Universal Journal of Management  

Universal Journal of Management is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original and high-quality research papers in all areas of management. As an important academic exchange platform, scientists and researchers can know the most up-to-date academic trends and seek valuable primary sources for reference.


ISSN: 2331-950X (Print)

ISSN: 2331-9577 (Online)

Contact Us: ujm.editor@hrpub.org or editor@hrpub.org

Website: https://www.hrpub.org/journals/jour_info.php?id=21


Reviewers

Prof. Velda Wright
College of Education, Lewis University, USA

Dr. Pooja Trivedi
Ministry of Higher Education, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology, Dubai Campus, UAE

Prof. Paul Davidson
School of Management, Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Dr. Li-Ming Ho
Department of Marine Leisure Management, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Taiwan

Dr. Jean L. Lee
Pacific State University, USA

Mr. David Paulson Wilson
Avondale Business School, Avondale College of Higher Education, Australia

Prof. Abdulaziz Bubshait
Department of Construction Engineering & Management, College of Environmental Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia

Dr. Iveta Reinholde
Department of Political Science, University of Latvia, Latvia

Dr. Joanna Radomska
Strategic Management Department, Wrocław University of Economics, Poland

Dr. Teh-Yuan Chang
Department of Management Innovation, Aletheia University, Taiwan

Prof. António Fernandes
Department of Exacta and Social Sciences, School of Agriculture, Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Portugal

Dr. Chia-Dai Yen
Taiwan Marine Education Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan

Prof. Placide Poba Nzaou
Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Canada

Dr. Prabha Ramseook Munhurrun 
Department of Tourism, Leisure and Services, School of Sustainable Development and Tourism, University of Technology, Mauritius

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Lauzon 
Faculty of Education, University of Sherbrooke, Canada

Dr. Aleksandra Peplińska 
Department of Management and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Poland

Dr. Boris Hars Mohammad Gireevich 
Department of Business Management, Aginsky Branch of Modern Humanitarian Academy, Russia

Dr. Katerina Marina Kyrieri 
Law Faculty, University of Maastricht, Netherlands

Dr. Sloane Signal Yépez 
A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, USA

Dr. Ming-Liang Yeh 
Department of Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan

Prof. Jamal Ben Mansour 
Department of Management Science, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres(UQTR), Canada

Prof. Jelena Davidova 
Faculty of Education and Management, Daugavpils University, Latvia

Prof. Mokhtar Amami 
Department of Management and Economics, Royal Military College of Canada, Canada

Dr. Misoon Lee 
Department of Hotel and Tourism Management, School of Commerce and Economics, Kyungsung University, South Korea

Prof. Francesco Calza 
Department of Business and Quantities, University of Naples, Italy

Dr. Jose Vicente Pascual Ivars 
Department of Business Administration, University of Valencia, Spain

Dr. Giuseppe Di Vita 
University of Catania, Italy

Dr. Jacqueline Dahan 
Department of Management and HRM, University of Sherbrooke, Canada

Prof. Elżbieta Wojnicka-Sycz 
Department of Management, University of Gdańsk, Poland

Dr. Ercument Okutmus 
Department of Tourism Management, Alanya Faculty of Business, Akdeniz University, Turkey

Prof. Harri Westermarck 
Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland

Dr. Stig Irving Olsen 
Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Dr. Jeffrey Ady 
College of Social Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Dr. Martina Blaskova 
Department of Managerial Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Slovakia

Prof. Silvia Abella Garcés 
Department of Administration and Management, University of Zaragoza, Spain

Dr. Ebru Tarcan Icigen 
Faculty of Tourism, Akdeniz University, Turkey

Dr. Laura Zizka 
Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne, Switzerland

Prof. Wansuk Ko 
Department of Management Information Systems, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea

Assoc. Prof. Matei Tamasila 
Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania

Prof. H. Randall Capps 
Gordon Ford College of Business, Western Kentucky University, USA

Prof. Sebastien Azondekon 
Department of Administrative Sciences, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Canada

Dr. Beykan Cizel 
Faculty of Tourism, Akdeniz University, Turkey

Dr. Ilie M. Taucean 
Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Politehnica University Timisoara, Romania

Dr. Berna Burcu Yilmaz 
Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Tourism, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey

Prof. Frank Jaster 
A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, USA

Assit. Prof. Chun-Chi Lan 
Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Dr. Manamela J. Matshabaphala 
Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Prof. Jean-Jacques Chanaron 
Grenoble Graduate School of Management, France

Prof. Giuseppina Carrà 
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Italy

Prof. Guylaine Landry 
School of Management Science (ESG UQAM), University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada

Prof. Fulya Sarvan 
Department of Business Administration, Akdeniz University, Turkey

Prof. Mustafa Gülmez 
Faculty of Tourism, Ayse School of Applied Sciences, Mediterranean University, Turkey

Dr. Franklin Nakpodia 
Northumbria University, UK

Prof. Francesca Romana Rinaldi 
Department of Management and Technology, Bocconi University, Italy

Prof. Ndiaga Loum 
Department of Social Sciences, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Canada

Prof. Gyorgy Komaromi 
Department of Finance, International Business School, Hungary

Prof. Meine Pieter van Dijk 
Maastricht School of Management (MSM), Netherlands

Dr. Adrian Pugna 
Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania

Dr. Nicholas Leggett 
European Corporate Governance Institute, Belgium

Prof. Taeksoo Shin 
Division of Business Administration, College of Government and Business, Yonsei University, South Korea

Dr. Claudio Jommi 
Department of Public Management and Policy, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Salim Bhuria 
Project Management Institute: Arabian Gulf Chapter, Kuwait

Dr. Pavan Meadati 
Department of Construction Management, Kennesaw State University, USA

Dr. Hiroto Kawashima 
Department of Management Science and Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science & Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Japan

Dr. Wan-Chun Liu 
Department of Logistics Management, Takming University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Prof. Antonello Garzoni 
Department of Economics and Management, LUM University, Italy

Dr. Ebru Gunlu 
Faculty of Management, Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey

Dr. Kane Hamdjatou 
Department of Administrative Sciences, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Canada

Dr. John Large 
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USA

Dr. Claudia Tacchino 
Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Heidi H. Chang 
Department of Hospitality Management, I-Shou University, Taiwan

Dr. Luis Navarro Elola 
Department of Management and Organization, School of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain

Prof. Muriel Dufour 
Department of Accounting Studies, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Canada

Dr. Maria Panitsa 
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Greece

Prof. Chin-Shun Wu 
Department of Finance, Graduate Institute of Financial Management, Nan Hua University, Taiwan

Prof. Alain Adrien Grenier 
Department of Urban Studies and Tourism, School of Management Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal (ESG-UQAM), Canada

Prof. Luigi Serio 
Department of Economics and Business Management, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy

Dr. Charles Olivier Mao Takongmo 
Department of Economics, University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada

Prof. Antonio Catalani 
Department of Strategic & Entrepreneurial Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Prof. Hamdi F. Ali 
Maastricht School of Management (MsM), Netherlands

Prof. Iveta Mietule 
Faculty of Economics and Management, Rezekne Higher Education Institution, Latvia

Dr. Hussein Abaza 
Department of Construction Management, Southern Polytechnic State University, USA

Prof. Akin Aksu 
Faculty of Tourism, Akdeniz University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Yi Shin Lin 
Department of Financial Management, Huizhou University, China

Dr. Gioacchino Pappalardo 
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Italy

Prof. Vincenzo Capizzi 
1) SDA Bocconi School of Management, Eastern Piedmont University, Italy; 2) Department of Finance, Bocconi University, Italy

Prof. Geert W.J. Heling 
Maastricht School of Management, Netherlands

Dr. Piotr Kafel 
Department of Quality Management, Cracow University of Economics, Poland

Prof. Hari Singh Rao 
Business School, Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, Canada

Dr. Şule Aydin Tükeltürk 
School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Batman University, Turkey

Prof. Alberto Grando 
SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Claus Madsen 
Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Dr. Eleonora Cattaneo 
SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Gregory Weisenborn 
Department of Management & Marketing, College of Business & Entrepreneurship, Fort Hays State University, USA

Prof. Elisabeth Froehlich 
Cologne Business School, Germany

Dr. Hui-O Yang 
Department of International Business Administration, Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, Taiwan

Dr. Cynthia Conrad 
Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, USA

Dr. Lili Zhao 
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey

Dr. Manuel Recio Menéndez 
Department of Economics and Business Studies, University of Almería, Spain

Prof. François de Grandpré 
Department of Leisure Studies, Culture and Tourism, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Canada

Prof. Alexander Redlein 
Facility Management Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Austria

Assoc. ProfessorKatarzyna Miszczak 
Department of Spatial Economy and Local Government Administration, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland

Dr. Ahmet Oztekin 
Faculty of Communication, Erciyes University, Turkey

Dr. Dimitriadis Efstathios 
Department of Business Administration, Kavala Institute of Technology, Greece

Dr. Dóra Piroska 
Department of International Studies, International Business School, Hungary

Dr. Fahim Youssofzai 
Royal Military College of Canada, Canada

Prof. Rolf Meyer 
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland

Prof. Cho Sun Bai 
Department of Hotel Management, Cheongju University, South Korea

Dr. Jerzy Kisielnicki 
Department of Management Information Systems, University of Warsaw, Poland

Prof. Kim, Sang Wook 
Graduate School of Business, Chungbuk University, South Korea

Prof. Maurizio Poli 
School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Prof. Anna Arcari 
Department of Economics, Insubria University, Italy

Prof. Young-Kyu Kim 
Department of Tourism Management, Keimyung University, South Korea

Prof. Osamu Tomisawa 
School of Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan

Dr. Clifford Blake 
Department of Management Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada

Dr. Friedrich Teichmann 
Military Geospatial Institute, Ministry of Defense and Sport, Austria

Prof. Boutellier Roman 
Department of Human Resources and Infrastructure, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Prof. Elie Elia 
Department of Management and Technology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada

Dr. Magne Aarset 
School of Business, Aalesund University College, Norway

Prof. Marian Mocan 
Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Politehnica University of Timișoara, Romania

Prof. Michele Quintano 
Department of Marketing Management, ESADE Business School, Spain

Dr. Antonio Maffei 
Department of Production Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Dr. Blancero, Donna Maria 
Department of Management, College of Business, Bentley University, USA

Dr. Ralph Bathurst 
School of Management, Massey University, New Zealand

Dr. Baobao Dong 
School of Management, Jilin University, China

Prof. Kai-Uwe Wellner 
International Business Technische Hochschule Nurnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Germany

Dr. Silvia Pampana 
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Agro-Environmental, University of Pisa, Italy

Prof. Elisabetta Trinchero 
School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. A. Eren DURMUS OZDEMIR 
Department of Business Administration, University of Akdeniz, Turkey

Prof. Tony Carter 
Department of Business Management, University of New Haven, USA

Dr. Duygu Salman Öztürk 
Department of Tourism Administration, Bogazici University, Turkey

Dr. Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene 
Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania

Prof. Gianluca Meloni 
Department of Accounting, Control, Corporate and Real Estate Finance, SDA (School of Management), Bocconi University, Italy

Prof. Skander Ben Abdallah 
Department of Management and Technology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada

Prof. Margo Bienert 
Department of Business Administration, Nuremberg Institute of Technology, Germany

Dr. Tina Jukic 
Faculty of Administration, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Prof. Francesca Prandstraller 
Department of Management and Technology, Bocconi University, Italy

Prof. Michel Blanchette 
Department of Accounting Studies, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Canada

Prof. Abdelhadi Naji 
Department of Human Resource Management Universite of Quebec in Trois-Rivieres, Canada

Prof. Alejandro Romero 
Department of Management and Technology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada

Dr. Michel Pérusse 
School of Business, University of Sherbrooke, Canada

Dr. Li Ling 
Department of Construction Management, Tianjin University, China

Dr. Tülay Fenerci 
Department of Information and Records Management, Faculty of Language, History and Geography, Ankara University, Turkey

Dr. Anne Linke 
Department of Strategic Communications, Institute of Communication and Media Studies, University of Leipzig, Germany

Dr. Jeevan Jayasuriya 
School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Dr. Thomas Biruhs 
Institute for Marketing and Consumer Research, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria

Dr. Bruno Nikolic 
Institute of Administration, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Prof. Mauro Onori 
Department of Production Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Dr. Forrest S. Carter 
Department of Marketing, College of Business, Michigan State University, USA

Dr. Mikkel Draebye 
School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Dorota Godlewska-Werner 
Department of Economic and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Poland

Prof. Laura Gaillard Giordani 
Department of Management and Technology, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Arianna Bove 
School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Prof. Maira Lescevica 
Department of Business Environment Administration, Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences, Latvia

Prof. Shi-Chul Lee 
School of Public Administration, Kyungpook National University, South Korea

Dr. Cheah Lai Yin Sarah 
Department of Management and Organisation, School of Business, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Dr. Tony Michell 
KDI School of International Policy and Management, South Korea

Dr. Elisabetta Marafioti 
Department of Management and Technology, School of Management, Bocconi University, Italy

Dr. Annette Rogers 
Barney School of Business, University of Hartford, USA

Prof. Tomiuk Daniel 
Department of Management and Technology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada

Prof. Dr. Maryse KOEHL 
University Lille, France

Dr. Zeljko Mateljak 
Faculty of Economics, University of Split, Croatia

Dr. Esma Ergüner Özkoç 
Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Commercial Sciences, Başkent University, Turkey

Dr. Hatice Kucukonal 
Faculty of Aviation and Aeronautical Sciences - BSc.in Aviation Management, Özyeğin University, Turkey

Prof. Pedro Lechon Flet 
Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zaragoza, Spain

Dr. Lawrence Mbugua 
School of the Built Environment, University of Reading, UK

Dr. Mustafa Cicek 
Independent Researcher, Turkey

Dr. Stela Georgieva Zhivkova 
University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria

Dr. Wilfredo J. Nicolas 
School of Arts and Sciences, Aklan State University, Philippines

Dr. Slawomir Rebisz 
Department of Media and School Pedagogy, Institute of Education, College of Social Science, University of Rzeszów, Poland

Prof. Vorina Anton 
School of Economics, Vocational College, Celje, Slovenia

Dr. Marcel Pikhart 
Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, The Czech Republic

Dr. Marco Aurelio Ribeiro Lamas 
Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administracao do Porto (ISCAP), Portugal

Prof. Kornelija Petr Balog 
Department of Information Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek, University of Osijek, Croatia

Dr. Okeke-Uzodike  
Faculty of Applied Management, Durban University of Technology, South Africa

Assoc. Prof. Ludmila Mládková 
Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics Prague, The Czech Republic

Dr. Charles Isaac N. Deita 
SIFA Learning Academy Charter School, USA

Prof. S. L. Gupta 
Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India

Dr. Charmaine Williamson 
School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, South Africa

Prof. Teresa Paiva 
Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Portugal

Dr. Katarzyna Świerszcz 
Institute of Security and Defense, Faculty of the Security, Logistics and Management, Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, Poland

Dr. Khaled Medini 
Fayol Institute, Saint-Étienne School of Mines, France

Dr. Josephine Sardan Lambinicio 
Center for Research and Development, Urdaneta City University, Philippines

Dr. Frederick Matthews Dumisani Xaba 
Graduate School of Business and Leadership, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Dr. Debbie Millard 
Independent Researcher, UK

Dr. Laura E. Tate 
Laura Tate Associates, British Columbia, Canada

Dr. Christopher J. Ewing 
School of Business, School of Psychology, Touro University Worldwide, USA

Dr. Nelly Samson Maliva 
Department of Marketing, University of Dar Es Salaam Business School, Tanzania

Assoc. Prof. Mohd Rashid bin Ab Hamid 
Faculty of Industrial Management, University of Malaysia, Malaysia

Dr. Chiam Chooi Chea 
Cluster of Business and Management, Open University Malaysia, Malaysia

Assoc. Prof. Haydar Ateş 
Department of Logistics Management, Faculty of Management, Turkish Aeronautical Association University, Turkey

Dr. Dorothea Wahyu Ariani 
Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics, Mercu Buana Yogyakarta University, Indonesia

Dr. Nathaporn Utakrit 
Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Digital Innovation, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand

Dr. Ramadan Ahmed Abugeddida 
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Misurata University, Libya

Assoc. Prof. Tahir Masood 
College of Business Administration, American University in the Emirates, UAE

Dr. Ignacio de la Pena 
School of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain

Dr. Paul Ayobami Akanbi 
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Nigeria

Dr. Khalid Bin Abdul Wahid 
Department of Information System Management, Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Dr. Monizaihasra Binti Mohamed 
Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Dr. Jadranka Brkić-Vejmelka 
Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić, University of Zadar, Croatia

Prof. Mahrina Sari 
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Lampung, Indonesia

Dr. Izabela Sztangret 
Department of Entrepreneurship, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland

Prof. Goran Vukovič 
Faculty of Organisational Sciences, University of Maribor, Slovenia

Dr. David N. Resende 
School of Technology and Management, University of Aveiro, Portugal

Dr. Ahmed Salisu 
Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria

Dr. Mohammad Ichsan 
Management Program, Binus Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia

Dr. Angela D. Akorsu 
Department of Labour and Human Resource Studies, School for Development Studies, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

Dr. Ketevan Tchanidze 
Faculty of Business and Management, Batumi State Maritime Academy, Georgia

Prof. Padma Yallapragada 
Department of Business Management, Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women, India

Dr. Kadłubek Marta 
Department of Logistics, Faculty of Management, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland

Dr. Cosmina-Simona Toader 
Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania

Prof. Fouad Benghadbane 
Department of Management of the Urban Techniques, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria

Dr. Muhammad Kamran 
Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Poland

Assoc. Prof. Hannelie Nel 
Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Dr. Ncedo Cameron Xhala 
Department of Higher Education and Training, University of Pretoria, South Africa

Prof. Olga Komelina 
Department of Management and Logistics, National University "Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic", Ukraine

Dr. Peter Gituma Kimathi 
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Studies, Chuka University, Kenya

Dr. Shittu Abdullateef Adewale 
Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria

Prof. Temur Chilachava 
Faculty of Business and Technology, Georgian National University, USA

Dr. Amitabh Mishra 
Department of Business Administration, College of Economics and Business Administration, University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CAS), Oman

Dr. Maria Th. Tsami 
Department of Economics, School of Economics and Regional Studies, University of Macedonia, Greece

Dr. Christopher Amoah 
Department of Quantity Surveying and Construction Management, University of the Free State, South Africa

Dr. Bülent Batmaz 
Department of Economic and Administrative Programs, Faculty of Open Education, Anadolu University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Aleksandra Vujko 
Tourism and Hotel Management, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia