Universal Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 11(5), pp. 893 - 905
DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2023.110514
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Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indonesian Cocoa Exports to the United States, the Netherlands and India

Diki Marlina ¹, Ernoiz Antriyandarti ^2,*, Kusnandar Kusnandar ^2
1 Master of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
² Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is the sixth-largest cocoa bean exporter globally, following Ivory Coast, Ghana, Ecuador, Cameroon, and Nigeria. The prospects for Indonesian cocoa production look promising, but the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 harmed the country's cocoa trade. This study used a statistical method called seemingly unrelated regression analysis to investigate how the pandemic affected Indonesian cocoa exports and the demand for cocoa in the United States, India, and the Netherlands between January 2014 and February 2021. The findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic did influence Indonesian cocoa exports rate to the United States and India. Still, it had no significant impact on exports to the Netherlands. Surprisingly, cocoa demand from these three countries remained steady despite the pandemic. This research provides valuable insights into how the pandemic affected agricultural exports, especially in the cocoa industry. Governments should consider launching extensive educational programs to support cocoa farmers to enhance their knowledge of cocoa cultivation techniques and provide them with appropriate agricultural technologies. Additionally, improvements in the quality and quantity of cocoa seeds and processed cocoa can be achieved through the implementation of good corporate governance practices in the downstream sector.

KEYWORDS
Cocoa, COVID-19, Export, Seemingly Unrelated Regression

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Diki Marlina , Ernoiz Antriyandarti , Kusnandar Kusnandar , "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indonesian Cocoa Exports to the United States, the Netherlands and India," Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 893 - 905, 2023. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2023.110514.

(b). APA Format:
Diki Marlina , Ernoiz Antriyandarti , Kusnandar Kusnandar (2023). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indonesian Cocoa Exports to the United States, the Netherlands and India. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(5), 893 - 905. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2023.110514.