Nursing and Health Vol. 3(5), pp. 120 - 127
DOI: 10.13189/nh.2015.030503
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Development of the Pregnancy-related Empowerment Scale

Carrie S. Klima ^*, Susan C. Vonderheid , Kathleen F. Norr , Chang G. Park
College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, USA

ABSTRACT

Patient-centered care that empowers individuals to take control of their health can improve health outcomes, especially during pregnancy. This study developed and tested a pregnancy-related empowerment scale (PRES). Phase 1 developed and validated a 16-item scale using expert panel review, focus group and think-aloud interviews with pregnant women and a small pilot. Phase 2 used committee translation and cognitive interviews to establish a conceptually equivalent Spanish version. Phase 3 used survey data from 365 pregnant women to establish high scale reliability (α > 0.90). Confirmatory factor analysis was consistent with four conceptual dimensions of empowerment: provider connectedness, skillful decision-making, peer connectedness and gaining voice. The PRES offers a reliable and valid measure for English and Spanish-language women in clinical practice and research related to prenatal care innovations.

KEYWORDS
Empowerment, Centeringpregnancy, Group Care, Prenatal Care, Measurement, Instrument Development

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Carrie S. Klima , Susan C. Vonderheid , Kathleen F. Norr , Chang G. Park , "Development of the Pregnancy-related Empowerment Scale," Nursing and Health, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 120 - 127, 2015. DOI: 10.13189/nh.2015.030503.

(b). APA Format:
Carrie S. Klima , Susan C. Vonderheid , Kathleen F. Norr , Chang G. Park (2015). Development of the Pregnancy-related Empowerment Scale. Nursing and Health, 3(5), 120 - 127. DOI: 10.13189/nh.2015.030503.