Universal Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 12(4), pp. 546 - 573
DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2024.120402
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A Systematic Review of Weedy Rice in Southeast Asia: Variants, Morphology, Yield, Management, and Potential Value to Food and Health Security

Kiya Janua Rini B. Sandoval ^1,*, Mark Anthony J. Torres ^2,3, Orven E. Llantos ⁴, Cesar G. Demayo ^2,3
1 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
² School of Interdisciplinary Studies/Institute of Peace and Development in Mindanao, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
³ Center of Integrative Health, Premier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
⁴ Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines

ABSTRACT

The widespread adoption of direct-seeded rice (DSR) systems due to water and labor scarcity has intensified weedy rice infestations in Southeast Asia. A systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, or PRISMA, was conducted to determine the variants, morphological variability, yield, and management of weedy rice in consideration of its status as an agricultural weed. The potential benefits of weedy rice to food and health security in the region were also explored by reviewing its ethnobotanical applications, along with wild and traditional rice varieties. A total of 74 studies were included and grouped into five research priority areas, namely weedy rice variants (12 studies), morphology (14 studies), yield (3 studies), management (51 studies), and weedy rice/wild rice/traditional rice varieties with food and medicinal uses (10 studies), with some studies overlapping among the areas. It was found that weedy rice populations in Southeast Asia are morphologically diverse and can be grouped into distinct morphotypes/biotypes. Key morphological traits such as panicle type, awn presence, grain and pericarp coloration, and plant height are often used to differentiate weedy rice variants in the field. This morphological variability may exist between and among weedy rice populations across Southeast Asian countries. However, more weedy rice surveys are needed to sufficiently cover the extent of morphological variability, as well as the spread and severity of infestation, in the major rice-producing countries of the region. In terms of competitive ability, the morphological variability of weedy rice may enhance its competitiveness in the field and help evade management. While cultural and chemical control methods are effective, an integrated approach for controlling weedy rice is still preferred and recommended. There was evidence for the use of weedy rice as food and medicine in Southeast Asia; however, current ethnobotanical investigations primarily focus on traditional rice varieties. Hence, the available data on the ethnobotanical uses of weedy rice is minimal, underscoring the need for further investigation to comprehensively capture its culinary and medicinal significance in the region.

KEYWORDS
Weedy Rice, Systematic Review, Southeast Asia, Morphological Variability, Integrated Weedy Rice management, Ethnobotany

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Kiya Janua Rini B. Sandoval , Mark Anthony J. Torres , Orven E. Llantos , Cesar G. Demayo , "A Systematic Review of Weedy Rice in Southeast Asia: Variants, Morphology, Yield, Management, and Potential Value to Food and Health Security," Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 546 - 573, 2024. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2024.120402.

(b). APA Format:
Kiya Janua Rini B. Sandoval , Mark Anthony J. Torres , Orven E. Llantos , Cesar G. Demayo (2024). A Systematic Review of Weedy Rice in Southeast Asia: Variants, Morphology, Yield, Management, and Potential Value to Food and Health Security. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(4), 546 - 573. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2024.120402.