International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Vol. 14(1), pp. 29 - 38
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140104
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Designing a Learning-Based Warming-Up Model for Football Courses

Ardi Nusri ^1,*, Nurul Fadilah Ardi ², Asep Prima ¹, Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun ¹, Puji Ratno ^1
1 Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
² Department of Community Nutrition, Graduate School, IPB University, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Football requires mastery of fundamental skills that are not only obtained through core training but also through effective warming up. However, warm-up activities used in learning are often conventional and lack integration with course materials. This study aimed to develop a learning-based football warm-up model using the ball as the main medium, providing physiological, technical, and psychological benefits simultaneously. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach, modified from Borg and Gall's steps into five stages: information gathering, product design, expert validation, small-scale field testing, and large-scale field testing. The subjects were physical education students, consisting of 30 participants in the small-scale trial and 100 participants in the large-scale trial. The instrument used was a basic football skill test by Nusri et al. (2022). The developed warm-up model consisted of 36 activities grouped into five components: ball feeling, passing, dribbling, shooting, and heading. Paired Samples T-Test analysis on five variables (np, nr, nd, nlp, and n_bp) showed significant differences between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.01). This indicates that the developed warm-up model effectively improved students' fundamental football skills and cardiovascular endurance. The developed warm-up model is proven to be relevant to support learning outcomes in basic football skills and can serve as an innovative alternative in sports courses.

KEYWORDS
Warm-Up, Football, Learning, Technique, VO₂max

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Ardi Nusri , Nurul Fadilah Ardi , Asep Prima , Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun , Puji Ratno , "Designing a Learning-Based Warming-Up Model for Football Courses," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 29 - 38, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140104.

(b). APA Format:
Ardi Nusri , Nurul Fadilah Ardi , Asep Prima , Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun , Puji Ratno (2026). Designing a Learning-Based Warming-Up Model for Football Courses. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 14(1), 29 - 38. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2026.140104.