Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 13(3A), pp. 2735 - 2749
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.131339
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Optimizing Multimodal Infrastructure Development in Java: A Budget-Constrained Planning Approach

F. Indriastiwi ^*, S. P. Hadiwardoyo , Nahry
Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The current state of freight transport infrastructure in Indonesia lacks a comprehensive multimodal perspective. Developing infrastructure within this perspective is crucial to achieving efficient and seamless freight transportation. A strategic model is proposed to optimize benefits by minimizing total distribution costs while adhering to budget constraints for investment, operation, and maintenance (IOM). The model incorporates rail, road, and sea modes, factoring in generalized transport costs, such as the value of time (VOT) and reliability (VOR), under various scenarios. Applied to Java's freight transport network, this model uses network representation to reflect real conditions, including attributes like speed, travel time, unit costs, and capacity. It predicts freight volumes for a target year and employs bilevel programming solved by a genetic algorithm to determine the best infrastructure development strategies. Results demonstrate that a multimodal approach yields lower total distribution and IOM costs and higher efficiency compared to a unimodal approach. The model serves as a tool for optimizing multimodal transportation systems, reducing generalized costs, and providing strategic recommendations for infrastructure development in Java.

KEYWORDS
Multimodal Network, Freight Transport, Generalized Transport Cost, Policy Design, Strategic Level

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] F. Indriastiwi , S. P. Hadiwardoyo , Nahry , "Optimizing Multimodal Infrastructure Development in Java: A Budget-Constrained Planning Approach," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 13, No. 3A, pp. 2735 - 2749, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.131339.

(b). APA Format:
F. Indriastiwi , S. P. Hadiwardoyo , Nahry (2025). Optimizing Multimodal Infrastructure Development in Java: A Budget-Constrained Planning Approach. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(3A), 2735 - 2749. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.131339.