' majors in the process of adjusting misbehaviors for students.

M. V. Pereverzeva   M. L. Kats   V. A. Ovsyannikova   S. S. Aksenova   and N. S. Yushchenko   

Today, the main problem of additional education institutions is comprehensive pre-professional training, allowing students to master the professions of musician, dancer, or actor. In recent decades, there has been a tendency to narrow specialization in teaching children, which is the reason why modern educators seek to improve programs. The purpose of the work is to determine the content and identify innovative teaching technologies, in particular, those related to the development of musical and acting abilities. Study methods include the analysis of modern experience in applying traditional and innovative approaches to develop musical and acting skills and testing the most effective pedagogical technologies of creative development of schoolchildren. The conclusions of the study are related to the fact that the comprehensive development of schoolchildren implies not only the development of basic skills and abilities, but also the formation of artistic taste and musical and acting skills. This is necessary to create artistic images in various types of art, which needs to be taught from early childhood. An important aspect of the study is the belief that comprehensive pre-professional training of students allows one to reveal all aspects of the child's personality and determine the direction of their future professional path. Basic musical and acting skills necessary for many areas of professional activity are easily acquired in childhood due to the psychophysiological characteristics of students. Thus, the problem of the development of musical and acting skills in schoolchildren, which requires innovative approaches and modern pedagogical technologies, is actualized.

Nandang Rusmana   Dodi Suryana   Heni Surya Kurniasih   and Nuzsep Almigo   

This study was motivated by the incomprehension of some elementary school teachers about topic learning and how to teach the topic learning of speaking skill in elementary school students. This study aims to evaluate speaking skill of elementary school students through the development of speaking skill instruments and analyzed in Rasch model. The study employed descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional design. The participants of the study were the students of a State Elementary School in Indonesia consisting of 43 students of grade VI at Layungsari Elementary School and 47 students of grade VI at Balandongan elementary school. The results of the analysis show that the construct of the instrument used measures one variable, namely is speaking skill of elementary school students and from 90 participants, 14 people (15.5%) are included in the high ability category, the category there are 63 moderate abilities (70%), and 13 (14.4%) low ability categories.

Syaiful Anwar AB   

Higher education is a level of education after secondary education that includes diploma, undergraduate, master's, specialist, and doctoral education programs organized by higher education. Higher education is held in an open system. If the education process in an educational institution is correct, the educational goals will be achieved. If the education process is not correct, it will be difficult to achieve educational goals. The objective of this research is to study the capacity of Islamic Institute of Bengkulu State in improving competitiveness of higher education (Study of Policies at Islamic Institute of Bengkulu State, Indonesia). The data consist of the policy effective at The State Islamic Institute Bengkulu, Indonesia from 2013 to 2016. Analysis tool used is the SWOT analysis by calculating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The study shows the functioning of market segmentation strategy, targeting strategy, positioning strategy, differentiation, focus and efficiency as element the competitive power at The State Islamic Institute Bengkulu. This confirms the importance of applying a total quality management system for enhanced health of the organization a higher educational institution. The contribution of this research is aimed at university managers to increase competition and the achievement of missions and missions, it is necessary to encourage the improvement of lecturer qualifications with further education, learning activities, research and community service with adequate facilities and budget funds so that the quality of resources can be improved so that it will automatically encourage improvement in the quality of education in higher education.

I Ketut Suardika   Lisnawati Rusmin   Rohmana   La Anse   Erny Harijaty   and Fina Amalia Masri   

Use of Getting access to useful and proper education is the right of every citizen guaranteed in the constitution. In fact, to this day, the Bajo ethnic community is still marginalized, especially with access to education. The purpose of this study is to determine several things that are the focus of the forms of exclusion and limitations of primary education in the Bajo ethnic community in Saponda Village, Soropia District. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method using descriptive analysis approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The research location was centred in the village of Saponda, located in a small island called Soropia District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study's findings indicate that this form of marginalization of primary education that is found among others the feasibility of inadequate education, educational facilities, teaching staff, the educational process is less so that the ratio of teachers and students were not feasible.

Kehdinga G. Fomunyam   

This paper explores the concept of curriculum internationalisation in higher education. It recognises and articulates the fact that the curriculum internationalisation process needs to be deterritorialised and the best approach to this is ensuring student engagement. In discussing this in detail, the paper theorises student engagement and the different perspectives on and of engagement, discusses curriculum internationalisation and deterritorialisation. The paper then focuses on deterritorialising curriculum internationalisation through student engagement. The paper concludes with four key thoughts on curriculum internationalisation on the platform of student engagement in a deterritorialised context. The paper recommends that curriculum internationalisation should be contextual in nature. Also, deterritorialisation of the institution and the curriculum internationalisation process and the curriculum itself are key to successfully internationalising the curriculum and give students the best educational experience. Thirdly, for the curriculum internationalisation process to be successful, there is a need for a practical framework. And lastly, student engagement is critical in the internationalisation process and for the success of curriculum internationalisation itself.

Basil C. E Oguguo   Fadip Audu Nannim   Agnes O. Okeke   Roseline I. Ezechukwu   Godwin Asanga Christopher   and Clifford O Ugorji   

The data literacy skills of students in Southern Nigeria institutions of higher learning were evaluated in this study using descriptive survey method. A total of five (5) universities were selected for this study. These comprised of 150,055 students of which 2550 constituted sample for the study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. The instrument used for data collection for the study was Data Literacy Questionnaire (DLQ). The reliability of DLQ was established using Cronbach-alpha method and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.901. The data collected was statistical analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions while t-test and Analysis of variance were used to analyze the hypotheses. Findings revealed that the students possessed moderate level of data literacy skills. The students had their lowest rating in data analysis skills. The findings also revealed that Ph.D. students had better data literacy skills compared to M.Sc. and B.Sc. students, while M.Sc students' had better data skills compared to B.Sc. students. The study recommends that programs and workshops should be designed to help improve data skills for teachers and students in order to meet global standards.

Olugbenga Adedayo Ige   

The interconnection of many countries of the world today is hugely tied to the overwhelming improvements in the Internet. However, the improved Internet connectivity is not without diverse security risks such as bullying, scamming, hate speech, and identity theft especially for minors. It is unfortunate that the security risks attached to the use of the Internet are often ignored in the rush to log online by schoolchildren in South Africa. The cyber insecurities in South Africa became more precarious as schools do not teach cybersecurity as a subject in South Africa at present. Consequently, it behooves the researcher to unveil how the agents of education in South Africa learning ecologies can use the school-based cyber security education programme to protect schoolchildren against cyber scammers, and propose a blue-print on developing a school-based cybersecurity education programme for South African schoolchildren. In this paper, the space transition theory is used to explain the causation of insecurities confronting cyber savvy schoolchildren in South Africa. This paper methodically explicated related scientific papers that were published from 2005 to 2019 on cybercrimes, cybersecurity, and school-based participatory research. The community-driven model developed by Lavery et al. (2005) was used to design the school-based cybersecurity educational programme. This paper exhaustively explained the operations of the school-based cybersecurity educational programme and illustrated how teachers can use the informal cybersecurity educational programme to teach cybersecurity in South African schools.

Nuzulira Janeusse Fratiwi   Achmad Samsudin   Taufik Ramlan Ramalis   and Bayram Costu   

The aim of this research was to change students' conceptions of Newton's Second Law (NSL) through Express-Refute-Investigate-Clarify (ERIC) text. Students' alternative conception can be a problem to learn other physics concepts, especially on basic concepts such as acceleration, force and mass on Newton's Second Law. The research method was used mixed methods, with an embedded mixed method as a research design. The participant involved in this research were 31 students (15 boys and 16 girls, their age were 15-16 years old) at one of the senior high schools in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through Multi-representation Of Tier Instrument On Newton's law (MOTION) as much as six questions in the form of a four-tier test. Students' conceptions were analyzed using the rubric. The quantitative data were the percentage of students' conceptions, while the qualitative data were obtained based on conceptual change and students' answers in the ERIC text. From the data analysis, the average percentage of Sound Understanding (SU) was enhanced and Alternative Conception was decreased from pre-test to post-test. It can be concluded that the use of ERIC text can change students' conceptions of Newton's Second Law into a scientific concept. Teachers can use ERIC text to enhance students' conceptual understanding or reduce alternative conceptions, especially on NSL.

Milan Mašát   Jana Sladová   and Johana Hřivnová   

The paper deals with the role of a teacher of Literary Education in the field of artistic narratives with the theme of the Shoah. In the Shoah-related stories, recipients will find positive patterns of behavior: for example, the possibility of maintaining a democratic system, recognizing the germs of racism, xenophobia or anti-Semitism, or perceiving multiculturalism in society and its diversity as positive. The theoretical concept of the article is a compilation of opinions of current leading experts on methods of acquainting pupils with one line of World War II and on the position of a teacher in this process. We comment on the theoretical frameworks in the paper with an emphasis on the possible limits of given outlines in the application of real pedagogical practice (focusing on the Czech Republic). The article was preceded by detailed research on scholarly articles: most experts agree that a teacher who, for whatever reason, does not have a sufficient amount of professional knowledge from World War II must primarily become a pupil in order to be able to make a knowledgeable presentation of Shoah-related fictional stories. We see some limits to the ineffective use of the potential of the Shoah-texts in the fact that teachers of Literary Education in most cases do not know contemporary artistic intentional production with the theme of the event. For example, a compilation of a monothematic anthology of the Shoah texts composed primarily of contemporary intentional literary production with the theme of the Shoah, or based on research, targeted intervention in the area of literary teacher training aimed at the Second World War and its presentation in narratives for children and youth can be undertaken.

Fahrudin Eko Hardiyanto   

Education is a process that must be taken by every human being in order to be able to live a good and quality life in the world. Quality human resources can be built from educators through superior prophetic educators. Excellent teachers can lead students to excel too. Therefore, qualified teachers are needed to realize these expectations. This study aims to describe the concept of prophetic ethic revitalization in teachers in building human resources. The data source for this study consists of two types namely primary data sources, namely various works that discuss prophetic education and human resource development, and other related references as secondary sources of research (the context of the research discourse). In this case, the researcher uses the prophetic theory initiated by Kuntowijoyo. Researchers use library research in research methods by focusing on collecting, analyzing, presenting and summarizing information related to the prophetic prophetic ethic that can support human resources in the world of education. The conclusions of this paper are: 1) the competency of prerequisite prophetic educators must primarily have intellectual, emotional, and spiritual competence and intelligence; 2) in managing learning, teachers can implement the values of prophetic educators through three prophetic value settings namely attitudes of humanization, liberation and transcendence.

Tien Cam Nguyen   and Huan Buu Nguyen   

There is an increasingly pressing demand for improving the quality of teaching and learning English in Vietnam to meet the needs and interests of learners in the global integration. Research into vocabulary instruction through songs has indicated its positive effects on young learners' vocabulary gains and language learning, including English as a foreign or second language. However, little research focuses on the use of songs perceived by teachers in vocabulary instruction to young learners within the teaching and context in Vietnam where English is taught as a foreign language. This paper therefore considers teachers' perceptions about this instructional delivery at a foreign language center in the Mekong Delta. A descriptive study was conducted with seventy-five teachers from an English language center in the Mekong Delta. Data on teachers' perceptions about using songs to teach young learners' vocabulary were collected through the questionnaire and follow-up semi-structured interviews as part of a wider study over fifteen-week semester time. The findings indicate that teachers had positive perceptions about songs used in vocabulary instruction for young learners. Also, the findings provide teachers with insightful views of the effectiveness of implementing songs in promoting young learners' vocabulary and serve as a useful resource for teachers and practitioners by suggesting how to use songs to facilitate young learners' vocabulary. The paper concludes by giving pedagogical implications for further research into seeking alternative ways to maximize young learners' vocabulary learning.

Nataliia Kolesnyk   Snizhana Kubrak   Tetiana Yavorska   and Svitlana Vitvytska   

The authors developed a structural model of formation of information and media literacy of higher education applicants and the use of "cloud" technologies in the educational process of sustainable development. The researchers analyse the levels of formation of such literacy of higher education applicants in the process of sustainable development (cognitive and informative, constructive and search, creative and productive levels). The authors noted the effectiveness of the designed model. Positive dynamics of the development of indicators of the mobility under research are demonstrated on the basis of comparative analysis of the generalized obtained data before and after the experiment. The article presents the methodology of interaction of information and media literacy and "cloud" technologies in the educational process. Summarizing the results of the experimental research using statistical and comparative methods of analysis, made it possible to trace the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes in the basic structural components, in particular in the indicators of the interaction of information and media literacy and "cloud" technologies in the educational process of sustainable development of higher education applicants. The results of the research indicate the significant increase in all indicators.

Valery Okulich-Kazarin   

The goal of the study was to know what method of learning do media students prefer at lectures: auditory or visual? The main methods of the study were information research, methods of sociological research, social statistics and verification of statistical hypotheses. More than 200 scientific sources on this topic were studied, including those published in journals indexed in databases WoS and SCOPUS. The practical part of the study was focused locally, in Russia, Lithuania and Poland. The author tried to ensure maximum diversity of Respondent groups. It is the first time that independent media student opinions were transformed into new scientific knowledge. It was statistically proved that the media students do not prefer the auditory method of learning at lectures. The media students prefer the visual method of learning at lectures. So the results have a great practical and scientific importance: 1. university teachers should use visual methods for teaching media students at lectures; 2. it should be taken into account to correct the learning theory for teaching media students at lectures. The results are highly statistically significant (99.0%). We have a decision-making process with accurate, controlled probability.

Astiana Ajeng Rahadini   Endang Nurhayati   and Suwarna Suwarna   

Reading has an important role in life. In Indonesia, beginning reading is introduced from the first grade in elementary schools, including learning of Javanese. Unfortunately, many Javanese children are increasingly strange to the language. Therefore, the learning model chosen must be appropriate. Based on the results of research on schools in the ex-residency area of Surakarta, the most widely use of learning models is spelling with very limited textbooks. The teacher's orientation is only to make students read regardless of whether students' interest in reading grows or not. This is unfortunate because of the important role of motivation to learning outcomes. Therefore, it is very necessary for teachers to pay attention to other factors such as children's learning motivation, appropriate children's reading materials, and other factors so that orientation of Javanese beginning reading not only produces children who can read but also like to read.

Nor’ain Mohd Tajudin   Nur Ashikin Suhaimi   Mazlini Adnan   and Marzita Puteh   

By the 21^st century, education system in the world should prepare its citizens who are not merely knowledgeable but have multidimensional skills in facing globalization and future careers. In this context, various new pedagogical concepts appear: heutagogy, paragogy and cybergogy. In line with this development, educators are urged to implement the pedagogical transformations to use these new concepts. Review of literature shows that there are currently no criteria of heutagogy, paragogy or cybergogy that can be used as a guide in designing teaching and learning, especially in learning mathematics. Therefore, the objective of this study will specifically generate the themes and its' items for heutagogy criteria. Intensive document analyses were done related to teaching and learning models, several Malaysian higher education policy documents, best practices in effective learning environments both locally and abroad in general and in the field of mathematics education, as well as the literature review on aspect of heutagogical approach. The finding of the study revealed six themes for the heutagogical criteria in teaching and learning of mathematics, namely (i)Learner-defined learning contracts, (ii) Learner is the main person in forming a flexible curriculum, (iii) Learner-directed questions, (iv) Flexible and negotiated assessment (v) Reflective practice and, (vi) Collaborative learning. Significantly, these criteria provide a useful guide for instructors or lecturers to critically analyze each of the items and to better support students in learning mathematics for creating human capital with features such as flexible, creative, innovative and good problem solvers to meet the challenges for the future.

Noor Aini Ahmad   

This article presents a need analysis survey result on improving reading skills using interactive multimedia. 46 participants were involved in this study and they were chosen using random sampling. Result shows that there is no significant difference between interactive multimedia and gender by t = -.839, p = .830 (p> .05). Result also shows that there was no significant difference between interactive multimedia and school locations with the value of t = 1.05, p = .885 (p> .05). This finding shows that teachers in urban and rural areas have similar views on developing interactive multimedia learning tools for students with specific learning difficulties. The result of the Pearson correlation test shows a significant r = .321* value (p <.005). These results show that students with specific learning difficulties and needs for developing interactive multimedia tools are positive variables and it also shows a strong influence on the teaching and learning process. Thus, interactive multimedia tools will lead to a significant increase in reading skills among students with specific learning difficulties. Recommendations are made related to the needs of developing interactive multimedia learning tools for intervention program. By using interactive multimedia as instructional tools, students with specific learning difficulties will be able to learn independently in more fun environment. As conclusion, teachers need to move together towards evolution in education and implement a more enjoyable and meaningful learning in their instruction using interactive multimedia tools.

Retno Widyaningrum   Badrun Kartowagiran   and Jailani   

One of the measurement forms applied in the educational field to know students' ability is a high-risk tryout test. This research examined the quality of Mathematics tryout test questions used by Indonesian teachers to prepare for the national examination as a high-risk examination. This study used a quantitative approach and analyzed based on item response theory to determine the fitness of the model and item eligibility. The data used were the answers of elementary school students who took the 2016 national examination tryout of mathematics subject with the total number of 924 students from 20 elementary schools in Indonesia. The mathematics subject consisting of 40 questions, which are adjusted to the blueprint of elementary school national examination, was chosen. The results obtained indicate that the mathematics tryout test items meet the assumptions of uni-dimension, local independence, and parameter invariance items. The logistic parameter model used was the 2-PL model, with 31 out of 40 eligible items of questions. The novelty of this research is the use of item response theory to analyze the quality of an instrument. The aim of the use of item response theory is to avoid examinee sample dependent and item sample dependent. The educational stakeholders can use this research as a reflection in preparing high-risk examination.

Esra’a Radaideh   Dina Al-Jamal   and Imad Sa’di   

This quasi-experimental study investigated the potential effect of digital storytelling of basic fifth grade students' reading comprehension skills. Thirty-four male and female fifth-grade students were randomly selected from a conveniently-selected school, namely; Al Rusol Educational School for excellence, a private school in Irbid Directorate of Education, Jordan. The participants were distributed randomly into two intact sections and thereby forming two groups: an experimental and a control. To achieve the aim of the study, a reading comprehension pre-test and post-test was developed. The reading comprehension test comprised two parts: the first part consists of one applied comprehension question and the second part is comprised of five analytic comprehension questions. Four stories in A Beautiful Mind 5 textbook from Units, 11, 12, 13 and 15 were redesigned digitally and then were showed by data show projector. The finding indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the overall reading comprehension post-test and in each part of the test: applied and analytic comprehension. The study recommended using digital storytelling in teaching English language reading comprehension skills.

Agustan Syamsuddin   Dwi Juniati   and Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono   

The development of reflective thinking has been a highlight and important in the education of prospective mathematics teachers. It provides them with the opportunities to take a conscious and logical decision on the complex problems they faced. The quality of the problem solving and reflective thinking will differ between one student and another due to their characteristics. This study presents a description of reflective thinking skills of prospective teachers in solving mathematical problems based on the difference in cognitive style. The instruments used in this study consist of (1) GEFT cognitive-style test, (2) a mathematical problem solving task which is a non-routine and open-ended (3) the interview guidelines based on the reflective thinking component. By choosing analysis of qualitative approaches, the data of interviews that are in the form of interview's transcript based on mathematical problem solving results are gathered from two students of prospective mathematics teachers as research participants. One prospective teacher use cognitive field independent style (PTFI) and field dependent style (PTFD). Research findings show that PTFD tends to use the experience to be implemented in mathematical problem solving but PTFD cannot utilize the new information contained, so that PTFD has a reflective-dynamic characteristic. While PTFI tends to use the experience to utilize the new information contained in the problem in order to construct the problem solving strategy so that PTFI has reflective-generative characteristic. It is indicated that there are differences in the characteristics of reflective thinking process among prospective teachers based on difference of cognitive style.

Parsaoran Siahaan   Yusa Chavez Setiawan   Nuzulira Janeusse Fratiwi   Achmad Samsudin   and Endi Suhendi   

Along with the rapid development of technology in the 21^st century, students are not only required to understand the cognitive aspects, but also skills such as critical thinking and collaboration that are important to be trained so that they have an ability to adapt quickly. Critical thinking and collaborative skills can be trained on students with learning that is integrated with computer multimedia. This study was aimed at identifying the improvement of critical thinking skills and the profile of students' collaborative skills using multimedia-based integrated instruction (MBI₂). The research method used was Pre-Experimental with One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The participants of this study involved 33 students (consisting of 13 boys and 20 girls) in grade VIII in one state junior high school in Bandung. The results showed that the increase in students' critical thinking skills was in the medium category with an N-gain value = 0.42 and the collaborative skills profile of the students was in the good category. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of MBI₂ learning can develop critical thinking and collaborative skills of secondary school students on light refraction material.

Nadire Karademir   

The objective of this study is to identify whether there is a statistically significant difference in secondary school students' attitudes toward the geography course on the basis of certain variables. The sample of the study was composed of a total of 899 students including 509 female students and 390 male students. The data were obtained through the 'Personal Information Form' which was created by the researcher and the 'Attitude Scale'. The findings demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in the attitude scores on the basis of the variables of 'age', 'class year', 'participation in geography field trips', 'satisfaction with teacher's use of student-centered active teaching in the course', 'playing orienteering game', 'use of social media', 'establishing relationship between media and geography' and 'establishing relationship between daily life and geography'. In conclusion, it was found that, in general, the secondary school students had moderately positive attitudes toward the geography course. It may be asserted that the female and male students developed similar attitudes towards the geography course. In addition to this, in this study, it was found that participation in geography trips positively affected the participants' desire to learn. Moreover, it was observed that the students who established a relationship between geography and daily life had a more positive attitude towards the geography course. Furthermore, the students who could establish a relationship between media and geography showed a much more positive attitude towards the geography course. It was determined that the secondary school students who were able to associate movies, TV series, news and game shows with geography had more positive attitudes towards the geography course.

Phuwadon Chulasukhont   and Poggade Chulasukhont   

King Bhumibol's science known as sufficiency economy philosophy encourages Thai citizens to live based on themselves, and all schools have been teaching their students to cultivate, learn and practice this sustainable theory. The objectives of this research were to 1) study the King's Science operational factors in the sufficiency school under the Lop Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office, and 2) create the model of the operation according to the King's Science of the sufficiency schools. The research sample was consisted of 321 school administrators and teachers by implementing the Yamane technique to stratify random sampling. The research instruments were questionnaire and structured interview form with a reliability of 0.87. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The research results showed that 1) the King's Science operational factors in the sufficiency school were rated overall at a high level. They were arranged in descending order of their mean values as follows: accomplishment aspects, administration aspects, and activity of student development aspects, and 2) the model of the operation according to the king's science by the case study of sufficiency school was possible, useful, consistent, and suitable for the context. This model also had been approved by the participants of focus group discussion and could be used as a practical guideline for schools in Lop Buri.

Astalini   Dwi Agus Kurniawan   Darmaji   Muhammad Ikhlas   Kuswanto   Rahmat Perdana   Lika Anggraini   and Iwan Putra   

Purpose: This paper presents junior high school students' attitudes and self-confidence in learning natural science, and compares the attitudes and self-confidence based on location of school in urban and rural areas, and finds whether attitudes can affect students' self-confidence. Methodology: The study used mixed method with sequential explanatory. A sample of this study is 926 students with 511 for urban junior high school and 415 for rural junior high school usage total sampling technique. Data were then analyzed with the help of the SPSS 21 application to find descriptive statistics in terms of mean, min, max, and simple regression and independent sample t-test. Finding: Both of school location in urban and rural area, shows that attitudes and self-confidence of the students was good category, but when comparing that results, independent sample t- shows if students attitude and self-confidence in urban schools tend more higher than in rural schools (p<0.001). Lastly, the regression shows if the level of contribution or influence of students' attitudes towards students’ self-confidence is as much as 75.2 % which means that students' attitudes affect students’ self-confidence. Novelty: in this study, it was found that students' attitudes affect self-confidence of students’ in learning natural sciences. Moreover, comparison between students' attitudes and self-confidence is based on their school location in urban or rural.

J. Julia   Encep Supriatna   I. Isrokatun   Iis Aisyah   Reni Nuryani   and Adeola Aminat Odebode   

Recently, moral education has developed into a popular theme of study in various countries. Mapping of moral education research that includes publication trends, the most cited articles, the most contributing journals and publishers, and the terms in the author keywords needs to be done to provide direction for future research. This article aims at identifying and analyzing moral education studies that have been published in reputable international journals in the 2010-2019 timeframe through bibliometric studies. This study employed a systematic and structured mind-mapping method, which includes four stages: (1) searching articles through the Publish or Perish applications from the Scopus database; (2) filtering articles to be included in bibliometric analysis; (3) checking and completing the article metadata; and (4) conducting bibliometric analysis through VOSviewer application. Four findings are yielded from the analysis: (1) yearly moral education publication trends. The analysis showed an increasing publication trend at the end of 2019; (2) the most cited article. Most citations occurred in moral education articles in the scope of business with 56 number of citations; (3) journals and publishers that published the most moral education articles. The most contributing journal is the Journal of Moral Education, and the most contributing publisher is Routledge or Taylor and Francis; and (4) the most widely used author keywords in moral education articles. The keyword term that is most widely used by authors is 'moral education'. This study concluded that publications in moral education have increased, but the citation is still in a decreasing pattern. Therefore, making a top-cited article becomes an opportunity for future research.

Jayaluxmi Naidoo   

We have entered the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, to be successful within this era, as teacher educators, we need to transform teaching and learning. We need to use pedagogy suitable for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This paper draws attention to the future of mathematics teacher education by showcasing a flipped learning setting. This qualitative, interpretive study was framed using Activity Theory and was located at one university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Mathematics education students were observed while learning within a flipped learning setting. Subsequently, a sample of participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Thematic coding and interpretive techniques were used to analyze the data generated. Four main themes emerged. These themes are: The flipped learning approach is inhibited by the lack of material resources, the flipped learning approach is dependent on lecturer professional development, the flipped learning approach saves time in the lecture room and the flipped learning approach encourages interaction and collaboration within the mathematics lecture room. Globally, these findings have relevance when considering the role of technology-based tools within mathematics Higher Education lecture rooms in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Jarrent R. Tayag   

The continued rise of technology in the educational system has brought about new teaching approaches such as blended learning. To fully utilize this approach, researchers have focused on studying the dynamics between various learning variables and its implementation. However, the intersection of context in the actual implementation of blended learning in the classroom remains to be a rich field for researchers. The present study explored the pedagogical support needed to implement blended learning. By examining the perspectives of five teachers and 60 secondary students through a questionnaire and semi-structured interview, emerging themes were identified through qualitative analysis. Results revealed that students look into the alignment between the face-to-face and online instruction, proper spacing of activities, and provision of pre-requisite skills for the tasks assigned to them. While students acknowledge the benefits of using blended learning in the lesson, it is equally crucial that the challenges are resolved so they may be able to comply with the requirements set by the teachers. Teachers, on the other hand, seek the provision of technical skills, training on new pedagogies, and sufficient preparation time for them to effectively develop lessons following a blended learning approach model. With the varied degree of implementation of blended learning in schools, it is necessary for school heads and teachers to work together to develop relevant and responsive policies to support students in complying with the requirements of their classes.

Kyu Tae Kim   

This study explored the mediating role of core competencies in the relationship between digital literacy and perceived employability among college students in South Korea depending on their participation in employment support programs. The sample for this study comprised 916 college students: 497 students were participants in employment support programs from spring to fall semesters in 2017, and 419 students were nonparticipants. Data analysis was conducted mainly using structural equation modelling and multiple-group path analysis. The findings showed that digital literacy had a positive relationship with perceived employability and that core competencies mediated the relationship between digital literacy and perceived employability. Also, this study verified that differences exist among all paths depending on participation in employment support programs. It is necessary to conduct follow-up research such as experimental and quasi-experimental research to verify the relationship and influences between related variables, as well as the effect of digital literacy and core competencies on employability according to learners' characteristics such as learning styles, learning strategies, and achievement goal orientations. Qualitative studies through group interviews or behavioral event interviews for distinguished graduates in digital literacy or core competencies are also vital. In addition, colleges need to strengthen competence-driven teaching and learning methods such as problem-based learning, flipped learning, and project-based learning. They should provide an employment-enhanced curriculum and program through digitized authentic work experience and simulation.

Wang Lulan   Priyadarshini Muthukrishnan   and Irudhaya Mary   

The growing multicultural environments of higher learning institutions have broadened the scope of cultural interactions among students of diverse cultural backgrounds. The current study attempted to investigate the influence of the intercultural sensitivity and knowledge sharing attitude on life satisfaction of international students in three private universities in Malaysia. The study adopted quantitative research methods, and the sample for the study were 300 international students in the undergraduate programme. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between predictors and life satisfaction. The final regression model revealed that 22.72% of the variance in life satisfaction of international students could be explained by the predictor variable intercultural sensitivity while knowledge sharing attitude did not contribute to the regression model. The study has brought new insights into understanding the life satisfaction of international students. The study concluded with relevant recommendations that are needed to be implemented to improve the intercultural sensitivity, knowledge sharing attitude and life satisfaction of international students.

Jayaluxmi Naidoo   and Asheena Singh-Pillay   

Exploring aspects that promote teachers' professional development is the key to improve and sustain teachers' development at universities. Additions to Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement documents together with our entry into the Fourth Industrial Revolution require a transformation in teachers' pedagogy. To equip learners with 21^st century skills, it is quintessential for teachers to keep abreast with new educational trends, pedagogies and its accompanying pedagogic tools. We therefore argue that teachers' professional development serves as leverage for teachers to embrace new pedagogies, innovative practice and create learning opportunities. This study, which explored mathematics teachers' professional development within the Fourth Industrial Revolution at a university in Kwa Zulu Natal, embraced a qualitative approach. The study was framed using Koehler and Mishra's technological pedagogical content knowledge framework. Data was generated from 24 participants via workshops, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis employed thematic coding. The findings provide a glimpse of what is valued, enabling or constraining mathematics teachers with respect to their professional development. Globally, these findings provide new insights on mathematics teachers' professional development experiences and needs in terms of blended teaching and learning with regard to data handling, data coding and analytics in preparation for the fourth industrial revolution.

Alias Masek   and Maizam Alias   

The success of doctoral students greatly depends on effective supervision. Many factors however, are involved in ensuring effective supervision. This study identifies the different definitions of effective supervisions, types of doctoral outcomes and the associated factors that contribute to these outcomes, with a view of proposing a framework to achieve the goal of effective supervision. A systematic review was conducted on published articles from the year 2000 to the year 2018. The documents were selected based on the three major components of doctoral supervision namely, management system, students and supervisor, thus framing the systematic review. The review resulted in several key findings namely, definitions, domains of doctoral outcomes and factors that can potentially contribute to doctoral outcomes. Diverse definitions of effective supervision were observed; often associated with self-development, professional growth and career development of doctoral students. Four domains of doctoral outcomes were identified: knowledge-base, research skills, attitudes and professional skills. Factors that influence doctoral outcomes include environment, attitude and aptitude of doctoral students, and experience and training of supervisors. The findings of this review provide useful information for guiding the implementation of an effective supervision framework.

Liza Lee   and Hsiao-Fang Lin   

This study used the Figurenotes music pedagogical approach, combined with music education therapy strategies developed by Lee (2012), to deliver a specially designed music therapy course to children with special needs and determine how it might engage these students and positively influence their learning skills through the utilization of homemade elements, homemade instruments, teaching aids, and multisensory instruments. This study took place in a nonprofit, early-treatment institution in central Taiwan, and the participants were 56 young children with special needs aged 1–6 years. The research data were primarily obtained from a qualitative narrative, supplemented with quantitative data. The qualitative data included the basic information of the children and the observation record of their target ability, whereas the quantitative data were scored using a 5-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that most children took the initiative to participate in the activities, and the growth curve during this segment of instruction exhibited a steady upward trend. In summary, the use of Figurenotes as the core device demonstrated a significant and positive effect as a therapeutic device for children with special needs.