Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy Vol. 14(1), pp. 49 - 58
DOI: 10.13189/app.2026.140105
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Comparative Trends and Forecasts for Pharmacy Retail in America and India

Tarang Patel ¹, Adebayo Kazeem ¹, Vatsal Patel ², Krishna Kattel ³, Micheal Orinuola ⁴, Ahmed Abu Fayyad ^1,*
1 Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
² Department of Health Sciences, CQUniversity (CQU), Melbourne Campus, 120 Spencer Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
³ Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Law and Jurisprudence, University of Ife, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This comparative study investigates and analyzes pharmacy practices in India and the United States, focusing on present trends, regulatory structures, dispensing models, and the evolution of pharmaceutical services. The background for this research stems from the growing importance of globally harmonized pharmacy standards to ensure patient safety and improve health outcomes. The study aims to explore critical aspects such as drug dispensing procedures, packaging and labelling protocols, medication error management, and pharmacist roles in both countries. Using a descriptive analytical approach, this paper evaluates current policies, healthcare infrastructure, and the extent of pharmaceutical care in community pharmacy settings. Findings reveal a pronounced emphasis on patient-centered care and clinical pharmacy services in the United States, where pharmacists play an active role in counselling, medication therapy management, and preventive care including vaccination services. In contrast, Indian pharmacies predominantly follow a transactional model where medications are dispensed in pre-packed formats with limited clinical interaction. While this method improves efficiency in high-volume environments, it may compromise personalized care. Additionally, labeling standards and safety checks are more stringent and consistently applied in the U.S., contributing to a reduced incidence of medication errors. The study concludes that although there are overlapping elements in pharmacy operations, significant differences arise due to varying regulatory frameworks, educational standards, and healthcare priorities. These variations impact service delivery, patient satisfaction, and healthcare accessibility. A key contribution of this research lies in highlighting the potential for mutual learning and system improvements through the integration of best practices from both contexts. The research is limited by the variability of data sources and region-specific policies, yet it offers practical implications for policymakers, educators, and pharmacists seeking to enhance operational efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. Bridging the identified gaps through regulatory reform, training, and technology can lead to more unified and patient-focused pharmacy services worldwide.

KEYWORDS
Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy, India, America, Drugs

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Tarang Patel , Adebayo Kazeem , Vatsal Patel , Krishna Kattel , Micheal Orinuola , Ahmed Abu Fayyad , "Comparative Trends and Forecasts for Pharmacy Retail in America and India," Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 49 - 58, 2026. DOI: 10.13189/app.2026.140105.

(b). APA Format:
Tarang Patel , Adebayo Kazeem , Vatsal Patel , Krishna Kattel , Micheal Orinuola , Ahmed Abu Fayyad (2026). Comparative Trends and Forecasts for Pharmacy Retail in America and India. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 14(1), 49 - 58. DOI: 10.13189/app.2026.140105.