Journals Information
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Vol. 11(4), pp. 708 - 720
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2023.110403
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Intensity Level of Endurance Exercise and its Effect on Males with Elevated Blood LDL-C Levels
Hatem A. Shlool 1,*, Nazem N. Qandeel 2
1 Physical and Health Education Department, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Jordan
2 Special Education Department, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Jordan
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease risk reduction has been associated with regular exercise. The underlying mechanism for these benefits is believed to involve low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This study aimed to investigate the impact of different exercise intensities (low, medium, and high) on LDL-C levels, lipoprotein profiles, and other cardiovascular parameters in a controlled homogeneous population. The participants, comprising eighteen males aged 35 to 60, engaged in low, medium, or high-intensity endurance exercise for 45-60 minutes per day, three times per week, over a period of eight weeks. Based on their maximum heart rates, the participants were divided into three groups (low intensity: 50-65%, medium intensity: 65-75%, and high intensity: 80-90%). Statistical analysis (paired t-test) revealed that endurance training had a positive effect on reducing LDL-C levels at medium (p = 0.029) and high (p = 0.042) intensities, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant effect was observed at low intensity (p = 0.096). The Schiff test further demonstrated that medium-intensity endurance exercise was superior to other intensities in reducing LDL-C levels (mean = 201.67). Additionally, Scheffe's test indicated that moderate-intensity endurance training was superior to other intensities in the LDL/HDL ratio, while high-intensity endurance exercise was superior in increasing HDL-C levels. Furthermore, the study established a statistically significant link (p < 0.05) between endurance exercise and improvements in cardiorespiratory efficiency, as evidenced by improvement in VO2max, resting heart rate, blood pressure, and anthropometric alterations such as body mass index and weight.
KEYWORDS
Endurance Exercise, (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol (LDL-C), Cardiovascular Diseases
Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Hatem A. Shlool , Nazem N. Qandeel , "Intensity Level of Endurance Exercise and its Effect on Males with Elevated Blood LDL-C Levels," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 708 - 720, 2023. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2023.110403.
(b). APA Format:
Hatem A. Shlool , Nazem N. Qandeel (2023). Intensity Level of Endurance Exercise and its Effect on Males with Elevated Blood LDL-C Levels. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(4), 708 - 720. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2023.110403.