Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 9(5A), pp. 163 - 173
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.091319
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The Need of Statistical Approach for Optimising Mixture Design of Controlled Low-Strength Materials

Mohd Azrizal Fauzi ^1,2,*, Mohd Fadzil Arshad ¹, Noorsuhada Md Nor ^2
1 School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
² School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

The statistical phase method was introduced to achieve optimal mixing controlled low-strength material (CLSM) proportions, utilising statistical studies. There is no well-known explicit formulation for predicting hardened properties (in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) of CLSM. The proposed approach to optimising CLSM mix design is demonstrated in the most common case where experimental mixing was considered in compliance with the full factorial experimental design involving three variables with two levels (2³) and the Box-Wilson central composite design (CCD) method. Twenty CLSMs with six replicates (one hundred and twenty specimens) were considered in changing the levels of the main factors that affect CLSM compression strength, the water/cementitious ratio (2.53-2.73) and the wastepaper ash (WSA) percentage (50-100%) and cementitious materials content (160-200 kg/m³). The experimental results were used to analyse variance and design a UCS polynomial regression equation for design factors considered in this research. In order to emphasise how to optimise CLSM mixtures with different options, a statistical model was developed.

KEYWORDS
Optimising, Central Composite Design, Controlled Low-Strength Materials, Optimum Mix, Unconfined Compressive Strength

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Mohd Azrizal Fauzi , Mohd Fadzil Arshad , Noorsuhada Md Nor , "The Need of Statistical Approach for Optimising Mixture Design of Controlled Low-Strength Materials," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 9, No. 5A, pp. 163 - 173, 2021. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.091319.

(b). APA Format:
Mohd Azrizal Fauzi , Mohd Fadzil Arshad , Noorsuhada Md Nor (2021). The Need of Statistical Approach for Optimising Mixture Design of Controlled Low-Strength Materials. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 9(5A), 163 - 173. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.091319.