International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Vol. 14(1), pp. 93 - 103
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140110
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Designing a Virtual Reality Storyboard for Basic Volleyball Skills Training for Athletes with Disabilities

Siti Ayu Risma Putri ^1,*, Putri Cicilia Kristina ¹, Perabu Nita ², Oktariyana ^3
1 Postgraduate Program, Master of Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Palembang, Indonesia
² Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas PGRI Palembang, Indonesia
³ Postgraduate Program, Master of Educational Technology, Universitas Baturaja, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

This research aims to create a Virtual Reality (VR)-based storyboard to support disabled athletes in understanding fundamental volleyball techniques. The foundation of this research stems from the need for adaptive, safe, and inclusive sports training tools to help physically disabled athletes improve their motor skills. VR technology was chosen due to its ability to generate realistic and interactive training environments, allowing participants to learn and repeat basic volleyball movements without the risk of physical injury. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, referring to the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). However, the focus is limited to the first two phases: analysis and design. In the analysis phase, the characteristics, needs, and challenges faced by disabled athletes during training in basic volleyball techniques were identified through interviews and observations. The analysis findings indicate that the required training tools must clearly display movements, be repeatable, and include accessibility features such as high color contrast, large-sized icons, and voice guidance. The design phase produced an organized storyboard, encompassing a training sequence starting from VR media introduction, virtual warm-up, demonstration of four main techniques (serving, passing, smashing, and blocking), to final assessment and motivation sessions. Every segment includes visual and auditory guides to help users grasp the exercises. The study produces a VR storyboard design as its output, which can act as a basis for developing customized sports training media for athletes with disabilities. However, the researcher recognizes the constraints of this work, since it does not encompass the complete stages of the ADDIE model, development, implementation, and evaluation. As a result, upcoming studies will focus on developing a working VR prototype, conducting trials with a broader set of disabled athletes, and evaluating how well the media enhances motor abilities and engagement in learning for the athletes.

KEYWORDS
Virtual Reality (VR), Storyboard Design, Volleyball Training, Fundamental Techniques, Athletes with Disabilities, Adaptive Sports Media

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Siti Ayu Risma Putri , Putri Cicilia Kristina , Perabu Nita , Oktariyana , "Designing a Virtual Reality Storyboard for Basic Volleyball Skills Training for Athletes with Disabilities," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 93 - 103, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140110.

(b). APA Format:
Siti Ayu Risma Putri , Putri Cicilia Kristina , Perabu Nita , Oktariyana (2026). Designing a Virtual Reality Storyboard for Basic Volleyball Skills Training for Athletes with Disabilities. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 14(1), 93 - 103. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140110.