Female Students' Motor Skills Development by Means of Kangoo Jumps

The aim of the study is to test the effectiveness of Kangoo Jumps experimentally for the development of female students’ motor skills. The main objectives of the study are: to study the interests and motivation of female students for physical education classes, as well as their attitude to Kangoo Jumps classes; to determine the informatively significant indicators of the development of motor skills of female students during Kangoo Jumps classes; and to develop the author's program for the development of female students’ motor skills by means of Kangoo Jumps and test its effectiveness. The research was conducted T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium" during 2019-2021. To solve the first objective of our research, we conducted a survey of and the 2nd year female students (n 286) according to the questionnaires us; to solve the second objective we investigated the level position, push-ups, lifting torso to the sitting position over 1 min, Cooper test, running 100 m, shuttle running 4x9 m., stabilographic test of basic exercise on Kangoo Jumps – “Fly”, tensodynamic test of the basic exercise on Kangoo Jumps – “Jumping Jack”. Significant improvement in the level of development of motor skills in the EG female students (p ≤ 0.05) was revealed, which testifies to the effectiveness of the author’s program for the development of female students’ motor skills by means of Kangoo Jumps. Lx, - - %. minimum Tensodynamic studies were conducted to research the quantitative indicators of the supporting interactions of the body of female students during their technical actions. The main biomechanical indicators of support reactions of female students were realized in the process of using the automated measuring and computing complex: Fz max – maximum repulsive force relative to the vertical axis; Fx max – maximum repulsive force relative to the vertical axis; Fy max – maximum repulsive force relative to the frontal axis; F max – maximum value of the components of the support reactions when performing technical actions (resultant force); F max / P – ratio of the maximum value of the force indicators of the support reactions to the body weight of the female student; GRAD – force gradient; I – impulse force; P – weight; H max – maximum height of the female student’s total centre body mass when pushing off the support. The female students undertook the muscular endurance test in the form of “Jumping Jack” vertical jump from a place (Fig. 2). The registration of indicators of technical actions took place after the complex of the equipment was preliminary connected to a network (30 min.). The main deviation of registration of measuring indicators made no more than ± 1.0 % from the maximum value.


Introduction
Physical education of student youths, in particular girls, requires increased efficiency at the present stage of formation of the national educational system. This is no tonly due to the task of improving the quality of education, but also the general deterioration of health and physical fitness of female students, insufficient humanistic and professional orientation of physical education, reduced motivation for physical exercise, increasing society's requirements for modern specialist training [1,2,3]. Sufficient level of female students' motor skills development, control over the quality of their health, the formation of their need for motor excellence and a healthy lifestyle are prerequisites for successful mastering of future professional activities. The problem of ensuring the optimal development of motor skills and their control is central within the system of physical education [4,5,6]. The scientists note that the traditional means, methods, forms and techniques of conducting physical education sessions do not fully solve the problem of purposeful preparation of female students for sports self-education and physical self-improvement [7,8,9].
Recently, modern fitness technologies and innovative methods have been introduced in order to achieve and maintain the optimal physical well-being of a person in accordance with his motivation and individual peculiarities [10,11,12]. Kangoo Jumps is one of the types of modern fitness technology that is gaining popularity among students. Kangoo Jumps is a system of various jumping, dancing and playing exercises performed to music. Kangoo Jumps is an original aerobic exercise program, which uses special shoes for elastic jumps, which look like rollers, but without wheels. The basic movements in this program are similar to those performed in traditional aerobics [13]. Kangoo Jumps is an effective means of health training, popular among students and has great potential for health promotion, development of motor skills and creativity of future professionals. KangooJumps sessions evoke positive emotions and a joyful feeling of weightlessness [13]. At this time, insufficient research has been conducted to study the impact of Kangoo Jumps training sessions on the development of motor skills of female students in higher educational institutions.

Literature Review
The works of many scientists [4,14,15,16] state that the students of Ukrainian higher educational institutions health and physical fitness level are unsatisfactory and characterized by the downtrend and the number of students who belong to the physical education group with reduced exercise load and the special medical group is changing from 35 % to 50 % at Ukrainian higher educational institutions. More than 75 % students do not meet the requirements of the physical education program in 2018-2019 [17]. In 2020, the situation worsened due to the pandemic [18]. The scientists [19,20,21] consider that a low health and physical fitness level of students is conditioned by a low level of physical development and health of school graduates, the lack of the students' interest and motives of traditional physical education classes; insufficient health-promoting and training orientation of the means of physical education; studying conditions in the modern higher educational institutions that are characterized by increased studying capacity, students' low-level activity and their lifestyle. The majority of the Ukrainian students of both genders (more than 80%) have below the middle and low level of health; more than 95% students are not within the safe zone [22,23,24]. It proves the lack of efficiency of the current system of physical education at a Ukrainian higher educational institution and requires new ways of its improvement.
The analysis of the work of many scientists [3, 7, 25, 26,] showed that the introduction of various kinds of modern fitness technologies to the educational process of physical education is one of the most effective ways to increase students' interest in exercise, enhance their physical fitness and strengthen their health. According to the research of the scientists [11,27], it is during training sessions of different types of fitness that a positive emotional background is created, and the level of motor training and interest in physical exercises increases. The scientists note that fitness technologies possess great potential for a healthy lifestyle. Training sessions with different types of fitness technologies effectively influence the correction of the overall appearance, contribute to the harmonization of physical development, and improve the functional state of the body's major systems and mental performance [12,17,28].
According to A. E. Carter plyometric exercises are distinguishing characteristics of Kangoo Jumps technology and they have a comprehensive beneficial effect on the human body [29]. He noted that jumping exercises provide an increased gravitational load, which strengthens the musculoskeletal system of the body, create a better ratio between the oxygen needed by tissues and oxygen entering the body; promote lymph circulation; reduce the level to which blood pressure rises during exercise; reduce the time during which blood pressure remains abnormally high after exercise; improve the work of the cardiovascular system; contribute to the increase in the number of capillaries in the muscles; make the heart and other muscles of the body stronger, which makes their work more efficient and improve the level of metabolism during rest, so that the body continues to burn calories for a long time after the exercise; increase the activity of nasal bone tissue in the production of red blood cells; improve the brain's response to signals from the vestibular apparatus [29,30]. Thus, based on the analysis of literature sources, we developed a hypothesis of our research, according to which it is assumed that the introduction of Kangoo Jumps training sessions in the educational process of physical education of female students of higher educational institutions will increase their interest and motivation to exercise and significantly improve development of their motor skills.

The Aim
The aim of the study is to experimentally test the effectiveness of Kangoo Jumps for the development of female students' motor skills.

1)
To study the interests and motivation of female students for physical education classes, as well as their attitude to Kangoo Jumps classes. 2) To determine the informatively significant indicators of the development of motor skills of female students during Kangoo Jumps classes. 3) To develop the author's program for the development of female students' motor skills by means of Kangoo Jumps and test its effectiveness.
To solve the first objective of our research, we conducted a survey of 1st and 2nd year female students (n = 286) according to the questionnaires developed by us; to solve the second objective we investigated the level of development of motor skills of 2nd year female students of the Faculty of Physical Education (Pilot Study Group (PSG), n = 32), who attended the university section of Kangoo Jumps. The author's program of training sessions with Kangoo Jumps for female students of other faculties of the university was developed based on the research. We organized the pedagogical experiment in order to test the effectiveness of the author's program which involved 1st year female students who were engaged in the author's program during their physical education sessions (experimental group (EG), n = 30). The duration of the experiment is 6 months.

Instruments
The following methods, validity, objectivity and informativeness, which are confirmed by many studies in the field of pedagogy and physical education, were used to solve the tasks: analysis and generalization of literature sources, questionnaires, motor skills testing; computer stabilography, tensodynamography; pedagogical experiment, methods of statistical data processing (Table 1).

Methods
The content of the methods

Analysis and generalization of literature sources
The analysis and generalization of literature sources were conducted in order to find and systematize the data of modern pedagogical theory on the peculiarities of age morpho-functional and motor development of female students, current trends in the content of organization and planning of physical education in higher educational institutions, determining the importance and features of the development of motor skills of female students of higher educational institutions. The study of scientific sources (we have processed 45 sources from the scientific databases of Scopus, Web of Science and others) made it possible to specify the relevance of the development of motor skills of female students, identify unresolved and problematic issues, determine scientific tasks for our own research.

Questionnaires
We administered survey of the 1st and the 2nd year female students of all specialties of T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium". Two questionnaires were developed for this purpose, which included 5 questions, the answers to which allowed determining the motives and needs of female students for physical education sessions in modern conditions, to obtain information about the interests of female students in physical exercises, the things that encourage them to engage in motor activities and whether they perform physical exercises on their own, etc. After all, the motivation of female students is an important component in the process of organizing physical education sessions, because the motive is a stimulus to a certain activity, action, deed. It reflects their inner desires and interests in the training sessions, their active and meaningful attitude to learning. The questionnaires were assessed by the experts in this field (6 professors and 9 associate professors) and were approved by the Academic Council of T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium (Protocol No. 12 dated 25.08.2019). Consent to voluntary participation in the survey was obtained from all the students involved in the study. Author's questionnaires are presented in Appendix 1.

Motor skills testing
In the study of motor skills of female students, we took into account the fact that it is important to develop all motor skills for the comprehensive physical development of female students of any specialty, such as: flexibility, strength, strength endurance, endurance, speed, agility, coordination skills, dynamic strength. The assessment of the development of female students' motor skills was carried out on the indicators: torso leaning forward from sitting position (flexibility), push-ups (strength), lifting torso to the sitting position over 1 min (strength endurance), Cooper's test (running over 12 minutes) (endurance), running 100 m (speed), shuttle running 4x9 m (agility), stabilographic test of basic exercise on Kangoo Jumps -"Fly" (static balance performance), tensodynamic test of basic exercise on Kangoo Jumps -"Jumping Jack" (dynamic strength). The testing of the level of motor skills development was conducted twice i. e. at the beginning and at the end of the pedagogical experiment. The content of the tests and the procedure for their implementation are presented in Table 2.

Computer stabilography
Computer stabilography was used in order to assess the development of coordination skills. Work on testing the level of development of coordination skills includes evaluation of the motion control system using a biomechanical stand on the basis of instrumental techniques i. e. "Stabilan -01" computer stabilizer with biological feedback, which allows you to quickly analyse the displacement of the total centre of body mass (TCBM) in frontal and sagittal planes. The object of the research was the analysis of stabilography parameters, which are associated with displacements of the total centre of body mass of the subjects of interest in static postures in two mutually perpendicular planes. The stabilogram was registered three times and the indicators for each female subject of interest were averaged. The stabilographic test included a basic exercise with Kangoo Jumps -"Fly". Balance is maintained on one leg, while the other one is moved aside with the arms to shoulder level sideways (Fig. 1). The most informative indicators were identified: -MO (x), mmaverage frontal displacement. -MO (y), mmaverage sagittal displacement; -Q (x), mmfrontal scattering. An increase in this indicator shows a decrease in the stability of the female student in the corresponding plane; -Q (y), mmsagittal scattering; -MAmovement assessment. The ratio of the statokinesiogram to the mean scatter, relative to the duration of the test. Its increase indicates a deterioration in stability, and a decrease indicates an improvement; -Lx, mmfrontal length of the trajectory of the TCBM; -Ly, mmsagittal length of the trajectory of the TCBM; -The quality of the balance function (QBF), %. The QBF indicator estimates the minimum speed of the TCBM.

Tensodynamography
Tensodynamic studies were conducted to research the quantitative indicators of the supporting interactions of the body of female students during their technical actions. The main biomechanical indicators of support reactions of female students were realized in the process of using the automated measuring and computing complex: Fz max maximum repulsive force relative to the vertical axis; Fx maxmaximum repulsive force relative to the vertical axis; Fy maxmaximum repulsive force relative to the frontal axis; F maxmaximum value of the components of the support reactions when performing technical actions (resultant force); F max / Pratio of the maximum value of the force indicators of the support reactions to the body weight of the female student; GRAD force gradient; Iimpulse force; Pweight; H max -maximum height of the female student's total centre body mass when pushing off the support. The female students undertook the muscular endurance test in the form of "Jumping Jack" vertical jump from a place (Fig. 2). The registration of indicators of technical actions took place after the complex of the equipment was preliminary connected to a network (30 min.). The main deviation of registration of measuring indicators made no more than ± 1.0 % from the maximum value.

Pedagogical experiment
The pedagogical experiment was carried out for the purpose of substantiation, introduction and check of efficiency of the author's program of female students' motor skills development by means of Kangoo Jumps. The pedagogical experiment was open. The female students were informed about its aim and tasks, which significantly increased their motivation to study Kangoo Jumps.

Methods of statistical data processing
Methods of statistical data processing were used to process the experimental results of the research in order to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse them and validate the conclusions. The data of the study were summarized as numbers, percentages, averages, and standard deviations. To determine the informatively significant indicators of the development of motor skills of female students during Kangoo Jumps classes we used multiple rank correlation. Paired samples t test analysis was used. The following parameters were determined: Meanarithmetical mean, SDstandard deviation; rcorrelation coefficient. The significance of the difference between the studied indicators was assessed by the Student's t-test for related samples at 1 % and 5 % significance levels. All statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software, version 21, adapted to medical and biological researches. Preparatory position: sitting on the floor, legs straight in the knees, parallel feet at the width of 15-20 cm, hands on the floor between the knees, palms down. A female student in a sports uniform, which allows you to determine the straightening of the legs in the knees. She performs two preparatory elastic leanings by the command "Go!". At the third attempt the female student leans forward as much as possible, which is delayed with fingers or palms of both hands on a marking line, without bending legs in the knees, and keeps touch for 2 seconds. The best value of 2 attempts was determined.

Strength
Push-ups (times) Preparatory position: front support position, arms straightened at shoulder width with hands forward, torso and legs form a straight line, toes rest on the floor. By the command "Go!" the female student begins rhythmically bending and unbending her arms with full amplitude. She has to touch the support with the chest when bending the arms. It is not allowed to touch the support with the thighs, bend the body and legs, be in the preparatory position and with the arms bent for more than three seconds, lie on the floor, extend the arms alternately, bend and unbend the arms not with full amplitude. Bending and unbending the arms performed with errors are not counted.

Strength endurance
Lifting torso to the sitting position over 1 min (times) Preparatory position: lying on the back on a gymnastic mat, hands behind the head, fingers in the "lock" position, shoulder-blades touching the mat, legs bent in the knees at right angles, feet pressed by the partner to the floor. The female student performs the maximum number of torso lifts over 1 minute, touching the knees with the elbows, followed by returning to the preparatory position. The number of correctly performed torso lifts is counted.

Endurance
Cooper's test (running over 12 minutes) (m) The female student begins to move on a flat cinder track of the stadium upon the "Start!" command. At the end of the time, the distance that the female students managed to cover is measured.

Speed
Running 100 m (s) The female student gets to the starting line upon the "Ready!" command, puts the push leg with the toe to the line, without crossing it, puts the other leg back, resting the toe on the ground. The opposite shoulder and arm to the protruding forward leg, are set forward, and the other arm is set back. The female student bends both legs so that the weight of the body is distributed in the direction in front of the standing leg upon the "Set!" command. She bends the arms at the elbows and the one opposite to the put forward leg is set forward. The female student pushes off with the help of the front standing leg upon the "Go!" command. The swing-up leg is actively brought forward from the thigh, the arms work crosswise, she runs forward, covers the entire distance and crosses the finish line. The result is determined by the time of overcoming the distance.

Agility
Shuttle running 4x9 m (s) Preparatory position: supporting leg is in front, the push leg is behind. The body is tilted forward, arms bent at the elbows. The female student runs 4 9 m long segments upon the "Go!" command. The result is determined by the time of overcoming the distance.

Static balance performance
Stabilographic test of basic exercise on Kangoo Jumps -"Fly" Preparatory position: standing on one leg, the other set aside at 45°, the torso is straight, and arms are set to the sides. Balance retention time was recorded. The best value of 3 attempts was determined.

Dynamic strength
Tensodynamic test of basic exercise on Kangoo Jumps -"Jumping Jack" Preparatory position: narrow stance, knees are slightly bent. Feet are parallel. Back is straight. Centre of gravity is in the middle. A jump is performed on the inhale pushing off from the platform and spreading the legs to the sides, slightly wider than the shoulders. Raise your arms to the sides, slightly bent at the elbows simultaneously with the jump. Land in a wide stance and exhale. The knees remain slightly bent upon landing. The arms are kept aside. Abdominal muscles are tense, the back is straight. The jump should be soft and springy. The best value of 3 attempts is determined.

Procedure
The research was carried out in four stages. The scientific and methodological literature of national and foreign authors was analysed and studied during the first stage (September-December 2019), due to which we highlighted the current state, relevance and ways to solve the problem. It also included the definition of the aim of the study, the objectives and the program of the research.
The second stage (January-December 2020) provided for the conduct of the research, which included: survey of female students in order to study their interests and motivation to physical education and to the exercise and their attitude to the introduction of Kangoo Jumps to physical education; the study of the level of development of motor skills of the 2nd year female students of the Faculty of Physical Education in order to determine the informatively significant indicators of the development of motor skills of female students during Kangoo Jumps classes. Based on the conducted research the author's program for the development of motor skills of female students by means of Kangoo Jumps was developed and implemented.
The third stage (February -June 2021) was devoted to the pedagogical experiment in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed program for the development of motor skills of female students by Kangoo Jumps, during which the author's program was introduced into the educational process of female students' physical education.
The fourth stage (July -August 2021) was devoted to the analysis and generalization of the results of the experiment, and the formation of conclusions.
The female students studied Kangoo Jumps twice a week according to the developed author's program of motor skills development. The training sessions lasts 80 minutes.
The initial part (5-10 minutes) of training sessions, which included the organization of students and concentration, focus on emotional and psychological state. The tasks of functional preparation of an organism for the future work in the basic part of the training were solved. This is achieved through special exercises to coordinate movements and music, various steps, walking, general developmental exercises and other exercises that meet the objectives of this part of the training session.
The main part (30-40 minutes) solves the tasks of general and special orientation by means of Kangoo Jumps, develops special and corrective exercises, provides improvement of the technique and style of their performance, practices the coherence of movements with music. The main part of the training session also included acquaintance and practice of set exercises with Kangoo Jumps, performance of a series of dance exercises, application of the exercises aimed at developing motor skills, game exercises, relay races. The main part also provided for cardio-strength training and set exercises aimed at developing flexibility. The structure of the main part changed depending on the recurrence of exercises, their alternation in different starting positions (standing, sitting, in free support, lying), focus (on the development of endurance, strength, speed, agility, coordination, flexibility) and isolated effects on muscles (muscles of the abdomen, back, buttocks, etc.).
The final part lasted 3-5 minutes. It solved the problem of restoring people's strength after exercise. It included the exercises to relax the muscles, both individual parts of the body and the whole body in a standing, sitting, lying posture.

Limitation of the Study
The main limitation of the study is the lack of control of extra-curricular physical activities of the experimental group during the 6 months intervention period.

Ethical Approval
This research complies with the ethical standards of the Act of Ukraine "On Higher Education" No. 1556-VII of July 01, 2014 and the Letter from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine "On the Academic Plagiarism Prevention" No. 1/11-8681 of August 15, 2018. Also, this research followed the regulations of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinkiethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Informed consent was received from all individuals who took part in this research.

Interests and Motivation of Female Students for Physical Education Classes
The following data were obtained as a result of processing the answers. 45.10 % of the female students do not like traditional physical education training sessions at the university. As a result, a large percentage of female students miss physical education training sessions: 30.07% of the female students missed 3-4 training sessions, 19.93% -5-10 training sessions, 19.93% -1-2 training sessions. The main reason for skipping training sessions was the lack of desire and interest of female students (59.79%). According to 51.05% of the female students, group training sessions on types of physical activities depending on the interests and desires of female students are the most effective ones. Among the proposed types of physical activities (taking into account the sports facilities and coaches-instructors in the Department of Physical Education of the University), 69.58 % of the female students chose modern fitness technologies (aerobics, Kangoo Jumps, Pilates, stretching, gym, fit-ball aerobics, step aerobics). At the same time, 29.72 % of the female students chose Kangoo Jumps (Table 3).

Informatively Significant Indicators of the Development of Motor Skills of Female Students during Kangoo Jumps Classes
We determined the informatively significant indicators of the development of motor skills of female students during Kangoo Jumps classes in order to qualitatively build the author's program for the development of motor  (Table 4).
We determined the top eight informative indicators after analysing the results of the basic exercise performance on Kangoo Jumps such as "Jumping Jack" on the strain gauge platform by PSG female students. The first place is occupied by Fz max indicator (maximum repulsive force relative to the vertical axis) -14.84 %, the second place is taken by H max indicator (maximum height of the female student's total centre body mass when pushing off the support) -14.67 %, the third place is occupied by P indicator (weight) 14.64 %, the fourth place in terms of informativeness is taken by I indicator (impulse force) -14.39 %, the fifth placeby Fy max (maximum repulsive force relative to the frontal axis) -13.00 %, the sixthby GRAD indicator (force gradient) -11.55 %, the seventhby F max / P indicator (ratio of the maximum value of the force indicators of the support reactions to the body weight of the female student) -9.12 %, the eighthby F max indicator (maximum value of the components of the support reactions when performing technical actions (resultant force)) -7.78 % ( Table 5).
Eight informatively significant biomechanical indicators of coordination qualities of the PSG female students were defined as a result of the analysis of indicators of "Fly" muscular endurance test performance on the force plate. The most significant value is characteristic of Q (x) indicator (frontal scattering) -15.5 %, the second place in terms of significance is MO (x) indicator (average frontal displacement) -14.31 %, the third place is occupied by MO (y) indicator (average sagittal displacement) -12.74 %, the fourth place -QBF indicator (the quality of the balance function) -12.71 %, the fifth place -Lx indicator (frontal length of the trajectory of the TCBM) -11.51 %, the sixth place -Q (y) indicator (sagittal scattering) -11.36 %, then less significant indicators follow -Ly indicator (sagittal length of the TCBM trajectory) -11.33 % and MA indicator (movement assessment) is the last, according to the significance -10.99 % ( Table 6). Based on the data obtained we developed the author's program for female students' motor skills development by means of Kangoo Jumps.

Author's Program for the Development of Female Students' Motor Skills by means of Kangoo Jumps
The construction of the author's program for female students' motor skills development by means of Kangoo Jumps is based on the results of the analysis of long-term research of the scientists on this problem. We also take into account the priorities and interests of female students for modern physical education sessions and forms of their conduct.
Information about the peculiarities of morpho-functional and motor development of student age girls is of particular importance for the construction of the program and the selection of optimal load and exercise.
The mobility of regulatory mechanisms, which is characteristic of the student age, allows building the educational process on the basis of clearly defined patterns of heterochronous development of functional systems.
The availability of information about the peculiarities of female students' state of preparedness, the development of their motor skills is one of the main conditions that ensures the effectiveness and scientific validity of the implementation of the author's program for the development of motor skills by Kangoo Jumps into physical education of female students.
The author's program includes developed set exercises on Kangoo Jumps in the following areas (Table 7). "Accurate" relay race. "Basketball" relay race. "Who is faster" Relay race. "Knocked out" game.
"Accurate" relay race -overcoming the obstacle course from: coordination ladder, hoops and cones, jumping on one and two legs, you have to hit the target with a tennis ball. "Basketball" relay race -passing a basketball in pairs, moving sideways and throwing the ball into the basketball hoop. "Who is faster" Relay race -to run in Indian file through the cones and to return back in Indian file. "Knocked out" gamedynamic game with fit-ball, two "knockers" are chosen who try to hit the players with the ball. The method of training -game and competitive. Set exercises of "Kangoо Power" consist of basic movements "Jumping Jack", "Kneelift", "Curl", "Pendulum", "Fly", "Jog", which are studied separately and combined into a dance combination with very simple movements and without complicated choreography. "Kangoо Power" set exercises are aimed at developing endurance and coordination, and are performed intensively with the use of interval method. Set exercises of "Kangoo Dance" include basic exercises from the "Kango Power" program and simple dance movements in aerobics. They are combined in a musical progression in the format of 32-64 counts. The exercises are repeated at different levels of intensity and then combined into a choreographic combination. Each new learned movement is added to the previous one. Kangoo "Boot Camp" utilizes strength exercises with and without objects, which are performed by the method of circuit training, without pauses. Training sessions are mostly held outdoors. "Kangoo Discovery" is aimed at developing coordination and speed. Training sessions are held in a fun game form, which includes relay races, games, and competitions. Set exercises of "Kangoo Stretching" used basic stretching exercises performed in Kangoo Jumps shoes. Breathing and relaxation exercises were also used, each training session giving 12 minutes to develop flexibility. The plan of the author's program for the development of female students' motor skills by means of Kangoo Jumps are presented in Appendix 2.
Significant changes in the level of manifestation of motor skills on a number of indicators (p < 0.05) were revealed as a result of the special Kangoo Jumps set exercises inclusion in the educational process of physical education of female students in order to develop their motor skills. Thus, the flexibility indicator has improved for 5.  (Table 9).  Table 9. Stability parameters (Mean ± SD) of the stabilographic analysis of the "Fly" exercise before and after the 6-month intervention period of the authors' Kangoo Jump exercise program  The biomechanical characteristics of the dynamics of the manifestation of female students' strength during the basic movement with Kangoo Jumps of "Jumping Jack" were determined using tensodynametry.

Unit of measurement
The following changes in the indicators were obtained:  Table 10).
The study of the dynamics of motor skills of female students provided objective information about the effectiveness of the program for the development of motor skills of female students using Kangoo Jumps.
A significant increase in motor skills indicators by means of Kangoo Jumps was revealed in the female students after the experiment. This indicates the effectiveness of the implementation of the developed author's program.

Discussion
Theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature [31,32,33] gives grounds to assert that the modern system of physical education does not sufficiently meet the needs and motives of female students in motor activities. There is a large percentage of absences from physical education classes due to the decrease in interest and motivation of female students in traditional physical education training sessions. As a result, physical fitness of female students is low. The findings of many scientists were confirmed by the results of our research, where the survey of female students revealed their low level of motivation for traditional physical education training sessions: 45.10 % of the female students do not like traditional physical education training sessions at all, and 32.87 % of the female students said that they do not really like it. Almost 20% of the female students missed more than a third of physical education training sessions during the semester, indicating a lack of interest in traditional physical education training sessions as the main reason for their absences; more than 30 % of the female students attend physical education training sessions just to make the grade. The number of female students who are partially dissatisfied and completely dissatisfied with their level of physical fitness was over 65 %. At the same time, more than 50 % of the female students prefer group training sessions on types of motor activities depending on their interests and desires, where the largest number of female students (almost 70 %) showed a desire to engage in modern fitness technologies.
Numerous scientific studies have shown that motor activities significantly contribute to a healthy lifestyle, and in some cases reduce the negative impact of bad habits on the human body, but increase stress resistance and distract from antisocial behaviour [17,34]. According to the World Health Organization, lack of proper motor activities results in economic losses of 150 to 300 Euros per person per year [35].
According to the scientists [12,14], the level of development of motor skills in the period from 17 to 22 years reaches its maximum in comparison with previous age periods. Student age is the final stage in the development of physiological, mental and functional capabilities of the body, characterized by the final formation of the musculoskeletal system, sensory and motor coordination, autonomic functions of the body, high efficiency. This determines the relevance of the introduction of fitness technologies in the educational process of physical education of female students of higher educational institutions.
The analysis of the state of health activities shows that going in for various types of modern fitness technologies is one of the most popular types of physical education due to their availability, emotionality and efficiency [36]. It is during such training sessions that a positive emotional background is created, the level of motor readiness and interest in physical exercises is increased, skills of organizing a healthy lifestyle are formed [37]. Engagement in the types of modern fitness technologies effectively influence the correction of the general appearance, contribute to the harmonization of motor development, and improve the functional status of the basic systems of the body and mental performance [9,38].
Kangoo Jumps, as a type of modern fitness technology, appeared in 1994. It was the Canadian orthopedist G. Legkhtman who invented unusual spring shoes for the use by his patients as a means of rehabilitating people with back or knee problems. Kangoo Jumps neutralize shock actions on a hard surface, thereby protecting the spine, as well as the knee and ankle joints by 80%. After the presentation of the invention at the exhibition of sporting goods in Paris, the shoes were patented by the Swiss D. Neville [13].
Kangoo Jumps began to be used in physical education from that moment. Scientist, researcher and inventor A. E. Carter was one of the first to study the beneficial effects of jumping exercises on the human body. As a result, A. E. Carter introduced the concept of reboundology (the science of jumping exercises) and conducted many studies over extended periods on the beneficial effects of jumping [29]. The scientist notes that when jumping, people feel that they can work longer, sleep harder; they are less worried and tense. Moreover, the effect is not only psychological, because jumping up and down, which overcomes the force of gravity and does not harm the joints is one of the most effective exercises. According to A. E. Carter, jumping could be done simply on the ground, but the use of a mini-trampoline would be ideal [29]. Trampolines were used so that everyone who was contraindicated in increased loads on the joints could still practice (and jumping on the trampoline just reduced the load on the cardiovascular system and joints). But technology is not standing still, and the trampoline has been replaced by fashionable and bright Kangoo Jumps. According to the scientists, the basic movements in Kangoo Jumps are similar to those performed in traditional aerobics, but are more interesting for female students. [13,30].
According to the results of our research, it is established that basic motor skills (strength, speed, endurance, coordination: flexibility, agility, balance, ability to orient in space) are developed with the help of Kangoo Jumps training sessions. According to the results of the study on the level of development of motor skills during Kangoo Jumps training sessions for PSG students, we determined the informatively significant indicators of the development of motor skills of female students during Kangoo Jumps classes. Based on conducted researchers we developed the author's program for the development of female students' motor skills by means of Kangoo Jumps and tested its effectiveness. We found that the introduction of Kangoo Jumps fitness programs in the educational process of physical education arouse the female students' interest and motivation for exercise, resulting in their increased motor activities. The results of our research confirm the findings of many scientists [39,40,41,42,43,44,45] and expand them.

Conclusions
1) The students' interests and motivations for physical education training sessions, as well as their attitude to Kangoo Jumps training sessions were ascertained. It was found that 45.10 % of the female students do not like traditional physical education training sessions at the university; more than 30 % of the female students miss physical education training sessions, indicating a lack of desire and interest Prospects for further research are aimed at studying the level of functional status and health of female students in the process of application of modern fitness technologies, including training sessions with Kangoo Jumps.

Disclosure Statement
No author has any financial interest or received any financial benefit from this research.

Conflict of Interest
The authors state no conflict of interest.

Appendix 1 Author's questionnaires designed to study the interests and motivation of female students to physical education training sessions, as well as their attitude to Kangoo Jumps training sessions
Dear female students!
The Department of Physical Education, T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium" appeals to you to answer the questions without missing any of them. The faithfulness of your answers will determine the correctness of our conclusions, which will provide an opportunity to develop practical recommendations for improving the educational process of physical education at our university.
The questionnaire is anonymous, your answers will be used only in a generalized form for scientific purposes only. We hope for your help, sincerely grateful in advance.

Questionnaire No 1
to study the motivation of female students to exercise and sports

Do you exercise on your own?
--no; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

How many hours a week do you exercise and play sports (given that 4 hours are planned in the educational process of physical education)?
--1--4 hours, as it is planned; -4 hours, as it is planned and additionally during my personal time; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

What purpose do you do physical exercises and sports for?
-increasing physical fitness and health; -improving learning outcomes; -improving appearance (weight loss), well-being, mood; -passing the control standards and making the grade; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

State the reasons why you miss physical education training sessions.
 lack of desire and interest; ---negatively; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

Are you satisfied with your level of physical fitness?
---no; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

Do you like traditional physical education training sessions?
---no; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

In your opinion, which physical education training sessions are appropriate?
-group training sessions of general physical training; -group training sessions of professional and applied physical training; -group training sessions on types of physical activities depending on the interests and desires of students; specify your own answer ________________________________________________________.

What types of physical activities would you like to do during physical education training sessions? (the list of sports is given taking into account the sports base and coaches-instructors in the Department of Physical Education of T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Collegium")
-modern fitness technologies (aerobics, Kangoo Jumps, Pilates, stretching, gym, fit-ball aerobics, step aerobics), ---swimming.

5а). What types of fitness technologies would you like to do during physical education training sessions?
------fit -step aerobics.