Environment and Ecology Research Vol. 9(4), pp. 173 - 185
DOI: 10.13189/eer.2021.090405
Reprint (PDF) (4020Kb)

Regional Trend in Ambient Air Quality Footprints in Calabar Urban, Nigeria

Josiah Nwabueze Obiefuna ^1,*, Gertrude Nnanjar Njar ², Francis Ebuta Bisong ^1
1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
² Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Poor air quality is widely considered as one of the major environmental hazards confronting several urban centres worldwide. This study examined regional trend in ambient air quality footprints in Calabar Metropolis. Data on emission level of CO, NO₂, SO₂, H₂S, and SPM_2.5 were collected using Crowcon Gasman, while point coordinates were collected using Garmin GPSMap 60CSx device. Interpolation algorithm in Geographic Information Systems infrastructure was used to generate the regional trend maps for the metropolis. Parametric analytical techniques such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to test the hypotheses, while descriptive statistics including tables, maps and standard deviation were also used to present the data based on the objectives of the study. The results of the trend surface analysis for the five (5) measured parameters show that CO and SPM_2.5 were not significant at P˃0.05 with F-ratio of 0.99 and 2.45 respectively. Thus, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant change in the regional trend in air quality across Calabar Metropolis was therefore accepted. Analysis for NO₂, SO₂ and H₂S, were significant at P < 0.05 with F-ratio of 3.47, 3.35 and 7.79 respectively, causing the null hypothesis to be rejected. It was therefore recommended that mitigatory measures should be employed for the purpose of ensuring a sustainable, clean and green urban environment.

KEYWORDS
Regional Trend, Environmental Hazards, Disasters, Air Quality, Pollution

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Josiah Nwabueze Obiefuna , Gertrude Nnanjar Njar , Francis Ebuta Bisong , "Regional Trend in Ambient Air Quality Footprints in Calabar Urban, Nigeria," Environment and Ecology Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 173 - 185, 2021. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2021.090405.

(b). APA Format:
Josiah Nwabueze Obiefuna , Gertrude Nnanjar Njar , Francis Ebuta Bisong (2021). Regional Trend in Ambient Air Quality Footprints in Calabar Urban, Nigeria. Environment and Ecology Research, 9(4), 173 - 185. DOI: 10.13189/eer.2021.090405.