Environment and Ecology Research Vol. 6(1), pp. 60 - 65
DOI: 10.13189/eer.2018.060105
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PIXE Analysis of Synthetic Turf

Michael F. Vineyard ^1,*, Scott M. LaBrake ¹, Sajju Chalise ¹, Morgan L. Clark ², Skye T. Conlan ¹, Zachary H. Porat ^1
1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Union College, Schenectady, New York, 12309, United States
² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States

ABSTRACT

We performed a proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of synthetic turf blade and crumb rubber infill samples to search for heavy metals and other possibly toxic substances. Samples were collected from eight FieldTurf athletic fields installed in the Capital District of New York between 2009 and 2016. The samples were bombarded with proton beams from the 1.1-MV tandem Pelletron accelerator in the Union College Ion-Beam Analysis Laboratory and the emitted X-rays were measured using a silicon drift detector with an energy resolution of about 130 eV. All of the infill samples contained Zn at levels above soil standards. Approximately 17% of the infill samples contained measurable concentrations of Pb and one had a level (110 ± 10 ppm) exceeding soil standards. Bromine was detected in approximately 42% of the infill samples with a maximum concentration of 1500 ± 200 ppm and may be due to the presence of brominated flame retardants. The distributions and relative concentrations of elements measured in synthetic turf blade samples of different colors are indicative of the metal-oxide pigments used to color the blades. For example, V and Bi observed in yellow blade samples are from the environmentally friendly, yellow pigment bismuth vanadate.

KEYWORDS
PIXE, Synthetic Turf, Heavy Metals, Bromine

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Michael F. Vineyard , Scott M. LaBrake , Sajju Chalise , Morgan L. Clark , Skye T. Conlan , Zachary H. Porat , "PIXE Analysis of Synthetic Turf," Environment and Ecology Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 60 - 65, 2018. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2018.060105.

(b). APA Format:
Michael F. Vineyard , Scott M. LaBrake , Sajju Chalise , Morgan L. Clark , Skye T. Conlan , Zachary H. Porat (2018). PIXE Analysis of Synthetic Turf. Environment and Ecology Research, 6(1), 60 - 65. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2018.060105.