Universal Journal of Physics and Application Vol. 4(3), pp. 381 - 388
Reprint (PDF) (188Kb)

TO WHAT EXTENT THE SUPERFIELD ⁴He IS SQUEEZED?

AUTHOR(S) INFORMATION: Bogolubov N.N., Jr. and Shumowsky A.S.

ABSTRACT

We show that the Bogoliubov microscopic theory of superfluidity of liquid ⁴He allows quantum fluctuations of both condensate and excitations. Comparison of those fluctuations leads to an equation determining the mean number of atoms with zero momentum in a self-consistent way. Obtained results are in good agreement with the experiments on Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic beams. To explain experimental results on low amount of atoms in condensate in the superfluid phase of liquid ⁴He, we propose to consider the ground state of the condensate as a squeezed number state and discuss some corollaries coming from this conjecture.