International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Vol. 14(1), pp. 113 - 122
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140112
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Development of a Training Model to Improve the Shooting Ability of Beginner Petanque Athletes

Nugroho Susanto ¹, Anggun Permata Sari ¹, Alimuddin ¹, Arif Fadli Muchlis ¹, Afif Rusdiawan ², Agam Akhmad Syaukani ^3,*, Tri Hadi Karyono ⁴, Gema Fitriady ⁵, Jihan Faira Zanada ^6
1 Department of Health and Recreation, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
² Department of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
³ Department of Physical Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
⁴ Department of Sports Coaching Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁵ Department of Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
⁶ Department of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

This research develops a specialized training model to enhance the shooting performance of beginner petanque players. Preliminary observations revealed that existing training models lacked focus and structure. The technical drills were conducted for a very short duration. Moreover, the lack of consistent coaching or supervision reduced the effectiveness of the training. To address these issues, the present study adopted a research and development (R&D) design to develop a more systematic and diverse model for shooting exercises. Model validation was achieved through consultations with experts in petanque and sports coaching. Data collection involved the use of questionnaires and evaluation forms. The samples were gathered from beginner petanque athletes at the YABNI Foundation in Padang City. They were selected using a total sampling method. Findings demonstrated that the newly designed model significantly improved training effectiveness, as reflected in an average respondent rating of 4.64 with a low standard deviation of 0.66. These figures indicate stable and consistent feedback. Additionally, both small-scale and large-scale trials produced highly positive outcomes, confirming that the model is suitable for practical implementation to enhance the shooting proficiency of beginner athletes. While the findings seem promising, several limitations should still be acknowledged. The limitations include the population level (limited to beginner athletes at the YABNI Foundation in Padang City), the short duration of the training model, and external variables such as weather conditions and individual motivation that were not fully controlled. In addition, the evaluation method remains subjective, relying on a questionnaire. Therefore, further research is recommended to involve a larger population over a longer research duration to assess its long-term effects. Implementing more objective evaluation methods, enriching mental training, and increasing supervision of trainers can also improve the effectiveness of this training model.

KEYWORDS
Training Model, Shooting Ability, Petanque, Beginner Athletes

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Nugroho Susanto , Anggun Permata Sari , Alimuddin , Arif Fadli Muchlis , Afif Rusdiawan , Agam Akhmad Syaukani , Tri Hadi Karyono , Gema Fitriady , Jihan Faira Zanada , "Development of a Training Model to Improve the Shooting Ability of Beginner Petanque Athletes," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 113 - 122, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140112.

(b). APA Format:
Nugroho Susanto , Anggun Permata Sari , Alimuddin , Arif Fadli Muchlis , Afif Rusdiawan , Agam Akhmad Syaukani , Tri Hadi Karyono , Gema Fitriady , Jihan Faira Zanada (2026). Development of a Training Model to Improve the Shooting Ability of Beginner Petanque Athletes. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 14(1), 113 - 122. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140112.