Environment and Ecology Research Vol. 14(2), pp. 126 - 134
DOI: 10.13189/eer.2026.140203
Reprint (PDF) (811Kb)

Strengthening Raw Water Management in Rural Water Supply Systems: A Policy Model Using ISM in Tabanan, Bali

I Gusti Ngurah Kerta Arsana ¹, Mawiti Infantri Yekti ², Sagung Putri Chandra Astiti ³, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra ^4,*
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Udayana University, Indonesia
² Department of Civil Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
³ Department of Environmental, Udayana University, Indonesia
⁴ Department of Architecture, Udayana University, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The management of rural drinking water systems in Tabanan Regency, Bali, is predominantly community-based and deeply rooted in local socio-cultural values. However, several challenges—including limited raw water capacity, fragmented institutional coordination, and insufficient regulatory support—continue to hinder system sustainability. This study aims to develop a strategic policy model for strengthening raw water management in rural drinking water supply systems using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. A mixed-methods sequential exploratory design was employed, integrating qualitative data from expert interviews with quantitative analysis through ISM. The findings identify three dominant institutional actors—the Bali-Penida River Basin Center, the Bali Regional Settlement Infrastructure Agency, and Traditional Villages—as key drivers in policy formulation. In addition, twelve priority needs and eleven critical constraints were identified, highlighting the importance of regulatory strengthening, institutional capacity building, and the integration of local wisdom through the Tri Hita Karana framework. This study proposes a comprehensive policy model that integrates technical, institutional, and socio-cultural dimensions to enhance sustainable water governance. The findings contribute to the advancement of decentralized water management policies applicable to rural contexts in developing countries. However, the study is limited by its reliance on expert judgment and regional specificity, indicating the need for further validation in broader contexts. The study also provides practical implications for policymakers by emphasizing the integration of local cultural values into environmental governance frameworks.

KEYWORDS
Raw Water Policy, Interpretive Structural Modeling, PAMDes, Bali

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] I Gusti Ngurah Kerta Arsana , Mawiti Infantri Yekti , Sagung Putri Chandra Astiti , Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra , "Strengthening Raw Water Management in Rural Water Supply Systems: A Policy Model Using ISM in Tabanan, Bali," Environment and Ecology Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 126 - 134, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2026.140203.

(b). APA Format:
I Gusti Ngurah Kerta Arsana , Mawiti Infantri Yekti , Sagung Putri Chandra Astiti , Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra (2026). Strengthening Raw Water Management in Rural Water Supply Systems: A Policy Model Using ISM in Tabanan, Bali. Environment and Ecology Research, 14(2), 126 - 134. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2026.140203.