West Java Community Motives for Exercising: APMO Analysis of West Java Province 2019

One of the determinant aspects of the success of sports development in one area is the level of the Community Participation Rate in Sports (APMO). This study presented the results of West Java Community Participation Rate in Sports (APMO) in 2019 and also revealed the motives (goals and methods) of the community in exercising, which was a part of the activity tracking of the Sports Community Participation Rate in West Java. Cross Sectional Study was used to uncover research problems, involving 108 staff of Bachelors of Sport Development Trainer (SP3OR) in the data collection process. The instrument used was a modified IPAQ questionnaire contained in the APMO Measurement Guidelines for the Youth and Sports Agency in 2017. The results of APMO measurements showed that 51.6% of West Java people were active in sports. 78.65% of them aimed to maintain health; 9.45% aimed to excel in sports; 4.4% aimed to lose weight; 4.38% aimed to increase association; 1.7% aimed to other purposes; 0.53% aimed to fill spare time; and 1.35% did not answer the question. 49% did sports independently; 20.2% participated in community/sports clubs; 15.3% participated in the school activities; 10.1% exercised at work; 3.98% did sport through other means, and 1.4% did not answer the question. The results of the study reveal that the majority of West Java people expect health benefits from sports activities carried out both independently and in community/sports clubs.


Introduction
Sedentary behaviour, such as watching television, sitting all day in front of a computer, driving a private vehicle that takes more than 4 hours, is increasing (1) in big cities, such as Los Angeles and New South Wales, Australia. It is said that sedentary behaviour contributes to the increase of obesity in adults (2). In fact, the computer and internet users in households have increased from 15% to 69% in the 1989 to 2009 period (1), so that sedentary behaviour becomes a problem for individual health.
Impaired health in individuals, as a result of continuous high level sedentary behaviour (such as sitting for long periods), is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic morbidity, as well as overall mortality (3). In fact, according to research, the number of people with level 2 diabetes in the world is estimated to increase from 240 million people in 2007 to 340 million people in 2025 and 60% of them come from Asia (4). This is a real threat to young generations around the world, including in West Java Province.
West Java is demographically the province with the largest population in Indonesia, with a projected population in 2020 was around 49.9 million people (5) or 18.4% of the total population in Indonesia. This is a long-term advantage, but at the same time, it will be a threat if this demographic excess is not managed seriously. Hence, the planning should be arranged as carefully as possible. The most obvious threat from the demographic bonus of West Java province is the increase in sufferers of degenerative non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cancer (6) in the younger generation.
The increasing number of non-communicable diseases is indicated as one of the main causes of premature death (7). In this case, the West Java Provincial Government pays special attention to non-communicable diseases in the medium-term development plan (8), preventive and curative measures are continuously implemented to reduce the spread of non-communicable diseases to the younger generation in West Java. Preventive and curative measures continue to be implemented to reduce the spread of non-communicable diseases to the younger generation in West Java. One of the preventive steps being implemented is to invite West Java people to actively participate in sports. Sport and participation in sports have become an important welfare policy issue and are considered as solutions to many 'problems' faced by society (9). According to research, it is stated that preventive steps in preventing the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and several types of cancer, is exercising (1) with moderate physical activity for 30 minutes at least 4 times per week (10). Even, participation in sports in childhood and adolescence has been reported to increase the likelihood of high levels of physical activity later in life (11).
The implementation of activities carried out every year, of course, requires a measuring tool to see the increase occurred after sports activities were rolled out in West Java society. Therefore, the West Java Youth and Sports Service (DISPORA) prepares a strategic plan for the next 5 years since 2018, so that the participation of the West Java people continues to increase (12), and has also compiled the Guidelines for Measuring the Participation Rate of the West Java Community in Exercising (APMO), a modified IPAQ questionnaire as a data collection instrument used to see an increase in community sport participation in West Java.
The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the participation of the West Java people in exercising in the past week when filling out the questionnaire, as well as the motivation and how people in West Java exercised. We only dig up information on the quantity of exercise of the respondents, not on the quality of the activities they did. Therefore, to complete the data we got, it is necessary to conduct further research on the quality of sport activity movement carried out by West Java people.

Materials and Methods
This research was conducted using a cross sectional study method. The data collectors were 108 Bachelor of Sport Development Activators (SP3OR) from West Java Provincial Youth and Sports Office assigned according to their home district. Therefore, the sampling mechanism was determined purposely, where samples were obtained by SP3OR staff. The samples were selected based on the presence of SP3OR personnel from 108 sub-districts representing each district/city in West Java. Data collection was carried out every three months in 2019. The average number of respondents who participated in filling out the questionnaire was 18,459 people from 108 sub-districts in 27 regencies/cities in West Java. The instrument used was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which was modified as stated in the guidebook for measuring the level of participation of the West Java community in sports (APMO) West Java Provincial Youth and Sports Office 2017.

APMO Data Collection Procedure
Samples were taken from 108 sub-districts in West Java as the work area of West Java SP3OR workers as data collectors. Then, SP3OR workers searched for information about the community in the place where data were taken based on six occupational strata, including professional and educational backgrounds, consisting of students, PNS (Civil Servants)/TNI (Indonesian Army) /POLRI (Indonesian National Police)/BUMN (State-Owned Enterprises), private employees, entrepreneurs, farmers/fishers, and others. Then, SP3OR workers determined individual samples from each stratum through purposive sampling, which was based on the affordability and effectiveness of data collection. Samples taken from each stratum were 10% of the population, but not less than 5 people (unless the population was less than 5 people) and a maximum of 30 people (although 10% of the population was more than 30 people). The sample was at least 7 years old. Sample selection was based on domicile of residence, not domicile of place of work.

Instrument
The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire consisting of 14 questions (as shown in the Appendix), where the focus of the questionnaire was to reveal the number of people's participation in sports, but at the same time, it was used to reveal indicators of the level of physical activity. At this level, the measured target was not solely the quality of participation, but the quantity of doing sport activities as indicated by the frequency of doing sports activities per week. In addition, respondents must also provide information about their height, weight, gender, age, and origin of the sub-district and district/city as well as occupational stratification.

Results
The results of the West Java APMO obtained from the respondent answers were 18,459 people, stating that 9,531 or 51.6% exercised in the last one week while the rest answered no.

APMO Data Analysis
The West Java APMO value is based on the "yes" answers of respondents to question number 1, namely "Have you done sports activities in the past week?". To get the APMO value per sub-district, the number of "yes" answers from each respondent were calculated using the formula: APMO = ∑ 1 X 100 % ∑x1 = Respondents who exercised/answered Yes n = Total Respondents who filled out the Questionnaire Furthermore, to get the APMO value per Regency/City, the average value in the sub-district was calculated. To get the APMO value at the Provincial level, the average score of the Regency/City was calculated.
The motivation and how the West Java people generally exercise can be seen from the results of the respondent answers to question number 9, namely "What is your main goal of exercising?", and question number 10, namely " How do you exercise?". The percentage of results were obtained by looking at the average answers given by respondents to the questions mentioned above. With these results, of course, it was necessary to explore further the information behind the results obtained. In the questionnaire, there are also questions that explore information about the motivation listed in question number 9, "What is your main goal of exercising". The results of the respondent answers show that 78.65% aimed to maintain health, 9.45% aimed to perform well in sports, 4.4% aimed to lose weight, 4.38% aimed to increase socialization, 1.7% were for other purposes, 0.53% aimed to fill leisure time, and 1.35% did not answer. To know how the respondent exercised, the question number 10, "How do you exercise?" was given. The results show that 49% of respondents did sports independently; 20.2% of respondents participated in community/sport clubs; 15.3% of respondents exercised at school; 10.1% exercised at work; and 3.98% did sports through other means, and 1.4% did not answer.

Discussion
Motivation is a hypothetical construct used to describe the internal and/or external forces that lead to the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behaviour (7). At least, four concepts are needed to analyse the processes that involve people in sports, namely recruitment, motivation, outreach, and commitment (13). Based on the results obtained from the measurement of the Public Participation Rate in Exercising (APMO), it was found that the majority of respondents answered that maintaining health was the main motivation for exercising. 78.65% answered that their exercising goal was to maintain health. It explains that the respondents had realized the importance of maintaining personal health and exercising was the most accessible preventive step for them to reach and implement.
Physical inactivity has an impact on the arrival of various diseases, while sport participation contributes to health and physical activity (Molenberg). Health is an indicator of one's happiness, because being able to live daily life with a maintained health for a long time is a great satisfaction, which is not owned by someone who is sick. Therefore, it is possible that the results of data collection on sport activities show that 51.6% of people did sports activities because the respondents had a strong intrinsic motive to obtain benefit from the activities carried out. In SDT, it explains vitality, the energy available for oneself, namely energy that is uplifting and empowering (14), in accordance with the objectives of sports activities.
Furthermore, in second place, 9.45% of respondents answered that their exercising goal was an achievement. It cannot be denied that currently life as an athlete is promising, because it can change the status and economy, especially in West Java. Therefore, it is true that when someone is extrinsically motivated, the individual does not engage in activities because of pleasure but to get a kind of reward outside the activity itself (13). The rest of the respondents answered that 4.4% for weight loss, 4.38% added relationships, 1.7% for other purposes, 0.53% filled the leisure time, and 1.35% did not answer.
The next data is how the respondents carried out sports. The data strengthens the statement that the respondent motivation was to maintain their health, where the majority of respondents answered that they exercised independently. Interesting facts were obtained from the answers. Respondents who answered that they did sports independently had a percentage of 49%, while 20.2% of respondents answered that they participated in sport communities/clubs. From the two majority answers obtained, there is a correlation between the objectives and the way the respondents exercise. Therefore, it proves that the respondents have strong intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to achieve goals/satisfaction from their participation in sports [7] namely health and sports achievement.

Conclusion
The results of the Sports Community Participation Rate (APMO) in 2019 reached 51.6%. This is a good result for the measure of sports development in the region. However, because the determination of the sample used purposive sampling and was only carried out in 108 sub-districts, or only 17.28% of the total 625 sub-districts, it would be better if the measurement is conducted in all sub-districts in West Java. Therefore, further research needs to involve samples that represent every District in West Java to gain better results.
Hopefully, a healthy lifestyle through refractive exercise will continue as well as efforts to globally promote recreational sports as a way of life (15). Indirectly, the results of the West Java APMO are also directly proportional to the achievements of West Java Province in national sports events, such as the

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