Effectiveness of Using Chicken Manure and Organic Liquid Fertilizer in Ciplukan Plant Cultivation (Physalis angulata L.)

The ciplukan plant is a herbal medicinal plant for improving digestion, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, orchitis, ulcers, ulcers, cancer, tumours, leukaemia, and diabetes. Optimal cultivation of ciplukan plants is needed to see the benefits obtained for health. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using chicken manure and Organic Liquid Fertilizer (OLF) to cultivate ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plants. This study is a completely randomized factorial experimental study (CRD) with two factors and three replications. The treatment factor consisted of two factors: the use of chicken manure and OLF with three replications. Parameters in the study included plant height, number of leaves, wet bottom stover, the weight of dry bottom stover, number of fruits, and fruit weight. ANOVA analysis was carried out to determine the effect of chicken manure and OLF and continued with the 5% DMRT test on significantly different results. The results showed that chicken manure and OLF had a very significant effect on all observation parameters. The best growth in the A2C2 treatment was plant height 74.67 cm. The best crop yields were in the A2C2 treatment with an average number of 37 fruits and average fruit weight of 780 grams per plant.


Introduction
Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) is a plant that is widely found in tropical and subtropical areas. Ciplukan is one of the Indonesian plants proven to have anti-cancer activity [1]. In Indonesia, this plant is still few who use it and cultivate it. This plant, in Java, usually grows wild in gardens, dry fields, roadsides, and forests. Usually, these plants are traded as ingredients for traditional medicine in the form of a single herb or simplicia. Ciplukan has uses in traditional medicine and the potential for the growth of small fruits [2]. All parts of the ciplukan plant, such as leaves, fruit, stems, and roots, are used for herbal drinks [3], [4]. Natural plant products are becoming important in helping promote health around the world [5]. Education about organic food is essential for the community to maintain health [6]. Knowledge of food safety has an essential role in guiding health practice [7]. Ciplukan plants are still mostly taken from plants that grow wild and are not cultivated intensively. The introduction of herbal plants is needed to increase public understanding to create general health [8]. Plants are a source of obtaining materials to overcome various human health problems [9]. Herbal plants need to be developed for commercial and economic purposes [10]. Business sustainability will affect several factors of facilities, capabilities, and production obtained so that it affects the economy of farmers [11].
Ciplukan plants have properties that are used to treat various diseases and have been proven empirically and medically. Even in countries such as Brazil, India, Japan, America, Colombia, Peru, Taiwan, Trinidad, Suriname, Elsalvador, conducting medical research for the efficacy of this plant and proven ciplukan plant can treat various diseases. Ciplukan is eaten because of its high nutritional content, and various parts of the plant are also used for medicinal purposes [12]. Despite its many benefits, many people still lack information about this plant and its use for health. Healthy food can affect the health of the family at home [13]. Ciplukan is one type of plants that local Indonesian people have long used as medicine [14], [15]. Many people do not know the benefits of the ciplukan plant, so it is often removed because it is considered a nuisance plant when it grows in the yard, rice field, or garden. This plant is often removed and eradicated using chemicals so that it is currently rarely found growing in gardens, rice fields, or yards. Parts of ciplukan such as leaves, have various pharmacological activities, and the fruit can be used as human food [16]. However, the efficacy of this plant is very much good from the roots, leaves, and fruit itself. The root of the ciplukan plant is generally used as an anthelmintic and fever reducer. The leaves heal broken bones, water swelling, boils, ulcers, heart-strengthening, sprains, abdominal pain, and gonorrhea. Ciplukan leaves are widely used for wound treatment [17]. Ciplukan fruit is often eaten to treat epilepsy, inability to urinate, diabetes, and jaundice [18].
Plant growth is influenced by two factors, namely internal factors, and external factors. Internal factors come from the plant itself, while external factors come from outside the plant, fertilization. Fertilization serves to improve soil quality so that plant productivity can increase. Therefore, the addition of nutrients to ciplukan will support greater production [19].
Manure is an organic fertilizer from the fermentation of solid or liquid manure (urine), generally from mammals or poultry. Organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, have advantages in improving soil physical properties such as soil permeability, soil porosity, soil structure, and soil cations. In addition, manure also plays a role in increasing the absorption and holding capacity of the soil to water so that the availability of water needed by plants is fulfilled [20]. The nutrient content in chicken manure is 1.7% N, 1.90% P205, and 1.50% K 2 O.
Another factor that affects plant growth is Organic Liquid Fertilizer (OLF). The plants themselves easily absorb OLF in their application to plants. Organic Liquid Fertilizer is usually made from waste materials, such as vegetables, tofu, fish, etc. Nutrient content of OLF from banana peels and eggshells: Nitrogen (N) 0.89%; Phosphorus (P) 0.04% and Potassium (K) 1.82%. The content of OLF from molasses is 60 ml and fermented for seven days. Nitrogen (N) is 0.339%, Phosphorus (P) is 0.067% and Potassium (K) is 0.127%.
Rural communities rely heavily on herbal resources to cure diseases [21]. The community needs to preserve local medicinal plants for future generations to support health [22]. The importance of ciplukan plants for herbal medicinal needs must be cultivated organically. So this study aims to determine the effect of using manure and OLF to grow ciplukan plants. The use of organic fertilizers is expected to influence production and health benefits.

Research methods
This research is an entirely randomized factorial experimental study (CRD) with two factors and three replications. The study was carried out in Dukuh Kantil, Teras Village, Teras Subdistrict, Boyolali Regency with an altitude of 220 m above sea level. Research materials include ciplukan plant seeds, chicken manure, and OLF. The tools used include Seedling tub, 20 cm x 40 cm polybag, measuring cup, digital scale, bucket and stirrer, cheers, stationery (book, ballpoint pen, ruler) nameplate/label.
The treatment factor consisted of two factors and three replications. Description of the treatment of the two factors and three replications in the study as follows: A 0 C 0 : chicken manure 0 ton/ha and OLF 0 cc. A 0 C 1 : chicken manure 0 ton/ha and OLF 10 cc. A 0 C 2 : chicken manure 0 ton/ha and OLF 15 cc. A 1 C 0 : chicken manure 10 ton/ha and OLF 0 cc. A 1 C 1 : chicken manure 10 ton/ha and OLF 10 cc. A 1 C 2 : chicken manure 10 ton/ha and OLF 15 cc. A 2 C 0 : chicken manure 20 ton/ha and OLF 0 cc. A 2 C 1 : chicken manure 20 ton/ha and OLF 10 cc. A 2 C 2 : chicken manure 20 ton/ha and OLF 15 cc.
Parameters observed in the study were plant height, number of leaves, wet stover, the weight of dry stover, number of fruit, and fruit weight. This study used an experimental method, with the basic pattern of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) followed by a 5% DMRT test with significantly different results. In Figure 2, the highest ciplukan plant height was (74.67 cm), obtained from the combination of A 2 C 2 treatments (manure dose 20 tons/ha and POC 15 cc). Conversely, the lowest ciplukan plant height was (55.33 cm), obtained in the combination treatment A 0 C 0 .  In Figure 3, the highest ciplukan wet plant weight, namely (198.33 grams), was obtained in the A 2 C 2 treatment combination. On the other hand, the lowest wet weight of the ciplukan plant was (36.00 grams), obtained in the combination of A 0 C 0 treatment. In Figure 4, the highest dry plant weight of ciplukan (95.33 grams) was obtained in the A 2 C 2 treatment combination. Conversely, the lowest dry weight of the ciplukan plant (17.33 grams) was obtained in the combination of A 0 C 0 treatment. In Figure 5, the highest number of ciplukan fruit (37 pieces) was obtained in the A 2 C 2 treatment combination. On the other hand, the lowest ciplukan fruit (4 pieces) was obtained in the A 0 C 0 treatment combination. In Figure 6, the highest ciplukan fruit weight (730 grams) was obtained in the A 2 C 2 treatment combination. Conversely, the lowest ciplukan fruit weight (63.33 grams) was obtained in the A 0 C 0 treatment combination.

Test DMRT
The results of the further CRD test showed significantly different values, then proceeded to the DMRT test. The results of the 5% DMRT test in the study can be seen in table 1. The treatment using doses of chicken manure had a very significant effect on all observation parameters. The purpose of treatment using chicken manure is to overcome nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) which are micronutrients that play an essential role in plant growth and production. Chicken manure organic fertilizer has a high nitrogen content [23]. The availability of N, P, and K in the soil is the most limiting factor in obtaining maximum cultivated plants' growth and yield. Organic fertilizers provide sufficient nutrients and improve the soil environment [24]- [26]. The use of OLF has a very significant effect on all observation parameters. The purpose of treatment using OLF is to balance essential nutrients needed by plants for plant production. Organic Liquid fertilizer has a positive impact on plant growth [27], [28]. In this study, it is hoped that OLF concentration can be obtained, increasing optimal plant productivity. The sensitivity level of OLF can affect the permeability of leaf cells and determine how much or how plants can absorb little nutrients so that OLF impacts whether or not optimal plant growth. Each treatment has different effects to improve organic matter and its physical properties [29].
The treatment of using chicken manure and OLF had a very significant effect on all observation parameters. The combination of treatments (OLF and manure) supported the vegetative and generative growth of ciplukan plants.
Chicken manure applied through soil media can help meet the availability of soil nutrients and help improve soil structure so that it can be a good growing medium for plants. Nutrient content in livestock manure that is important for plants includes elements of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Plants most need these three elements. Each of these nutrients has a different and complementary function for plants. Thus growth becomes optimal. Organic Liquid Fertilizer applied through the soil can directly meet the nutrient needs of plants to be used in the photosynthesis process.

Conclusions
The application of chicken manure had a significant effect on the six research parameters. Organic Liquid Fertilizer administration has a significant effect on the six research parameters. The application of a combination of chicken manure and OLF significantly affected the six research parameters. The existence of organic fertilizers is expected to increase production and provide benefits for humans. Therefore, organic ciplukan is expected to positively influence farmers who cultivate economically, socially, and healthily.