Environment and Ecology Research Vol. 12(4), pp. 383 - 408
DOI: 10.13189/eer.2024.120405
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Diversity Pattern of Cultivable Endophytic Microbes from Various Parts of Two Cultivars of Indian Spinach: Basella

Moutusi Saha ¹, Manasa A. P. ¹, Prasannakumar M. K. ², Kiranmayee Pamidimukkala ^1,*
1 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), India
² Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), India

ABSTRACT

Ubiquitous endophytes asymptomatically colonize intra- and intercellular plant tissues through a symbiotic association. These microbes adapt to their environment within the plant's strict limits, grow, and produce specific compounds that promote the host's growth and maintain a stable symbiosis. Applications of endophytes include the production of pigments, enzymes, antimicrobials, biodegradation/bioremediation, and bioactive compounds that help mankind. A hypothesis could be that microbial diversity depends on the variety of microbes, their association patterns with the host, and the surrounding environment. Our objectives were to isolate, identify, and analyze the diversity of both bacteria and fungi from various parts of Basella alba and Basella rubra plants. We used conventional culture-based methods to grow bacteria and fungi on artificial media from the roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds of B. alba and B. rubra. To identify and sequence the grown organisms, we used Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS) 1 and 4 and 16S rRNA PCR, followed by Sanger's sequencing methods. We manually calculated diversity measurements, such as Shannon's and Simpson's indices of diversity and species richness (S_Chao1). All the endophytic fungi identified belong to the phylum Ascomycetes, with three classes, nine orders, nine families, and 13 genera from B. alba, and three classes, five orders, eight families, and 13 genera from B. rubra. The most common class found was Dothideomycetes, followed by Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes. In the phylum Firmicutes, genus Bacillus was identified from B. alba. From B. rubra, members of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified. Bacillus was found in greater abundance in the leaf, stem, fruit, and seed, while Achromobacter was predominant in the root, and Clostridium in the leaf. On nutrient agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for fungi, 105 cultivable fungi and 49 bacteria were identified. Both plants harbored a diverse range of microbes.

KEYWORDS
Bacteria, Fungi, Internal Transcribed Sequence, 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid, Phylogenetic Tree

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Moutusi Saha , Manasa A. P. , Prasannakumar M. K. , Kiranmayee Pamidimukkala , "Diversity Pattern of Cultivable Endophytic Microbes from Various Parts of Two Cultivars of Indian Spinach: Basella," Environment and Ecology Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 383 - 408, 2024. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2024.120405.

(b). APA Format:
Moutusi Saha , Manasa A. P. , Prasannakumar M. K. , Kiranmayee Pamidimukkala (2024). Diversity Pattern of Cultivable Endophytic Microbes from Various Parts of Two Cultivars of Indian Spinach: Basella. Environment and Ecology Research, 12(4), 383 - 408. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2024.120405.