Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 14(1), pp. 414 - 425
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2026.140127
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Beyond the Visible Edge: Karang Bengang as Spatial Liminality and an Ecological-Ritual Network in Balinese Customary Space

Ni G. A. Diah Ambarwati Kardinal ^1,2,*, I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra ³, I Made Adhika ³, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra ^3
1 Study Program of Doctoral Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Indonesia
² Study Program of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Hindu University of Indonesia, Indonesia
³ Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The concept of the boundary or edge in conventional urban image theory (Kevin Lynch) often restricts it to a static, physical, and linear element. This approach is inadequate for grasping the complexity and dynamism of boundaries in indigenous spatial contexts. This study examines Karang Bengang (KB), a unique spiritual and ecological buffer zone in the customary settlement of Ked Village, Bali, which accommodates both profané and sacred activities. KB is physically defined and separated from the settlement by the Pemangkalan. At this protective gate, the community performs the sacred Nangluk Mrana ceremony to invoke communal safety and well-being. Using a qualitative study (comprising a literature review, observation, and interviews), this research aims to critically challenge the limitations of Lynch's framework and enrich boundary theory with the multidimensional concepts of Spatial Liminality and the Ecological-Ritual Network. The findings indicate that KB functions as more than a visible edge. It operates as: 1) A spiritual threshold, where the Pemangkalan serves as the activation point for Spatial Liminality; 2) A crucial ecological buffer for biodiversity; and 3) A marker of socio-spatial identity reinforced by temporal practices (annual rituals). KB thus functions as a dynamic Ecological-Ritual Network. Theoretically, this study makes a significant contribution by offering KB as a boundary model that challenges the hegemony of Western categories and expands post-colonial spatial discourse. Practically, the findings emphasize the vital importance of integrating these indigenous concepts into contemporary planning to maintain the KB's essential multifunctional character.

KEYWORDS
Customary Boundary, Ecological-Ritual Network, Edge, Karang Bengang, Kevin Lynch, Pemangkalan

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Ni G. A. Diah Ambarwati Kardinal , I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra , I Made Adhika , Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra , "Beyond the Visible Edge: Karang Bengang as Spatial Liminality and an Ecological-Ritual Network in Balinese Customary Space," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 414 - 425, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2026.140127.

(b). APA Format:
Ni G. A. Diah Ambarwati Kardinal , I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra , I Made Adhika , Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra (2026). Beyond the Visible Edge: Karang Bengang as Spatial Liminality and an Ecological-Ritual Network in Balinese Customary Space. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 14(1), 414 - 425. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2026.140127.