Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 14(3), pp. 1477 - 1493
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2026.140307
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GIS-Based Flood Hazard Mapping and Spatial Analysis in North Luwu Regency, Indonesia

Erpika Ansela Surira ¹, Idawarni Asmal ², Miswar Tumpu ^3,*, Hoong Pin Lee ^4
1 Infrastructure Planning Study Program, The Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
² Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
³ Disaster Management Study Program, The Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
⁴ Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Floods are among the most frequent and destructive natural disasters in Indonesia, causing severe impacts on human settlements, infrastructure, and regional development. North Luwu Regency, particularly Masamba, experienced a catastrophic flash flood in 2020 that resulted in significant loss of life, extensive infrastructure damage, and long-term disruption of community livelihoods. This event underscores the urgent need for comprehensive flood mitigation strategies that integrate structural and non-structural measures within a unified spatial planning framework. Previous mitigation efforts relying on physical infrastructure such as levees and drainage systems remain limited due to sedimentation, inadequate maintenance, and rapid land-use change. Therefore, a holistic and evidence-based approach is essential to address hydrological, ecological, and socio-spatial dynamics in flood-prone areas. This study applies GIS-based spatial analysis to formulate integrated flood mitigation strategies in North Luwu using four spatial datasets: Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Flow Direction, Flow Accumulation, and Flood Hazard maps. Spatial overlay and hydrological modelling were used to identify high-risk downstream zones, upstream contributing catchments, and the relationship between topography, surface runoff concentration, and hazard distribution. Results indicate that low-lying downstream areas near coastal margins and river confluences exhibit the highest flood susceptibility due to steep upstream slopes, sediment deposition, and land conversion. High-risk areas significantly overlap with densely populated settlements and agricultural land. The study proposes a dual approach combining structural measures—such as retention basins, drainage improvements, and sediment control—with non-structural strategies including ecosystem restoration, community-based early warning systems, and strengthened land-use regulation. Integrating these actions within an Integrated Flood Management framework is essential for enhancing resilience and supporting sustainable disaster infrastructure planning.

KEYWORDS
Flood Mitigation, GIS Analysis, Integrated Flood Management (IFM), North Luwu, Flow Accumulation, Flood Hazard Mapping, Disaster

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Erpika Ansela Surira , Idawarni Asmal , Miswar Tumpu , Hoong Pin Lee , "GIS-Based Flood Hazard Mapping and Spatial Analysis in North Luwu Regency, Indonesia," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 1477 - 1493, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2026.140307.

(b). APA Format:
Erpika Ansela Surira , Idawarni Asmal , Miswar Tumpu , Hoong Pin Lee (2026). GIS-Based Flood Hazard Mapping and Spatial Analysis in North Luwu Regency, Indonesia. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 14(3), 1477 - 1493. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2026.140307.