An Examination of the Relationship between the Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness

This research examines the relationship between social appearance anxiety and conscious awareness level of university students based on descriptive type relational screening in terms of various variables. The sample of the research is composed of 295 university students studying at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. The data were collected via The Personal Information Form which was developed by researchers (KBF), Conscious Awarness Questionnaire, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SSI). The obtained data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences package program. According to the findings, there is no statistically significant difference between gender and social appearance anxiety, and conscious awareness levels of the university students. In addition to this, it was found that there is no significant difference between the class level of the participants and social appearance anxiety, and conscious awareness levels of the university students. Finally, the results show that there is a significant difference between age and the Conscious Awareness variable, and the averages of the social appearance anxiety, and conscious awareness levels of the participants.


Introduction
Individuals have a tendency to provide satisfaction by understanding the society they were born into and by solving their needs to adapt by learning. A condition of providing individuals internal gratification depends on the process of adapting to their social environment and the condition of receiving sufficient-positive feedback. The process of learning and adapting to the social environment of the individual is called socialization. As a part of being an important part of the personality structures of the individuals in the socialization process, their appearance also has an important place. It has been determined that external research influences the social status and perception of the individual [1,2].
The fact that external appearance becomes an important factor in the socialization of individuals leads them to attach more importance to the external appearances of the individuals, so; this situation triggers the of social appearance anxiety in the individuals [3,2].
Anxiety about social appearance can be defined as the fear of negative evaluation of the individual who appears in the community [4]. Social appearance anxiety, a variation of social anxiety, is defined as the anxiety and tension experienced by individuals when their external appearance is assessed by other individuals [5]. Social appearance anxiety, social anxiety level and negative body image perception have a significant positive relationship with the level of perception [6]. Again, according to a similar view, the low body image perceptions that individuals' possess have the tendency to avoid the individuals from the social environment, which in turn affects the level of social anxiety negatively [7].
It can be thought that social anxiety can give an idea about the prevalence of social anxiety which investigated on the previous studies considered as a derivative of social anxiety. The prevalence of social anxiety ranges from 6,7% to 10,7% [10,11], which suggests that there are serious research outcomes related to the prevalence of social anxiety. In addition, considering the fact that the relationship between usage rates of social networking and social anxiety is positive [8] and that there is a serious increase in social networking usage [9] visible. In recent years, it has been seen that the importance of therapeutic work has been emphasized in relation to social appearance anxiety, which is thought to be increasing day by day. Conscious awareness approaches take an important place in these studies.
Awareness-based work in the last decade has shown that individuals significantly reduce their anxiety levels. Awareness means that the individual is aware of his own thinking processes and can control these processes [10,11]. Awareness focuses on the instant by accepting the inner practice of the inner workings by making mental and bodily practices from the meditations practiced in the Eastern geography of the basic practice [12]. According to another definition, awareness is directed at attention, voluntarily and without trial, towards the flow of instant experiences [13]. The concept of awareness associated with consciousness states that therapeutic change is one of the important and latent stages [14]. The conscious awareness that is based on Buddhism is defined as the focal point of the present moment without any judgment [15]. Conscious awareness is the process of clarifying and interpreting the changes in the environment when we are subjected to intense incentive bombardment [16]. Conscious awareness-oriented studies have shown that the development of awareness is positively associated with physical and emotional well-being, while the negative association with depression and anxiety is seen [15,17,18]. According to another study with parallel findings, instant focused on the attention shows that individual has different qualities from negative self-focused styles [15,17].
Studies based on faculty have contributed positively to the subjective well-being of individuals [15,17], negative relationship with anxiety levels [19] and studies need for a closer examination of the relationship between conscious awareness and social appearance anxiety. This study was carried out in order to provide data accumulation related to the relationship between social appearance anxiety and conscious awareness as a result of this need and literature review.

Purpose of the Study
As a result of the literature survey, there was no study investigating the relationship between Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness. In this study, it is aimed to find answers to the questions mentioned below, to eliminate the lack of data in the literature and provide data accumulation related to the social appearance anxiety concern which is a derivative of anxiety problem, one of the main fields of study of psychology.

Problem Statement
This research examines the relationship between levels of social appearance anxiety and conscious awareness of university students; which has been carried out with descriptive type relational scanning model in terms of various variables. In selecting the universe and sample, it has been noted that sample size and characteristics of the individuals forming the sample are generalizable. It is important that the number of samples is taken care of to make up 20% of the universe in relational screening studies and that the individual variables of the individuals forming the sample are generalizable [20].
The following hypothetical responses will be sought

Conscious Awareness Scale (C.A.S)
Factor analysis of the scale as a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis studies was done to test the validity of the scale, It has been adapted by Özgür, Arslan, Kesici and Deniz developed by Brown and Ryan [15]. The total change explained by the five eigenvalues is 58.02. The first sudden change in the eigenvalue graph emerged in the first factor. The first factor was 4.24 (28.33%), the second factor was 1.22 (8.18%), the third factor was 1.13 (7.54%), the fourth factor was 1.08 (6.73%) and the fifth factor was 1.01 (6.16%). Internal consistency coefficient of your scale α = .82. The item-total correlations obtained from the scale ranged from .43 to .68. Six point scale Likert and one-dimensional scale consist of 15 items.

Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAC)
The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAC) developed by Hart et al. [5] and then validated by Turkish Dogan [21] was a Likert type with 5 items and consisted of 16 items. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient for SSI was .93, test-retest reliability coefficient was .85 and reliability coefficient was .88. The result is that the item-total correlation coefficients are between .32 and .82.

Data Analysis
In the research, Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to test the hypothesis of normality, which is the precondition of parametric tests, and the skewness coefficients are looked and the results are not between +1 and -1 which is acceptable [22]. Therefore, the use of nonparametric tests was applied. Mann Whitney U test, Spearman's brho test and Kruskal Wallis test were used in the study. The Personal Information Form (KBF) was prepared by researchers within the scope of the research, the Conscious Awareness Scale was developed by Brown and Ryan [15], and Hart et al. [4] developed the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SSI). Considering these results, non-parametric analyses were utilized in the present study. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.00 package program.    Kruskal Wallis test to determine whether teachers 'candidates' social appearance anxiety and conscious awareness levels significantly differed according to class level variable appear to have no significant difference between the averages. It has been found that there is a negative correlation between Spearman's brho test Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness levels for the relationship between Teacher candidates' Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness levels.

Conclusions and Discussion
It seems that there is no meaningful difference between the mean of the teachers' candidates according to the gender variable of Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness levels. It is observed that there is no significant difference between the mean of the Teacher candidates' Social Appearance Anxiety Level and Conscious Awareness Levels according to the Parent Share Status variables.
It was found that there was a meaningful difference in the Conscious Awareness variable between the averages according to the age variable of the Teacher candidates' of Social Anxiety Appearance and Conscious Awareness levels. The Conscious Awareness variable was found to be significantly different for small ages 1-4, 2-4, 3-4.
It is seen that there is no meaningful difference between the mean of the teachers' candidates according to the class level variable of Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness levels.
It has been determined that there are no significant differences between Conscious Awareness and social anxiety in the context of gender change. There were also studies [23] in which there were differences in social appearance anxiety levels according to gender variable, besides the studies that determined that there was no meaningful difference between social anxiety and gender change in screening of the constructed article [24]. Therefore, it can be said that the results of the research support the literature.
It has been determined that in the context of age change, individuals differ significantly in the level of Social Appearance Anxiety and Conscious Awareness Levels. In the review of the literature on the field, there is no study related to social anxiety and conscious awareness levels were assessed in terms of age. So there is no data accumulation which can directly compare research results. However, it was found that gender roles were significantly related to the Social Appearance Anxiety Levels in the context of Social Appearance Anxiety and gender roles studies [25,24,23] and Conscious Awareness and the age context, it is not meaningful [26] and there are meaningful interactions [27]. Therefore, it can be said that the work carried out supports the results of the literature.
There could not be found any study examined the relationship between of Social Appearance anxiety and Conscious Awareness. Therefore, there is not any data accumulation which can directly compare the results of the research. However, due to the examination of the field literature, it is thought that social appearance anxiety can be said to be a derivation of social appearance and social appearance is a psychopathological situation such as depression, OCD, etc., so that conscious awareness and neurotic tendencies are examined. In studies examining conscious awareness and neurotic tendencies, it has been determined that there is a significant negative relationship between conscious awareness and neurotic tendencies [28,29]. It can be said that the results obtained without the study support the results of the literature when considering the meaningful relationships between negative awareness and social anxiety which is considered as a neurotic tendency in the study carried out.