Universal Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 11(5), pp. 916 - 928
DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2023.110516
Reprint (PDF) (1006Kb)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emission and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Treated with a Consortium of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria under Drought Conditions

Emmyrafedziawati Aida Kamal Rafedzi ^1,2,*, Izwan Bharudin ¹, Shazilah Kamaruddin ¹, Farah Diba ¹, Abdul Munir Abdul Murad ^1
1 Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
² Fertilizer Technology Programme, Soil Science, Water & Fertilizer Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Plants are known to release various volatile compounds under stress conditions. When inoculated on crops, plant-growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs), thus enhancing crop seedling production, crop weight, crop yield, and stress resistance. In this study, non-inoculated and inoculated rice plants with a PGPR consortium were set up in glasshouses under drought and non-stress conditions. Drought stress was applied for six days, after which water was added to maintain plant growth. Under both conditions, 68 VOCs were found in rice leaves. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were quantified using the solid-phase microextraction technique paired with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS). Ethylene oxide (EO) was detected in drought-stressed plants compared to that of ethylene. The percentage of EO in non-inoculated rice was higher relative to inoculated rice plants under drought conditions. The identified VOCs in the inoculated and non-inoculated rice (drought stress and non-stress) belonged to the chemical classes of aldehyde, alcohol, terpene, ketone, ester, ether, amine esters, amides, and others. The enzymatic antioxidant activity of rice leaves was also determined to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) levels significantly increased in their activities in inoculated rice compared to non-inoculated under drought stress. Our research focused on how drought affects plant metabolism above and below ground to adapt to a stressful environment.

KEYWORDS
PGPR, Drought-Tolerant, Vocs, Enzymatic Antioxidant, Inoculant

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Emmyrafedziawati Aida Kamal Rafedzi , Izwan Bharudin , Shazilah Kamaruddin , Farah Diba , Abdul Munir Abdul Murad , "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emission and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Treated with a Consortium of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria under Drought Conditions," Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 916 - 928, 2023. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2023.110516.

(b). APA Format:
Emmyrafedziawati Aida Kamal Rafedzi , Izwan Bharudin , Shazilah Kamaruddin , Farah Diba , Abdul Munir Abdul Murad (2023). Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emission and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Treated with a Consortium of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria under Drought Conditions. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(5), 916 - 928. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2023.110516.