International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Vol. 10(3), pp. 429 - 440
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100309
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The Effect of Modification Psychomotor Tasks in the Virtual Reality on Cadence and Behavioural Responses of Cycling

Nurul Farha Zainuddin ^1,2,*, Mohd Najeb Jamaludin ^1,3, Izwyn Zulkapri ^1,3, Hosni Hasan ^4,5, Halijah Ibrahim ⁶, Mohd Syafiq Miswan ^2
1 School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
² Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
³ Sports Innovation & Technology Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
⁴ Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
⁵ Sports Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Center; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
⁶ School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Virtual reality is an alternative tool to provide a safe and competitive environment, especially for training and competitions. This study aims to evaluate the effects of modified psychomotor tasks in the virtual reality on the alpha/beta ratio, power output, heart rate, and cadence. The participants are recruited among national development cyclists from National Sport School. The environment of virtual reality was modified from the available virtual reality TACX smart trainer system. The one-way multivariate of variance (MANOVA) identified the effects of the five different levels of psychomotor task (independent variables) in virtual reality on multiple variables of physiological responses. The MANOVA results indicate a statistically significant multivariate main effect for the five levels of task difficulty in road cycling, when jointly considering on the variables of alpha/beta ratio, power output, heart rate, and cadence. The multivariate general linear model for univariate ANOVA results demonstrates a significant difference between subject on alpha/beta ratio and cadence. Significant task pairwise differences were obtained for cadence between Task 1 and both Tasks 2 and 5. The results suggest human's interaction with virtual reality, specifically during the psychomotor task during road cycling. The significant effects on the joint physiological responses ensured that evaluation of the experiment on developed task difficulty in virtual reality was practical, applicable and can be modified when required for training or assessment. The involvement of cognitive functions in response to behavioural mechanism merits further investigation and are deferred for future work.

KEYWORDS
Psychomotor Task, Cadence, Behaviour, Virtual Reality, Cycling, Physiology

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Nurul Farha Zainuddin , Mohd Najeb Jamaludin , Izwyn Zulkapri , Hosni Hasan , Halijah Ibrahim , Mohd Syafiq Miswan , "The Effect of Modification Psychomotor Tasks in the Virtual Reality on Cadence and Behavioural Responses of Cycling," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 429 - 440, 2022. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100309.

(b). APA Format:
Nurul Farha Zainuddin , Mohd Najeb Jamaludin , Izwyn Zulkapri , Hosni Hasan , Halijah Ibrahim , Mohd Syafiq Miswan (2022). The Effect of Modification Psychomotor Tasks in the Virtual Reality on Cadence and Behavioural Responses of Cycling. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(3), 429 - 440. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100309.