Review of Educational Psychology: Attitudes towards Physics

The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of students' attitudes towards physics and the results of the student attitudes description by using indicators of scientist normality, scientific attitudes adoption and a career interest in physics at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari. This type of research is quantitative using survey research procedures where the instruments used are questionnaires. The subjects of this study were 281 students consisting of 125 students from SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and 156 students from SMAN 6 Batang Hari. Quantitative data analysis techniques use descriptive and inferential statistics. The results are indicator of the scientists normality towards physics which has differences in each school, which amounted to 65.6% and 44.9% with sufficient and good categories. For the indicator of the most dominant scientific attitudes adoption is categorized as good with a percentage of 62.4% and 64.1%, respectively. Then the indicators of career interest in physics also have similarities in each school, namely sufficient categories with a percentage of 68% and 66%. Based on these results, students at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi have sufficient attitudes towards learning physics. While at SMAN 6 Batang Hari students have good attitudes towards learning physics.


Introduction
Education is an effort made to grow and develop the potential of hu man resources, especially students by guiding and facilitating their learning activ ities. Education plays an important ro le in improving the quality of hu man life [1]; [2]. One level of education that has high quality and high competitiveness human resources is the Senior High School. As for the education in Indonesia, there are several levels. One of them is Senior High School level. Senior High school is an educational institution that organizes learning, teaching activ ities, receives and gives lessons according to levels, majors and so on, which have supporting elements such as facilit ies , infrastructure and according to applicable rules with the function to provide teaching for students so that they become individuals which is useful for himself and his environ ment [3]. This goal can be achieved if supported by several influencing factors such as the quality of teaching, the teaching methods used, teaching materials used, preparation of materials, and curriculu m used. Achieving the potential of education can be obtained through an educational institution, one of them is Senio r High School. At these levels students have begun to gradually be able to control themselves in thin king scientifically. As a development of the students mindset, the related subjects are Physics.
The ability of logic and basic calculat ions in mathematics is needed in learn ing physics so that understanding from the in itial material to the final material can connect to one another [4]. Meanwhile according to, [5] physics subjects are considered important to be taught as subjects because physics is a vehicle to grow thinking skills that are useful for solving problems in daily life and equip students with knowledge, understanding and a number of abilities that constitute requirements for entering a h igher level of education. In fact, physics is one of the subjects that is considered heavy and is avoided by some students because it requires perseverance, thoroughness and lots of practice [2]. One o f the basic weaknesses is the low ability to think analytically about a problem. The success of teaching and learning activities in physics learning can be measured by the success of students who take part in learning activit ies [6]. One of the low physics learning results is due to the tendency of lecturers to place more emphasis on mathematical aspects so that innovation is needed in lectures. Psychology is one of the related sciences with human attitudes [7]. Psychology is a discipline on cognition and mental process that become the basis of human behavior. It has some subdisciplines such as memory, learning, perception, and problem-solving [7].
Attitudes related to coping with emot ions that occur during the learning process take place, and they play an important role in shaping human behavior [10][11][12][13]. Because positive attitudes of students towards lessons are needed to determine their focus on lessons and students who have negative attitudes will also affect their learning outcomes [14]; [15]. Therefore, students who have a positive attitude in learning will influence or imp rove the learning outcomes of these students. The effect of the being scientific based character education program on gaining necessary knowledge, attitude and behaviors was positive [16]; [17].
Scientist normality is someone who looks ordinary and is the same as ordinary people. A scientist is often portrayed in the media. Students describe scientists as bearded / bespectacled parents who always work in the laboratory, take notes on new findings and read books [18]. A scientist can solve problems and find something new. The attitude drawn fro m the scientists towards solving problems and finding new discoveries can be used as a role model fo r students. For examp le, in learning physics students in class diligently take notes and are diligent in learning. Besides, when doing physics practicum, students can arrange tools properly in accordance with the procedure and diligently conduct experiments.
As for the adoption of scientific attitudes , students talk about the application of scientific behavior in studying physics. Scientific attitude is something done in solving problems, assessing ideas and information to make decisions in the form of an approach. There are 3 basic components found in scientific attitudes, namely feelings, beliefs and actions [19]. The three co mponents can be applied using scientific methods or methods that can form an active attitude, have critical thinking, structure, and can be independent and logical. For examp le, when carrying out an experimental activ ity, the steps of a structured and clear experiment required students to look for more scientific information. Thus, the knowledge gained will be more conceptualized and proven true fro m the experimental hypotheses that students study.
Based on this, if students already have the attitude like a scientist and been scientific towards learn ing physics, then the next they will settle down and continue their career in the field of Physics as well. The desire for a career in physics means there is a belief that will continue to work in the world of physics. However, not many students are interested in physics because many people think that physics is a difficu lt subject so that work related to physics is certainly difficult. Many wo men don't like co mp licated things like physics. Usually male students prefer careers related to science, wh ile female students prefer scientific activities [20]. The application of curriculu m and technology used by teachers in teaching as well as the student environment that changes become a factor in the emergence of negative feelings towards physics. Submission of such information needs to be considered because if given scientific informat ion not many students will receive the info rmation well so that there are students who show positive attitudes and some who show negative attitudes. There is a lack of knowledge fro m the teacher regarding the weak attitude of students towards physics subjects exacerbates the circu mstances in which students' negative attitudes towards physics will increase.
The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the attitudes of students towards learning physics at high schools in Jamb i City and Batang Hari Regencies. The indicators used are the normality of scientists, adoption of scientific attitudes, and career interests in the field of physics. In this study the questions asked are: 1. What is the normality attitude of scientists towards physics? 2. What is the attitude of adoption of scientific attitudes towards physics? 3. How about a career interest in physics? 4. How do the physics attitudes compare at SMA Ferdy Ferry Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari?

Materials and Methods
Researchers used quantitative research designs with survey methods. Quantitative research methods are defined as methods used to examine populations or specific samples, using research instruments, quantitative or statistical data analysis that aims to test hypotheses that have been made [21]. According to ref [22] research a survey is quantitative research procedure in which the researcher administers survey of sample or in the entire, opinion, behavior, or specific characteristic of the population. The design of this study was applied because it was in accordance with the objectives of the study, namely to find out comparison of student attitudes towards physics and the results of the student attitudes description by using indicators of scientist normality, scientific attitudes adoption and a career interest in physics at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari.

Sample/ Working Group/Participants
The subjects of this study were 281 students consisting of 125 students from SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and 156 students from SMAN 6 Batang Hari. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling . Purposive sampling is a sample that is done by taking subjects rather than based on strata, randomly or regionally but based on the existence of certain goals [23]; [24].

Data Collection Instruments/ Data Collection Methods/ Data Collection Techniques
The instrument used a questionnaire adopted from ref [22]. Th is instrument used a Likert scale. The scale consists of 5 points with very agree value is 5, agree is 4, neutral is 3, disagree is 2, and very d isagree is 1. The focus of this research is on three dimensions of attitudes namely scientists normality, scientific attitudes adoption and career interest in physics (table 1) [22]. The research procedure begins by following the procedures in stages. The questions are the stages of preparation, proposal, formulat ing the problem and the variables. Then a literature rev iew was conducted, looking for a theory supporting the discussion of the problem under study in order to obtain an overview of the research to be carried out and the instruments needed. At the stage of data collection, the questionnaire was given to 281 students at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari. Fro m the data, the data analysis is then done, which is filtering out the proper data and coding the data.

Data Analysis
Data analysis used is descriptive and inferential. Description of the amount of data including mean, mode, med ian, maximu m and min imu m is descriptive statistics [25]. Given that it is impossible to gather data fro m all members of the population, inferential statistics can allow researchers to generalize findings to other similar language learners; that is, to make inferences [11]. Inferential statistics use analysis with homogeneity tests, normal tests, intervals, and t-tests. The T test is a different test to find out if there is a significant difference in the average between the 2 free groups that scale the interval / ratio of data to the data source of different subjects. A researcher can use one-sample t-test to compare the mean of a sample with a hypothesized population mean to see if the sample is significantly different [26]. Data were analy zed using the SPSS 22 program to obtain the percentage, frequency and mean of the data.

Results
The novelty of this study is the attitude that is influenced by three indicators namely the normality of scientists, adoption of scientific attitudes and career interests in the field of physics. Attitudes related to coping with emotions that occur during the learning process take place, and they p lay an important ro le in shaping human behavior [3]. Scientist normality describes how students see scientists and position themselves as learners of science [3]. Adoption of scientific attitude measures students 'willingness and readiness to give scientific responses and students' openness to new informat ion [3]. Career interest in both the natural sciences and physics is one of the indicators of attitude. Students who are not interested in a career in physics are usually driven by negative attitude factors [27].

Scientists Normality
The scientist' s normality is one of a person' s behavior that resembles a scientist whose view that scientists are normal people, does not accuse scientists of being quiet and unable to socialize so that they are kept away fro m the lives of the surrounding commun ity. Fro m the indicator of student scientists normality towards physics at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari, we can see the results of the questionnaire that has been distributed, such as table 2. Answer : I don't know for sure, because as far as I know a scientist is like any other human.
Students who agree with it cannot place themselves like scientists with all kinds of lives and habits. The percentage in the not good category obtained fro m SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jamb i was caused by several factors, especially fro m the teaching teachers in the field of study. The teacher instilled the concept in students so that they did not assume that physics was a difficult lesson.
In contrast to SMAN 6 Batang Hari, most can imagine the daily life of scientists and assume that a scientist also has a normal life side like hu mans in general [28]. This shows that, students have the view that scientists are normal people, do not accuse scientists of being quiet and unable to socialize so that they are kept away fro m the lives of the surrounding community. Th is is confirmed by stud ents starting to think of scientists as realistic people, inventors and problem solvers, doing many things, unique, working as thinkers [29]. Scientific normality assesses how students see scientists and place themselves as a scientist or scientist learner.

Scientific Attitudes Adoption
Scientific attitudes adoption is one behavior in which a student places himself like a scientist and acts scientifically with all kinds of life and habits. As for the scientific attitudes adoption toward physics at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jamb i and SMA N 6 Batang Hari, look at the results of the questionnaire that has been distributed in table 3. In table 3 for the scientific attitudes student adoption at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari both have the most dominant percentage, namely good category with 62.4% and 64.1% respectively. In this case, students can put themselves in the same way as scientists and be scientific with all kinds of life and their habits in doing physics tasks in class. The attitude of students who like to ask after finding a solution shows that the curiosity of students is very great towards the investigation they are doing. This positive attitude can be owned by a scientist [3]; [30]; [31]. This can be seen at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari. The habit of students who are curious about new things will raise questions in the minds of students and make them find out about it [19]; [32]; [33]. Fro m a form of appreciation in scientific inquiry, students show that they begin to gather evidence, think creatively, actively, think crit ically, and co mmunicate a conclusion, because they face situations related to science [3]; [34].
The results of the questionnaire analysis in Table 3 with indicators of scientific attitudes student adoption at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi do minant showed good attitudes. The results of the interviews that have been conducted are the followings, Question: "Do you like to find out about something new and why?" Answer: "Yes, I like to find out new things that I have not asked for because they are fun and make me curious.

My mind became more open, my knowledge also increased with new information"
The results of the interviews at SMAN 6 Batanghari that have been conducted are the followings.
Question: "Do you like to find out about something new and why?" Answer: "What is certain is that I a m a human who to get new information to add to my insights into my life.

For example, I studied physics. However, the level of strength in remembering new things also varies. But in physics, something like a new symbol in physics only lasts when I'm in the process of teaching and learning in class. The next day will most likely forget the meaning of the symbol. The teacher who explained it also didn't make me fully understand. When I found out it was also difficult to understand. Because of that, I don't really like physics"
The results of interviews conducted at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batanghari, show that students get many critical and scientific opinions to get the informat ion they get. In addition there is also a high degree of cu riosity and students also want to be open and accept the opinions of others. Students who have a high scientific attitude will have curiosity and also a high desire to find and create new things, be open, facilitate in teams, and be responsible for assignments [30]. Students' habits about new things will raise many questions and critical attitude of students and make them find out for themselves about it. The attitude of science will encourage students 'willingness to ask questions in students' thinking and increase enthusiasm about finding answers to problems [34]. The attitude of science will encourage students to ask questions in students' thinking and increase enthusiasm about finding answers to questions [35]; [36].
Students have high curiosity and accept opinions fro m others. Students who have a high scientific attitude will also have a high desire to discover and create new things, be open, cooperate in teams, and be responsible for assignments [37]. Students' habits about new things will raise many questions and critical attitude of students and make them find out for themselves about it. The attitude of science will encourage students 'willingness to ask questions in students' thinking and increase enthusiasm about finding answers to problems [38].

A career Interest in Physics
A career interest in physics is a desire to continue studies in physics. The results of the questionnaire that have been disseminated and processed about career interest in physics at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari can be seen in table 4.
In table 4 a career interest in physics at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jamb i and SMAN 6 Batang also had the same do minant percentage, namely sufficient category with 68% and 66% respectively. Students who can appreciate the role of physics in daily life are only students who have performed well in high school physics, are talented in science, and are very good in mathematics [39]. The great impact of students' attitudes and behavior is influenced by interests . Therefore, interest plays an important role in student life [3]. Based on this, if students already have an attitude like a scientist and are scientific about learning physics, then students will then settle down and continue their careers in physics as well [3]; [40]; [41]. Because, if students want a career in physics must also pay attention to students' interest in the subject itself because interest is very influential on the achievement of a student' s career and personal life [42]; [43]. Do minant male students prefer the path of science as a career and scientific act ivity [44]. However, fro m the good category at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari, the percentage is quite far at 6.9%. In this case, most students in SMAN 6 Batang hari want to continue their studies in the field of physics compared with SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi.
The results of the questionnaire data analysis in The results of the interviews conducted at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batanghari, found that a career or continuing a career in physics is not a priority. Because students assume that when they have entered the world of physics, their lives will become complicated. Ho wever, students like to do experiments. Even if he chooses a career in physics, then he will choose to deal with laboratories in co mparison with education. Many in physics present abstract concepts, and sometimes these things hinder students' enjoyment of physics [45]. By conducting experiments, learn ing abstract of physics becomes easier for students to understand. So that many students who prefer experiment or practicu m to just studying physics material. Th is practicu m will create good teamwork and will increase student confidence in what he has been able to. Students' confidence in their ability to learn physics determines their involvement in continuing their career in physics [5]; [46].
Based on this, if students already have the attitude like a scientist and behave scientifically towards learning physics, next student will stay and continue his career in physics as well [33]; [47]; [48]. Students 'desires for physics greatly affect career achievement in students' personal lives [29]. However, students must also know their liking for the lesson itself because of the love for something that will determine itself in the future [41]; [49]. Because, the deeper he studies physics the desire for a career in physics will also increase. In this case, only a few students at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batanghari want to continue their studies in physics.

Result on Normality and Homogeneity Test
Based on the statistical analysis of two data, namely SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari regard ing the attitudes of students in physics , from table 5, the data on attitudes of physics students in both schools is normally distributed. Th is can be seen in the value of sig > 0.05, so it is said to be normally distributed.
Then the results of statistical analysis of student attitudes in physics show that the data is homogeneous. This is indicated by the value of sig> 0.05 in table 5. If the sig value is greater than 0.05, then the data is said to be homogeneous and a comparison test will be conducted to see whether there are differences in attitudes of s tudents at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari.

Result on T-Test
Fro m the results of the statistical analysis to see the comparison of the two high schools with the T-test, there is a difference between SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jamb i and SMAN 6 Batang Hari. Th is is shown in table 6, where is Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05. So that the attitudes of students in physics in these two schools are said to be different. The results of Test T obtained Sig (2-tailed) below 0.05 or equal to 0,000. It can be seen that there is a significant difference between students' attitudes in physics at Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jamb i and 6 Batang Hari High Schools. We know the difference fro m observations when distributing questionnaires about students' attitudes towards physics in both schools. Students who like physics will show a positive attitude towards physics, which is shown by never arriv ing late, always doing physics assignments on time and so on. A positive attitude will make students more positive in all activ ities [50]. Likewise, if students have a positive attitude towards their subjects they will do the same positive things and see their learning.
Another difference can be seen fro m the students' answers about attitude statements, where students do not mean to learn physics, because many students do not repeat physics lessons at home. This causes student physics learning outcomes to be low because of the factors of the students themselves. According to ref [51] said that although teachers and learning facilities are good, students do not show a serious attitude towards learn ing, and good results will still not be achieved. Student seriousness can be obtained from h imself, even though there are qualified teaching staff and facilities.
The positive attitude shown by students will affect the subjects they learn such as diligently doing assignments, adding insight by searching for the material that has been learned so that it will get the desired achievement, and vice versa in students who show negative attitudes towards a subject will have an impact on the lessons themselves like being lazy ,which will affect their future. If the teacher only uses one method that will allow students to show negative attitudes in the learning process, students will get non-optimal learning outcomes. Because the use of media or other facilit ies will help students reduce their dislike of Physics. Indiv idual learn ing at home is one of the optimal learn ing processes if done well and seriously in order to achieve satisfactory results.
Based on the results above, we can know that students who like physics will show a positive attitude towards physics, by contrast students who don't like physics will show a negative attitude towards physics. We can discuss SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jambi and SMAN 6 Batang Hari in different schools that show different attitudes in physics. So the physics teacher has demanded that students show a positive and active attitude when learning physics which in turn gets good learning outcomes.

Conclusions
Based on the results of the analysis obtained, the attitudes of students in each indicator at SMA Ferdy Ferry Putra Kota Jamb i and SMAN 6 Batang Hari have different categories, this is caused by many factors, especially fro m the teaching teachers in the field of study, how do teachers embed concepts to students so they do not have the notion that physics is a difficult lesson. In addition, students who have a scientific attitude towards learning physics are not necessarily interested in furthering a career in physics. Fro m the t wo data, it also appears that students are not too willing to pursue a career in physics like being a scientist, working in a laboratory, being a teacher or lecturer in physics, and so on. In addition, their assumption that at a higher level of education physics lessons are increasingly difficult and to achieve career goals in physics requires a reasonable amount of time.