Universal Journal of Public Health Vol. 12(2), pp. 332 - 340
DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120218
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Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in Malaysia

Ahmed Ibrahim Abdeltawwab Hussein ^1,*, Rosnani Hashim ², Zainol Akbar Zainal ³, Shairyzah Ahmad Hisham ², Syamhanin binti Adnan ⁴, Preethi Raghavan ⁴, Siti Azdiah Binti Abdul Aziz ³, Noorlina Binti Nordin ^5
1 Centre for Research & Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Malaysia
² Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Malaysia
³ Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz Kampus, Malaysia
⁴ Pharmacy Department, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Malaysia
⁵ Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Jalan Tanah Putih, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Despite the established effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality, concerns are rising regarding the emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is inadequate evidence regarding the incidence of MetS among adults starting first-line HAART regimens in Malaysia. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine overall incidence of MetS in HIV patients on first-line HAART regimens and to assess the association between first-line HAART and incidence of MetS at 6-month and 9-month follow-ups among studied subjects. Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study involving adult patients (≥ 18 years old) diagnosed with HIV from January 2023 till May 2023 and on first-line HAART regimen with or without integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) for at least 6 months undergoing follow-up at infectious disease (ID) clinic at a tertiary Malaysian hospital. The study subjects were screened and recruited using purposive sampling after being selectively allocated into 2 groups according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients' profiles were screened via the electronic hospital information system (eHIS) using a pre-prepared data collection form. Results: A total of 210 patients were included in this study with median and interquartile range (IQR) of age was 36 (14) years. The majority of the participants were males (n= 193, 91.9%) and Malays (n= 99, 47.1%). The study results showed that overall incidence of MetS was seen the most in about one fourth of studied subjects (n= 48, 22.9%) at 9-month follow-up, whereas only 5 (2.4%) patients had MetS at 6-month follow-up. This study also found a significant association between first-line HAART and incidence of MetS at 9-month follow-up, where there was a significant increase in MetS among patients on non-INSTI regimen (29.2%) compared to those on INSTI regimen (16.3%). Conclusion: This study found that initiation of first-line HAART regimens, particularly regimens without INSTI, in individuals with HIV has been associated with an increased incidence of MetS. Thus, promoting health education and consistently monitoring patients' clinical and laboratory parameters during each visit, while implementing appropriate measures, are deemed ideal.

KEYWORDS
Incidence, Metabolic Syndrome, First-Line HAART Regimens, HIV, Malaysia

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Ahmed Ibrahim Abdeltawwab Hussein , Rosnani Hashim , Zainol Akbar Zainal , Shairyzah Ahmad Hisham , Syamhanin binti Adnan , Preethi Raghavan , Siti Azdiah Binti Abdul Aziz , Noorlina Binti Nordin , "Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in Malaysia," Universal Journal of Public Health, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 332 - 340, 2024. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120218.

(b). APA Format:
Ahmed Ibrahim Abdeltawwab Hussein , Rosnani Hashim , Zainol Akbar Zainal , Shairyzah Ahmad Hisham , Syamhanin binti Adnan , Preethi Raghavan , Siti Azdiah Binti Abdul Aziz , Noorlina Binti Nordin (2024). Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in Malaysia. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(2), 332 - 340. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2024.120218.