Universal Journal of Public Health Vol. 14(2), pp. 300 - 306
DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2026.140210
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Vitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Waist-To-Hip Ratio, Fat Mass, and Blood Pressure in Obese Women: A Preliminary Study

Luh Putu Ratna Sundari ^1,*, I Ketut Tunas ^2
1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
² Department of Health Information Management, Faculty of Health Science, Bali International University, Bali, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Vitamin D deficiency is often linked to obesity, which features an increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and higher body fat mass. Obesity is also strongly connected to an elevated risk of hypertension. Vitamin D plays a key role in regulating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which controls blood pressure. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels, WHR, body fat mass, and blood pressure in obese women to better understand the potential role of vitamin D in blood pressure regulation within this group. A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among 37 obese women between 20–30 years old. Serum vitamin D levels, WHR, body fat mass, and blood pressure were measured, and the correlations were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test. The mean serum vitamin D level was 21.2 ± 12.2 ng/mL, the mean body fat mass was 41.73 ± 4.46%, and the mean WHR was 0.82 ± 0.05. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 128.3 ± 13.8 mmHg and 82.9 ± 9.7 mmHg, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between vitamin D levels and WHR (r = –0.355, p = 0.031), body fat mass (r = –0.338, p = 0.041), systolic blood pressure (r = –0.387, p = 0.018), and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.556, p < 0.001). In conclusion, lower serum vitamin D levels were significantly associated with higher WHR, body fat mass, and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings highlight the role of vitamin D in the regulation of fat metabolism and blood pressure.

KEYWORDS
Obesity, Vitamin D, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Body Fat Mass, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Luh Putu Ratna Sundari , I Ketut Tunas , "Vitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Waist-To-Hip Ratio, Fat Mass, and Blood Pressure in Obese Women: A Preliminary Study," Universal Journal of Public Health, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 300 - 306, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2026.140210.

(b). APA Format:
Luh Putu Ratna Sundari , I Ketut Tunas (2026). Vitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Waist-To-Hip Ratio, Fat Mass, and Blood Pressure in Obese Women: A Preliminary Study. Universal Journal of Public Health, 14(2), 300 - 306. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2026.140210.