International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences Vol. 10(2), pp. 253 - 263
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100216
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Development of Early Childhood Skills by Guiding Tests in Sports Rhythmic Gymnastics

Endang Murti Sulistiyowati ¹, Wawan Sundawan Suherman ^1,*, Endang Rini Sukamti ¹, Ilham ¹, Fajar Sriwahyuniati ¹, Ratna Budiarti ¹, Nuridin Widya Pranoto ^2
1 Faculty of Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
² Faculty of Sport Sciences, Padang State University, Padang, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

When compared to the previous youths, especially before the pandemic, younger generations have become sedentary globally. However, the truth is physical activity positively contributes to human growth and development by causing both physiological and psychological benefits. In the wake of revitalizing such benefits, this current study aimed to develop a guidebook containing physical activity tests that should be implemented in primary schools for early childhood through rhythmic gymnastic sport. This study was the Research and Development alias R & D with 106 and 37 subjects on a large and small scale respectively. Whilst collecting data, instruments such as questionnaires for expert's judgment, anthropometric and bio-motor tests were employed, and norm tests and skills tests as well. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approaches based on mean, standard deviation, percentages. After addressing all data, especially going through all R&D steps, it was revealed that the material expert assessment test results obtained a value of over 80%, likewise for the media assessment test. The results of both small- and large-scale testing showed that most experts indeed stated that the development of the current guidebook was in the category of very good to enhance skills accrual in early childhood growth. Therefore, we conclude that the guidebook, VCD, and tests developed are practical, practicable, and suitable for early childhood.

KEYWORDS
Development, Early Childhood, Physical Skills, Guidebook, Rhythmic Gymnastics

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Endang Murti Sulistiyowati , Wawan Sundawan Suherman , Endang Rini Sukamti , Ilham , Fajar Sriwahyuniati , Ratna Budiarti , Nuridin Widya Pranoto , "Development of Early Childhood Skills by Guiding Tests in Sports Rhythmic Gymnastics," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 253 - 263, 2022. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100216.

(b). APA Format:
Endang Murti Sulistiyowati , Wawan Sundawan Suherman , Endang Rini Sukamti , Ilham , Fajar Sriwahyuniati , Ratna Budiarti , Nuridin Widya Pranoto (2022). Development of Early Childhood Skills by Guiding Tests in Sports Rhythmic Gymnastics. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(2), 253 - 263. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100216.